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1.	Aronsson, Helena, et al. (författare) Phosphorus load in outdoor areas for laying hens and capacity of phosphorus retaining materials to reduce the environmental impact 2022 Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer Science and Business Media B.V.. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 12:3, s. 325- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study investigated manure loads in outdoor paddocks for laying hens and the capacity of two phosphorus (P) retaining materials for reducing leaching from manure in areas with high hen density. Inventories on two commercial farms during 2 years (2017 and 2018) of the impact of hens (groups of 3000 hens) on vegetation, as a proxy for land use by hens, showed that 16–21% of outdoor area in grassland paddocks and 22–39% of area in a forest paddock were used by the hens. Sand and limestone were tested as P retention materials in areas with high manure load in a field study during the outdoor season for laying hens (May 1 to October 31 in 2018). The materials were placed on the ground (0.2 m deep bed, 3.3 m wide) outside the pop-hole in paddocks with 76 hens. The average numbers of hens outdoors were recorded at 9 am and 3 pm daily. There was no significant difference between the materials concerning distribution of hens, and they seemed not to prefer any material more than the other. When cylinders containing the spent materials were exposed to simulated rainfalls in a laboratory study, the P concentrations in drainage water were high for all materials, including a control with gravel (58–136 mg PO4-P L−1 and 130–197 mg total-P L−1). On average, 14% of manure P retained in the sand and limestone materials was leached after 100 mm of simulated rainfall. Thus, these materials may act as physical filters for P in manure, but to reduce the risk of P losses to waters during the following winter, they need to be removed from the paddocks and preferably used as potential P fertilizers on arable land. © 2021, The Author(s).
2.	Denver, Sigrid, et al. (författare) Dietary priorities and consumers’ views of the healthiness of organic food : purity or flexibility? 2022 Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 12:2, s. 163-175 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Previous studies have shown that belief in the healthiness of organic food is a strong motive for buying organic. Typically, a positive relation between a nutritionally balanced diet (with respect to fruit, vegetables and meat) and organic consumption is also found. As market shares of organic food are much smaller than those of conventional food, consumers may face a trade-off between buying organic and choosing the nutritional composition they prefer. Using data from a survey of around 1300 Danish consumers, we found that almost all respondents believed that organic food contains fewer unwanted substances than non-organic food, and that around a third considered organic food to be nutritionally superior. Respondents with high organic consumption and who believe in the nutritious superiority of organic food products were more likely to belong to a small group of respondents who prioritized buying organic. However, the vast majority, particularly those with low levels of organic consumption, prioritized dietary flexibility over organic produce. Our findings suggest that to motivate those in this large consumer segment to increase their organic consumption, it will be necessary to offer a broader, more nutritionally differentiated, range of organic products.
3.	Dippel, Sabine, et al. (författare) Health and welfare of organic pigs in Europe assessed with animal-based parameters 2014 Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 4:2, s. 149-161 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Organic pig farming aims at maintaining a high health and welfare state of the animals through appropriate housing, management and feeding. Better knowledge of health and welfare indicators should help to identify critical points and hence to improve health and welfare as well as performance of organic pigs. This paper describes the health and welfare of organic pigs from 101 farms across six EU countries, using selected animal-based parameters from the Welfare Quality® protocol. Parameters were collected in sows, suckling and weaned piglets in 3 to 20 farms per country. Their assessment was trained before farm visits and inter-observer agreement determined after farm visits. The most prevalent problems identified in sows were thinness (median farm prevalence 18.8 %, range 0–81.0), injuries on the anterior part of the body (15.5 %, 0–66.7), injuries on hind part of body (7.9 %, 0–50), obesity (4.9 %, 0–50.0) and vulva lesions (3.5 %, 0–42.9). In suckling piglets, the median prevalence in terms of groups affected per farm was 0 % for all parameters but ‘> 50 % dirty piglets in group’, for which it was 10 %. Farm prevalence ranged from 0 to 100 % for ‘≥ 1 lame piglet in group’, presence of diarrhoea, and ‘> 50 % dirty piglets in group’. In weaned piglets, the median prevalence in terms of groups affected per farm was 0 % with a range of 0 to 100 % for all parameters. Based on the collected data, body condition, skin and vulva lesions in sows, lameness, diarrhoea and respiratory problems in piglets could be used as management and welfare indicators, with good potential for enhancement through farm improvement schemes like herd health planning. However, some definitions could be improved, especially lameness, diarrhoea and respiratory problems in piglets.
4.	Johansson, Birgitta, et al. (författare) Cold-pressed rapeseed cake or full fat rapeseed to organic dairy cows - milk production and profitability 2015 Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 5, s. 29-38 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The interest in growing and feeding locally produced feeds is increasing. Case studies in Sweden have shown that feeds grown on-farm are more environmentally favourable than imported feeds, partly due to the lower energy requirements for transport. Full fat rapeseed (FFRS) and its co-product cold-pressed rapeseed cake (CRC) can both be locally produced, and CRC has been proven to be suitable for dairy cows. In both feeds, fat content limits the amount that can be supplemented in the diet, and less FFRS than CRC can be used. However, in a previous study with scenario calculations, CRC showed lower profitability than FFRS. The present study examined how milk yield and milk composition were influenced by feeding FFRS compared with CRC in organic diets and calculated the farm profitability on each occasion. The study was performed using 56 Swedish Holstein cows in different lactation stages. Diets were 100% organic, including a mixed ration (silage, grains and minerals) fed ad libitum and a restricted amount of concentrates (field beans together with either CRC or ground FFRS). There were no significant differences in milk yield and composition between the diets. However, cows fed FFRS had a higher intake of the mixed ration than cows fed CRC. Cows fed CRC had the highest profitability in later lactation, whereas the diets were economically similar during early lactation.
