SwePub - sökning: L773:1879 1972

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1.	Carlson, Lars A., et al. (författare) A case of massive hypertriglyceridemia corrected by nicotinic acid or nicotinamide therapy 1972 Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 16:3, s. 359-368 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A case of massive hypertriglyceridemia with fasting plasma triglycerides around 100 mmoles/l is described. Large amounts of chylomicra were present in fasting plasma and the amounts of low-density and high-density lipoproteins were very low. Postheparin plasma lipolytic activity was normal and intravenous heparin rapidly cleared the patient's abnormally prolonged alimentary lipemia with a concomitant rise in plasma free fatty acid levels.Nicotinic acid or nictotinamide given in doses of 3 g or more daily reduced plasma triglyceride levels to about 2–3 mmoles/1 and raised the reduced levels of low and high-density lipoproteins. The mode of onset of this therapeutic effect was slow and the effect persisted for several weeks after withdrawal of either nicotinic acid or nicotinamide.The pathogenesis of the hypertriglyceridemia as well as the mode of action of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide is discussed.
2.	Carlson, Lars A., et al. (författare) Effect of chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (CPIB) on fat-mobilizing lipolysis and cyclic AMP levels in rat epididymal fat 1972 Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 16:3, s. 349-357 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract High concentrations of chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (CPIB) reduced basal glycerol release from rat epididymal fat pads in vitro and antagonized the lipolytic effects of noradrenaline. Furthermore, very high concentrations of CPIB significantly antagonized the effects or noradrenaline or ACTH on cyclic AMP accumulation by isolated rat adipocytes. These data are not incompatible with the hypothesis that a primary mechanism in the hypolipidemic action of CPIB is to lower the levels of cyclic AMP in adipose tissue, resulting in decreased hormone-sensitive lipase activity and/or increased lipoprotein lipase activity.
3.	Olerud, Sven (författare) Wrinkle corner - Extended Charnley compression device 1972 Ingår i: Injury. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-1383 .- 1879-0267. ; 4:2, s. 165-168 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
4.	Ingemarsson, Linda, 1972, et al. (författare) Oxidation behavior of a Mo (Si, Al)(2)-based composite at 300-1000 degrees C 2010 Ingår i: Intermetallics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0966-9795 .- 1879-0216. ; 18:4, s. 633-640 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The oxidation behavior of a Mo (Si,Al)(2)-based composite of Mo(Si,Al)(2), Al2O3 and Mo-5(Si,Al)(3) (Kanthal Super ER) in synthetic air was investigated. The samples were oxidized isothermally for up to 72 h at 300-1000 degrees C using a thermobalance. The microstructure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) depth profiling. Broad ion beam milling (BIB) was used to prepare cross-sections. Oxidation behavior depended strongly on the composition of the substrate which consisted of a Mo(Si,Al)(2) matrix and the minority phases Mo-5(Si,Al)(3) and Al2O3. At 300-500 degrees C the mass gains were small with parabolic kinetics, oxidation resulting in a mixture of oxides that reflects the substrate composition. At 600 and 700 degrees C the oxide scale is thin and protective and depleted in molybdenum, a mass loss occurring due to MoO3 vaporization. At 1000 degrees C a protective alpha-alumina scale forms.
5.	Persson, Daniel, 1972, et al. (författare) Vesicle size-dependent translocation of penetratin analogs across lipid membranes 2004 Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Biomembranes. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-2642 .- 0005-2736. ; 1665:1-2, s. 142-155 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The recent discoveries of serious artifacts associated with the use of cell fixation in studies of the cellular uptake of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have prompted a reevaluation of the current understanding of peptide-mediated cellular delivery. Following a report on the differential cellular uptake of a number of penetratin analogs in unfixed cells, we here investigate their membrane translocation abilities in large and giant unilamellar vesicles (LUVs and GUVs, respectively). Surprisingly, in contrast to the behavior in living cells, all peptides readily entered the giant vesicles ( > 1 μm) as proved by confocal microscopy, while none of them could cross the membranes of LUVs (100 nm). For determination of the location of the peptides in the LUVs, a new concept was introduced, based on sensitive resonance energy transfer (RET) measurements of the enhanced fluorescence of acceptor fluorophores present solely in the inner leaflet. An easily adopted method to prepare such asymmetrically labeled liposomes is described. The membrane insertion depths of the tryptophan moieties of the peptides were determined by use of brominated lipids and found to be very similar for all of the peptides studied. We also demonstrate that infrared spectroscopy on the lipid carbonyl stretch vibration peak is a convenient technique to determine phospholipid concentration. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
6.	Gripeteg, Lena, 1970, et al. (författare) Concomitant Associations of Healthy Food Intake and Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Coronary Artery Calcium 2018 Ingår i: American Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9149 .- 1879-1913. ; 122:4, s. 560-564 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Conflicting findings remain regarding associations between lifestyle behaviors and coronary artery calcium (CAC). We investigated concomitant associations of healthy food intake and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with CAC. Data from 706 men and women 50 to 64 years old from the Swedish SCAPIS pilot trial were analyzed. A CAC score was calculated using the Agatston method. A Healthy Food Index (HFI) was established using data from a web-based food frequency questionnaire. CRF was assessed from a bike exercise test. Regression analyses were performed with occurrence of CAC (dichotomous) and level of CAC score in patients with CAC (continuous) as outcomes. 58% had 0 CAC score. HFI was significantly associated with having no CAC (standardized coefficient β = 0.18, p <0.001) but not with level of CAC score (β = −0.09, p = 0.34). CRF showed no significant association with having no CAC (β = −0.08, p = 0.12) or with the level of CAC score (β = −0.04, p = 0.64). However, there was an interaction between HFI and CRF (β = −0.23, p = 0.02); for increasing levels of CRF there was stronger negative association between HFI and level of CAC score, reaching β = −0.48, p = 0.045 for the highest CRF level. In conclusion, these results emphasize the importance of a healthy food intake in combination with higher CRF to counteract CAC development.
7.	Oliveira, Helena Rodrigues, et al. (författare) Biogas potential of biowaste: A case study in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2024 Ingår i: Renewable energy. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 221 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Anaerobic digestion has been widely applied for waste treatment, renewable energy generation , biofertilizer production. The biogas potential in Brazil is sizable, but the state of Rio de Janeiro is largely dependent on fossil fuels , there is a lack of biogas potential assessments in the state. Thus, this study evaluated biomethane, electricity and biofertilizer potentials in the region. Three different scenarios of biomass supply were considered for four major biowaste streams: sewage sludge; cattle manure; sugarcane processing waste; and food waste. Biomethane generation from the assessed sources could reach 0.6-1.3 billion Nm(3) year(-1), corresponding to 1,768-3,961 GWh year(-1) of electricity , 1.6-3.3 million Mg year- 1 of biofertilizer. Cattle manure was responsible for 73-84% of the projected biomethane production, presenting an opportunity to reduce the sig-nificant emissions from livestock farming. The estimated biofertilizer production could meet the demands of the state , the produced electricity could offset up to 10% of the demand. The gas grid could facilitate the dis-tribution of upgraded biomethane, and 10-22% of the natural gas demand could be met. The findings of this work highlight the high potential for biogas generation in Rio de Janeiro, which is up to seven times larger than the current production.
