| 1. |
- Samokhin, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Stationary iteration methods for solving 3D electromagnetic scattering problems
- 2013
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Ingår i: Applied Mathematics and Computation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0096-3003 .- 1873-5649. ; 222, s. 107-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Generalized Chebyshev iteration (GCI) applied for solving linear equations with nonselfadjoint operators is considered. Sufficient conditions providing the convergence of iterations imposed on the domain of localization of the spectrum on the complex plane are obtained. A minimax problem for the determination of optimal complex iteration parameters is formulated. An algorithm of finding an optimal iteration parameter in the case of arbitrary location of the operator spectrum on the complex plane is constructed for the generalized simple iteration method. The results are applied to numerical solution of volume singular integral equations (VSIEs) associated with the problems of the mathematical theory of wave diffraction by 3D dielectric bodies. In particular, the domain of the spectrum location is described explicitly for low-frequency scattering problems and in the general case. The obtained results are discussed and recommendations concerning their applications are given. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Söderpalm, Ann-Charlott, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Low bone mineral density and decreased bone turnover in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- 2007
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Ingår i: Neuromuscular Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8966 .- 1873-2364. ; 17:11-12, s. 919-928
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This cross-sectional study examined bone mineral density, bone turnover, body composition and calciotropic hormones in 24 boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) (2.3-19.7 years), most of whom were being treated with prednisolone, and 24 age-matched healthy boys. Our study demonstrated lower bone mineral density in the DMD group for total body, spine, hip, heel and forearm measurements. These differences between DMD patients and controls increased with increasing age. Biochemical markers of both bone formation and resorption revealed reduced bone turnover in DMD patients. The fracture rate was not higher in DMD patients. The DMD group had low vitamin D levels but high leptin levels in comparison with the control group. Muscle strength correlated with bone mineral density assessed at the hip and heel in the DMD group. Interventions that increase bone formation should be considered, as DMD patients have reduced bone turnover in addition to their low bone mineral density. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Baigi, Amir, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Non-attendees' attitudes to the design of a cardiac rehabilitation programme focused on information of risk factors and professional involvement
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 8:1, s. 62-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Enhancing the accuracy of the content of cardiac rehabilitation programmes (CRPs) and providing the mediators preferred by patients can increase attendance rates in line with secondary prevention goals. The aim of this study was therefore to explore non-attendees' attitudes to the design of a CRP focused on information of risk factors and professional involvement. Method: Consecutive patients with coronary heart disease (n = 100) who declined to participate in a CRP answered a questionnaire focusing on patients' attitudes to risk factors and cardiac rehabilitation. Results: Non-attendees considered that information of hypertension and information of sedentary lifestyle constituted the most important content of a CRP. Physicians, nurses and social workers were considered the most suitable professional categories. Females preferred nurses when discussing smoking issues while males preferred physicians. More males compared to females preferred occupational therapists for dealing with stress, physicians for depression and social workers for social isolation. Conclusions: Non-attendees' attitudes are similar to those of attendees and quite traditional in that they favour physician or nurse-led activities. There is a difference in attitude between male and female.
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| 4. |
- Karlsson, Ann-Kristin, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Depressed mood over time after open heart surgery impacts patient well-being: A combined study
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - Amsterdam : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 7:4, s. 277-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Depression is a common cause of decreased well-being after open heart surgery (OHS) and a risk factor for new cardiac events. Little is known about the long-term prevalence of depressive symptoms after OHS or their effect on well-being. The aim of this study was to explore the presence of depressed mood in patients during the recovery phase after open heart surgery as well as depressed mood and well-being 3 years later. Method: Eighty consecutively included patients completed a questionnaire about depressed mood at 5 weeks, 5 months and 3 years after OHS. A telephone interview took place after receipt of the third questionnaire to explore their well-being. Quantitative and qualitative data were analysed separately and thereafter together. Result: Depressed mood occurred in 52% of the patients during recovery or 3 years after OHS. The qualitative content analysis produced the theme of transition, which was based on three categories. Conclusion: Depressed mood was reported by the majority of patients during recovery after OHS and had a long-term effect on their well-being. OHS constituted a transition for all patients, but those with depressed mood had difficulty finishing the transition process and reorientating life.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Franzén, Kristofer, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of chronic heart failure on elderly persons' daily life : a validation study
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Sage Publications. - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 5:2, s. 137-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Knowledge about how elderly persons perceive the impact of chronic heart failure (CHF) on daily life is important when planning nursing care. For this purpose, disease specific instruments are needed. However, few instruments have been developed or tested specifically on elderly persons. AIM: To validate a Swedish version of the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (LHFQ) on elderly persons with CHF, and use it to describe the impact of CHF on daily life in the same population. METHODS: The sample comprised of 357 persons, aged between 65 and 99, diagnosed with CHF. A questionnaire including background data, the LHFQ and the SF-12 was used. RESULTS: A factor analysis resulted in four dimensions: physical, emotional, treatment and pleasure. LHFQ showed convergent validity and ability to discriminate between known groups. Cronbach's alpha for the total scale was 0.94. Impairments in the physical dimension were most common, especially fatigue (88%) and shortness of breath (87%). CONCLUSIONS: The LHFQ showed satisfying psychometric properties in an elderly Swedish population with CHF and can, with minor alterations, be recommended for research and clinical use. The impact of chronic heart failure on daily life was mostly physical, but other impairments were also common.