5.	Johansson, Birgitta, et al. (författare) Using clover/grass silage as a protein feed for dairy bull calves 2016 Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 6, s. 57-63 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Abstract Soybean meal (SBM) is globally used as a protein feed of good nutritional quality, e.g. for calves. However, the environmental impact of soybean cultivation is often questioned and SBM can therefore of ethical reasons be replaced by nitrogen-fixing forage and grain legumes and rapeseed products. In two experiments (exp.), we examined whether feeding dairy bull calves forages with a high inclusion of red clover together with cold-pressed rapeseed cake (CRC; exps. 1 and 2) and field bean (FB; exp. 2) met their protein requirement for proper growth, and calculated the profitability of using these diets. The calves were allocated to one of three protein feed treatments per experiment and studied from 97 to 275 kg live weight. In exp. 1, red clover/grass silage was combined with either smaller or greater amounts of CRC, which was compared with SBM. In exp. 2, red clover/grass silage, CRC and FB were combined with silage constituting 40, 50 or 60 % of DM in the total diet, to find the best combination. The profitability was calculated as value of calf gain minus feed costs. Soybean meal gave the highest live weight gain (LWG) and profitability in exp. 1, closely followed by the diet with greater amount of CRC together with clover/ grass silage. In exp. 2, the diets with 40 or 50 % silage resulted in similar DM intake and LWG, both higher than with 60 % silage. At conventional prices, the 40 % silage diet had the highest profitability, whereas at organic prices, the 50 % silage diet was more profitable.
6.	Lindberg, Mikaela, et al. (författare) Profitability of organic and conventional dairy production with different dietary proportions of high-quality grass silage 2013 Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 3, s. 31-39 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The profitability in organic and conventional milk production systems when using three different dietary proportions (51 %, 62 % and 69 % of dry matter) of high-quality grass silage to dairy cows was calculated. Feed intake and milk production data were measured in a dairy cow experiment in which the same types of feeds were used over the entire lactation, but the proportion of forage was increased to three different degrees in the diet. The results of the economic analyses showed that full cost coverage was only reached within the organic production system and that a large herd size (160 cows) was required to achieve economically sustainable dairy production. However, large herd size required large pasture areas in organic production, which can be difficult to achieve in forest-dominated districts. The results of the calculated profitability showed that it was profitable to increase the average dietary proportion of high-quality silage from 51 % to 62 % of dry matter in conventional production with concentrate and grain prices at their current high levels. In organic production, there were only minor differences in calculated profitability between providing the obligatory 60 % and 69 % of dry matter as high-quality silage in the dairy cow diet.
7.	Lindgren, Kristina, et al. (författare) Animal health and welfare in production systems for organic fattening pigs 2014 Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 4:2, s. 135-147 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract With the aim to identify European health and welfare strategies in organic pig production, we summarized information about health and welfare status and potential hazards for organic fattening pigs. The results were primarily based on studies of organic production or comparisons between organic and conventional production. Conventional Danish herds consumed three times as much antibiotics (anthelmintics not included) as the organic herds, whilst there was no difference in mortality rate nor more pigs in need of treatment in the organic herds. Slaughter data indicated that organic pigs had fewer respiratory problems, skin lesions (including abscesses and hernias) and tail wounds compared to conventional pigs. On the other hand, remarks because of joint lesions and white spot livers were more common among organic pigs. The risk of parasitic infections in organic fattening pigs has been confirmed. To control endoparasites, outdoor areas should be rotated with as long interval as possible, i.e. by including the pigs in the crop rotation. Outdoor housing with functional wallows and access to grass and roots or outdoor runs and roughage can enhance pig welfare and reduce pen-mate-directed oral activity and aggression. Minimizing negative environmental impact may conflict with animal welfare, i.e. raising the pigs indoors may not only reduce plant nutrient losses but also reduce the pigs’ activity options. With an increasing number of specialized organic units, implementation of age-segregated production and buying piglets from only one or few units is necessary to maintain a good health in transferred pigs.
8.	Lindgren, Kristina, et al. (författare) Nematode parasite eggs in pasture soils and pigs on organic farms in Sweden 2020 Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 10, s. 289-300 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The EU regulation for organic pig production requires outdoor access to promote the animal welfare. This may increase the risk of infection of the common pig parasites, Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis, because their eggs can survive for many years in the soil. The egg contamination of these parasites in outdoor areas with different managements and the faecal egg output from the pigs was investigated on 11 Swedish organic pig farms in 2008. We found eggs of A. suum and, to a minor extent, T. suis in the soil from outdoor areas, which had previously been used for pig rearing and/or for spreading of pig manure. Piglets and their dams were turned out on pastures included in a crop rotation, and these areas had a mean of 2500 A. suum and 40 T. suis eggs per kilogram soil. When the pigs were 12-week-old, the faecal egg counts (FECs) of A. suum were positively correlated with the egg concentration in pasture soils before pig turnout. The areas used by dry sows had a mean of 11,700 A. suum and 220 T. suis eggs per kilogram soil. The highest egg concentrations in the soil were found in areas, frequently used by pigs in the most recent years. To minimise pasture contamination with parasite eggs, it is advised to have a crop rotation system and to inactivate parasite eggs in pig manure before spreading it. Parasite control needs further development to protect suckling piglets from infections due to environmental parasite egg contamination. © 2019, The Author(s).
9.	Milestad, Rebecka, 1973-, et al. (författare) Tensions in future development of organic productionâ€”views of stakeholders on Organic 3.0 2020 Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study analysed Swedish stakeholders’ views on future developments of organic production and consumption based on Organic 3.0, a strategic initiative by the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM). Focus group discussions were carried out with actors representing different parts of the organic value chain in Sweden. These identified a number of tensions, four of which represented an unresolved dichotomy in the way forward for the organic movement and its relevance for organic production in most settings. The first tension was between the drive for increased efficiency to achieve higher yields and an agroecological approach with broader sustainability values. The second concerned availability of plant nutrients in organic agriculture including safe recirculating of nutrients from society. The third tension set new technology against the precautionary principle and the notion of naturalness. The fourth concerned the role of organic as an innovation system; whether organic should be a forerunner, i.e. performing well above average and fostering innovation, or whether organic should be a broader movement including more farmers but then requiring more regulations that may hinder innovation. These tensions will result in important choices on direction for the organic sector as it pursues the Organic 3.0 goal of sustainably feeding a growing population based on farming systems based on organic principles.