8.	Larsson, Christel, 1972-, et al. (författare) Lifestyle-related characteristics of adolescent low-meat-consumers and omnivores in Sweden and Norway 2002 Ingår i: Journal of Adolescent Health. - 1054-139X .- 1879-1972. ; 31:2, s. 190-198 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Methods: A total of 2041 students (578 from Umeå, Sweden; 504 from Stockholm, Sweden; and 959 from Bergen, Norway), with a mean age of 15.5 years, completed a questionnaire. Information was collected about physical characteristics, and health, family situation, social, exercise, alcohol, and tobacco habits. The response rate was 95% in Umeå, 91% in Stockholm, and 83% in Bergen. Statistical analyses included Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests.Results: There was no reported difference between low-meat consumers and omnivores with respect to alcohol use, smoking, weight, or amount of exercise. Female low-meat consumers more frequently used smokeless tobacco, reported having more sick days during the last year, attached less importance to “being healthy,” and had been depressed more often than female omnivores. Male low-meat consumers reported, to a greater extent than male omnivores, having been tired without reason, having often had headaches and having been depressed. Female low-meat consumers had parents with a higher average level of education than did female omnivores and more often spent time with friends after school.Conclusions: Vegetarianism or low-meat consumption is mainly a female phenomenon among adolescents in this study. The study indicates that the lifestyle of young low-meat consumers differs from the lifestyle found in previous studies of vegetarians with respect to the respondents’ exercise habits, their perception of their own health, and their use of alcohol and tobacco. Contrary to findings from other studies, adherence to a low-meat diet may not correlate with other health promotion practices among adolescents in Sweden and Norway.
9.	Bensow, Rickard, 1972, et al. (författare) Residual Based VMS Subgrid Modeling for Vortex Flows 2009 Ingår i: Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-7825 .- 1879-2138. ; 199:13-16, s. 802-809 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper presents a residual based subgrid modeling approach for Large Eddy Simulations (LES) based on the variational multiscale method as a cure for the problem of preservation of vortices in numerical flow simulation. This approach combines a splitting of the non-linear term in the Navier–Stokes equations into strain and vorticity with a residual based modeling of the subgrid problems. The benefit is that certain driving phenomena, normally not present in subgrid modeling, e.g. vortex stretching, can be seen in the equations.Here, we focus on two of the subgrid terms arising from the subgrid scale problem. The effect of the two terms are illustrated in an LES of a three dimensional flow around a wing where the main feature is the formation and preservation of a tip vortex, an important phenomenon in many aerodynamic and hydrodynamical applications. We see that the addition of the new subgrid terms correctly counteracts the dissipative effect, arising from numerics and turbulence modeling, on the vortex and thus strongly improves prediction of the tip vortex.
10.	Boström, Magnus, 1972-, et al. (författare) Sustainable and responsible supply chain governance : challenges and opportunities 2015 Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 107, s. 1-7 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper introduces the Special Volume on sustainable and responsible supply chain governance. As globalized supply chains cross multiple regulatory borders, the firms involved in these chains come under increasing pressure from consumers, NGOs and governments to accept responsibility for social and environmental matters beyond their immediate organizational boundaries. Governance arrangements for global supply chains are therefore increasingly faced with sustainability requirements of production and consumption. Our primary objectives for this introductory paper are to explore the governance challenges that globalized supply chains and networks face in becoming sustainable and responsible, and thence to identify opportunities for promoting sustainable and responsible governance. In doing so, we draw on 16 articles published in this Special Volume of the Journal of Cleaner Production as well as upon the broader sustainable supply chain governance literature. We argue that the border-crossing nature of global supply chains comes with six major challenges (or gaps) in sustainability governance and that firms and others attempt to address these using a range of tools including eco-labels, codes of conduct, auditing procedures, product information systems, procurement guidelines, and eco-branding. However, these tools are not sufficient, by themselves, to bridge the geographical, informational, communication, compliance, power and legitimacy gaps that challenge sustainable global chains. What else is required? The articles in this Special Volume suggest that coalition and institution building on a broader scale is essential through, for example, the development of inclusive multi-stakeholder coalitions; flexibility to adapt global governance arrangements to local social and ecological contexts of production and consumption; supplementing effective monitoring and enforcement mechanisms with education and other programs to build compliance capacity; and integration of reflexive learning to improve governance arrangements over time.
11.	Bradshaw, Clare, 1972-, et al. (författare) Effects of bottom trawling and environmental factors on benthic bacteria, meiofauna and macrofauna communities and benthic ecosystem processes 2024 Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 921 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Soft sediment marine benthic ecosystems comprise a diverse community of bacteria, meiofauna and macrofauna, which together support a range of ecosystem processes such as biogeochemical cycling. These ecosystems are also fishing grounds for demersal species that are often caught using bottom trawling. This fishing method can have deleterious effects on benthic communities by causing injury or mortality, and through alteration of sediment properties that in turn influence community structure. Although the impacts of bottom trawling on macrofauna are relatively well studied, less is known about the responses of meiofauna and bacteria to such disturbances, or how bottom trawling impacts benthic ecosystem processes. Quantifying trawling impacts against a background of natural environmental variability is also a challenge. To address these questions, we examined effects of bottom trawling and a range of environmental variables (e. g. water chemistry and physical and biochemical surface sediment properties) on a) bacterial, meiofaunal and macrofaunal community structure and b) benthic ecosystem processes (nutrient fluxes, extracellular enzyme activities and carbon turnover and degradation rates). We also investigated the link between the benthic macrofauna community and the same ecosystem processes. While there was a significant effect of bottom trawling intensity on macrofaunal community structure, the same was not seen for bacterial or meiofaunal community composition, which were more affected by environmental factors, such as surface sediment properties. The labile component of the surface sediment carbon pool was higher at highly trawled sites. Carbon degradation rates, extracellular enzyme activities, oxygen fluxes and some nutrient fluxes were significantly affected by trawling, but ecosystem processes were also strongly linked to the abundance of key bioturbators (Macoma balthica, Halicryptus spinulosus, Scoloplos armiger and Pontoporeia femorata). Although benthic ecosystems were affected by a combination of trawling and natural variability, disentangling these showed that the anthropogenic effects were clearest on the larger component of the community, i.e. macrofauna composition, and on ecosystem processes related to sedimentary carbon.
12.	Carbin, Maria, 1972- (författare) The requirement to speak : Victim stories in Swedish policies against honour related violence 2014 Ingår i: Women's Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0277-5395 .- 1879-243X. ; 46, s. 107-114 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Over the last decade, political initiatives against so-called honour-related violence have been undertaken in several Western countries, as well as in the UN. Swedish policy initiatives are relatively ambitious, and have primarily targeted young women as victims, one aim being to make it possible for them to speak up. In this article the overarching concern is to explore how victim stories are used in Swedish policy initiatives. Drawing upon discourse theory and post-colonial feminism, the aim is to challenge the ideal of speech as emancipation and to elaborate the connections between speech, silence and power. The article shows that, despite efforts by policy-makers to include these young women, and not to reproduce stereotypes, the possibility of speaking is formulated within a certain nationalist discursive terrain. The victims are primarily called upon to speak as non-Swedish representatives. Paradoxically, the inclusion of young women into policy discourse has led to a particular exclusion and thereby produced new silences.