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| 7. |
- Franzén, Kristofer, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors for health related quality of life in persons 65 years or older with chronic heart failure
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Oxford University Press. - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 6:2, s. 112-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundA main goal in nursing care of persons with chronic heart failure (HF) is to strengthen their health related quality of life (HRQoL). This presupposes knowledge about the relation between heart failure and HRQoL. Existing studies have shown incongruent results about whether HRQoL is affected differently depending on age or sex of elderly persons with chronic HF.AimThis study aimed to investigate if age, sex, disease severity, comorbidity and living conditions predict health related quality of life among persons 65 years or older with chronic HF.MethodsThe study included a sample of 357 persons. HRQoL was measured by the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire and the Short Form-12 Health Survey Questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses were performed to analyse the relation between the predictors and HRQoL.ResultsThe main finding was that self-rated disease severity was strongly associated with HRQoL, but also age, sex, diabetes and respiratory diseases was associated with some of the dimensions of HRQoL.ConclusionsInterventions aimed at delaying the progress of the disease, assist persons' to cope with the disease and maintain the domains of HRQoL that are still feasible could be important to improve HRQoL in elderly persons with chronic HF.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Ingvor, et al.
(författare)
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Disturbed sleep, fatigue, anxiety and depression in myocardial infarction patients
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 9:3, s. 175-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Disturbed sleep has been linked to increased morbidity, mortality and depression and worsened health-related quality of life in patients with chronic illness. Few studies of readjustment after coronary artery disease have explicitly focused on sleep disturbance. Aim: To explore associations between disturbed sleep, fatigue, anxiety and depression, and to assess to what extent fatigue four months post-MI could be explained. Method: The sample included 204 consecutive patients, ≤ 80 years of age who answered questionnaires about disturbed sleep, fatigue, anxiety and depression four months after MI. Results: The variables anxiety, depression and disturbed sleep were all associated with fatigue. The regression model accounted for 46% of the variance in fatigue with depression and disturbed sleep as predictors. Infarct size measured by conventional biochemical markers, left ventricle ejection fraction and history of previous MI were not correlated with disturbed sleep, fatigue, anxiety or depression. Conclusions: From knowledge about associations between disturbed sleep, fatigue, anxiety and depression after MI, cardiac nurses could be trained to observe such symptoms. Optimal care for sleep disturbance may include actions to reduce anxiety and depression as well as self-care advices about sleep hygiene in order to improve sleep quality and reduce fatigue. © 2009 European Society of Cardiology.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Rojas, Yerko, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Early life circumstances and male suicide : A 30-year follow-up of a Stockholm cohort born in 1953
- 2010
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347. ; 70:3, s. 420-427
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyses the relationship between early life circumstances and suicide during adolescence and young adulthood among men in a Stockholm birth cohort born in 1953. Relevant variables were derived from Durkheim's proposition of social integration and suicide and Merton's strain theory of deviance. The links between our background variables and suicide were estimated with rare events logistic regression, a statistical method specially developed for situations in which rare events are endemic to the data. We found that self-rated loneliness at age 12–13 as an indicator of social isolation, school absenteeism at the same age as an indicator of school integration, and growing up in a family which received means-tested social assistance at least once during the period 1953–1965 as an indicator of childhood poverty, were statistically related to subsequent suicide risk between 1970 and 1984. Furthermore, following Bourdieu's rereading of Durkheim's Suicide, we argue that social isolation and school integration can be seen as important forms of deprivation, since “social integration” can also be understood in terms of “social recognition”. This view emphasises the importance of taking the emotional and social poverty of children just as seriously as their material poverty when it comes to suicide.
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| 12. |
- Berndtsson, Ina, 1953-
(författare)
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Work-integrated learning as a pedagogical tool to integrate theory andpractice in nursing education : An integrative literature revie
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nurse Education in Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-5953 .- 1873-5223. ; 42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It can be challenging for nursing students to navigate between theory and practice and to implement theoretical knowledge in real work situations and vice-versa.Work-integrated learning can support the students by enabling them to combine theoretical studies with practical work experience during their clinical placement.The aim of this integrative literature review was to identify models for the integration of theory and practice during clinical placements in nursing education by usingwork-integrated learning. Sixteen articles were found and analyzed using an integrative review method. Three themes were identified: 1) Supervisor support toenable students to develop a professional identity 2) Variety of modalities for teaching and 3) Collaboration between academic lecturers and clinical supervisorsaimed at integrating theoretical and practical knowledge. Work-integrated learning enables students to integrate theory and practice, develop skills for knowledge-inpractice and prepares them for working life. It also supports the sharing of experiences between various healthcare professionals. This review identified a need forfurther research on work-integrated learning as a method for enhancing nursing students’ workplace learning.
