| 1. |
- Bergman, Astrid, et al.
(författare)
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Analytical traffic models for roundabouts with pedestrian crossings
- 2011
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 16, s. 697-708
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Roundabouts have become a more common type of intersection in Sweden over the last 30 years. In order to evaluate the roundabout level-of-service both analytical models and simulation models are being used. Analytical traffic models for intersections, such as the Swedish capacity model Capcal, has difficulties estimating the level-of-service of a roundabout if there are pedestrians and cyclists at crossings located close to the roundabout. It is well known that a crossing located after a roundabout exit can cause an up-stream blocking effect that affects the performance of the roundabout. But how the upstream blocking effect depends on the different flows of vehicles and pedestrians is not known. In this paper an existing analytical model by Rodegerdts and Blackwelder has been investigated and compared to simulations in VISSIM and measurements from Swedish roundabouts. The purpose of this investigation is to examine if the model by Rodegerdts and Blackwelder is suitable for implementing into existing analytical models such as Capcal. The results show that the model by Rodegerdts and Blackwelder can estimate if a capacity loss will occur, but the magnitude of this loss is more difficult to evaluate. The conclusion and recommendation is that the model by Rodegerdts and Blackwelder should be implemented into the Swedish capacity model Capcal. The model by Rodegerdts and Blackwelder is to be used as a warning system if the results in Capcal are too uncertain to use for analysis of the roundabout performance.
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| 2. |
- Olstam, Johan, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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A review of guidelines for applying traffic simulation to level-of-service analysis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0428. ; 16, s. 771-780
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microscopic traffic simulation is often used as an alternative or complementary tool to analytical methods and procedures for level-of-service analyses of road traffic facilities. The increased usage of traffic simulation for level-of-service analysis has raised a need for guidelines on how to apply and use traffic simulation models. Many countries have developed or are currently developing traffic simulation guidelines. This is also the case in Sweden, were the new Swedish highway capacity manual will include a chapter on traffic simulation. This paper presents a survey of the current traffic simulation guidelines in USA, Germany, UK, Denmark and Sweden. The guidelines have been analysed with respect to the aspects covered: when to apply simulation; the workflow of a simulation study; data collection needs; calibration and validation; experimental design; statistical analysis; and calculation of level-of-service measures. The guidelines analysed are focused on different aspects and none of them covers all of the topics listed above. Some of the guidelines are connected to specific simulation software packages and some are written in a more general manner. Most of the aspects covered are general and applicable in any country. The main reason for developing country specific guidelines is often a need for guidelines in the local language. Experimental design and statistical analysis are not treated extensively in the guidelines; neither do the guidelines discuss how to deal with calibration based on limited real world measurements. Calculation of level-of-service measures are quite extensively treated in some of the guidelines and to a little extent in others. All of the guidelines contain important contributions for the simulation chapter of the new Swedish highway capacity manual.
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| 3. |
- Andershed, Henrik, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Initial test of the new risk-need assessment instrument for youths with or at risk for conduct problems : ESTER-assessment
- 2010
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 5, s. 488-492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ESTER-assessment is a new assessment instrument for youths (0-18 years), and includes 19 empirically-derived risk and protective factors for conduct problems. This study tests the inter-rater reliability of the five-point rating scale used to assess the 19 factors in ESTER-assessment on 30 institutionalized girls and their file information. Exact agreement between raters varied from 38 to 72 percent on the 19 individual factors, a result much better than chance. Intra-class correlations of the two independent raters on the majority of the 19 individual factors were fair to good. In conclusion, the results lend support to the inter-rater reliability of ESTER-assessment.
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| 4. |
- Andershed, Henrik, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk-need assessment for youth with or at risk for conduct problems : introducing the assessment system ESTER
- 2010
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 5, s. 377-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces ESTER, a research based and computerized risk-need assessment system for youths (0-18 years) with or at risk for conduct problems. The ESTER-system includes a screening tool/questionnaire (ESTER-screening) and a professional structured risk-need assessment instrument (ESTER-assessment). This article briefly presents the background and purpose of ESTER, and the risk and protective factors assessed. It also illustrates how the computerized system effectively helps in presenting results of single as well as repeated assessments, assisting the practitioner in tailoring suitable interventions.
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| 5. |
- Andrée, Maria, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Recruiting the Next Generation Scientists and Industrial Engineers : How Industrial Actors Engage in and Motivate Engagement in STEM Initiatives
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 167, s. 75-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many different actors, including government, academy and industry, are engaged in school- and recruitment-STEM-initiatives. The aim is to shed light on industrial initiatives, what actors are involved and what different repertoires are being used when motivating engagement in STEM-initiatives. The data collected consists of web-materials where industrial actors describe their engagement in STEM-initiatives and provide reasons for their engagement. The method for analysis is discursive psychology. The results show that a variety of constellations of industrial actors are engaged in STEM-initiatives and that the initiatives draw on a variety of discursive resources. In our analysis we identify the following interpretative repertoires: 1) The securing competent labor repertoire, 2) The developing specific job skills or competences repertoire, 3) The bright future repertoire, and 4) The general increase interest in science repertoire. The results of this study may contribute to the self-reflection of industrial actors on how the choice of resources and repertoires may afford and constrain possibilities for breaking the cultural patterns of selection to STEM education.