13.	Čekaitė, Asta, 1972-, et al. (författare) Stance and footing in children’s multilingual play : Rescaling practices in a Swedish preschool 2019 Ingår i: Journal of Pragmatics. - : Elsevier. - 0378-2166 .- 1879-1387. ; 144, s. 127-140 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study examines how young immigrant children in multilingual playful activities with peers and adults engage with and explore heritage language forms (e.g., their features, social values and pragmatic uses), as well as transgress boundaries between different language varieties. It is argued that such ludic language practices – located and enacted within micro-interactional processes – in turn link to and contribute to macro-level socio-cultural values and tensions of languages. The selected data constitute a case study based on a video-ethnography of multilingual language practices in a preschool (for 3- to 6-year-olds) with a Swedish monolingual policy. It is found that the children's multilingual play involve the exploitation of heritage language and linguistic incongruities: it takes the shape of exaggerated repetitions, transformations of language forms (phonetic, morphological and syntactic features), various keying resources, i.e., affective (serious or ludic) and metalinguistic stances. The findings underscore the importance of taking into account young immigrant children's agency in creating new spaces (e.g., ludic or instructional activities) for heritage language forms and varieties as they are used for entertaining, rather than educational purposes.
14.	Chen, Rong, 1972-, et al. (författare) The openEHR Java reference implementation project 2007 Ingår i: Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : IOS Press. - 0926-9630 .- 1879-8365. ; 129:Pt 1, s. 58-62, s. 58-62 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The openEHR foundation has developed an innovative design for interoperable and future-proof Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems based on a dual model approach with a stable reference information model complemented by archetypes for specific clinical purposes.A team from Sweden has implemented all the stable specifications in the Java programming language and donated the source code to the openEHR foundation. It was adopted as the openEHR Java Reference Implementation in March 2005 and released under open source licenses. This encourages early EHR implementation projects around the world and a number of groups have already started to use this code. The early Java implementation experience has also led to the publication of the openEHR Java Implementation Technology Specification. A number of design changes to the specifications and important minor corrections have been directly initiated by the implementation project over the last two years. The Java Implementation has been important for the validation and improvement of the openEHR design specifications and provides building blocks for future EHR systems.
15.	Crispin, Xavier, 1972- (författare) Interface dipole at organic/metal interfaces and organic solar cells 2004 Ingår i: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-0248 .- 1879-3398. ; 83:2-3, s. 147-168 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In organic-based solar cells, the interface dipole present at the organic/metal interface participates to the collection and injection of charges between the electrode and the active organic material. The origins of the interface dipole is illustrated for a model system of the organic/metal interface composed of the electron-donor molecule p-phenylenediamine (PPDA) interacting with a nickel surface. The interface dipole created at the PPDA/Ni interface is characterized in a joint experimental and theoretical study using photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The formation of strong interface dipoles upon chemisorption of a PPDA mono-layer is accompanied by a significant decrease (1.5eV) of the metal work function reaching 3.6eV.
16.	Edelvik, Fredrik, 1972, et al. (författare) Numerical homogenization of spatial network models 2024 Ingår i: Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. - 0045-7825 .- 1879-2138. ; 418 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We present and analyze a methodology for numerical homogenization of spatial networks models, e.g. heat conduction and linear deformation in large networks of slender objects, such as paper fibers. The aim is to construct a coarse model of the problem that maintains high accuracy also on the micro-scale. By solving decoupled problems on local subgraphs we construct a low dimensional subspace of the solution space with good approximation properties. The coarse model of the network is expressed by a Galerkin formulation and can be used to perform simulations with different source and boundary data, at a low computational cost. We prove optimal convergence to the micro-scale solution of the proposed method under mild assumptions on the homogeneity, connectivity, and locality of the network on the coarse scale. The theoretical findings are numerically confirmed for both scalar-valued (heat conduction) and vector-valued (linear deformation) models.
17.	Eklund, Fredrik, 1972, et al. (författare) Differentiating bulk nanobubbles from nanodroplets and nanoparticles 2021 Ingår i: Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-0294 .- 1879-0399. ; 53 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract History has shown that it is not as easy as one might think to differentiate between bulk nanobubbles and nanodroplets or nanoparticles. It is generally easy to detect colloids (i.e. something that looks different, e.g. scatters light differently than its surrounding solvent), but less easy to determine the nature of these colloids. This has led to misinterpretations in the literature, where nanodroplets or nanoparticles have mistakenly been assumed to be nanobubbles. In this paper, we review a multitude of experimental methods and approaches to prove the existence of bulk nanobubbles. We conclude that combinations of optical detection with physical perturbations such as pressure or ultrasound, or phase-sensitive holographic methods are the most promising and convenient approaches.
18.	Eriksson, Ulrika, 1972-, et al. (författare) Examination of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities, and levels of polyaromatic compounds (PACs) in tire granulates using in vitro bioassays and chemical analysis 2022 Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Pergamon Press. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 298 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Tire granulates recovered from end-of-life tires contain a complex mixture of chemicals, amongst them polyaromatic compounds (PACs), of which many are recognized to be toxic and persistent in the environment. Only a few of these PACs are regularly monitored. In this study a combined approach of chemical analysis and a battery of CALUX® in vitro bioassays was used to determine PAC concentrations and estrogenic, (anti)-androgenic and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activities in tire granulates. Tire granulates from a recycling company was analyzed for PAHs, alkyl-PAHs, oxy-PAHs and heterocyclic PACs (NSO-PACs), in total 85 PACs. The concentrations of PACs were between 42 and 144 mg/kg, with major contribution from PAHs (74-88%) followed by alkyl-PAHs (6.6-20%) and NSO-PACs (1.8-7.0%). The sum of eight priority PAHs were between 2.3 and 8.6 mg/kg, contributing with 4.7-8.2% of ∑PACs. Bioassay analysis showed presence of AhR agonists, estrogen receptor (ERα) agonists, and androgen receptor (AR) antagonists in the tire granulate samples. Only 0.8-2.4% of AhR-mediated activities could be explained by the chemical analysis. Benzo[k+j]fluoranthenes, benzo[b]fluoranthene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, 2-methylchrysene, and 3-methylchrysene were the major contributors to the AhR-mediated activities. The high contribution (98-99%) of unknown bioactive compounds to the bioassay effects in this study raises concerns and urges for further investigations of toxicants identification and source apportionment.
19.	Evertsson, Sofia, 1972-, et al. (författare) APC I1307K and E1317Q variants are rare or do not occur in Swedish colorectal cancer patients 2001 Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 37:4, s. 499-502 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Recently, a germ line mutation of the APC gene, I1307K, was discovered in a subset of Ashkenazi jews. The mutation involves an amino acid exchange and creates a tract consisting of eight contiguous adenosine residues believed to cause hypermutability in this region. Another germ line missense variant, E1317Q, not restricted to a certain ethnic population, could functionally alter the protein. These APC variants have been linked with increased colorectal cancer risk in several studies. However, they have not yet been investigated in Swedish colorectal cancer patients. Thus, our aim was to investigate the prevalence of I1307K and E1317Q in Swedish colorectal cancer patients in order to determine if these genetic variants are important predisposing factors to colorectal cancer in this population. To this end, sequence analysis was carried out of the APC gene in order to identify any I1307K and E1317Q variants in 106 unselected cases and 88 hereditary/familial colorectal cancer cases including 22 cases of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) fulfilling the Amsterdam criteria. Out of a total of 194 cases examined, we did not find any variants. It seems that these alterations are rare or absent in the Swedish population.