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| 13. |
- Björn, Inger, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Drug related negative side effects is a common reason for poor compliance in hormone replacement therapy
- 1999
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Ingår i: Maturitas. - : Elsevier. - 0378-5122 .- 1873-4111. ; 32:2, s. 77-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The reasons for poor compliance with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and, in particular drug-related reasons, have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, a cohort of peri- or postmenopausal women—mainly workers from a small town and surrounding rural area—was studied. The aim of the study was to investigate why some women never start or discontinue HRT, even when great effort has been made to inform and fulfill the demands of the patient. Methods: All women who were given a HRT prescription at a gynecological practice between September 1991 and December 1992 participated in a longitudinal study. A written questionnaire was mailed to these patients in 1996. Data from the questionnaire was supplemented with information from the medical records. Care of patients included initial information, follow-up within 4 months, yearly visits supplemented with contacts on demand. Results: 356 women received the questionnaire, among which 92% replied. A total of 2% never started HRT. Seventy-five percent continued the therapy for more than 3 years. Reasons for discontinuing HRT were negative side-effects (35%), desire to find out if climacteric symptoms had ended (26%), fear of cancer and thrombosis (25%), weariness of bleeding (19%) and a wish to deal with the problems ‘naturally’ (15%). Conclusions: Compliance with HRT can be high if adequate information is given and follow-ups are made. The main reason for poor compliance was negative side-effects, most likely progestin-related. The results of this study suggest that the future challenge will be to minimize negative side-effects of HRT.
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| 14. |
- Bladh, Mats, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a bright future? Household use of electric light : A microlevel study.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 36:9, s. 3521-3530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses the problem of energy saving in the residential sector and its relation to behavior. However, we know little about the mechanisms explaining consumption and use. The aim is to explore the behavioral elements behind patterns of use, so that consumption can be explained and saving possibilities identified. The study is based on detailed, metered data from an ongoing monitoring study. A larger sample from that study made testing of two hypotheses possible. Yet, many factors remain hidden and must be traced among the habits of households. The major part of the article is devoted to an exploration into what other variables are at work. This was done by studying the electricity consumption of seven households closely. Here, different sources of information from each household were combined: detailed, metered data for each lamp or fixture; data from interviews regarding habits; and observations of natural light and lighting equipment at visits. This information from combined sources was used to detect meanings of use and relationships with consumption. What has been found here must be translated to measurable variables and tested on representative samples of populations. This study offers information on these variables identified and how to interpret them.
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| 15. |
- Blomqvist, Kerstin, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Recognising pain in older adults living in sheltered accommodation : the views of nurses and older adults
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 38:3, s. 305-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sixty-six randomly selected older adults and their contact nurses participated in interviews based on standardised assessments of pain and open-ended questions focusing how pain was expressed and recognised. The sample included older adults with normal as well as cognitively impaired function. Seventy-nine percent of older adults with normal cognition were often in pain. Contact nurses assessed pain in 57% of cognitively impaired older adults. The content in the statements showed that pain recognition was a communicative interactive process based on verbal and non-verbal expressions. The process comprised attempts to understand the cause and intention of the expression and to verify the presence of pain. Changes in mood, facial expressions and physiological responses were described less often by older adults than by their nurses. Contact nurses of cognitively impaired older adults judged immobility as the source of pain, that it was possible to see when the person was in pain and that pain was expressed by paralinguistic and body language more often than contact nurses of cognitively healthy older adults. Characteristics of nurses and older adults could facilitate or hinder pain recognition. The findings indicate a need for reflective discussions in the staff group focusing on how to perform systematic assessments of verbal and non-verbal expressions and of hindrances and facilitators for recognising pain in older adults.
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| 16. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Born globals – presence, performance and prospects
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Business Review. - : Elsevier. - 0969-5931 .- 1873-6149. ; 28:1, s. 60-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept born global firms has gained a spectacular increase in interest from both academic and political circles. Rigorous quantitative treatment of born global firms are however rare in the international business/economics literature. Implementing unique data on all Swedish start-ups during 1998–2008 in the manufacturing sector, we conclude that born global firms are a very rare event, that their prevalence seems invariant to time, and that they perform similar to other matched “twin” firms with regard to profitability and productivity but report a considerably higher growth in employment and sales. These results are robust to a wider definition of born global firms and to the timing of performance measurements.
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| 17. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Employees' entrepreneurial human capital and firm performance
- 2023
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Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 52:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce a new measure of human capital, defined as employees' former involvement in entrepreneurship. Such entrepreneurial human capital (EHC) complements traditional human capital measures accumulated through work experience and education. Using detailed longitudinal register data, we track the previous years of entrepreneurial experience for the population of employees in Swedish private sector firms. We provide evidence that higher EHC among employees is associated with significantly higher levels of firm productivity. The baseline result implies that a 10 % increase in employees being former entrepreneurs increases firm-level productivity by 3.9 %. Additionally, we provide evidence that heterogeneity in employees' previous entrepreneurial experience (e.g., the reason for entering and exiting entrepreneurship, type of venture, length of entrepreneurial experiences, and relatedness of technology) influences the impact of EHC on productivity. The results are shown to be robust to various estimation techniques, alternative definitions of EHC, and other performance measures. © 2022 The Authors
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| 18. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Labour market mobility, knowledge diffusion and innovation
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Economic Review. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0014-2921 .- 1873-572X. ; 123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Utilising a unique Swedish matched employer–employee dataset, which has been pooled with firm-level patent application data, we provide new evidence that knowledge workers’ mobility has a positive and strongly significant impact on firm innovation output, as measured by firm patent applications. The effect is statistically and economically highly significant for knowledge workers who have previously worked in a patenting firm (the learning-by-hiring effect), whereas only limited impact could be detected for firms losing knowledge workers (the learning-by-diaspora effect). No effects were detected for inexperienced university graduates. Finally, the effect is more pronounced when the joining worker originates from within the same region. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
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| 19. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus, 1953-
(författare)
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The Relation Between Firm-Specific Intangibles and Exports
- 1996
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Ingår i: Economics Letters. - 0165-1765 .- 1873-7374. ; 53:2, s. 213-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main issue addressed in this paper concerns the relationship between firms' endowments in intangible proprietary assets and their export performance. The impact of investments in foreign production capacity on exports is taken into account in the empirical analysis.
