| 1. |
- Carlberg, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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On the association between glioma, wireless phones, heredity and ionising radiation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Pathophysiology. - : Elsevier. - 0928-4680 .- 1873-149X. ; 19:4, s. 243-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We performed two case–control studies on brain tumours diagnosed during 1 January 1997 to 30 June 2000 and 1 July 2000 to 31 December 2003, respectively. Living cases and controls aged 20–80 years were included. An additional study was performed on deceased cases with a malignant brain tumour using deceased controls. Pooled results for glioma yielded for ipsilateral use of mobile phone odds ratio (OR)=2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.8–4.7 in the >10 years latency group. The corresponding result for cordless phone was OR=3.8, 95% CI=1.8–8.1. OR increased statistically significant for cumulative use of wireless phones per 100h and per year of latency. For high-grade glioma ipsilateral use of mobile phone gave OR=3.9, 95% CI=2.3–6.6 and cordless phone OR=5.5, 95% CI=2.3–13 in the >10 years latency group. Heredity for brain tumour gave OR=3.4, 95% CI=2.1–5.5 for glioma. There was no interaction with use of wireless phones. X-ray investigation of the head gave overall OR=1.3, 95% CI=1.1–1.7 for glioma without interaction with use of wireless phones or heredity. In conclusion use of mobile and cordless phone increased the risk for glioma with highest OR for ipsilateral use, latency >10 years and third tertile of cumulative use in hours. In total, the risk was highest in the age group <20 years for first use of a wireless phone.
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| 2. |
- Cerón-Pisa, Noemi, et al.
(författare)
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Hsa-Mir-320c, Hsa-Mir-200c-3p, and Hsa-Mir-449c-5p as Potential Specific miRNA Biomarkers of COPD : A Pilot Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Pathophysiology. - : MDPI. - 0928-4680 .- 1873-149X. ; 29:2, s. 143-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease commonly induced by cigarette smoke. The expression of miRNAs can be altered in patients with COPD and could be used as a biomarker. We aimed to identify a panel of miRNAs in bron-choalveolar lavage (BAL) to differentiate COPD patients from smokers and non-smokers with normal lung function. Accordingly, forty-five subjects classified as COPD, smokers, and non-smokers (n = 15 per group) underwent clinical, functional characterization and bronchoscopy with BAL. The mean age of the studied population was 61.61 ± 12.95 years, BMI 25.72 ± 3.82 Kg/m2, FEV1/FVC 68.37 ± 12.00%, and FEV1 80.07 ± 23.63% predicted. According to microarray analysis, three miRNAs of the most upregulated were chosen: miR-320c, miR-200c-3p, and miR-449c-5p. These miRNAs were validated by qPCR and were shown to be differently expressed in COPD patients. ROC analysis showed that these three miRNAs together had an area under the curve of 0.89 in differentiating COPD from controls. Moreover, in silico analysis of candidate miRNAs by DIANA-miRPath showed potential involvement in the EGFR and Hippo pathways. These results suggest a specific 3-miRNA signature that could be potentially used as a biomarker to distinguish COPD patients from smokers and non-smoker subjects.
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| 3. |
- Enriquez, Josue, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Housing Temperature and Genetic Diversity on Allogeneic T Cell-Induced Tissue Damage in Mice
- 2023
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Ingår i: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. - 0928-4680 .- 1873-149X. ; 30:4, s. 522-547
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to determine how housing temperature and genetic diversity affect the onset and severity of allogeneic T cell-induced tissue damage in mice subjected to reduced intensity conditioning (RIC). We found that adoptive transfer of allogeneic CD4+ T cells from inbred donors into sub-lethally irradiated inbred recipients (I -> I) housed at standard housing temperatures (ST; 22-24 degrees C) induced extensive BM and spleen damage in the absence of injury to any other tissue. Although engraftment of T cells in RIC-treated mice housed at their thermo-neutral temperature (TNT; 30-32 degrees C) also developed similar BM and spleen damage, their survival was markedly and significantly increased when compared to their ST counterparts. In contrast, the adoptive transfer of allogeneic T cells into RIC-treated outbred CD1 recipients failed to induce disease in any tissue at ST or TNT. The lack of tissue damage was not due to defects in donor T cell trafficking to BM or spleen but was associated with the presence of large numbers of B cells and myeloid cells within these tissues that are known to contain immunosuppressive regulatory B cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. These data demonstrate, for the first time, that housing temperature affects the survival of RIC-treated I -> I mice and that RIC-conditioned outbred mice are resistant to allogeneic T cell-induced BM and spleen damage.