20.	Forsman, Åsa, 1972-, et al. (författare) Drink drivers’ views of a voluntary alcohol interlock programme for drink driving offenders in Sweden 2019 Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 124, s. 210-218 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A permanent alcohol interlock programme was introduced in Sweden in 2012. The programme is voluntary and allows drink driving offenders to keep their driving licenses if they install alcohol interlocks in their vehicles. The duration of the programme is one or two years, depending on the severity of the drink driving offence. This study aims to improve our knowledge of drink drivers’ views of the programme, among both participants and those who chose not to participate. These views were collected through paper questionnaires mailed to the drink drivers’ residences. Of 1550 questionnaires mailed to participants and 1492 to non-participants, 689 and 408 were completed, for response rates of 45% among participants and 28% among non-participants. For participants who were employed or had their own business (n = 513), the main reasons for choosing the alcohol interlock were the need to operate a vehicle at work (69.6%, 95% CI: 65.6–73.6%) and to get to/from work (69.4%, 95% CI: 65.4–73.4%). For those not working (n = 153), the main reasons for participating were that the driving license was required to have a social life and meaningful leisure time (79.7%, 95% CI: 73.3–86.2%) and for shopping (65.4%, 95% CI: 57.7–73.0%). For non-participants, the main reasons for not applying were programme costs (64.4%, 95% CI: 59.5–69.3%), being afraid of being considered alcoholics (37.1%, 95% CI: 32.2–42.1%), and doing well without a license (26.5%, 95% CI: 22.0–31.0%). The results also indicate improved health after the drink driving offence. The largest improvement was found in participants in the two-year programme, in which the proportion of respondents who felt good or very good increased by 39.4% (95% CI: 34.2–44.5%) compared to before the drink driving offence.
21.	Gharehbaghi, Arash, 1972-, et al. (författare) A-Test Method for Quantifying Structural Risk and Learning Capacity of Supervised Machine Learning Methods 2022 Ingår i: Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. - Amsterdam, The Netherlands : IOS Press. - 0926-9630 .- 1879-8365. ; 289, s. 132-135 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper presents an original method for studying the performance of the supervised Machine Learning (ML) methods, the A-Test method. The method offers the possibility of investigating the structural risk as well as the learning capacity of ML methods in a quantitating manner. A-Test provides a powerful validation method for the learning methods with small or medium size of the learning data, where overfitting is regarded as a common problem of learning. Such a condition can occur in many applications of bioinformatics and biomedical engineering in which access to a large dataset is a challengeable task. Performance of the A-Test method is explored by validation of two ML methods, using real datasets of heart sound signals. The datasets comprise of children cases with a normal heart condition as well as 4 pathological cases: aortic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, mitral regurgitation, and pulmonary stenosis. It is observed that the A[1]Test method provides further comprehensive and more realistic information about the performance of the classification methods as compared to the existing alternatives, the K-fold validation and repeated random sub-sampling.
22.	Gharehbaghi, Arash, 1972-, et al. (författare) Accuracy of a Deep Learning Method for Heart Sound Analysis is Unrealistic 2023 Ingår i: Neural Networks. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0893-6080 .- 1879-2782. ; 159, s. 107-108 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
23.	Govindarajan, Venkatesh, 1972-, et al. (författare) Dynamic metabolism modelling of urban water services - demonstrating effectiveness as a decision-support tool for Oslo, Norway 2014 Ingår i: Water Research. - : Pergamon Press. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 61:1, s. 19-33 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
24.	Grahn, Robert, 1972-, et al. (författare) The predictability of the Addiction Severity Index criminal justice assessment instrument and future imprisonment : a Swedish registry study with a national sample of adults with risky substance use 2020 Ingår i: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 217 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: In Sweden, social workers uses the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) as their main assessment tool when assessing individuals with risky substance use (RSU) or substance use disorder. The aim of this study is to identify among individuals with RSU, the associations of ASI Composite Scores (CSs) with future imprisonment controlling for age, education level and gender.Method: Baseline ASI-data was merged with national registry data on prison sentences (2003–2016). Cox regression was used to estimate the associations between CSs for alcohol, drugs other than alcohol, legal, family and social relationships, employment, mental- and physical health and future imprisonment for adults (n = 14,914) assessed for RSU.Results: The regression showed that all ASI CSs, age, education level and gender were significantly associated with imprisonment post ASI base-line assessment. The variables with the strongest association with imprisonment were ASI legal CS, followed by ASI drugs other than alcohol CS, ASI employment CS and being a male. ASI legal score showed the strongest association with imprisonment, with a 6 time increase in likelihood of imprisonment.Discussion: Given the findings in this study, the strong significant association between ASI legal CS and future imprisonment, it seems as that the ASI-assessment instrument is a reliable and trustworthy assessment tool to use in clinical work. This should motivate social workers and other clinical health professionals to use and rely on the ASI assessment in their intervention planning for clients with RSU, to hopefully reduce future imprisonment and improve their social situation.
25.	Gunnarsson, Robert, 1972-, et al. (författare) Evaluation of recipes for obtaining single terminated perovskite oxide substrates 2009 Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 603:1, s. 151-157 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We have re-assessed different methods to obtain single terminated perovskite oxide substrate surfaces of SrTiO3, LaAlO3 and NdGaO3. The surfaces have been probed by a combination of atomic and lateral force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and reflection high-energy electron diffraction. (0 0 1)SrTiO3 surfaces were prepared with HF or plasma etching and annealing, (0 0 1)LaAlO3 surfaces were prepared with or without HCl etching and a consecutive annealing at 750–1100 °C, and (1 1 0)NdGaO3 surfaces were only annealed. Two of the recipes have previously been suggested to result in A-site terminated surfaces. However, except for the case of high-temperature annealed LaAlO3 where we observe a double-terminated surface, our data suggest that the single terminated surfaces obtained by these methods were of B-site type.
26.	Gustavsson, Magnus, 1972-, et al. (författare) Does the labor-income process contain a unit root? : Evidence from individual-specific time series 2014 Ingår i: Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control. - : Elsevier. - 0165-1889 .- 1879-1743. ; 47, s. 152-167 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Calibrations of models related to life-cycle behavior of consumption and saving often invoke the important assumption of a unit root in individuals' labor-income process. We for the first time test this assumption using methods for univariate time series. Based on longitudinal register data from 1968 to 2005, we first estimate an autoregressive model for each individual using a method for approximately median-unbiased estimation. We then exploit the resulting distribution of the individual-specific estimates to draw inference about the presence of a unit root. Results indicate that earnings for the representative worker are governed by a process where shocks to earnings have moderate persistence and are both economically and statistically significantly different from having permanent effects. These results question the heavy use of unit-root processes for earnings.