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| 20. |
- Burdakov, Oleg, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Multipoint secant and interpolation methods with nonmonotone line search for solving systems of nonlinear equations
- 2018
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Ingår i: Applied Mathematics and Computation. - : Elsevier. - 0096-3003 .- 1873-5649. ; 338:1, s. 421-431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multipoint secant and interpolation methods are effective tools for solving systems of nonlinear equations. They use quasi-Newton updates for approximating the Jacobian matrix. Owing to their ability to more completely utilize the information about the Jacobian matrix gathered at the previous iterations, these methods are especially efficient in the case of expensive functions. They are known to be local and superlinearly convergent. We combine these methods with the nonmonotone line search proposed by Li and Fukushima (2000), and study global and superlinear convergence of this combination. Results of numerical experiments are presented. They indicate that the multipoint secant and interpolation methods tend to be more robust and efficient than Broyden’s method globalized in the same way.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Edvinsson, Sören, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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The practice of birth control and historical fertility change : Introduction
- 2010
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Ingår i: The History of the Family. - : Elsevier. - 1081-602X .- 1873-5398. ; 15:2, s. 117-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This introduction discusses the contributions in the special issue. The articles present results concerning the practice of birth control, mainly at the family level. They represent different analytical approaches where both interviews, letters, surveys and micro-level data have been used. The European fertility decline has made a fundamental change to the societies in the 20th and 21st centuries. Birth control spreads rapidly. Research in this field requires both qualitative and quantitative studies, where both approaches contribute to different perspectives on the transition. The articles in the issue discuss several themes in relation to birth control, of which three are developed in the introduction. These are gender and fertility, gender and health and finally how to control fertility. The presented results demonstrate the importance of including gender in the analyses of the fertility decline. A gender perspective makes it natural to consider historical persons as agents. It is also necessary to acknowledge that we should not treat the married couple as a single unit. They may have conflicting interests, something that several of the articles illustrate. One aspect we would like to emphasize is how health problems can influence the will to have more children and this affects birth control. This is a theme that in different forms is taken up by several of the authors. Finally, families practiced birth control with several different methods that also changed throughout the married years, thus demonstrating a flexibility that is often overlooked in conventional methods for the analysis of fertility.
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| 23. |
- Eriksson, Anders, 1953-
(författare)
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Criteria for optimality in movements
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomechanics. - 0021-9290 .- 1873-2380. ; 39:s1, s. S54-S54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 24. |
- Eriksson, Anders, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Engineering computational technology
- 2007
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Ingår i: Advances in Engineering Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0965-9978 .- 1873-5339. ; 38:11-12, s. 723-725
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 25. |
- Fiedler, Heidelore, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Case study of a highly dioxin contaminated sports field : Environmental risk assessment and human exposure
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 43:3, s. 217-227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Copper slag, containing high levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) was used as covering material of a community sports field. This led to a contamination up to 40 000 fold in comparison to background concentrations in soils. Levels and patterns of dioxins found in sediments of a nearby river proved a translocation of contaminated copper slag, while slightly elevated dioxin levels found in soil from nearby house gardens could not be attributed to the sports field as the source of dioxins.The annual flux of dioxins and furans to the environment was estimated using worst-case assumptions and the potential exposure of humans was deduced. Calculations of possible PCDD/PCDF-fluxes to the environment showed that only one major process - wind erosion - may have contributed to more than 90% of the total dioxin flux from the contaminated site to the surroundings, Based on PCDD/PCDF-exposure pathways for humans it was concluded that the PCDD/PCDF-content of the copper slag of the sports field did not pose a health hazard to athletes nor to the residents living in the neighbourhood.
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| 26. |
- Funk, Eva, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Patient-initiated breath-holds in MRI : an alternative for reducing respiratory artifacts and improving image quality
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical imaging. - : Elsevier. - 0899-7071 .- 1873-4499. ; 39:4, s. 619-622
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To investigate MRI image quality using two different breath-hold techniques.Materials and methods: Thirty patients remitted for MRI, 2D-dual gradient echo acquisition of the liver conducted two separate breath-hold acquisitions in randomized order, operator-instructed and patient-initiated. The images were reviewed by two radiologists.Results: There were no significant differences in image quality between the two breath-hold techniques either in overall image quality or respiratory motion artifacts. This assessment was equal and concordant for both radiologists.Conclusion: In terms of image quality, the patient self-initiated breath-hold was shown to be an equal alternative to conventional breath-hold imaging.