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| 6. |
- Backlund, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Project Management Maturity Models – A Critical Review : A Case Study within Swedish Engineering and Construction Organizations
- 2014
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0428. ; 119, s. 837-846
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different kinds of project management maturity models (PM3s) exist today, most of them inspired by the capability maturity model (CMM) developed in the beginning of the 90ies, originally intended to measure capability in software development projects. Research indicates that organizations with higher project management (PM) maturity levels are expected to be successful in terms of project effectiveness and efficiency, and thus have a competitive advantage in the marketplace. Though, despite several PM3s developed during a time period of over 20 years, knowledge about how PM3s are a*pplied in organizations is sparse within the PM literature. This paper explores how major engineering and construction companies view PM maturity and PM3s in order to develop and improve their PM practices. These kinds of organizations are mainly project-intensive, objective oriented,and have the capabilities to perform overall business development initiatives, i.e. suitable for applying PM3s.The contribution of PM3s to organizational improvement and development is somewhat unclear. Therefore, a literature review highlights different aspects regarding PM3s, specifically their purpose, strengths, and weaknesses. To what extent PM3s are used, interviews have been conducted with seven respondents within different project intensive organizations, in their roles as project managers or in charge of PM development. How a PM3 can beintroduced and applied is explored via an in-depth case study at the major mining company in Sweden, LKAB. However, tentative results show that the application of PM3s in Swedish engineering and construction organizations are limited, indicating that further research is needed
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Behrends, Sönke, 1976
(författare)
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The Significance of the Urban Context for the Sustainability Performance of Intermodal Road-rail Transport
- 2012
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 54, s. 375-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to analyse the implications of the urban context for the sustainability performance of intermodal road-rail transport (IRRT). By calculating the external costs of a road transport and an intermodal alternative of consolidated cargo between a freight forwarder's consolidation terminals, the paper shows that the environmental benefits of a modal shift depend on the relative location of the intermodal terminal and shipper and receiver in the spatial structure. A careful integration of the intermodal terminal in the urban spatial structure is therefore a necessity if IRRT is to contribute to the sustainable development of the freight sector.
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| 9. |
- Behrends, Sönke, 1976
(författare)
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The urban context of intermodal road-rail transport - Threat or opportunity for modal shift?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proocedings of the 7th International Conference on City Logistics, 7-9 June 2011, Mallorca, Spain. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 39, s. 463-475
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Until recently, research did not pay much attention to the implications for intermodal road-rail transport (IRRT) arising from its urban context, and urban freight and IRRT are still handled as separate policy concerns. This paper examines the relationship between urban transport and IRRT with the goal of identifying possible actions on a local level to improve both the competitiveness and environmental benefits of rail freight. Based on a literature review of the stakeholders’ perspectives on urban freight transport, a framework for sustainable urban freight transport is developed and applied on IRRT. The results show that the urban context is a threat for further growth of rail freight since an increasing transport demand faces capacity constraints in urban areas. Local authorities can play a key role in enabling the required public-private cooperation on a local and regional level by involving all stakeholders in the strategic land-use and transport planning processes.
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| 10. |
- Bein, Thilo, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated Solutions for Noise & Vibration Control in Vehicles
- 2012
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 48, s. 919-931
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A strong issue on the development of new vehicles is the weight reduction, required for the reduction of the fuel consumption and the CO2 emissions. The current vehicles have already a structure optimised to have low weight without reducing the required performances. However, there are some components of the structure that can be further reduced in weight still matching the resistance, crash and fatigue performances, but giving a poor performance in terms of noise and vibrations and increasing both the structure-borne and air-borne sound transmission.In the European FP7 project Green City Car, flexible, integrated passive and active solutions are developed permitting noise and vibration attenuation in vehicles equipped with the next generation of highly fuel-efficient two- or three cylinder internal combustion engines (ICE). Among others, shunted piezoelectric patches and electro-magnetic actuation as well as smart Helmholtz resonators are considered. Additionally, dedicated active noise control systems for the control of broadband rolling noise are developed. Besides, Green City Car addresses and implements novel damping materials and acoustic treatments as well as design approaches for tyres which are an important acoustic source for exterior and interior noise. This holistic approach should lead to a reduction in noise and vibrations levels in the order of 10 dB(A) and more measurable in the city car provided (not on component level). Currently, Green City Car finished its second year and first results are presented and discussed in this paper.
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| 11. |
- Bergman, Inger, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching Organizational Project Management at Postgraduate Level
- 2014
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 119, s. 446-455
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- At postgraduate level, students expect more than basic project management education. Therefore a course called “Organisational Project Management” (OPM) was introduced in an international master's program in project management. The intention with the course was twofold: Firstly, to introduce OPM as a research field in organization theory; secondly, to prepare the students for working in a multi-project environment. In this paper we present how the course was designed to fulfill the students’ demands on an academic course at this level, while at the same time giving them practical experience of how OPM is implemented in the industry. Hence, the course is divided in a theoretical part presenting current theories in OPM, and a practical part, in which the students study how these theories and practices are applied in different companies. The students are working in a project spanning from initiation to closure, in which they prepare for and perform a maturity assessment of a company of their choice. The course has been run in six consecutive programs. From start, feedback from the students has shown that they consider the learning outcome very high and useful for their future work life. For some of the students, this is the first time that they have been provided an opportunity to discuss organizational issues and concepts such as project governance and project portfolio management with a manager in the industry. For students with work experience, the course has provided means to reflect on their previous work life.