27.	Hjort, Mattias, 1972-, et al. (författare) Handling of buses on slippery roads during the influence of side wind : A study of the effects of different tyres 2010 Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 42:3, s. 972-977 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Accident statistics assembled by the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI) have shown that buses are overrepresented when it comes to accidents on icy and snowy roads. For a better understanding of the problem, the performance of modern summer and winter tyres on winter road conditions had to be assessed. The objective of this work has been to go beyond standard road grip studies, and instead investigate how the driver's possibility to deal with one challenging situation depends on the tyres and tyre configuration. This paper describes a novel methodology where measurements with different tyres on ice in VTI's tyre test facility, enabled a simulator study for evaluating the impact of different tyre characteristics when driving in conditions with strong side wind on a slippery road.The main results of the study are: to deal with strong side wind, good front wheel grip is most important, and while non-studded winter tyres provided little or no improvement over summer tyres, studded winter tyres significantly reduced the risk to run off the road. Furthermore, it is very difficult for the drivers to judge, beforehand, whether a vehicle with a particular tyre configuration will perform good or bad.
28.	Jonsson, Micael, 1972-, et al. (författare) Antihistamines and aquatic insects : Bioconcentration and impacts on behavior in damselfly larvae (Zygoptera) 2014 Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 472, s. 108-111 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Because aquatic insects use histamines as neurotransmitters, adverse impacts on aquatic insects living in aquatic environments that receive antihistamines with wastewater effluent are plausible. In this study, we exposed damselfly larvae to low concentrations of two commonly used antihistamines (Hydroxyzine and Fexofenadine, 360 +/- 42 and 2200 +/- 43 ng 1(-1), respectively), and recorded damselfly larvae behavior before and after exposure. Further, after the second set of behavioral assays was performed, we quantified bioconcentration of the antihistamines in the damselfly bodies. Our results showed significant changes in damselfly behavior following antihistamine exposure. After Hydroxyzine exposure, the damselfly larvae became less active, and they showed reduced fleeing response (i.e. increased boldness) after being exposed to Fexofenadine, the latter also being significantly different from the non-exposed (control) individuals. Further, we found high levels of bioconcentration in the damselflies; Hydroxyzine showed an average bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 2000. As such, our results indicate that low concentrations of antihistamines can have sub-lethal effects on aquatic insects manifested as behavioral changes, and that bioconcentration of these substances can be high. Therefore, the need to investigate the impact of emergent aquatic contaminants also on aquatic insects, and on behaviors that are of ecological importance, is further highlighted. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
29.	Jonsson, Micael, 1972-, et al. (författare) Effects of an antihistamine on carbon and nutrient recycling in streams 2015 Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 538, s. 240-245 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In stream ecosystems, microbes and macroinvertebrates consume leaf litter deposited from the riparian vegetation, and thereby recycle resources tied up in the litter. Several environmental variables influence rates of this recycling, but it is not well known if common pharmaceuticals, such as antihistamines, originating from waste-water effluent, have additional impacts. Exposure to dilute concentrations of antihistamines may adversely influence aquatic detritivorous invertebrates, because invertebrates use histamines for neurotransmission, resulting in hampered recycling of resource tied up in leaf detritus. In this study, we therefore investigated if the antihistamine fexofenadine, at a concentration of 2000 ng l(-1), alters rates of leaf litter decomposition in stream microcosms. Stonefly larvae (n = 10, per microcosm), together with natural microbial communities, served as main decomposer organisms on alder leaf litter. First, we used 30 microcosms containing fexofenadine, while the other 30 served as non-contaminated controls, and of each 30 microcosms, 14 contained stonefly larvae and microbes, while the remaining 16 contained only microbes. We found, in contrast to our hypothesis, that fexofenadine had no effect on leaf litter decomposition via impacts on the stonefly larvae. However, independent on if stoneflies were present or not, concentrations of organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (N) were strongly affected, with 20-26 and 24-31% lower concentrations of TOC and N, respectively, in the presence of fexofenadine. Second, in a scaled down follow-up experiment we found that microbial activity increased by 85%, resulting in a 10% decrease in pH, in the presence of fexofenadine. While the antihistamine concentration we used is higher than those thus far found in the field (1-10 ng l(-1)), it is still 100 times lower than the predicted no-effect concentration for fexofenadine. As such, our results indicate that low mu g l(-1) levels of antihistamines can have an effect on carbon and nutrient recycling in aquatic system. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
30.	Jägerbrand, Annika, 1972-, et al. (författare) Driving behaviour responses to a moose encounter, automatic speed camera, wildlife warning sign and radio message determined in a factorial simulator study 2016 Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 86, s. 229-238 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In a driving simulator study, driving behaviour responses (speed and deceleration) to encountering a moose, automatic speed camera, wildlife warning sign and radio message, with or without a wildlife fence and in dense forest or open landscape, were analysed. The study consisted of a factorial experiment that examined responses to factors singly and in combination over 9-km road stretches driven eight times by 25 participants (10 men, 15 women). The aims were to: determine the most effective animal–vehicle collision (AVC) countermeasures in reducing vehicle speed and test whether these are more effective in combination for reducing vehicle speed; identify the most effective countermeasures on encountering moose; and determine whether the driving responses to AVC countermeasures are affected by the presence of wildlife fences and landscape characteristics. The AVC countermeasures that proved most effective in reducing vehicle speed were a wildlife warning sign and radio message, while automatic speed cameras had a speed-increasing effect. There were no statistically significant interactions between different countermeasures and moose encounters. However, there was a tendency for a stronger speed-reducing effect from the radio message warning and from a combination of a radio message and wildlife warning sign in velocity profiles covering longer driving distances than the statistical tests. Encountering a moose during the drive had the overall strongest speed-reducing effect and gave the strongest deceleration, indicating that moose decoys or moose artwork might be useful as speed-reducing countermeasures. Furthermore, drivers reduced speed earlier on encountering a moose in open landscape and had lower velocity when driving past it. The presence of a wildlife fence on encountering the moose resulted in smaller deceleration.
31.	Lindahl, Erik, 1972-, et al. (författare) Membrane proteins : molecular dynamics simulations 2008 Ingår i: Current opinion in structural biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-440X .- 1879-033X. ; 18:4, s. 425-431 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Molecular dynamics simulations of membrane proteins are making rapid progress, because of new high-resolution structures, advances in computer hardware and atomistic simulation algorithms, and the recent introduction of coarse-grained models for membranes and proteins. In addition to several large ion channel simulations, recent studies have explored how individual amino acids interact with the bilayer or snorkel/anchor to the headgroup region, and it has been possible to calculate water/membrane partition free energies. This has resulted in a view of bilayers as being adaptive rather than purely hydrophobic solvents, with important implications, for example, for interaction between lipids and arginines in the charged S4 helix of voltage-gated ion channels. However, several studies indicate that the typical current simulations fall short of exhaustive sampling, and that even simple protein-membrane interactions require at least ca. 1 micros to fully sample their dynamics. One new way this is being addressed is coarse-grained models that enable mesoscopic simulations on multi-micros scale. These have been used to model interactions, self-assembly and membrane perturbations induced by proteins. While they cannot replace all-atom simulations, they are a potentially useful technique for initial insertion, placement, and low-resolution refinement.