10.	Neumann, Angelika, et al. (författare) Losses of nitrogen and phosphorus via the drainage system from organic crop rotations with and without livestock on a clay soil in southwest Sweden 2011 Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 1, s. 217-229 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Leaching losses of N and P were examined in separately tile-drained field plots on a clay soil with two 6-year organic crop rotations (1998–2006). Two different farming systems (with dairy cows (+L) and without stock (−L)) were evaluated to identify parts of the crop rotations with the greatest risks of N and P leaching losses and to examine the scope for improvement. Although N and P leaching losses tended to be higher without livestock, the mean annual leaching loads from both systems were low and did not differ significantly (6.8 and 9.1 kg N ha−1 year−1 and 0.39 and 0.55 kg Pha−1 year−1 for +L and −L, respectively). For both systems, there were increased amounts of N and P in drainage water in the period following sowing of winter wheat after incorporation of clover–grass ley (CG). This could be attributed to the early date of CG incorporation, as late incorporation followed by bare fallow gave lower nutrient leaching. Drainage from bare fallow after a broad bean crop was identified as a critical part of the crop rotation for P leaching, with P losses possibly enhanced by macropore formation by the taproot of broad bean. The lowest leaching losses were observed during CG growth, demonstrating that CG had a buffering effect on leaching during heavy precipitation events. It was concluded that in organic farming on clay soils, countermeasures such as undersown CG and late incorporation of this CG can be effective in reducing N and P leaching losses
11.	Owusu Sekyere, Enoch (författare) Examining the social, physical and institutional determinants of pineapple farmers’ choice of production systems in Central Ghana 2018 Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 9, s. 315-329 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Various researchers have determined the different factors influencing farmers’ decisions to adopt certified organic production, without considering factors about the social and institutional environments of smallholder farmers in developing countries. In this paper, we examined the social, physical and institutional factors that affect farmers’ choice of production systems for pineapple in Ghana. A multinomial logit model was used to examine the factors influencing the pineapple farmers’ choice of a production system. Empirical findings indicate that apart from personal and attitudinal factors, the social, physical and institutional factors are also very important in individual farmer’s decisions to adopt certified organic production systems. Policy implications of these findings are that besides farmers’ personal and attitudinal characteristics, the social, physical and institutional features were also crucial in their decision to adopt certified organic production systems. The identified factors contribute to informing the government and other key players along the pineapple value chain on the elements to strive for when designing strategies and programmes to promote certified organic pineapple production. The study proposes that to encourage and sustain certified organic pineapple production systems, stakeholders in the pineapple sector should help farmers to consider the environmental sustainability in their production decision making and educate farmers on the potential cost and benefits of certifying their products organically. Effective policy and strategy design should, therefore, consider these factors to improve the adoption rate from conventional to certified organic production systems.
12.	Prunier, Armelle, et al. (författare) Characteristics of organic pig farms in selected European countries and their possible influence on litter size and piglet mortality 2014 Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer Netherlands. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 4:2, s. 163-173 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Better knowledge of piglet losses around birth and during lactation, and the role of litter size, housing and management characteristics, should help to identify critical points and hence to improve the situation in organic pig farms. For this purpose, a project was initiated in five EU countries collecting interview data, measures of animal and housing characteristics and production records. This paper presents results regarding production characteristics from 82 herds. Among them, 42 farms were included in an analysis based on the production records. Based on sows’ housing system during the first 2 weeks after farrowing, farms were classified as “indoor” (n = 49) or “outdoor” (n = 33). For each group, a multiple correspondence analysis and subsequent hierarchical classification were carried out to identify distinct farm categories. In total, 30 variables from the questionnaires and measured characteristics were used after binary transformation when necessary. Three types of indoor farms and two types of outdoor farms were identified. Regarding litter size at birth and weaning, there was no clear difference between all types of indoor farms and one type of outdoor farms, whereas the second type of outdoor farms, that were more “extensive”, had lower performance. Production records showed a detrimental influence of high farm average litter size at birth on piglet mortality and that high-standard deviation in litter size may exacerbate this problem. © 2013, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
13.	Rezaei, Mehdi, et al. (författare) Feed Efficiency, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of a fast- and a slower-growing broiler hybrid fed low- or high-protein organic diets 2018 Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 8, s. 121-128 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Organic poultry meat production in Sweden is characterized by diets based on organic and locally produced feedstuffs, roughage allowance, a long rearing period (>10 weeks), outdoor access for the birds, and ban of synthetic amino acids and prophylactic use of antibiotics and anthelmintic. Until recently, the main hybrids used in organic broiler chicken production in Sweden were the same as used in conventional broiler chicken production. These birds are bred to reach market weight at 5 to 6 weeks on a high-protein quality nonorganic diet. In this study, organic high- and low- protein diets were fed to fast- and slower-growing hybrid broiler chickens with 5 pens per genotype × diet treatment and 21 to 22 broiler chickens per pen. Weight gain, feed conversion, health, and mortality were recorded during a 71-day rearing period. The fast-growing hybrid birds grew faster (55.4 ± 0.7 versus 38.3 ± 0.5 g/day, P = 0.001) and had a better feed conversion ratio (2.6 ± 0.1 versus 2.9 ± 0.1 kg feed/kg body weight, P = 0.001) than the slower-growing hybrid birds. The fast-growing hybrid birds grew slower when fed the high-protein compared to the low-protein diet (55.3 ± 0.5 versus 57.8 ± 1.4 g/day, P = 0.050), while the slower- growing hybrid birds grew faster when fed the high-protein compared to the low-protein diet (39.4 ± 0.7 and 37.2 ± 0.4 g/day, P = 0.038). A higher proportion of fast- compared to slower-growing hybrid birds had sticky droppings at 1 week of age (18.8 ± 1.6 versus 3.8 ± 1.6%, P = 0.001) and were culled because of leg weakness during the 10-week rearing period (10.0 ± 2.0 versus 3.3 ± 2.0%, P = 0.031), indicating poorer welfare among fast-growing hybrid birds when reared for 10 weeks on organic diets.
14.	Salevid, Pernilla, et al. (författare) Profitability of organic and conventional cow-calf operations under Swedish conditions 2012 Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 2, s. 205-217 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In order to maintain the high natural values of Swedish semi-natural pasture, suckler cow numbers must increase, but numbers are more likely to decrease due to low profitability, changes to the EU support system and increasing wage levels. This study sought to identify production models for cow-calf operations with sufficient profitability to pay at least stipulated farm workers wage. In the calculations, the income from weaned calves and EU support was reduced by operating costs, excluding labour. The surplus was divided by hours spent on labour, resulting in a return to labour per hour. The calculations were carried out in varying future scenarios where the Common Agricultural Policy is changing. The results showed that organic production models created a higher return to labour than conventional production models. One reason for this is the environmental payment for organic farming. Another reason is that organic production maintains more acreage, equalling higher environmental payments and other EU support per suckler cow. Other more profitable production models included spring calving, heavy cows and winter feed based on silage. Some organic production models gave a return to labour above the stipulated farm workers wage. However, if the single farm payment scheme is phased out and not replaced by an increase in environmental payments, the return to labour will be at best half the stipulated farm workers wage.