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| 27. |
- Funkesson, Kajsa, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Nurses' reasoning process during care planning taking pressure ulcer prevention as an example. A think-aloud study
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 44:7, s. 1109-1119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Nurses' clinical reasoning is of great importance for the delivery of safe and efficient care. Pressure ulcer prevention allows a variety of aspects within nursing to be viewed. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe both the process and the content of nurses' reasoning during care planning at different nursing homes, using pressure ulcer prevention as an example. Design: A qualitative research design was chosen. Settings: Seven different nursing homes within one community were included. Participants: Eleven registered nurses were interviewed. Method: The methods used were think-aloud technique, protocol analysis and qualitative content analysis. Client simulation illustrating transition was used. The case used for care planning was in three parts covering the transition from hospital until 3 weeks in the nursing home. Result: Most nurses in this study conducted direct and indirect reasoning in a wide range of areas in connection with pressure ulcer prevention. The reasoning focused different parts of the nursing process depending on part of the case. Complex assertations as well as strategies aiming to reduce cognitive strain were rare. Nurses involved in direct nursing care held a broader reasoning than consultant nurses. Both explanations and actions based on older ideas and traditions occurred. Conclusions: Reasoning concerning pressure ulcer prevention while care planning was dominated by routine thinking. Knowing the person over a period of time made a more complex reasoning possible. The nurses' experience, knowledge together with how close to the elderly the nurses work seem to be important factors that affect the content of reasoning. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 28. |
- Gerdle, Björn, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Criterion validation of surface EMG variables as fatigue indicators using peak torque : a study of repetitive maximum isokinetic knee extensions
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology. - 1050-6411 .- 1873-5711. ; 10:4, s. 225-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A number of studies have been published that have used variables of the electromyogram (EMG) power spectrum during dynamic exercise. Despite these studies there is a shortage of studies of the validity of surface EMG registrations during repetitive dynamic contractions with respect to fatigue. The aim of this study was to investigate if the surface EMG variables mean frequency (MNF [Hz]) and the signal amplitude (RMS [μV]) are valid indicators of muscular fatigue (defined as “any exercise-induced reduction in the capacity to generate force or power output”) during maximum repeated isokinetic knee extensions (i.e. criterion validity using peak torque).Twenty-one healthy volunteers performed 100 isokinetic knee extensions at 90° s-1. EMG signals were recorded from the vastus lateralis, the rectus femoris and the vastus medialis of the right thigh by surface electrodes. MNF and RMS of the EMG together with peak torque (PT [Nm]) were determined for each contraction. MNF showed consequently higher correlation coefficients with PT than RMS did. Positive correlations generally existed between MNF and PT. The majority of the subjects had positive correlations between RMS and PT (i.e. decreases both in PT and in RMS).In conclusion, at the individual level MNF generally — in contrast to RMS — showed good criterion validity with respect to biomechanical fatigue during dynamic maximum contractions.
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| 29. |
- Gerdle, Björn, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Firing rate and conduction velocity of single motor units in the trapezius muscle in fibromyalgia patients and healthy controls
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology. - : Elsevier. - 1050-6411 .- 1873-5711. ; 18:5, s. 707-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fibromyalgia is a common chronic pain condition in the population (2-4%), which often is associated with prominent negative consequences with respect to participation in daily activities. There are several reports in the literature concerning the effects of acute experimental pain on motor control. However, a more heterogeneous picture exists in the literature with respect to whether chronic pain conditions affect motor control. This study compares firing rate and conduction velocity (CV) of single motor units (MUs) in the trapezius muscle of fibromyalgia patients (FM) and healthy controls (CON). Multi-channel surface electromyography was used to estimate both MU firing rate and CV because this technique allows simultaneous estimation of both these variables and the measurements are easy and non-invasive. In this study, 29 FM and 30 CON subjects participated and performed isometric shoulder elevations using weights up to 4 kg. No significant differences in the firing rate of MUs in the trapezius muscle were found between the FM and CON groups (95% confidence interval was -1.9 and 1.3 pulses per second). There were no significant differences in CV between the groups at 1 and 2 kg load. However, the FM group had significantly higher CV in contractions without external load (p=0.004). We were unable to confirm the pain-adaptation model since no differences in firing rate between the two groups were found. CV was significantly higher in FM than in healthy controls; this might be due to alterations in histopathology and microcirculation.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Hult, Carl, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Timing of retirement and mortality : A cohort study of Swedish construction workers
- 2010
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347. ; 70:10, s. 1480-1486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies indicate that early retirement per se may have a negative effect on health to such an extent that it increases mortality risk. One type of early retirement often referred to in these studies is retirement with disability pension/benefit. Given the overall objective of disability benefit programmes - to help the disabled live socially and economically satisfactory lives, freed from exposure to employment health hazards and thus avoid further declines in health - the finding is challenging. This paper examined the relationship between timing of retirement and mortality using a cohort of Swedish construction workers. The mortality risk of disability pensioners - excluding those with diagnoses normally connected to increased mortality - was compared with the risk of those continuing to work. Although initial indications were in line with earlier results, it became obvious that the increased mortality risk of disability pensioners did not depend on early retirement per se but on poor health before early retirement not explicitly recognized in the diagnosis on which the disability pension rested. The results indicate that there are no general differences in mortality depending on timing of retirement. Future studies of mortality differences arising from working or not working must sufficiently control for health selection effects into the studied retirement paths.