32.	Lindmark, Maria, 1972-, et al. (författare) Synaptotagmin II could confer Ca(2+) sensitivity to phagocytosis in human neutrophils. 2002 Ingår i: Biochimica et biophysica acta. - 0006-3002. ; 1590:1-3, s. 159-166 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Phagolysosome fusion and granule exocytosis in neutrophils are calcium-dependent processes. The calcium requirements vary between granule types, suggesting the presence of different calcium sensors. The synaptotagmins, a family of calcium-binding proteins, previously shown to participate in vesicle fusion and vesicle recycling in excitable cells, are putative calcium-sensors of exocytosis in excitable cells. In this study, we show that synaptotagmin II is present in human neutrophils and may participate in phagocytic and in exocytotic processes. In protein extracts from human neutrophils, we identified synaptotagmin II by Western blot as an 80 kDa protein. Subcellular fractionation revealed that synaptotagmin II was associated with the specific granules. In fMLP-stimulated cells, synaptotagmin II translocated to the plasma membrane. This correlated with the upregulation of complement receptor 3 (CR 3), reflecting the translocation of specific granules to the cell surface. Synaptotagmin II also translocated to the phagosome after complement-mediated phagocytosis in the presence of calcium. LAMP-1 translocated in parallel but probably was located to another subcellular compartment than synaptotagmin II. Under calcium-reduced conditions, neither synaptotagmin II nor LAMP-1 translocated to the phagosome. We therefore suggest a role for synaptotagmin II as calcium-sensor during phagocytosis and secretion in neutrophils.
33.	Millati, Ria, 1972, et al. (författare) Performance of Rhizopus, Rhizomucor, and Mucor in ethanol production from glucose, xylose, and wood hydrolyzates 2005 Ingår i: Enzyme and microbial technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-0229 .- 1879-0909. ; 36:2-3, s. 294-300 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In searching for ethanol producing microorganisms also capable of fermenting pentoses, nine zygomycetes strains including three strains of Rhizopus oryzae, Mucor corticolous, M. hiemalis, M. indicus, Rhizomucor pusillus, R. miehei, and zygomycete IT were examined. Each strain was cultivated on glucose, xylose or dilute-acid hydrolyzate (DAH) as carbon sources, and the production of ethanol, lactic acid, glycerol, xylitol, and succinic acid were investigated. Great similarities but also conspicuous differences were seen between the species, to some extent linked to the genera. All strains were capable of growing on glucose or xylose as single carbon source. With the exception of the two Rhizomucor strains, all produced ethanol. All the strains produced glycerol as by-product, while Rhizopus and Rhizomucor but not Mucor produced lactic acid in significant amounts. All Mucor and Rhizopus strains and one strain of Rhizomucor produced xylitol in the xylose medium, but no xylitol was detected after growth on DAH. All Mucor and two R. oryzae strains were capable of growing on DAH. Two Mucor species, M. hiemalis and M. indicus showed greater ethanol production than the other strains. The ethanol yields by M. hiemalis on glucose, xylose, and DAH were 0.39, 0.18, and 0.44 g/g, respectively, whereas the corresponding results for M. indicus were 0.39, 0.22, and 0.44 g/g. The strains also rapidly consumed hydroxymethyl furfural present in DAH.
34.	Monie, Svante, 1972-, et al. (författare) A residential community-level virtual power plant to balance variable renewable power generation in Sweden 2020 Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 228 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Power systems with large shares of variable renewable electricity generation, i.e., wind and solar power, require high flexibility in both power generation and demand. Heat pumps and combined heat and power units within district heating systems and thermal storages have previously been studied for their potential to increase the flexibility of the energy system. When using these technologies for power balancing, they must be operated in a non-standard way with switched merit-order. This study hypothesizes that a residential area could form a locally operated entity, i.e., a virtual power plant, that provides power-balancing services to a national power system. The hypothesis is tested with a case study in Sweden where a combined heat and power unit, heat pumps, a local heat distribution system, and thermal storage constitute the local entity. A simulation of the energy balances in the system, with optimization of storage size, was performed. The results show that all power surpluses in the system are consumed by the heat pumps. 43% of the annual and 21% of the electricity peak load are covered by the combined heat and power unit. It is concluded that inter-seasonal thermal storage is crucial for the system’s flexibility. Also, large electricity surpluses, if converted to heat and stored, limit the ability of the virtual power plant to utilize the combined heat and power unit for power balancing at a later stage. Despite this, a local virtual power plant can provide increased flexibility by offering power-balancing services to the power system.
35.	Murphy, Kathleen, 1972, et al. (författare) Non-methane volatile organic compounds predict odor emitted from five tunnel ventilated broiler sheds 2014 Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 95, s. 423-432 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) emitted from mechanically ventilated poultry sheds in similar stages (32-36d) of broiler production were measured by thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS), then identified using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC2) and the NIST11 database. Calibration models predicting odor measured by dilution olfactometry from NMVOC concentrations via orthogonal projection to latent structures (O-PLS) made good predictions (Rp2=0.83-0.87, RMSEp=137-175OU) using one to eight NMVOCs with either one or two latent variables representing odor concentration and character, respectively. Similar changes in odorant composition were observed in each sampling campaign, with samples collected early in the day more odorous and more sulfurous than samples collected later in the day. High litter moisture favored sulfur-containing odorants over alcohols, aldehydes and ketones but had little bearing on perceived odor, whereas high bird density favored alcohols, aldehydes and ketones over sulfur-containing odorants. Eight VOCs that were important predictors of odor across all sheds in order of decreasing importance were dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), 2-3 butanedione, 3-methyl-butanal, 1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, acetoin, and 2-butanone. Four additional NMVOCs also influenced perceived odor although less predictably; these were n-hexane, 2-butanol, dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), and 1-octen-3-ol. All of the odorants are associated with microbial or fungal activity in the litter and manure, except n-hexane, which may originate from hexane-extracted soybean meal in the chicken feed. The organosulfides measured in this study may have arisen from the field sites as well as from the degradation of thiols captured on sorbent tubes during analysis by TD-GC/MS. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
36.	Norrthon, Stefan, 1972- (författare) To stage an overlap – The longitudinal, collaborative and embodied process of staging eight lines in a professional theatre rehearsal process 2019 Ingår i: Journal of Pragmatics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-2166 .- 1879-1387. ; 142, s. 171-184 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The theatrical rehearsal is to date a scarcely investigated institutional setting. This longitudinal, video-ethnographic study follows two actors' work with eight lines in a quarrel scene, from the first day of rehearsals to opening night. The rehearsal is regarded as a transformation process in which the production team laminate (Goodwin, 2018) the script with multimodal resources (Mondada, 2014). The script contains conventional signs for marking overlapping and loudness, and the aim of this study is to document longitudinally how the actors develop, use and coordinate these and other multimodal resources during the rehearsal process. The analysis shows that the actors laminate the script from the first day, and that overlapping and loudness function as mutually developing resources in the performance. Also, different kinds of resources are prominent at different stages of the process: overlap and loudness first increase during the process, but decrease later, as additional embodied resources become more prominent. The transformation process is thus not a linear development. The micro-analysis also shows that the performance on opening night is an emergent interaction, that is, a process. The data and the results challenge dominant theoretical models of participation in fictional discourse.