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| 12. |
- Boe, O., et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of causal relatedness and uncertainty on integration of outcomes of concurrent decisions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 2nd Global Conference on Psychology Researches 28-29 November 2014 - University of Barcelona, Spain. - Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Bv. - 1877-0428. ; 190, s. 113-119
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose of Study: An experiment was conducted to investigate whether causally related outcomes of concurrent decisions are more frequently integrated than unrelated outcomes, and whether certain outcomes are more frequently integrated than uncertain outcomes. Method: Sixteen undergraduates in one group chose between buying means-end related and unrelated pairs of everyday consumer products, whereas 16 undergraduates in another group chose between lottery tickets with the consumer products as prizes. Findings and Results: The results indicated that both causal relatedness and uncertainty of outcomes of concurrent decisions affect integration. Conclusions: Means and ends were more often chosen when they were presented in the same sets of two concurrent decisions than when they were presented together with unrelated options or singly. The observed differences were smaller when choices were made between uncertain outcomes. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
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| 13. |
- Boe, O., et al.
(författare)
-
Failures to integrate causally related outcomes of concurrent decisions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 190(May). - Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Bv. - 1877-0428.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Problem statement: Sometimes concurrent decisions are not integrated. Purpose of study: An experiment was conducted to investigate whether causally related options of concurrent decisions are not evaluated and therefore not chosen although their combinations are more attractive than single options. In two concurrent decisions participants chose between buying means-end related and unrelated pairs of everyday consumer products. Method: Sixteen undergraduates in one group were sometimes forced to choose the end (or the means), whereas 16 undergraduates in another group were always free to choose the end and means. Findings and results: In the forced choices, participants chose the means or ends presumably because they attended to the additional benefits. Conclusions: However, when free to make both choices participants only chose the ends and means 22% of the time. 28% of the choices were made of only an end or a means, and 50% of the choices were made of two unrelated options. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 14. |
- Boe, O., et al.
(författare)
-
Loss sensitivity and integration of outcomes of concurrent risky decisions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences Procedia, 190(May). - Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Bv. - 1877-0428.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Problem statement: Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the loss-sensitivity principle extends to integration of the outcomes of two concurrent risky decisions. Purpose of Study: According to this principle, only expected loss outcomes of concurrent decisions would be integrated. Method: A total of 96 undergraduates participated in two experiments. Findings and Results: The results of Experiment 1 showed consistent with the loss sensitivity principle that a prior outcome was integrated with the expected loss outcome of a current decision. However, there was no evidence for integration of the expected loss outcomes of two concurrent decisions. A possible explanation implying that outcomes are ignored if they have not yet occurred was followed up in Experiment 2 where participants were offered bonuses to increase their sensitivity either to gains or losses. An effect of bonus was observed but again there was no evidence for integration of the outcomes of concurrent decisions. Conclusion: Although confirmed in several previous experiments when choices were made between mixed bets with both gain and loss outcomes, whether the loss-sensitivity principle extends to integration of prior outcomes when choices are made between losses or between gains was also questioned by the results.
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| 15. |
- Browne, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparative Assessment of the Light Goods Vehicles Fleet and the Scope to Reduce its CO2 Emissions in the UK and France
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 125, s. 334-344
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Light goods vehicles (vans) are an important and growing part of road traffic in the UK and France, especially in urban areas. Given the continued growth in van traffic it seems timely to consider the reasons for this growth and the scope for carbon dioxide (CO2) reductions. By comparing growth patterns and CO2 reduction opportunities in two countries it is possible to identify some of the most important directions for policy. In each country analysis is presented of the van fleet, its annual average distance travelled, fuel consumption and CO2 emissions.
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| 16. |
- Dobreva, Antoaneta, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring and Evaluation in Machine Science and Design Education, based upon Diagnostic Research
- 2013
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Ingår i: Procedia Social and Behavioral Science. - Brussels : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; , s. 1190-1194
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interests and expectations of the students at Ruse University, Bulgaria in the area of Machine Science and Design are important for the lecturers delivering those subjects. The problem statement is connected with the identification of the challenges for academic staff. The purpose of the study is to improve the quality of education by analyzing the students’ assessment of the study process. Empirical and theoretical methods are used during the research. A method of inquiry based upon online assessment and a diagnostic method are introduced. The results are processed automatically. The results obtained are summarized and critically analyzed.
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| 17. |
- Dobrovol'skij, Dmitrij, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Entrenched Lexical Patterns : The Russian Construction rho mom-mo u rho ecb N
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 206, s. 18-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary theoretical goal of the present study is to verify a hypothesis that fixedness of word combinations is notnecessarily connected with non-compositionality. Many constructions formed in accordance with the rules governing the cooccurrenceof their elements can nevertheless be retained in memory as separate units. Using large text corpora for theempirical data we are going to analyze the type of construction в том-то и весь N (that’s /just the whole N) which is realizedin a wide variety of tokens and demonstrate that some tokens of the construction can be so frequent that they can beconsidered to be cognitively entrenched units and are preserved in memory as separate units of the language. Such unitsshould be described as separate items of the lexicon. The practical task of the investigation is to refine our notions about thestructural peculiarities of в том-то и весь N (that’s /just/ the whole N) and its variant в том-то весь и N (that’s /just/ thewhole N).a We are also going to identify some regularities of distribution of fillers of the slot N in both variants of theconstruction and formulate corresponding rules for such distribution.