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| 4. |
- Hallberg, O, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing rates of head melanoma in Nordic countries
- 2011
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Ingår i: Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-149X. ; 18:4, s. 313-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Hallberg, O, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep on the right side-Get cancer on the left?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-149X. ; 17:3, s. 157-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Nittby, Henrietta, et al.
(författare)
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Increased blood-brain barrier permeability in mammalian brain 7 days after exposure to the radiation from a GSM-900 mobile phone.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Pathophysiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-149X .- 0928-4680.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microwaves were for the first time produced by humans in 1886 when radio waves were broadcasted and received. Until then microwaves had only existed as a part of the cosmic background radiation since the birth of universe. By the following utilization of microwaves in telegraph communication, radars, television and above all, in the modern mobile phone technology, mankind is today exposed to microwaves at a level up to 10(20) times the original background radiation since the birth of universe. Our group has earlier shown that the electromagnetic radiation emitted by mobile phones alters the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), resulting in albumin extravasation immediately and 14 days after 2h of exposure. In the background section of this report, we present a thorough review of the literature on the demonstrated effects (or lack of effects) of microwave exposure upon the BBB. Furthermore, we have continued our own studies by investigating the effects of GSM mobile phone radiation upon the blood-brain barrier permeability of rats 7 days after one occasion of 2h of exposure. Forty-eight rats were exposed in TEM-cells for 2h at non-thermal specific absorption rates (SARs) of 0mW/kg, 0.12mW/kg, 1.2mW/kg, 12mW/kg and 120mW/kg. Albumin extravasation over the BBB, neuronal albumin uptake and neuronal damage were assessed. Albumin extravasation was enhanced in the mobile phone exposed rats as compared to sham controls after this 7-day recovery period (Fisher's exact probability test, p=0.04 and Kruskal-Wallis, p=0.012), at the SAR-value of 12mW/kg (Mann-Whitney, p=0.007) and with a trend of increased albumin extravasation also at the SAR-values of 0.12mW/kg and 120mW/kg. There was a low, but significant correlation between the exposure level (SAR-value) and occurrence of focal albumin extravasation (r(s)=0.33; p=0.04). The present findings are in agreement with our earlier studies where we have seen increased BBB permeability immediately and 14 days after exposure. We here discuss the present findings as well as the previous results of altered BBB permeability from our and other laboratories.
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| 7. |
- Esamai, Fabian, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of core and skin temperature among normal and febrile children with cerebral malaria, uncomplicated malaria, and measles
- 1995
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Ingår i: Pathophysiology. - 0928-4680. ; 2:1, s. 55-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forty-four children were studied to compare the pathogenesis of fever in cerebral malaria, uncomplicated malaria and measles at the Eldoret District Hospital (EDH). A control group of normal children was used. The three patient groups were studied for three consecutive days measuring skin and core temperature three-times a day using the Liquid Crystal Device (LCD) thermometer. A statistical analysis of the results within and between the groups was carried out for core and skin temperature over the study period. No statistical differences were found between the groups for either the skin or the core temperature, but a significant statistical difference was demonstrated between the core and the skin temperature for all of the groups for each of the three days. No statistical difference was found when the differences between the core and skin temperature were compared between cerebral malaria and uncomplicated malaria. The possible roles of fever in morbidity and mortality are discussed, with special reference to cerebral malaria.
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| 8. |
- Bahram, Fuad, et al.