37.	Olsbo, Viktor, 1972, et al. (författare) Development and evaluation of spatial point process models for epidermal nerve fibers 2013 Ingår i: Mathematical Biosciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-5564 .- 1879-3134. ; 243:2, s. 178-189 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We propose two spatial point process models for the spatial structure of epidermal nerve fibers (ENFs) across human skin. The models derive from two point processes, Φb and Φe, describing the locations of the base and end points of the fibers. Each point of Φe (the end point process) is connected to a unique point in Φb (the base point process). In the first model, both Φe and Φb are Poisson processes, yielding a null model of uniform coverage of the skin by end points and general baseline results and reference values for moments of key physiologic indicators. The second model provides a mechanistic model to generate end points for each base, and we model the branching structure more directly by defining Φe as a cluster process conditioned on the realization of Φb as its parent points. In both cases, we derive distributional properties for observable quantities of direct interest to neurologists such as the number of fibers per base, and the direction and range of fibers on the skin. We contrast both models by fitting them to data from skin blister biopsy images of ENFs and provide inference regarding physiological properties of ENFs.
38.	Petridou, Evangelia, 1972-, et al. (författare) Risk and uncertainty : From critical thinking to practical impact 2020 Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 129 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
39.	Saber, Amanj, 1972-, et al. (författare) Use of the biodegradable polymer chitosan as a vehicle for applying drugs to the inner ear 2010 Ingår i: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 0928-0987 .- 1879-0720. ; 39:1-3, s. 110-115 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Development of efficient local delivery systems for the auditory organ has an important role in clinical practice for the management of inner ear disorders using pharmacological means. Chitosan, a biodegradable polymer, is a good drug carrier with bioadhesive properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using chitosan to deliver drugs to the inner ear across the round window membrane (RWM). Three structurally different chitosans loaded with a tracer drug, neomycin, were injected into the middle ear cavity of albino guinea pigs (n=35). After 7 days the effect of chitosans and neomycin was compared among the treatment groups. The hearing organ was analysed for hair cell loss and the RWM evaluated in term of thickness. All tested chitosan formulations successfully released the loaded neomycin which then diffused across the RWM, and exerted ototoxic effect on the cochlear hair cells in a degree depending on the concentrations used. Chitosans per se had no noxious effect on the cochlear hair cells. It is concluded that the chitosans, and especially glycosylated derivative, are safe and effective carriers for inner ear therapy.
40.	Sahlin, Jenny, 1972, et al. (författare) Introduction of a waste incineration tax: Effects on the Swedish waste flows 2007 Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 51:4, s. 827-846 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A tax on waste-to-energy incineration of fossil carbon in municipal solid waste from households was introduced in Sweden on July 1, 2006. The tax has led to higher incineration gate fees. One of the main purposes with the tax is to increase the incentive for recycling of materials, including biological treatment. We investigate whether and to what extent this effect can be expected. A spreadsheet model is developed in order to estimate the net marginal cost of alternative waste treatment methods, i.e., the marginal cost of alternative treatment minus avoided cost of incineration. The value of the households' time needed for source separation is discussed and included. The model includes the nine largest fractions, totalling 85% (weight), of the household waste currently being sent to waste incineration: food waste, newsprint, paper packaging, soft and hard plastic packaging, diapers, yard waste, other paper waste, and non-combustible waste. Our results indicate that the incineration tax will have the largest effect on biological treatment of kitchen and garden waste, which may increase by 9%. The consequences of an incineration tax depend on: (a) the level of the tax, (b) whether the tax is based on an assumed average Swedish fossil carbon content or on the measured carbon content in each incineration plant, (c) institutional factors such as the cooperation between waste incinerators, and (d) technological factors such as the availability of central sorting of waste or techniques for measurement of fossil carbon in exhaust gases, etc. Information turns out to be a key factor in transferring the governing force of the tax to the households as well improving the households' attitudes towards material recycling. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
41.	Stage, Jesper, 1972-, et al. (författare) Prospects for establishing environmental satellite accounts in a developing country: The case of Rwanda 2018 Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 200, s. 219-230 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this paper, we discuss the beginning of Rwanda's current work on natural capital accounts. Many developing countries began similar work on environmental satellite accounts in the 1990s and early 2000s, only to abandon them a few years later when the initial political interest waned. The question arises, therefore, as to whether renewed interest in these accounts has the potential to have a longer lasting impact on national accounting practices. In Rwanda's case, the decision was to begin satellite accounting work by focusing on resources where key economic trade-offs between different uses had already begun to be identified by policymakers, and where the gathering of economic statistics had already been improved as a result. It seems likely that this approach could lead to more durable satellite accounts, and that a similar approach would be feasible in many other countries.
42.	Svartz, Jesper, 1972-, et al. (författare) Leukotriene C4 synthase homo-oligomers detected in living cells by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer 2003 Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. - : Elsevier. - 1388-1981 .- 1879-2618. ; 1633:2, s. 90-95 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Leukotrienes (LTs) are biologically active compounds derived from arachidonic acid which have important pathophysiological roles in asthma and inflammation. The cysteinyl leukotriene LTC4 and its metabolites LTD4 and LTE4 stimulate bronchoconstriction, airway mucous formation and generalized edema formation. LTC4 is formed by addition of glutathione to LTA4, catalyzed by the integral membrane protein, LTC4 synthase (LTCS). We now report the use of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) to demonstrate that LTCS forms homo-oligomers in living cells. Fusion proteins of LTCS and Renilla luciferase (Rluc) and a variant of green fluorescent protein (GFP), respectively, were prepared. High BRET signals were recorded in transiently transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells co-expressing Rluc/LTCS and GFP/LTCS. Homo-oligomer formation in living cells was verified by co-transfection of a plasmid expressing non-chimeric LTCS. This resulted in dose-dependent attenuation of the BRET signal. Additional evidence for oligomer formation was obtained in cell-free assays using glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay. To map interaction domains for oligomerization, GFP/LTCS fusion proteins were prepared with truncated variants of LTCS. The results obtained identified a C-terminal domain (amino acids 114–150) sufficient for oligomerization of LTCS. Another, centrally located, interaction domain appeared to exist between amino acids 57–88. The functional significance of LTCS homo-oligomer formation is currently being investigated.
43.	Teledahl, Anna, 1972- (författare) Different modes in teachers' discussions of students' mathematical texts 2015 Ingår i: Teaching and Teacher Education. - : Elsevier. - 0742-051X .- 1879-2480. ; 51, s. 68-76 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The study aims to examine elementary school mathematics teachers' ways of discussing students' mathematical texts. Nineteen teachers were interviewed in groups and asked to discuss 15 texts. The object of study is the teachers' collective discussions, analyzed using a discourse analytic approach. Findings indicate that two different modes are visible in the discussions: a pedagogical mode, connected to the teachers' position as pedagogues and where identification of students' strategies is foregrounded, and an assessment mode, connected to the teachers' position as examiners, in which a deficiency perspective is adopted that views particular features as 'missing' from the texts.