15.	Salomon, Eva, et al. (författare) Flows and budgets of nutrients and potentially toxic elements on four Swedish organic farms using digestate from agricultural residues 2022 Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 12:2, s. 279-292 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Few fertilizers are permitted for organic farming, which is a challenge when securing nutrient availability, particularly of nitrogen (N). Digestate from biogas production could be a valuable fertilizer for increasing crop yields, through its high content of plant-available nitrogen (NH4-N), but is rarely used in practice. This study evaluated how anaerobic digestion of manure and use of digestate affected inflows and outflows of nutrients and potentially toxic elements on four organic farms with different solutions for digestate production. Mass flows and element concentrations were documented 3 years on three dairy farms and one crop farm and used for calculating farm budgets. Nitrogen and phosphorus (P) budgets were also calculated for biogas reactor and storage pits on three farms. Nitrogen surplus exhibited large variation (18–87 kg N ha−1 year−1) at farm level, with purchased digestate or poultry manure giving major N inputs. The risk of process losses was high, with up to 40% of N and P in feedstock entering farm biogas reactors not recovered in digestate. The proportion of NH4-N in total N in digestate was slightly higher (2–9%) or lower (37%) than in feedstocks entering farm biogas reactors. Improved stirring in farm biogas reactors and storage pits to decrease N and P sedimentation, particularly when digesting poultry manure, would directly increase digestate value. Two farms purchasing digestate from central biogas plants received a digestate causing significant cadmium inputs. Keeping records on element flows can help to tailor the use of digestate for organic farms to achieve a sustainable use of nutrients.
16.	Stenberg, Maria, et al. (författare) Nitrogen management strategies in organic winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) production 2013 Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 3, s. 71-82 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The efficiency of four different organic fertilisers applied to winter oilseed rape, before (early) or at the beginning of regrowth in spring (normal application time), was studied in two row spacing systems of 12 and 48 cm with inter row hoeing to provide strategies to optimise spring nitrogen (N) fertilisation to organic winter oilseed rape. Six annual field experiments were performed during 2005-2008 in south central Sweden. The following amendments, i.e., Vinass from yeast production, Biofer meat and bone meal, dairy slurry and chicken manure, were applied at a rate corresponding to 100 kgN ha-1. CropN uptake, seed yield and oil content indicated greater and earlier N availability of Vinass after application compared with the other amendments. Yield increased by 1,300 kg ha-1 at early spring application (27 March) of Vinass and by 700 kg ha-1 when applied at normal application time (18-26 April). The yield increase was 400 kg ha-1 regardless of application time of Biofer, chicken manure and dairy slurry. The substantially greater yield increase in the Vinass application in relation to the other fertilisers demonstrated the yield potential when N is available earlier. The smaller effect on the yield by the other organic amendments indicated that the N release was not synchronised with the crop demand, and available too late during crop development to affect yield or less N was available due to N losses. Consequently, only Vinass can be recommended for spring application. The two row spacing systems tested can both be recommended, since yield levels were similar.
17.	Wallenbeck, Anna, et al. (författare) Characteristics of organic dairy major farm types in seven European countries 2019 Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 9, s. 275–291- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
18.	Wallenbeck, Anna, et al. (författare) Leg health, growth and carcass characteristics in growing-finishing pigs of two different genotypes reared on Swedish organic farms 2020 Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 10, s. 97-103 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Increased prevalence of joint abnormalities at slaughter among pigs from organically certified herds in Sweden has been reported. Most of these abnormalities are caused by osteochondrosis, which has a genetic background. Thus, we investigated whether changing the sire breed from the commonly used Hampshire to the commercially available sire breed Duroc affected joint health and growth rate. We studied 766 commercially reared growing-finishing pigs from insemination of the mother sow until slaughter. The pigs were raised at four commercial organic farms (integrated or externally integrated, and had 40–160 sows in production)and slaughtered at one slaughter plant. We found no significant difference between the offspring of the two sire breeds regarding back conformation, leg conformation, swollen joints, locomotion or lameness at 13 or 24 weeks of age, or regarding joint abnormalities at slaughter. This indicates that clinical leg health will not be improved by changing sire breed. However, the Hampshire-sired pigs had higher daily growth rate(P< 0.008), allowing earlier slaughter.
19.	Wallenbeck, Anna, et al. (författare) Preferences for pig breeding goals among organic and conventional farmers in Sweden 2016 Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 6, s. 171-182 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
20.	Wiberg, Sofia Elisabet (författare) Description of organic pig production in Europe 2014 Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 4, s. 83-92 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
21.	Wivstad, Maria (författare) Organic Agriculture 3.0 is innovation with research 2017 Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 7, s. 169-197 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
22.	Wivstad, Maria, et al. (författare) Survey of farm-gate N and P balances on arable and dairy organic and conventional farms in Sweden—basis for improved management 2023 Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 13:3, s. 411- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract About half of all N and P loads to Swedish waters originate from agriculture and must decrease to reach environmental goals. Studying nutrient management at farm level can provide an understanding of nutrient recycling and the risk of losses. In a survey of organic and conventional dairy and arable farms in three southern counties of Sweden, farm-gate N and P balances and N use efficiency (NUE) were analysed. Crop distribution differed significantly between organic and conventional farms, with organic dairy farms having higher proportions of ley and pulse crops and organic arable farms having a much higher proportion of N-fixing crops than corresponding conventional farms. Conventional dairy and arable farms had on average 70% and 40% higher N surplus than corresponding organic farms. Farm-gate P surplus was larger on conventional dairy farms and much larger on organic arable farms, mainly due to purchase of P-rich organic fertilisers. Organic dairy farms had higher NUE than corresponding conventional farms, but the opposite was true for arable farms. However, in the southernmost county Skåne, where soil fertility and yield potential are high, NUE was similar on all arable farms. Total inputs of N and P were positively correlated with N and P surpluses, especially on dairy farms. Improved manure and crop residue management, reduced use of purchased mineral N fertilisers coupled to more uniform within-farm distribution of manure, use of catch crops, intercropping and organic fertilisers with appropriate N:P ratio are measures that can reduce farm nutrient surpluses and improve nutrient management on both organic and conventional farms.