(författare)
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VEGF-mediated signal transduction in lymphatic endothelial cells
- 2010
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Ingår i: Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology / ISP. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-4680. ; 17:4, s. 253-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The VEGF family of angiogenic ligands consists of VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFC, VEGFD and placenta growth factor, PlGF. These growth factors bind in an overlapping pattern to three receptor tyrosine kinases, denoted VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and VEGFR3. Originally, VEGFA (the prototype VEGF) was described as a master regulator of vascular endothelial cell biology in vitro and in vivo, transducing its effect through VEGFR2. VEGFA, VEGFB and PlGF bind to VEGFR1, which is a negative regulator of endothelial cell function at least during embryogenesis. VEGFC and VEGFD were identified as lymphatic endothelial factors, acting via VEGFR3. With time, the very clear distinction between the roles of the VEGF ligands in angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis has given way for a more complex pattern. It seems that the biology of the different VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 ligands overlaps quite extensively and that both receptor types contribute to angiogenesis as well as lymphangiogenesis. This paradigm shift in our understanding is due to the access to more sophisticated reagents and techniques revealing dynamic and plastic expression of ligands and receptors in different physiological and pathological conditions. Moreover, knowledge on the important role of VEGF coreceptors, the neuropilins, in regulating the responsiveness to VEGF has changed our perception on the mechanism of VEGF signal transduction. This review will primarily focus on the properties of VEGR3, its signal transduction and the resulting biology.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Hardell, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Case-control study on the use of mobile and cordless phones and the risk for malignant melanoma in the head and neck region
- 2011
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Ingår i: Pathophysiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-4680. ; 18:4, s. 325-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma has increased during the last decades in Sweden as in many other countries. Besides of ultraviolet radiation and constitutional factors such as light-sensitive skin and poor ability to tan few risk factors are established. Some studies indicate that electromagnetic fields might be of concern. In this case-control study we assessed use of mobile and cordless phones in 347 cases with melanoma in the head and neck region and 1184 controls. These subjects constituted 82% and 80%, respectively, that answered the questionnaire. Overall no increased risk was found. However, in the most exposed area; temporal, cheek and ear, cumulative use >365. h of mobile phone yielded in the >1-5-year latency group odds ratio (OR) = 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.7-6.1 and cordless phone use gave OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.1-3.8. Highest OR was calculated for first use of mobile or cordless phone before the age of 20 years regardless of anatomical localisation in the head and neck region. No interaction was found with established risk factors such as red, medium blond or fair hair colour, blue eyes, skin type I or II (never or sometimes tanned), severe sunburns as teenager or heredity. The results must be interpreted with caution due to low numbers and potential methodological shortcomings in a case-control study. However, the findings might be consistent with a late carcinogenic effect from microwaves, i.e. tumour promotion, but need to be confirmed.
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| 12. |
- Hardell, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Epidemiological evidence for an association between use of wireless phones and tumor diseases.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology / ISP. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-4680. ; 16:2-3, s. 113-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During recent years there has been increasing public concern on potential cancer risks from microwave emissions from wireless phones. We evaluated the scientific evidence for long-term mobile phone use and the association with certain tumors in case-control studies, mostly from the Hardell group in Sweden and the Interphone study group. Regarding brain tumors the meta-analysis yielded for glioma odds ratio (OR)=1.0, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.9-1.1. OR increased to 1.3, 95% CI=1.1-1.6 with 10 year latency period, with highest risk for ipsilateral exposure (same side as the tumor localisation), OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.4-2.4, lower for contralateral exposure (opposite side) OR=1.2, 95% CI=0.9-1.7. Regarding acoustic neuroma OR=1.0, 95% CI=0.8-1.1 was calculated increasing to OR=1.3, 95% CI=0.97-1.9 with 10 year latency period. For ipsilateral exposure OR=1.6, 95% CI=1.1-2.4, and for contralateral exposure OR=1.2, 95% CI=0.8-1.9 were found. Regarding meningioma no consistent pattern of an increased risk was found. Concerning age, highest risk was found in the age group <20 years at time of first use of wireless phones in the studies from the Hardell group. For salivary gland tumors, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and testicular cancer no consistent pattern of an association with use of wireless phones was found. One study on uveal melanoma yielded for probable/certain mobile phone use OR=4.2, 95% CI=1.2-14.5. One study on intratemporal facial nerve tumor was not possible to evaluate due to methodological shortcomings. In summary our review yielded a consistent pattern of an increased risk for glioma and acoustic neuroma after >10 year mobile phone use. We conclude that current standard for exposure to microwaves during mobile phone use is not safe for long-term exposure and needs to be revised.