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| 32. |
- Höjer, Ingrid, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Procedures when young people leave care : Views of 111 swedish social services mangers
- 2011
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Ingår i: Children and youth services review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0190-7409 .- 1873-7765. ; 33:12, s. 2452-2460:33, s. 2452 - 2460
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In western societies, there is a general tendency towards a protracted transition to adulthood for young people, who thereby may become increasingly dependent on support from family. Young people leaving a placement in out-of-home care often lack such support, and will thus have a disadvantageous position compared to their peers. With the purpose of looking into the procedures when young people leave a placement in out-of-home care, telephone interviews were performed with 111 managers of social service units in two Swedish regions (West Sweden, and Stockholm Region), using a structured interview schedule. Answering rate was 99.1%. Only 6% of the managers had information of the young people's whereabouts once they had left care. 86-88% had general support programmes for all young people concerning housing, employment etc. but only 2-4% had specific programmes for young people leaving care. A majority of the managers were attentive of the difficulties the young people leaving care may encounter, but displayed little awareness of the consequences of a prolonged transition to adulthood, and the need for continued support after leaving care. Several managers referred to the general support of the Swedish welfare state, meaning that young people leaving care had the same access to support as all other young people in Sweden. Consequently, young people leaving care are at risk of being invisible in the welfare system and facing a compressed transition to adulthood.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Karimipanah, Taghi, 1953-
(författare)
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Deflection of wall-jets in ventilated enclosures described by pressure distribution
- 1998
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 34:3, s. 329-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pressure field in fluid systems reflects the flow configuration. Measurements of the pressure along the perimeter of a slot ventilated room have been conducted for different room sizes. The momentum of the jet at the end of the room is decreased with increasing room length. The impingement region (region where the influence of the opposing wall is present) starts, independent of room size, when the distance from the supply device is about 70% of the room length. Corner flows could not be predicted by CFD using the linear eddy viscosity or standard stress models. However, these effects may be captured by using a second moment closure turbulence model with a new near wall approach now available in literature.
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| 35. |
- Karimipanah, Taghi, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of air quality, comfort parameters and effectiveness for two floor-level air supply systems in classrooms
- 2007
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 42:2, s. 647-655
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The method of distributing the outdoor air in classrooms has a major impact on indoor air quality and thermal comfort of pupils. In a previous study, ([11] Karimipanah T, Sandberg M, Awbi HB. A comparative study of different air distribution systems in a classroom. In: Proceedings of Roomvent 2000, vol. II, Reading, UK, 2000. p. 1013-18; [13] Karimipanah T, Sandberg M, Awbi HB, Blomqvist C. Effectiveness of confluent jets ventilation system for classrooms. In: Idoor Air 2005, Beijing, China, 2005 (to be presented).) presented results for four and two types of air distribution systems tested in a purpose built classroom with simulated occupancy as well as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling. In this paper, the same experimental setup has been used to investigate the indoor environment in the classroom using confluent jet ventilation, see also ([12] Cho YJ, Awbi HB, Karimipanah T. The characteristics of wall confluent jets for ventilated enclosures. In: Proceedings of Roomvent 2004, Coimbra, Portugal, 2004.) Measurements of air speed, air temperature and tracer gas concentrations have been carried out for different thermal conditions. In addition, 56 cases of CFD simulations have been carried to provide additional information on the indoor air quality and comfort conditions throughout the classroom, such as ventilation effectiveness, air exchange effectiveness, effect of flow rate, effect of radiation, effect of supply temperature, etc., and these are compared with measured data.
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| 36. |
- Karimipanah, Taghi, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Theoretical and experimental investigation of impinging jet ventilation and comparison with wall displacement ventilation
- 2002
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 37:12, s. 1329-1342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on evaluating the performance of a new impinging jet ventilation system and compares its performance with a wall displacement ventilation system. Experimental data for an impinging jet in a room are presented and non-dimensional expressions for the decay of maximum velocity over the floor are derived. In addition, the ventilation efficiency, local mean age of air and other characteristic parameters were experimentally and numerically obtained for a mock-up classroom ventilated with the two systems. The internal heat loads from 25 person-simulators and lighting were used in the measurements and simulations to provide a severe test for the two types of ventilation systems. In addition to a large number of experimental data CFD simulations were used to study certain parameters in more detail. The results presented here are part of a larger research programme to develop alternative and efficient systems for room ventilation.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Knutsson, Helena, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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From flint to quartz : Organization of lithic technology in relation to raw material availability during the pioneer process of Scandinavia
- 2016
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Ingår i: Quaternary International. - : Elsevier. - 1040-6182 .- 1873-4553. ; 424, s. 32-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Formal technologies and intensified reduction are often seen as responces to increased mobility and low abundance of lithic raw material of good flakeability and controllability. In this paper we discuss an alternative explanation to this hypothesis using the change in tool raw material experienced by flint using pioneers as they had to go from a formal blade technology to a simple flake technology as they settled in Scandinavia. The region is dominated by quartz and we used use-wear data as a means to evaluate the role of this type of raw material compared to the use profile of flint assemblages in the home territories of the pioneers. Although the technology changed through simplification and loss of formal production rules due to the low workability of quartz, we conclude that changes in the foraging range into areas of bad quality tool raw materials, does not need formalization of the technology. The quartz in our sample was used for a wide variety of activities in every aspect comparable to the range of uses identified in the contemporaneous blade assemblages based on flint. Instead of formalization of the lithic technology to cope with bad quality raw materials, it was diversified and simplified but without interfering with the organisational dimensions and design criteria of the bone technology.