23.	Åkerfeldt, Magdalena, et al. (författare) Chicory and red clover silage in diets to finishing pigs—influence on performance, time budgets and social interactions 2019 Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 9, s. 127-138 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
24.	Åkerfeldt, Magdalena, et al. (författare) Health and welfare in organic livestock production systems—a systematic mapping of current knowledge 2021 Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 11, s. 105-132 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract This review aimed to systematically map and summarize the status of animal health and welfare in organic production. The prevalence of diseases and behavioural effects in organic dairy cow, beef cattle, sheep, pig, laying hen and broiler chicken were discussed in the context of the organic values and current knowledge on animal health and welfare. In total 166 peer-reviewed scientific publications between 2008 and 2020 were included. No strong evidence for neither inferior nor distinctly higher animal welfare in organic compared with conventional production could be supported. The welfare status of organic livestock is in general good in relation to the OIE definition of animal health and welfare. However, organic systems are still facing several challenges related to animal health and the arising of goal conflicts due to management and practical implications. Greater possibilities to perform species-specific behaviours in organic production systems, however, indicate that the organic standards offer a good framework for high animal welfare management. For organic dairy farmers, the main health problems are similar to those of non-organic farms; especially mastitis and lameness need improvement. Parasites, together with mastitis and lamb mortality, are important welfare issues in organic sheep production. Piglet mortality, leg problems, parasite load and increasing respiratory problems are of major relevance in organic pig production. For organic laying hens, major health challenges relate to feather pecking and cannibalism, parasites and possibilities to express species-specific behaviours. For organic broilers, dermatitis of footpads, hocks and breast are reported as main health issues.
25.	Alam, Mehboob, et al. (författare) Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on spinach and rocket as affected by inoculum and time to harvest 2014 Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturæ. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 165, s. 235-241 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Irrigation water is an important vehicle for dissemination of human pathogens to plants. As contamination in an early stage of the production chain cannot necessarily be counteracted later, cultural measures to reduce the contamination risk need to be adopted during primary production. In a two-factorial greenhouse experiment, we studied the impact of inoculum density and the interval between irrigation and haivest on the prevalence of an inoculated gfp-tagged non-pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli O157:H7. The strain was inoculated with the irrigation water at a density of log 5.6, log 6.6 and log 7.6 CFU ml(-1) into the phyllosphere of fully grown crops of rocket and spinach (BBCH 49). The crops were then harvested after 3, 24,48 and 72 h. The introduced strain decreased exponentially in numbers within 72 h, to 49.6%, 52.6% and 50.6%, respectively, in the spinach and to 58.5%, 67.4% and 73.4% in the rocket. No differences were found in the number of the total viable count of aerobic bacteria and of Enterobacteriaceae as assessed on tryptic soy agar (TSA) and violet red bile dextrose agar (VRBD), respectively. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes of randomly selected isolates from VRBD were identified as Enterobacter cloaceae, Enterobacter ludwigii, Pantoea sp. and Raoultella planticola as the dominant Enterobacteriaceae species in the rocket and spinach phyllosphere. We found that cessation of irrigation for three days seems not to be an adequate sanitisation treatment to exclude the possibility of viable E. coil 0157:H7 cells on spinach or rocket. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
26.	Alsanius, Beatrix, et al. (författare) Ornamental flowers in new light: Artificial lighting shapes the microbial phyllosphere community structure of greenhouse grown sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) 2017 Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 216, s. 234-247 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Artificial assimilation lighting is a common practice in greenhouse horticulture in the circumpolar region to compensate for natural low light conditions. To modulate plant architecture, regulate flowering of photoperiodic crops, increase plant performance per energy input and consequently profitability, light emitting diodes (LEDs) have been suggested as a powerful tool for ornamental growers in complementary or replacement of conventional lighting such as incandescent, fluorescent and high pressure sodium (HPS) lamps. As LED light differs from HPS lamps with regard to spectral output, light distribution as well as heat emission, the microclimate within the crop stand is affected. In two independent experiments conducted in fall and winter, we therefore compared the effect of two types of LED light (red 660 nm + blue 460 nm LED, 80:20 RB-LED; white LED, W-LED) with HPS lighting on ornamental sunflowers (Helianthus annuus cv. 'Teddy Bear'). Depending of the solar radiation (fall vs winter experiments), a same PPFD of 70-120 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) of artificial lighting (photoperiod of 16 h) was given at the top of the plants. Plant growth performance and biomass, leaf temperature, photobiological parameters (photosynthetic activity, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence) as well as the leaf associated microbiome, assessed using culture dependent and independent methods on apical, directly exposed to the light treatments, and basal leaves, were studied. As expected, significant differences were obtained for plant related parameters between the two repetitions of the experiment due to difference in solar radiation. Light treatments influenced plant growth performance which was lower for all parameters in sunflowers exposed to LEDs than HPS. However, no differences were found with respect to photobiological parameters. Top leaf temperature was higher in the presence of HPS than LEDs, which explained the lower plant growth performance observed under LED regimes. Colony-forming units representing culturable fungi and fluorescent pseudomonads were higher on basal leaves than on apical ones, but did not vary with respect to light treatments. On the other hand, biodiversity estimated with respect to species abundance and evenness (Shannon-H index) and species richness (Chao1) revealed different patterns for the fungal and bacterial microbiome. Regardless of the leaf position, light treatments affected fungal species abundance and evenness, which was highest on leaves exposed to HPS, but not species richness. The fungal microbiome was more diverse on apical than on basal leaves. For the bacterial microbiome, biodiversity estimates differed between the repetitions. Interactions between leaf temperature and bacterial genera were found for several of the dominant genera in the sunflower phyllosphere (Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Enhydro bacter) while other decisive bacterial and fungal genera were correlated to photobiological parameters, e.g. Bradyrhizobium, Sphingomonas, Brevibatericum, Bacillus, Hypotrachyna, Aureobasidium. The use of "new light" in greenhouse ornamentals is not only a technological change modifying plant morphology and development, but also affects the microbial ecology on plant surfaces, implying consequences on plant protection issues and biological control strategies. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
27.	Alsanius, Beatrix (författare) Recent advances in organic horticulture technology and management 2016 Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 208, s. 1-2 Annan publikation (refereegranskat)