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| 13. |
- Hardell, Lennart, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Mobile phone and cordless phone use and the risk for glioma : Analysis of pooled case-control studies in Sweden, 1997-2003 and 2007-2009
- 2015
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Ingår i: Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology. - : Elsevier. - 0928-4680. ; 22:1, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We made a pooled analysis of two case-control studies on malignant brain tumours with patients diagnosed during 1997-2003 and 2007-2009. They were aged 20-80 years and 18-75 years, respectively, at the time of diagnosis. Only cases with histopathological verification of the tumour were included. Population-based controls, matched on age and gender, were used. Exposures were assessed by questionnaire. The whole reference group was used in the unconditional regression analysis adjusted for gender, age, year of diagnosis, and socio-economic index. In total, 1498 (89%) cases and 3530 (87%) controls participated. Mobile phone use increased the risk of glioma, OR=1.3, 95% CI=1.1-1.6 overall, increasing to OR=3.0, 95% CI=1.7-5.2 in the >25 year latency group. Use of cordless phones increased the risk to OR=1.4, 95% CI=1.1-1.7, with highest risk in the >15-20 years latency group yielding OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.1-2.5. The OR increased statistically significant both per 100h of cumulative use, and per year of latency for mobile and cordless phone use. Highest ORs overall were found for ipsilateral mobile or cordless phone use, OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.4-2.2 and OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.3-2.1, respectively. The highest risk was found for glioma in the temporal lobe. First use of mobile or cordless phone before the age of 20 gave higher OR for glioma than in later age groups.
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| 14. |
- Hardell, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Use of mobile phones and cordless phones is associated with increased risk for glioma and acoustic neuroma
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology / ISP. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-4680. ; 20:2, s. 85-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) at WHO evaluation of the carcinogenic effect of RF-EMF on humans took place during a 24-31 May 2011 meeting at Lyon in France. The Working Group consisted of 30 scientists and categorised the radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from mobile phones, and from other devices that emit similar non-ionising electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF), as Group 2B, i.e., a 'possible', human carcinogen. The decision on mobile phones was based mainly on the Hardell group of studies from Sweden and the IARC Interphone study. We give an overview of current epidemiological evidence for an increased risk for brain tumours including a meta-analysis of the Hardell group and Interphone results for mobile phone use. Results for cordless phones are lacking in Interphone. The meta-analysis gave for glioma in the most exposed part of the brain, the temporal lobe, odds ratio (OR)=1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.04-2.81 in the ≥10 years (>10 years in the Hardell group) latency group. Ipsilateral mobile phone use ≥1640h in total gave OR=2.29, 95% CI=1.56-3.37. The results for meningioma were OR=1.25, 95% CI=0.31-4.98 and OR=1.35, 95% CI=0.81-2.23, respectively. Regarding acoustic neuroma ipsilateral mobile phone use in the latency group ≥10 years gave OR=1.81, 95% CI=0.73-4.45. For ipsilateral cumulative use ≥1640h OR=2.55, 95% CI=1.50-4.40 was obtained. Also use of cordless phones increased the risk for glioma and acoustic neuroma in the Hardell group studies. Survival of patients with glioma was analysed in the Hardell group studies yielding in the >10 years latency period hazard ratio (HR)=1.2, 95% CI=1.002-1.5 for use of wireless phones. This increased HR was based on results for astrocytoma WHO grade IV (glioblastoma multiforme). Decreased HR was found for low-grade astrocytoma, WHO grades I-II, which might be caused by RF-EMF exposure leading to tumour-associated symptoms and earlier detection and surgery with better prognosis. Some studies show increasing incidence of brain tumours whereas other studies do not. It is concluded that one should be careful using incidence data to dismiss results in analytical epidemiology. The IARC carcinogenic classification does not seem to have had any significant impact on governments' perceptions of their responsibilities to protect public health from this widespread source of radiation.
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| 15. |
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