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| 39. |
- Larsson, Ingbeth, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Teachers’ and parents’ reports on 3- to 6-year-old children’s sexual behavior : a comparison
- 2002
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Ingår i: International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect. - 0145-2134 .- 1873-7757. ; 26:3, s. 247-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The main purpose of the study was to compare observed range and frequency of sexual behavior in 3- to 6-year-olds in two different environments: the home and the daycare center. The study also aimed to investigate parental and staff opinions on child sexual behavior.Methods: Parents and daycare teachers of 185 preschool children, from different socio-economic housing areas, answered extensive questionnaires about each child’s sexual and general behavior. They were also asked about their own opinions on child sexual behavior.Results: Parents observed significantly more sexual behavior in their children at home compared to teachers’ observations at the daycare centers in all age groups, while teachers reported more general behavior problems. Significant gender differences on sexual behavior were displayed at the daycare centers but not at home. Rare behaviors at home were also very unusual at the daycare center. Parental and staff attitudes toward child sexuality were quite open, although 67% of the parents and 41% of the teachers never spoke to the children on sexual matters. One fifth of the adults used no term for genitals at all, and even fewer had a name for girls’ genitals.Conclusions: The findings indicate that young children explore their sexuality more at home than in settings with groups of children where the daily activities may be more structured and monitored. It enhances the importance of looking at the context in which the sexual behavior is taking place when investigating problematic sexual behavior.
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| 40. |
- Martin, Lene, 1953-
(författare)
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Computerized method to measure glare and contrast sensitivity in cataract patients
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of cataract and refractive surgery. - 0886-3350 .- 1873-4502. ; 25:3, s. 411-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To evaluate computerized methods for measuring glare sensitivity and visual acuity at 3 contrast levels in cataract patients. Setting: St. Erik's Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Methods: In a prospective study, 25 consecutive cataract patients meeting the inclusion criteria were examined before and 12 weeks after cataract surgery. Measured were glare sensitivity and visual acuity at 3 contrast levels using the Ophthimus Y-VA Contrast Sensitivity lest and Glare Test. Results: Preoperatively, ail patients had impaired values compared with those in a group of age-matched normal volunteers (control group). Postoperatively, median values were similar to those in the age-matched control group in all parameters except glare sensitivity, which was significantly higher in the pseudophakic group (P = .03). Correlation coefficients between preoperative visual acuity and contrast sensitivity at 90%, 25%, and 10% were 0.50 (P = .01), 0.53 (P = .006), and 0.45 (P = .02), respectively, and between preoperative visual acuity and preoperative glare difference, 0.45 (P = .02). A significant correlation was found between age and visual acuity in the control group at all contrast levels: 90% (r = 0.61, P = .0018 ), 25% (r = 0.52, P = .01), and 10% (r = 0.42, P = .04). Median differences between Y-VA examinations (repeatability) were 0 LogMAR except between examinations 1 and 2 at the 25% contrast level, where it was 0.3 LogMAR. Conclusion: The Ophthimus Y-VA Test and Glare Test were useful in the preoperative evaluation of patients with cataract and mild to moderate visual impairment.
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| 41. |
- Micheletti, Michele, 1953-
(författare)
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The Swedish Election of 1988
- 1989
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Ingår i: Electoral Studies. - 0261-3794 .- 1873-6890. ; :8, s. 169-174
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 42. |
- Niklasson, Gunnar, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochromic and Thermochromic Oxide Materials
- 2019
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Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 482, s. 70-72
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 43. |
- Nordström, Jan, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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A stable and conservative nonlinear interface coupling for the incompressible Euler equations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Applied Mathematics Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0893-9659 .- 1873-5452. ; 132
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy stable and conservative nonlinear weakly imposed interface conditions for the incompressible Euler equations are derived in the continuous setting. By discretely mimicking the continuous analysis using summation-by-parts operators, we prove that the numerical scheme is stable and conservative. The theoretical findings are verified by numerical experiments.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Westerberg, Kristina, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Municipal middle managers : psychosocial work environment in a gender-based division of labor
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Management. - : Elsevier. - 0956-5221 .- 1873-3387. ; 16:2, s. 189-208
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the reported study was to explore how 245 municipal middle managersperceived their psychosocial and physical work environments, and to examine psychosomaticreactions and job satisfaction in departments engaged in di!erent types of activity, also tocompare male and female managers in these respects. The way in which psychosomaticreactions and job satisfaction were related to the psychosocial and physical work environmentswas also investigated. The results indicated a di!erence between departments depending on thetype of activity. Departments concerned with care and education, i.e. care of the elderly, childcare and schools showed a tendency to lower values for psychosocial work environment factorsand more psychosomatic reactions than the departments geared more towards maintenanceand production, i.e. street maintenance, the power plant department and the recreation o$ce.In the departments concerned with children, female managers were in a majority. In the streetmaintenance department, the recreation o$ce and the power plant department, male managerspredominated. Compared to the men, the women had a higher level of education, lower salaries,more reactions of a psychosomatic nature, lower job satisfaction and a less satisfying psychosocialwork environment. The only department with an equal number of male and femalemanagers was the schools department. Here there were no di!erences between men and womenin the factors studied. Two partial correlations were computed in order to separate theimportance of type of activity and sex to the work environment factors and outcome variables.This indicated that the type of activity was more important than biological sex. The genderingof work activities is therefore also discussed and further investigations are suggested. ( 2000Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 47. |
- Östman, Bengt, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Coenzyme Q10 supplementation and exercise-induced oxidative stress in humans
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.). - : Elsevier BV. - 0899-9007 .- 1873-1244. ; 28:4, s. 403-417
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The theoretically beneficial effects of coenzyme Q10 (Q10) on exercise-related oxidative stress and physical capacity have not been confirmed to our knowledge by interventional supplementation studies. Our aim was to investigate further whether Q10 supplementation at a dose recommended by manufacturers influences these factors. Methods: Using a randomized, double-blind, controlled design, we investigated the effect on physical capacity of 8 wk of treatment with a daily dose of 90 mg of Q10 (n = 12) compared with placebo (n = 11) in moderately trained healthy men 19 to 44 y old. Two days of individualized performance tests to physical exhaustion were performed before and after the intervention. Primary outcomes were maximal oxygen uptake, workload, and heart rate at the lactate threshold. Secondary outcomes were creatine kinase, hypoxanthine, and uric acid. Results: No significant differences between the groups were discerned after the intervention for maximal oxygen uptake (-0.11 L/min, 95% confidence interval 0.31 to 0.08, P = 0.44), workload at lactate threshold (6.3 W, 13.4 to 25.9, P = 0.36), or heart rate at lactate threshold (2.0 beats/min, -4.9 to 8.9, P = 0.41). No differences between the groups were detected for hypoxanthine or uric acid (serum markers of oxidative stress) or creatine kinase (a marker of skeletal muscle damage). Conclusion: Although in theory Q10 could be beneficial for exercise capacity and in decreasing oxidative stress, the present study could not demonstrate that such effects exist after supplementation with a recommended dose.