28.	Asp, Håkan, et al. (författare) Nutrient utilization and growth of tomato crops fertilized with solid anaerobic digestate 2024 Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 329 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Anaerobic digestate is a valuable resource for horticultural production, as it contains nutrients and fibers that can be used in plant growing medium. However, compared with hydroponic production based on mineral fertilizers, obtaining accurate nutrient supply at each stage of the growth cycle may be challenging. In an experiment using container-grown tomato crops, we evaluated different fertilization regimes with solid anaerobic digestate (SAD). Four different treatments were compared, two involving different proportions (19 % and 37 % by volume) of SADs in the peat-based growing medium, one treatment where growing medium with 37 % SAD was inoculated with active nitrifying bacteria, and one treatment where 15 % (v/v) of the peat in growing medium with 37 % SAD was replaced with sawdust to control nitrogen (N) availability during cultivation. A mineral-fertilized treatment (N-P-K 5–1-5) with approximately similar N amount as in the treatment with 37 % SAD was used as reference. Nutrient availability, nutrient uptake efficiency, crop performance (plant growth, biomass accumulation), and plant stress (chlorophyll fluorescence) were monitored during cultivation. The concentration of ammonium was initially high (190–416 mg/L substrate) in the growing media fertilized with anaerobic digestate, while the concentration of nitrate was low. Readily available ammonium concentration decreased rapidly during cultivation, to around 50 % after 10 days and to almost 100 % by the end of the cultivation. Available nitrate concentration was initially low (0–8 mg/L in the different treatments) and decreased to zero within a week, but increased slightly from day 40 of cultivation. Nutrient use efficiency was generally higher (15–50 % for different nutrients) in the treatment with 19 % digestate. Inclusion of sawdust in the growing medium decreased nutrient use efficiency by 30–50 %. Compared with the mineral-fertilizer reference, biomass production was lower in all treatments fertilized with digestate, with 37 % and 19 % SAD resulting in 62 % and 47 % of total biomass obtained in the reference, and similar reductions in yield of harvestable fruits. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements indicated elevated plant stress in the treatments fertilized with SAD. Addition of sawdust or nitrifying bacteria did not help to control nitrogen availability during cultivation. Therefore, anaerobic digestate fertilizers need further optimization before they can be a competitive alternative to mineral fertilizers.
29.	Barcelo, Marta, et al. (författare) Isolation and culture of strawberry protoplasts and field evaluation of regenerated plants 2019 Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : ELSEVIER. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 256 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Protoplasts are an useful biotechnological tool for plant improvement In strawberry, very few studies on protoplast technology have been carried out. In this investigation, a procedure for the isolation and culture of strawberry protoplasts, cv. 'Chandler', has been developed. The effect of several factors affecting the successful isolation of protoplasts and formation of microcalli, e.g. explant source, washing procedure, hormonal composition of the culture medium and protoplast density, were evaluated. For shoot regeneration, microcalli derived from isolated protoplasts were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg l(-1) NAA and either 5 mg l(-1) BA or 3 mgl(-1) TDZ, obtaining a similar regeneration rate, 17%, in both media. Twenty-one independent protoclones were transferred to field conditions for agronomic evaluation. Significant alterations in the growth habit, density of foliage, leaf color and leaf morphology were detected in some lines. Fruit yield was significantly reduced in 15 out of the 21 protoclones evaluated due to a reduction in fruit weight and/or the number of fruits. Ploidy level was unaffected in a sample of 6 lines selected at random; however, a study of genetic stability by using 10 EST-SSR markers showed genetic alterations in all the lines analyzed. Despite the high rate of somaclonal variation detected in the protoclones, some of the lines displayed an agronomical behavior similar to control plants, indicating that this protocol could be useful for genetic improvement in this species.
30.	Bergstrand, Karl-Johan (författare) Acclimatisation of greenhouse crops to differing light quality 2016 Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 204, s. 1-7 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract High-intensity discharge (HID) and light-emitting diode (LED) lights have been widely compared for use in greenhouse plant production but the results are contradictory. In order to obtain more data on the effects of different light sources on plant growth, growth chamber experiments with high pressure sodium (HPS) or LED light and one treatment with alternating HPS and LED light (three days each) were carried out using tomato and rose as model plants. The LED lamps used were composed of blue (B, peak emissions 402, 419, and 445 nm) and red/far red (R/FR, peaks in 663 and 737 nm) LEDs. Plant growth parameters were recorded, as were photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content, leaf temperature, leaf spectral properties and light penetration into the canopy. In roses, stem elongation and leaf area were generally lower for plants grown under LED light while fresh and dry weight was unaffected by the lamp type. For tomato, plants grown in alternating LED and HPS lamps had lower fresh weight as compared with HPS. Specific photosynthetic capacity (A(max)) and maximum quantum yield of PSII (F-v/F-m) were higher in leaves developed under LED light than HPS. Leaf transmittance and reflectance were higher for leaves grown in HPS light, which also gave better penetration of light into the canopy. Plants subjected to alternating light regimes generally resembled LED treatment plants more than HPS plants. Leaf temperature was higher under HPS (0.9-1.3 degrees C) favouring plants growing in chambers with HPS light. Leaf temperature and the amount of blue light supplied were concluded to be key factors for plant performance.
31.	Bergstrand, Karl-Johan (författare) Organic fertilizers in greenhouse production systems - a review 2022 Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 295 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract From a sustainability point of view, there are strong arguments of nutrient recycling within the society, which means more use of organic nutrient sources within agriculture and horticulture. At the same time, there is an increasing consumer demand for certified organic products, and incentives from governments to increase the conversion of production areas to organic production. This also applies to greenhouse horticulture. Many different raw materials for organic fertilizers are used as of today, such as animal manures, slaughterhouse byproducts, vegetable byproducts, green manure, algae, composts, anaerobic digestates etc. In common for all these fertilizer types is that they are limited in availability, not always consistent with respect to nutrient content, and that they require microbial degradation in order to mineralize its content of nutrients, and are thereby more or less to be characterized as slow release fertilizers. Greenhouse horticulture is different from open field agriculture in several ways with respect to nutrient supply. Firstly, the use of fallow crops and crop rotation is not practical due to the high investment costs bound in the greenhouse structure. Secondly, growth per unit area is significantly higher than in outdoor production, with subsequently higher nutrient demand, often concentrated to a relatively short period of time. On the other hand, climatic factors such as soil temperature and moisture can be controlled which is beneficial for the control of nutrient release. Traditionally, animal by-products such as manure and slaughterhouse wastes have been widely used as organic fertilizers. However, limited availability and ethical concerns is currently driving forces in the search for alternative nutrient sources. The use of solid and liquid anaerobic digestates as fertilizers is a promising practice for greenhouse horticulture. Energy is a “by product” from the production and the nutrient content of the digestates can be modified by feeding the anaerobic reactor with different stock. Furthermore, it is suggested that techniques for fine-tuning the nutrient supply in organic greenhouse horticulture is further developed and adopted, such as the use of microbial biofertilizers and foliar sprays.