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| 18. |
- Dozza, Marco, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Recognizing Safety-critical Events from Naturalistic Driving Data
- 2012
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 48, s. 505-515
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- New trends in research on traffic accidents comprehend Naturalistic Driving Studies (NDS). NDS are based on largescale data collection of driver, vehicle, and environment information in realtraffic. NDS datasets have proven to be extremely valuable for the analysis of safetycritical events such as crashes and nearcrashes. However finding safetycritical events in NDS data may be difficult and timeconsuming. Safetycritical events are currently individuated using kinematic triggers (e.g. searching for deceleration below a certain threshold signifying harsh braking). Due to the low sensitivity and specificity of this filtering procedure, manual review of video data is –to date– necessary to decide whether the events individuated by the triggers are actually safetycritical. Such reviewing procedure is based on subjective decisions, is time, and is often tedious for the analysts. This study tested the hypothesis that automatic processing of driver video information could increase the correct classification of safetycritical events from kinematic triggers in naturalistic driving data. Review of about 400 videos from the triggered events collected by 100 Volvo cars in the euroFOT project, suggested that driver's individual reaction may be the key to discriminate safetycritical events. In fact, whether an event is safetycritical or not often depends on the individual driver. A few algorithms, able to automatically classify driver reaction from video data, have been compared. The results presented in this paper show that the stateofart subjective reviewprocedures to individuate safetycritical events from NDS can benefit from automated objective videoanalysis. In addition, this paper discusses the major challenges in making such a videoanalysis viable for future NDS.
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| 19. |
- Edvardsson, Ingi Runar, et al.
(författare)
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The Benefits of Knowledge Management in Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises
- 2013
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0428. ; 81, s. 351-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of our paper is to review extant research to identify what we know about the benefits of knowledge management for small and medium-sized enterprises. The following research questions were formulated according to this aim: 1) What kind of studies have been conducted that focus on benefits of KM within SMEs? 2) What were the main findings of the studies? We propose an approach of literature review in order to understand knowledge benefits for SMEs; a poorly understood area of stud y to date. The few studies identified highlight employee development, innovation, customer satisfaction and organisational success as areas where small and medium-sized businesses benefit from KM activities.
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| 20. |
- Ek, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Named Entity Recognition for Short Text Messages
- 2011
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Ingår i: Computational Linguistics and Related Fields. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 27, s. 178-187
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a named entity recognition (NER) system for short text messages (SMS) running on a mobile platform. Most NER systems deal with text that is structured, formal, well written, with a good grammatical structure, and few spelling errors. SMS text messages lack these qualities and have instead a short-handed and mixed language studded with emoticons, which makes NER a challenge on this kind of material. We implemented a system that recognizes named entities from SMSes written in Swedish and that runs on an Android cellular telephone. The entities extracted are locations, names, dates, times, and telephone numbers with the idea that extraction of these entities could be utilized by other applications running on the telephone. We started from a regular expression implementation that we complemented with classifiers using logistic regression. We optimized the recognition so that the incoming text messages could be processed on the telephone with a fast response time. We reached an F-score of 86 for strict matches and 89 for partial matches. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of PACLING Organizing Committee.
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| 21. |
- Engström, Susanne
(författare)
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Female Students Who Succeed within Higher Technical Education : When and Why They Choose and Who They Are
- 2015
-
Ingår i: XVI INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION SYMPOSIUM (IOSTE BORNEO 2014). - : Elsevier BV. ; 167, s. 161-169
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of interest for and knowledge in technology and natural science among students can in Sweden be traced in political documents and in media debate. An increased need for female students in technical universities is stressed as well. Higher technical education is facing large dropouts and difficulties, including for female students. This study focuses on the female students who succeed in civil engineering programmes in Sweden, when and why they choose and who they are? Data were collected through a questionnaire sent out to all female students enrolled on civil engineering programmes during term 7 (of 10 terms) in Sweden in 2012. By using the Bourdieu's theory and the concept of capital, the study aims to find out who the female civil engineering student seems to be. In total 411 students answered the questionnaire. The questionnaire answers were analysed with SPSS both for descriptions (frequencies and cross tabulation) and classification (cluster analysis) and the aim was to detect different patterns within the material. From the material it is possible to describe the majority of female students on civil engineering programmes, but also to detect four different female student profiles. The research questions will be answered by analysing and discussing patterns detected in the questionnaire answers.
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| 22. |
- Enochsson, Ann-Britt, 1956-
(författare)
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Who benefits from synchronous online communication? : A comparison of face-to-face and synchronous online interviews with children
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0428. ; 28, s. 15-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is based on experiences from three different research projects in which both face-to-face (f2f) and synchronous online (IM) interviews were used, and it discusses what different media can mean to different respondents. The interviewees were between 10 and 16 years old. The analyses were made from transcripts of 25 f2f interviews and 23 IM interviews. The flow of the dialogue and the amount of words used has been analysed. The answers were longer in f2f interviews, but in f2f interviews the boys had the longest answers, and in the IM interviews the girls wrote the longest answers.