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| 48. |
- Albinsson, Gunilla, Docent, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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In search of a caring relationship : nursing students' notions of interactions in the nurse-patient relationship
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nurse Education in Practice. - : Elsevier. - 1471-5953 .- 1873-5223. ; 50:January, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study is to explore how nursing students talks about their notions on interactions in the relationship between nurse and patient. Empirical data has been obtained from 22 students in their first semester of the Swedish undergraduate nursing programme, applying thematic, individual interviews and using qualitative content analyses. The most significant finding is that although the students had none or limited pre-understanding of caring and the interaction between nurse and patient they were aware of the pre-supposes for establishing such an interplay, articulated in a desire to find out how to build an authentic and trustful caring relationship. Empirical data also show that the students, in the stage of beginners, were trying to identify and relate to basic concepts within caring science. The restricted understanding could then be understood as a matter of the students not being able to express more than they had words for. The results provide new insights into the interactions in the nurse-patient relationship, seen from the perspective of beginner students. These insights could be useful, for lecturers and clinical supervisors, who play a paramount role in the development of each student's acquisition of theoretical and practical knowledge.
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| 49. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Degree of psychopathy : implications for treatment in male juvenile delinquents
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - Oxford : Pergamon Press. - 0160-2527 .- 1873-6386. ; 26:3, s. 301-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Longitudinal studies have consistently shown that psychopathy in adulthood has its roots in childhood. The psychopathy concept described by Cleckley (1976) involves interpersonal, affective, and behavioral aspects. Moreover, children who show low levels of anxiety respond more poorly to treatment. The aim of the present study was to assess psychopathy in 56 male juvenile delinquents with conduct disorder, treated in youth correctional institutions for severe offenders. We used a modified Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) that has been used for young people (Forth et al., 1990). Each participant received PCL-R assessments from one rater, based on the file information and an extensive interview. Twenty-eight participants (50%) were rated by the second rater. Both the ICC and Cohens’s kappa revealed that the PCL-R ratings were reliable: the ICC(2,1) of the PCL-R total scores was 0.90, F(27, 28) = 11.70, P < .0001; Cohen’s kappa = 0.64, P < .001. The final scores on the PCL-R showed that the base rate for psychopathy (defined as a score of 30 or more) in the sample was 59% (33 of 56 juvenile delinquents). The mean PCL-R total score for all 56 participants was 29.3 (S.D. = 7.8), and ranged between 12 and 40. The high rates of psychopathy found in juvenile delinquents with conduct disorder should alert clinicians to the necessity of psychopathy scoring, and shows that high-quality treatment programs are needed. Psychopathy is not currently considered when assessing and treating young people in state-administered observational and correctional institutions for juvenile delinquents in Sweden.
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| 50. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-
(författare)
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Differences between severely conduct-disordered juvenile males and normal juvenile males: the study of personality traits
- 1999
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 26:5, s. 827-845
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personality traits among a group of 47 severely conduct-disordered (C-D) juvenile males from four Swedish national correctional institutions for serious offences were studied. The Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-I), including an impulsivity scale from the Impulsiveness-Venturesomeness-Empathy (IVE) inventory, and the Zuckerman Sensation-Seeking Scales (SSS) form V, were administered to the C-D juveniles. The scores from the KSP for this group were compared to scores from a presentative group of 82 normal juvenile male subjects from the Swedish longitudinal research program Individual Development and Adaptation (IDA). Pearson product-moment correlations were calculated between the KSP scales and scales from the EPQ-I, and between the SSS and scales from the EPQ-I and KSP inventories. The C-D juveniles displayed notably higher scores than the mean normal scores on psychopathy-related personality scales. The present results are consistent with earlier findings concerning personality dimensions in adult criminal psychopaths: high scores on impulsivity and sensation seeking, and low scores on conformity reflected in low socialization and high psychoticism.
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