32.	Carotti, Laura, et al. (författare) Far-red radiation management for lettuce growth: Physiological and morphological features leading to energy optimization in vertical farming 2024 Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 334 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Recently, far-red wavelengths (FR, 700–750 nm) have been largely investigated in indoor cultivation systems due to their morphological effects on plants (e.g., leaf expansion and stem elongation), resulting also in increasing yield. This work investigated the effect of substituting part of the red (R) and blue (B) radiation with far-red radiation, while keeping constant the photon flux density, in the light spectrum for lettuce grown in a vertical farm. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. Canasta) plants were transplanted and grown in an ebb-and-flow system for 29 days. During the cycle, plants were subjected to five different light treatments: a control treatment consisting of an optimized R and B spectrum (ratio of 3; RB3) with a photosynthetic photon flux density of 200 µmol m−2 s−1, and four treatments in which R and B were partially replaced by 10, 30, 50 and 70 µmol m−2 s−1 of FR light, resulting in an increasing FR fraction. Biomass production and most of the morphological parameters were affected from 15 days after transplanting (DAT), while stomatal conductance from 22 DAT. Leaf greenness and specific leaf area values were influenced by the FR radiation starting from 8 DAT. At 29 DAT, substitution of an amount of R and B photons equal to 30 (RB3–30) or 50 (RB3–50) µmol m−2 s−1 with the same amount of FR radiation resulted in increased leaf biomass in both fresh (+49 and +47%, respectively) and dry weight (+45 and +42%, respectively). With RB3–30, the increase was due to leaf area expansion (+103%), whereas stomatal conductance (gs) and quantum efficiency of photosystem II (ΦPSII) did not change compared with the spectrum with only R and B. With RB3–50, gs and ΦPSII decreased compared with RB3 (-27 and -6%, respectively), but the greater biomass accumulation was supported by the greater leaf expansion (+119 %). The adoption of RB3–30 and RB3–50 also promoted light use efficiency (+45 and +42 %, respectively), lighting energy use efficiency (+48 and +53 %, respectively) and therefore the overall energy performance of the system. The adoption of RB3–30 and RB3–50 is a valid strategy to increase yield for lettuce production, but further studies, also in relation to blue radiation intensity, are needed to avoid the negative effect on leaf pigmentation.
33.	Caspersen, Siri, et al. (författare) Blueberry-Soil interactions from an organic perspective 2016 Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 208, s. 78-91 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Demand for organic blueberries has risen in response to consumers' interest in healthy eating and greater awareness of the environment. Although organic production systems share many challenges with conventional systems, they have specific limitations and questions. Synchronisation of plant nutrient demand with the release of mineral nutrients from organic nutrient sources presents a particular challenge for the organic grower. In this paper we address belowground challenges in blueberry production from an organic perspective, such as soil properties and amendments as well as the choice of mulching material and organic fertilisers. We also address potential toxicity problems for blueberries associated with high concentrations of aluminium and manganese as well as salt stress. Symbiosis with ericoid mycorrhizal fungi is of potential interest in organic blueberry production as the fungi may improve plant access to nutrients from organic sources. The effects of management factors and limitations associated with the commercial utilisation of the symbiosis are also discussed.
34.	Caspersen, Siri, et al. (författare) Phosphorus restriction influences P efficiency and ornamental quality of poinsettia and chrysanthemum 2020 Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 267 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Better synchronization of plant-available phosphorus (P) with crop P requirement is required to reduce P losses to the environment and to improve resource-efficiency of the exploitation of non-renewable phosphate rock. In horticultural plant production, a restricted availability of P may limit stem length and improve compactness, which are desirable characters for many ornamental plants. In the present study, we investigated the effect of reduced availability of P on plant quality, biomass production and phosphorus efficiency of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima cv. 'Mira Red') and chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum x morifolium cv. 'Breeze Cassis'). Five P concentrations (6, 12, 18, 24 or 48 mg L-1)were applied as starter Pin the peat-based potting substrate as well as in the nutrient solution given during the experiment. Stem length of both plant species was strongly restricted at 6 mg P L-1 but was not significantly affected by higher P levels. For poinsettia, the optimum bract diameter was obtained at 18 mg P L-1. For maximum shoot dry biomass, branching and plant diameter, however, 24 mg L-1 was needed. Optimal plant diameter and shoot biomass of chrysanthemum was obtained at 18 mg P L-1 while 24 mg L-1 was required for maximum flower number. Increasing the P supply to 48 mg L-1 did not improve shoot dry matter, branching or flowering of either species, but induced luxury uptake of P. Total shoot P uptake increased linearly over the P fertilizer range tested. For optimal plant biomass combined with optimal ornamental quality, shoot P concentrations at 90 DAP was in the range of 0.30-0.35 % for poinsettia and 0.25-0.30 % for chrysanthemum. Chrysanthemum showed a higher phosphorus efficiency than poinsettia at low P levels, mainly related to a higher internal P utilization efficiency. The P acquisition efficiency was in the range of 55-60 0 /0 for both species, and was not significantly affected by the total amount of P applied. In conclusion, with the P fertilization strategy used, P restriction could not be used for plant height restriction of poinsettia "Mira Red" or chrysanthemum "Breeze Cassis" without negative effects on plant quality. However, P fertilization could be markedly reduced without negative effects on plant growth and development, improving phosphorus efficiency and recovery.