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| 23. |
- Eriksson, Ida, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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What we know and need to know about factors that protect youth from problems : a review of previous reviews
- 2010
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0428. ; 5, s. 477-482
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this article is twofold: 1) To review previous research reviews concerning which factors that have been identified as protecting youth from externalizing and internalizing problem behavior, and 2) To suggest key areas of focus for future research. From the 30 identified reviews, it is clear that there is a quite extensive list of factors that can be considered protective for youth. However, from this review of reviews, it is also clear that many important questions remain unanswered. We list a number of areas within the field that deserve further attention in future research.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Grumert, Ellen, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Impacts of a Cooperative Variable Speed Limit System
- 2012
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0428. ; 43, s. 595-606, s. 595-606
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Variable Speed Limit Systems (VSLS) where variable message signs show speed limits based on, for example,traffic volume or road conditions exists on motorwaysin many countries. The purpose of the VSLS is to decrease the number of accidents and to increase traffic efficiency. Cooperative systems are a type of intelligent transport system that has received increasing interest lately. The central part of a cooperative system is communication between vehicles and/or vehicles and the infrastructure. In this paper, a cooperative systems extension of a VSLS is proposed and evaluated by means of traffic simulation. By adding cooperative systems functionality to an existing VSLS there is a potential for further increase in traffic efficiency and also to reduce the environmental impacts of the traffic on the road. In the proposed cooperative VSLS, communication between the vehicles and the infrastructure is made available via a roadside unit communicating the speed limits to vehicles upstream on the road. The results of the study show that the cooperative VSLS has a potential to contribute to flow harmonization and to reduce environmental impacts.
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| 26. |
- Gustafsson, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Have Computer - Will Travel : A Discourse Analysis of a 1:1 Initiative in Upper Secondary School.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 141:0, s. 182-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the presented study is to investigate how teachers and students renegotiate their positions within a pedagogical discourse where problems and possibilities are manifested through the new artifact, the personal computer. The sample consists of teachers and students at an upper secondary school in Sweden where all students have been provided with a personal laptop by their school. Information has been collected by the use of semi-structured interviews. The analysis mainly draws on Laclau & Mouffe’s theories of how subjects create discourses through articulations and then investigate qualitative differences between interviewees. The results indicate that teachers actively include some specific meanings of the computer while others are excluded. A recurring feature of this was the conflict of old and new practices with the introduction such as the perceived conflict between computers and textbooks. This relation remained controversial among teachers. The students had to negotiate the teachers’ definition of the computer because of the power relations, even though they could account for a far wider and more reflexive stance towards the potential of the computer.
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| 27. |
- Gustafsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Teachers' View of Sustainable Development in Swedish Upper Secondary School
- 2015
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Ingår i: XVI INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION SYMPOSIUM (IOSTE BORNEO 2014). - : Elsevier BV. ; 167, s. 7-14
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden the importance of sustainable development (SD) can be traced in political documents from the fundamental law down to the curriculum for different school levels. To investigate how this political objective is demonstrated in knowledge and activities among the teachers, eleven upper secondary school teachers from different subjects have been interviewed to map out their views of SD, their own beliefs and how they teach SD. The interviews have been analysed in terms of content with the Knowledge - Value - Practice model as theoretical frame. The results showed that among the interviewed teachers there existed a spectrum of views of what SD stands for, from a narrow view to a well-developed view. There were also differences in their teaching practice. All teachers stated that teaching for SD is of great importance and that they all did it in terms of their own personal definition. All of them also pointed out that even if the steering documents present SD as important, the local management of the issue is weak. The differences between the teachers' view of SD and the weak local management generate a fundamental problem. Depending on the teachers' own definition and content choice the pupils may get different content knowledge, perhaps not even consistent with the recognized definition of sustainable development. The schools cannot therefore be said to give the pupils an equal education in the area of SD.
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| 28. |
- Gustafsson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic citizens' views on traffic safety
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0428. ; 48, s. 373-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Even though traffic safety is very high in the Nordic countries, there are still too many people who die or are severely injured. The Nordic Road Safety Council conducted a questionnaire survey with the purpose to find differences between member countries in inhabitants’ behavior and attitudes in relevant traffic safety fields.The survey focused on speed, driving under the influence of alcohol, use of safety belt, mobile phone use, fatigue, use of bicycle helmets and child restraint systems. Around 5000 people aged 18-74 years old answered the questionnaire. Some of the similarities and differences that were found between the countries are presented. This paper focuses on behavior and attitudes towards speed, drunk driving, and safety belt use.
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| 29. |
- Gök, Sibel, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Perceived Supervisor Support and Organizational Identification in Job Satisfaction
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0428. ; 177, s. 38-42
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate the role of perceived supervisor support and organizational identification in job satisfaction among Turkish medical secretaries. The data were collected using a questionnaire form among a convenience sample of 549 secretaries working in various private hospital settings located in Istanbul. Job satisfaction was found to be positively correlated with perceived supervisor support and organizational identification partially mediated this relationship. Thus, having a supportive relationship with the supervisor increased job satisfaction, and organizational identification was found as a significant component of this relationship.