44.	Ternström, Lisa, 1972, et al. (författare) Plasma activity of individual coagulation factors, hemodilution and blood loss after cardiac surgery: a prospective observational study. 2010 Ingår i: Thrombosis research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-2472 .- 0049-3848. ; 126:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: Hemodilution and consumption of coagulation factors during cardiopulmonary bypass has been suggested to contribute to bleeding complications after cardiac surgery. The aim was to describe the activity of individual coagulation factors after CABG in relation to hemodilution and postoperative bleeding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Plasma concentrations of fibrinogen and plasma activity of FII, FV, FVII, FVIII, FIX, FX, FXI and FXIII adjusted for hemodilution were analysed in 57 CABG patients before, and 2h and 24h after surgery. Postoperative bleeding was registered and correlations to coagulation factor activity were calculated. RESULTS: Adjusted plasma concentration of fibrinogen (-14+/-6%), and plasma activity of FII (-9+/-6%), FV (-13+/-8%), FX (-13+/-7%) and FXIII (-9+/-14%) were reduced two hours after surgery compared to baseline (all p<0.001). FVII (+3+/-12%, p=0.34) and FXI (+1+/-19%, p=0.50) were unchanged, while FVIII (+23+/-44%, p=0.006) and FIX (+23+/-17%, p<0.001) increased. Twenty-four hours after surgery fibrinogen (+45+/-27%), FVIII (+93+/-66%) and FIX (+33+/-26%) were all increased (all p<0.001), while FVII (-37+/-14%, p<0.001), FXI (-4+/-18%, p=0.02) and FXIII (-6+/-15%, p=0.004) were decreased. Median postoperative blood loss was 380 ml/12h. There were significant inverse correlations between postoperative blood loss and fibrinogen concentration 2h after surgery (r=-0.33, p=0.019) and between postoperative blood loss and pre- and postoperative FXIII activity (r=-0.34, p=0.009 and r=-0.41, p=0.003, respectively), but not between blood loss and any of the other factors. CONCLUSIONS: There is a marked dissociation in plasma activity of individual coagulation factors after CABG. Plasma concentration of fibrinogen and factor XIII activity correlates inversely to postoperative blood loss after CABG.
45.	Valyukh, Iryna, 1972-, et al. (författare) Spectroscopic ellipsometry characterization of electrochromic tungsten oxide and nickel oxide thin films made by sputter deposition 2010 Ingår i: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-0248 .- 1879-3398. ; 94:5, s. 724-732 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Electrochromic films of tungsten oxide and nickel oxide were made by reactive dc magnetron sputtering and were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The optical properties were investigated in detail by spectroscopic ellipsometry and spectrophotometry, using a multiple-sample approach. The W oxide film was modeled as a homogeneous isotropic layer, whereas the Ni oxide film was modeled as an anisotropic layer with the optical axis perpendicular to the surface. Parametric models of the two layers were then used to derive complex refractive index in the 300-1700-nm-range, film thickness, and surface roughness. A band gap of 3.15 eV was found for the W oxide film, using a Tauc-Lorentz parameterization. For the Ni oxide film, taken to have direct optical transitions, band gaps along the optical axis, perpendicular to it, and in an isotropic intermediate layer at the bottom of the film were found to be 3.95, 3.97, and 3.63 eV, respectively. Parameterization for the Ni oxide was made by use of the Lorentz model.
46.	Vikström, Olena, 1972- (författare) Components with potential immunosuppressive activity in lipopolysaccharide of laboratory Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains 2003 Ingår i: Immunology Letters. - 0165-2478 .- 1879-0542. ; 85:1, s. 29-33 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The ability of culture filtrate (CF) of two laboratory Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains to inhibit delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to non-bacterial antigen in CBA mice has been studied. It was shown that intraperitoneal injection of native CF of the strains did not affect the level of DTH. However, redox treated CF expressed the immunosuppressive activity. Gel filtration of redox activated CF through Sephadex G-200 showed that CF contains three immunosuppressive components differing by their molecular weight and specificity. All components contained lipid group and O-polysaccharide chains that indicated their lipopolysaccharide (LPS) nature. These experiments show that laboratory P. aeruginosa strains have three LPS components but not all of them display the immunosuppressive activity.
47.	Vikström, Olena, 1972- (författare) The immunosuppressive activity of chemically modified lipopolysaccharide of Shigella sonnei. 2002 Ingår i: Immunology Letters. - 0165-2478 .- 1879-0542. ; 80, s. 15-19 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
48.	Wennberg, Patrik, 1972-, et al. (författare) Haemostatic and inflammatory markers are independently associated with a first-ever myocardial infarction in men and women 2012 Ingår i: Thrombosis Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0049-3848 .- 1879-2472. ; 129:1, s. 68-73 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Introduction: Previous studies have shown that plasma levels of haemostatic and inflammatory markers are associated with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). As haemostatic markers are also acute-phase reactants, it is not clear if their association with CHD is independent of inflammatory markers and established cardiovascular risk factors.Materials and Methods: We used a prospective incident case-control study design nested in two cohorts from Sweden. Baseline measurements of a panel of cardiovascular risk factors and eight established markers of haemostasis or inflammation were assessed in 469 first-ever myocardial infarction (MI) cases and 895 matched controls.Results: After adjustment for baseline values of established risk factors, von Willebrand factor appeared to have the strongest association with MI among the haemostatic markers assayed, with an odds ratio of 2.52 (95% CI, 1.72-3.67) for a comparison of individuals in extreme thirds of baseline levels. For a similar comparison, after adjustment for established risk factors and haemostatic markers, odds ratios for IL-6 and CRP were 1.67 (95% CI, 1.08-2.60) and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.03-2.41), respectively. The relative predictive ability of the individual markers over and above established risk factors was modest according to comparisons of Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC) curves. However, when all eight markers were combined in a single model, the AUROC curve was significantly increased to 0.820 (95% CI, 0.795-0.846) compared to 0.762 (95% CI, 0.732-0.791) for established risk factors only.Conclusions: These findings suggest that haemostasis and inflammation have at least partially separate roles in risk of myocardial infarction.
49.	Westman, Anton, 1972-, et al. (författare) Fatalities in Swedish skydiving 2005 Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 37:6, s. 1040-1048 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Exact risk patterns in skydiving fatalities are not well known, but incomplete world injury data indicate that many are preventable. A comprehensive national material for Sweden of 37 skydiving fatalities 1964–2003 were reviewed to identify risk factors. In relation to jump volume, the period 1994–2003 had a fatality rate 11 times lower than 1964–1973. Student skydivers had the highest risk of fatal outcome, often caused by instability in freefall leading to unstable parachute activation with subsequent line entanglement, or parachute activation failure. Unintentional water landings also contributed to student fatality, with life jacket malfunctions, neglect to use life jackets, and automatic reserve parachute activation devices activated by water as aggravating factors. One-third of all fatalities had an inflated and operational parachute at some point prior to injury. A drastic worldwide increase in fatal landing incidents with fast wing parachutes during the 1990s did not occur in Sweden. Every fourth fatality caused by rapid deceleration against ground or water survived impact and died during transports or in hospitals. Rescue units and health care providers can improve management of skydiving incidents from knowledge about the incident and injury mechanisms we have described, and the skydiving community can target risk factors in preventive safety work.
50.	Öbrand, Lars, 1972-, et al. (författare) Navigating Rumsfeld's quadrants : A performative perspective on IT risk management 2018 Ingår i: Technology in society. - : Elsevier. - 0160-791X .- 1879-3274. ; 53, s. 1-8 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this paper, we contribute to risk management theory by investigating the internal dynamics of IT risks in contemporary organizations. We explore how digitization of previously physical organizational con- texts trigger risk by conceptualizing risk management from a performative perspective and the assumption that risks are sociomaterial by nature. Through an exploratory case study of the risk man- agement practices at a paper and pulp factory, we analyze the different epistemic strategies employed by the practitioners as proactive, reactive and adaptive. We discuss how and why these strategies emerge as a result of the sociomaterial configurations.

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