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| 30. |
- Ho, Quan, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of a Flow Map Demonstrator for Analyzing Commuting and Migration Flow Statistics Data
- 2011
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0428. ; 21, s. 157-166
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interest for statistics visualization is emerging with the rise of geovisual analytics on the internet. National and sub-national statistics foundations have started to migrate from tabular representations to interactive web-enabled visualizations that can show trends. Interactive web-enable visualizations for movement data (or flow data) such as trade flows or commuting flows, however, are still rare. This paper covers spatial interactions and animation for a wide variety of realized movements of people such as commuting and migration between an origin and a destination visually expressed by directed weighted arrows over a geographic space. The paper is built around an interactive flow map demonstrator that can interactively explore and communicate large spatio-temporal and multivariate statistical flow datasets using bidirectional flow arrows where both in-coming and out-going flows can be clearly shown coordinated and linked with a choropleth map, histogram or parallel coordinates plot. The demonstrator is implemented with low-level components from our geovisual analytics toolkit GAV Flash designed with the intention to shorten the time and effort needed to develop customized web-enabled interactive visualization applications such as the introduced flow map application.
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| 31. |
- Holguín-Veras, J, et al.
(författare)
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The New York City Off-hour Delivery Project: Lessons for City Logistics
- 2014
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 125, s. 36-48
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper identifies and discusses the fundamental tenets that should guide planning and implementation of City Logistics projects, and the chief lessons learned from the off-hours delivery project conducted in New York City.
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| 32. |
- Holmgren, Johan, 1977-
(författare)
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Urban structure as determinant of short distance goods transport
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0428. ; 39, s. 582-591
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, data on short distance goods transports is analysed in order to determine if variations in the amounts of goods generated could be explained by geographical and demographical variables. The main purpose is to see if the urbanization and concentration of economic activities has resulted in higher efficiency in the production process, thereby severing the link between increased economic activity and increased transport volumes. The study uses yearly data on freight transport made by truck in 21 Swedish counties between 2000 and 2009, making the number of observations 210. The final model estimated show that after taking geographical and demographical factors into account there is a negative relationship between economic activity and volume of goods transported. This indicates that it is possible to achieve economic growth without necessarily having to accept higher levels of goods transported locally.
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| 33. |
- Holmgren, Robert
(författare)
-
Preparations for practical exercises in vocational education : Can ICT-based distance instruction be an alternative to face-to-face instruction? An empirical contribution
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0428. ; , s. 1152-1161
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article about preparation for practical exercises in firefighter education, comparisons were made between ICT-supported preparation in distance education and preparation supported by face-to-face instruction in on-campus education, with regard totheir impact on students’ reflection and learning processes and implementation of exercises. Data was collected in two studies through interviews with students and instructors from both educations. The results showed that distance students with ICTsupported preparation took a greater responsibility for their studies and reflected more on course content and their own learning, compared to students with face-to-face instruction as preparation. Distance students were also better prepared for exercises on campus. However, interaction and collaboration occurred to a lesser degree among distance students.
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| 34. |
- Karim, Hawzheen, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of Injury Rates Associated with Road Barrier Collisions
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0428. ; 48, s. 52-63, s. 52-63
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a study aimed at quantifying and comparing the risk of personal injuries associated with road barrier collisions. Documented data from actual barrier collisions, including post-impact collisions, in Sweden between 2005 and 2008 were analyzed. The analyses were based on the injury classification made by healthcare services. The injury rates, measured in number of injuries per vehicle kilometer travelled, were calculated for the different injury classes as a basis for evaluating barrier performance. The results show that the rate of injuries was higher due to collisions with flexible barrier systems, such as cable barrier, than with other semi-rigid and rigid barrier system, such as w-beam and concrete barriers. This result might be explained by a high rate of post-impact events, such as post-impact collisions, roll-overs and over-rides, associated with the placement and mechanical properties of the cable barriers. The study also showed a considerable difference in injury classifications made by the police and the healthcare services, as well as a considerable under-reporting of barrier collisions by the police.
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| 35. |
- Karlsson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessment and Support? : AiR - A Pilot Project on Support Systems for Innovation in Automation Industry
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various methods to assess innovation are used in companies and organizations. Audits provide little support for day to day use and few explicitly address how companies can benefit from the audit results in terms of e.g. how to learn, formulate goals and operationalization. Based on a concrete example, this paper explores how innovation assessment can be considered a tripartite audit process designed to support learning and give an increased cultural support for innovation. In the paper the audit process will be discussed from the perspectives of what, who and how. 'What' address the tool and assessment area, 'who' focus on the people that participates in the assessment process and 'how' on the very assessment execution. The awareness of the notion 'innovation' among the 70 industrial companies in the Automation Region Network in mid-Sweden are typically low, and as a response to that a pilot study project Automation Innovation Region (AiR) started in 2012 to develop support for innovation. During one year 2014/2015, employees in five companies (N=44) participated in the study. The project developed a process, AiR Innowatch (Innowatch), combining a photo-based workshop on innovation, three workshops with themes on innovation climate, a web based weekly assessment tool, and a quarterly survey. The tools focus on innovation culture (what), the process highlights reflection, learning and integration (how) on assessment results from the perspective of individual, group and organisational (who) perspective. The goal was to design a learning based audit process that supports the companies to independently continue their work for increased innovativeness after the formal assessment process. This paper present the tools developed and the results from the pilot study as a base for discussion on auditing as a tool that supports learning and development of an organisational culture for increased innovativeness in established organisations.
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| 36. |
- Koch, Christian, 1958, et al.
(författare)
-
Let the grunts do it! - studying the embedding of a multidisciplinary master education in an educational institution
- 2016
-
Ingår i: 2nd International Conference on Higher Education Advances (HEAd), Valencia, SPAIN, JUN 21-23, 2016. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 228, s. 257-264
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite much attention interdisciplinary educations still struggle to make full foothold in higher education. This paper study how an interdisciplinary master education can become embedded in education institutions. Educational research and institutional theory is used to conceptualise the interdisciplinary aspect and institutional change work. The case, Innokick, is a new education introduced in Switzerland. The education recruit engineers, business economists, and design bachelors. Cross disciplinary collaboration is central in the education as is close encounter with external enterprises and organisations that provide tasks for the students. The students develop prototypes of applications, products, a business model and business plan. The research fieldwork encompassed interviews, study of documentation and participants' observation. The study show how relatively low rank employees, the grunts, is left with realizing a strategy of making cross disciplinary, cross institutional and research based education. In an entrepreneurial spirit the first semester showed how a strong culture developed yet many aspect under construction. Challenges include tightening the interdisciplinary teachers' team, overcoming mono-disciplinary cultures at the involved education institutions, strengthening research and future employment for the students of the master. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open acess article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
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| 37. |
- Koutsopoulos, Haris N., et al.
(författare)
-
Preface
- 2011
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1877-0428. ; 16, s. 1-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 38. |
- Lemmen, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of integrated vehicle safety systems for improved vehicle safety
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 48, s. 1632-1641
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Road safety is a major societal issue. In 2009, more than 35,000 people died on the roads of the European Union, i.e. the equivalent of a medium town, and no fewer than 1,500,000 persons were injured. The cost for society is huge, representing approximately 130 billion Euros in 2009. In view of this the European road safety policy orientations up to 2020 new technologies that have high potential to improve road safety should be promoted. This includes Integrated Safety Systems (ISS) like pre-crash systems with collision warning or autonomous vehicle actions. For such systems it is stated that “Accelerated deployment and broad market take-up of such safety enhancing applications needs to be supported in order for their full potential to be unleashed”. The ASSESS project is directly responding to this by developing test and assessment procedures for the evaluation of pre-crash systems. Methods are being developed for driver behavioural aspects, pre-crash sensing performance and crash performance under conditions influenced by pre-crash driver and vehicle actions. The gained know-how will be implemented in proposals for test and assessment procedures that will be evaluated on the basis of actual systems currently offered to the market. The ASSESS project started in July 2009. This paper presents results achieved during the first two years of the project including activities on test scenario definition, test tool development and first test results on driver behavioural aspects and pre-crash performance evaluation.
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| 39. |
- Linder, Astrid, 1959, et al.
(författare)
-
ADSEAT - Adaptive Seat to Reduce Neck Injuries for Female and Male Occupants
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 48, s. 1907-1922
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neck injuries due to low severity vehicle crashes are of worldwide concern and the risk is higher for females than for males. The objective of ADSEAT is to provide guidance on how to evaluate the protective performance of vehicle seat designs aiming to reduce the incidence of neck injuries for female and male occupants. The main achievements are: reviewing injury risk, establishing anthropometric data of an average female, performing dynamic volunteer tests comprising females and males, developing a finite element model of an average female and performing sled tests with a scaled down male dummy.
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| 40. |
- Lindholm, Maria, 1979
(författare)
-
A sustainable perspective on urban freight transport: Factors affecting local authorities in the planning procedures
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences; 6th International Conference on City Logistics; Puerto Vallarta; 30 June 2009 through 2 July 2009. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 2:3, s. 6205-6216
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Freight transport has a minor role in transport planning procedures in most cities, although freight transport operations represent a substantial proportion of emissions. The focus in this research is the local authority perspective of sustainable urban freight transport and the aim is to contribute to the understanding of how freight transport affects the urban environment and how awareness and knowledge within the local authority effects the urban freight transport situation. The analysis is based on four studies: a literature study, a review of transport in three cities via in-depth interviews, a review of freight in four cities via in- depth interviews and finally a review of freight in all Swedish cities via a questionnaire survey. Three aspects are considered throughout the research: the sustainability concept, knowledge and awareness as well as barriers and drivers. The results confirm that knowledge and awareness in the area of urban freight transport is low, which generates a low level of interest in the subject and makes it hard to predict outcomes of certain actions. The implication for local authorities is that the issue of urban freight transport should gain a higher priority on the agenda.
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| 41. |
- Lindholm, Maria, 1979
(författare)
-
How Local Authority Decision Makers Address Freight Transport in the Urban Area
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 39, s. 134-145
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Freight transport in urban areas is not as efficient as it could be. Since freight transport has a large proportion of emissions from traffic, this is an area that needs to be addressed by all actors involved. Freight transport has in recent years gained a more important role in urban planning in large cities in Europe. However, the medium and small cities also need to address the problem in the decision making process. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate how Swedish small and medium-sized cities deal with urban freight transport and to frame the problem of urban freight transport planning from a local authority perspective. Interviews with and questionnaires to decision makers are the basis for the evaluation of the possibilities for countering the challenge. City logistic schemes implemented in a large city are not always suitable for a smaller city and maybe not even for another city of the same size. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. A process planning model is presented based on the results, which is a practical tool for local authority decision makers in their planning process, but it is also a theoretical contribution, valuable for future research in urban freight transport planning studies.
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| 42. |
- Lindholm, Maria, 1979
(författare)
-
Successes and Failings of an Urban Freight Quality Partnership – The Story of the Gothenburg Local Freight Network
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 125, s. 125-135
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Freight Quality Partnerships (FQPs) for urban areas have gained interest during the last decade, as a way of including stakeholders in the discussions of freight problems and possible solutions. However, there is little knowledge of how those FQPs succeed. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the partnerships can be developed over time, identifying problems and how they have been handled in order to be overcome as well as what experiences that could be transferred to other cities. This paper is presented as a narrative of a specific urban freight quality partnership, namely the one in Gothenburg, Sweden. The research is based on document analysis, interviews, a survey and a workshop amongst participants of the partnership as well as on participation at regular partnership meetings. Results suggest that the partnership approach is valuable in creating a good urban freight environment as well as for discussing potential solutions to specific problems. However, to gain good results from the partnership and the necessary long-term perspective, the partnership demands time and careful effort by the management in order to develop the partnership as well as to maintain interest amongst its stakeholders. Other cities are recommended to use a partnership approach in order to create good cooperation between freight stakeholders on a long-term basis, and in order to find possible solutions to urban freight problems that avoid sub-optimisation.
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| 43. |
- Lindqvist, Anna
(författare)
-
How is Commercial Gender Categorization of Perfumes Related to Consumers Preference of Fragrances?
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 65, s. 370-374
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On the commercial market, most perfumes are categorized as either feminine or masculine, although the odour quality of feminine and masculine odours are overlapping and constitute a dimension rather than two separate clusters of odours. Earlier research has shown that typical perfume consumers tend to prefer perfumes positioned in the middle of this gender-dimension. The current study investigates the preference of perfumes from the middle of the gender-dimension while these are applied on human skin. The blindfolded participants indicated if they wanted to use the fragrance and if they wanted their partner to use the perfume, and tried to guess the gender of the person each perfume was applied. Results show that the gender of the human did not affect the preference. Moreover, the preference did not differ between female and male participants, indicating that the commercial gender categorization is less important to the perfume consumers. Consequently, the commercial gender categories do not seem to be sufficient for all perfumes. Instead, the categorization of perfumes could be according to other aspects, e.g. according to odour quality.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Manzoor, Ayesha
(författare)
-
Level of shyness among the public and private schools adolescents (13-18 Years) : A comparative study
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0428. ; 217:5, s. 858-866
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between levels of shyness among the adolescents (13-18 years) of public and private schools were investigated in the present study. 120 students studying in different grades from public and private schools in Islamabad (Pakistan) were selected by Random sampling technique. It was hypothesized that levels of shyness among the adolescents of private and public school is different. To measure the levels of shyness, the McCroskey Shyness scale was administered on the sample. Data was analyzed by applying t-test for independent samples and hypothesis was not supported because there is no significant difference found between levels of shyness among the public and private schools adolescents. The research presents evidence that there is no impact of schooling system on shyness levels of adolescents but shy adolescents are less likely to participate in communication and classroom activities or ask questions when they need help with schoolwork. They greatly suffer from social anxiety.
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| 46. |
- Mattsson, Jan-Eric, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
-
How to teach evolution
- 2015
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 167, s. 170-177
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Out of identified general didactic problems when teaching evolutionary theory, structured learning situations for pre-service teacher students were created together with performance assessment. The students’ discussions showed almost no use of evolutionary concepts and well-structured learning situations failed as many students worked in an arbitrarily manner. The performance assessment showed anyhow good results as questions with open answers gave opportunity for constructive thinking. One conclusion is the strength in open questions, promoting the students’ creation of reasonable explanations within a theoretical framework.
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| 47. |
- Moran, Carlos, 1976-
(författare)
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Congestion Indicators and Congestion Impacts : A Study on the Relevance of Area-wide Indicators
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 11, s. 781-791
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Congestion indicators for monitoring congestion in road area networks have been devised to use the output of long-term planning models which makes them insensitive to the dynamics of congestion or pollutant emissions. The objective of the present study is to compare the capabilities of different congestion indicators for describing congestion impacts (delays and emissions) considering a dynamic framework analysis. Microsimulation is used for estimating the congestion indicators as well as the congestion impacts in a disaggregated and dynamic mode. The indicators with the best descriptive capabilities are identified. Recommendations about indicators are provided for road practitioners.
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| 48. |
- Mutvei, Ann, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
-
Big ideas in science education in teacher training program
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 167, s. 190-197
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New curricula from primary school to higher education include performance assessments of achieved skills. The study investigates if it is possible to respond to this by focusing on some core ideas regarding content and design of learning situations. It was made on pre-service primary school teacher students in science and technology. It shows how the achievement of useable knowledge is enhanced by close relations between teachers and students in combination with open and visible processes of the learning.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Olofsson, Zsuzsanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Indicator framework for measuring sustainability of transport in the city
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 48, s. 2035-2047
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the work presented in this paper was to elaborate a framework of indicators to monitor sustainability of transport in Swedish cities. The framework covers Efficiency, Accessibility, Safety, Liveability, Emissions and Resource use. The individual indicators are structured in three levels of a hierarchical structure. The new thing with this framework and indicator list is that, it puts weight on subjective indicators, i.e. how the population experiences sustainability of transport, their satisfaction with the transport system and its effects on the environment and social issues. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of the Programme Committee of the Transport Research Anna 2012
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