35.	de Jonge, Jennifer (författare) A seed treatment to prevent shoot apical meristem arrest in Brassica oleracea 2018 Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 228, s. 76-80 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Brassica oleracea plants can suffer from shoot apical meristem arrest, when sown at cold temperatures, giving rise to so-called blind seedlings that stop development and the formation of new leaves. We developed a seed treatment that strongly reduces the occurrence of this meristem arrest in kohlrabi and cabbage seedlings. The developed treatment involves soaking the seeds in water for one hour at 22 degrees C before sowing at 0-2 degrees C. The reduction of susceptibility to induction of shoot apical meristem arrest could be maintained when seeds were dried after the pre-soaking treatment. A strong reduction in susceptibility could also be obtained by incubating the seeds for four hours with a limited amount of water to 20% moisture content. However, when the hydration was performed at seed moisture levels between 30 and 50%, the sensitivity to shoot apical meristem arrest was regained upon drying. The developed treatment to prevent the occurrence of shoot apical meristem arrest can easily be upscaled for implementation at the commercial level.
36.	Gustavsson, Karl-Erik, et al. (författare) Different types of organic pop-up fertilizers in carrot cultivation: Effects on the concentrations of polyacetylenes and sugars 2018 Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 230, s. 126-133 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The effects on the concentration of falcarinol-type of polyacetylenes and sugars at harvest and after storage of carrots after application of different types (powder, digestate, two micro-granular) of organic pop-up fertilizer, where the fertilizer was placed in small amounts together with the seeds, were studied. Both groups of investigated compounds reflect important sensory attributes of the carrots, while polyacetylenes are considered as potentially health-promoting compounds. Results showed that the type of pop-up organic fertilizer as well as the dose can affect the concentrations of polyacetylenes and sugars. The dose of nitrogen applied did not seem to alone affect the concentration of polyacetylenes in carrots, while low amounts of applied phosphorus could be related to higher amounts of falcarindiol. The liquid digestate resulted in the highest concentrations of poly acetylenes in two of the treatments, even though the applied doses of digestate contained among the lowest amounts of nutrients. Storage resulted in both increases and decreases of total polyacetylenes, falcarindiol and falcarinol, while falcarindiol-3-acetate generally increased during storage. The sugars showed less variation due to the type or dose of fertilizer applied, as compared with the polyacetylenes.
37.	Gustavsson, Larisa, et al. (författare) Genetic diversity in Swedish and Finnish heirloom apple cultivars revealed with SSR markers 2013 Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 162, s. 43-48 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A set of 85 heirloom apple cultivars aimed for long-term preservation in two germplasm collections in Sweden and Finland was evaluated with 8 SSR primer pairs to evaluate genetic diversity and genetic relatedness. An additional set of 16 European cultivars was included for comparison. The eight SSR primer pairs amplified 9 loci and 105 alleles. Genetic analyses performed by MDS indicated some differentiation between Swedish and Finnish cultivars, with European cultivars intermixed with the Swedish. The existence of three groups was, however, indicated by a Bayesian model-based clustering. One of the groups was clearly dominated by Swedish cultivars and another by Finnish. The third group included almost equal proportions of representatives from all three areas. The obtained results confirmed the genetic distinctness of Finnish apple cultivars, which can be explained by climate adaptation and admixture with a Russian gene pool. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
38.	Iwarsson, Mattias (författare) Identification of weeping crabapple cultivars by microsatellite DNA markers and morphological traits 2014 Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 179, s. 221-226 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Ornamental crabapples are small landscape trees with charming flowers, colourful fruits and many growth forms. The first weeping crabapple cultivars, Malus prunifolia ‘Pendula' and ‘Pendula Nova', were described in Sweden around 150 years ago. Our study was aimed at identification and characterization of weeping crabapple clones by microsatellite markers and morphological traits. We analysed 13 Swedish and Finnish trees and 8 reference accessions including M. prunifolia ‘Pendula' and three international cultivars belonging to its progeny. The 21 trees represented 13 distinct genotypes. Five local trees were identified as the historical ‘Pendula', assumed to be extinct from the nursery trade. On the basis of morphological traits and historical records, two old Swedish trees were concluded to represent ‘Pendula Nova'. The authenticity of the trees could not be confirmed by DNA markers because no known plant of the old cultivar was found in botanical collections. The Finnish clone ‘Hyvingiensis' proved unique among the crabapple accessions studied. ‘Hyvingiensis' was probably raised from seed at the Finnish State Railways Nurseries about 110 years ago. Several mislabellings were revealed among both the local and the reference samples. A novel identification key was created to aid discrimination between the clones by their morphological traits. A combination of DNA fingerprints, comparison of morphological traits and tracing information in relevant archives and old garden literature proved useful for solving the origin and identity of weeping crabapples. The results contribute to conservation of garden plants and stabilization of horticultural nomenclature.
39.	Levinsson, Anna, et al. (författare) Influence of nursery production system on water status in transplanted trees 2014 Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 178, s. 124-131 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the nursery production system on post-transplant water uptake and stress in urban trees during the establishment phase. Field-grown trees of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L) and red oak (Quercus rubra L) were either transplanted as bare-rooted or balled & burlapped, or subjected to fine-root-stimulating measures (in so called pre-establishing systems) as root-pruning, air-potting or fabric-container-cultivation in the nurseries one year prior to transplanting. All trees were planted at two sites: one occasionally dry site in the city of Malmö and one with adequate water supply at all times, at an experimental rural site at Alnarp campus, both in Sweden. Shoot water potential was determined every third week at midday and pre-dawn the following morning during the three first years after transplanting. Leaf surface area was measured annually. The red oak trees from the pre-establishing systems showed higher water potentials at every measuring occasion compared to that of bare-rooted red oak trees at the rural site during the first year. The air-potted sweet cherry trees at the rural site had higher midday water potential than the bare-rooted trees at every measuring occasion during the first year. Leaf surface area was larger for air-potted red oaks than bare-rooted red oaks during the first post-transplant year (p < 0.001, both sites). The differences between the production systems did not persist during the following two years. Leaf surface area was restored to pre-transplant size in all trees at the rural site after three years but still reduced at the urban site. These results suggest that the pre-establishing systems do have an impact on water status when soil water availability is sufficient, but less significance in typically urban areas, with limited soil water during the initial post-transplant phase. The results indicate that red oak and sweet cherry trees planted in an urban context, with occasionally low soil water amounts, are not favored by cultivation in pre-establishing systems prior to transplant, and that low water availability cannot be compensated for by high amounts of fine roots. Good establishment management is required also for trees submitted to pre-establishing measures.
40.	Lv, Yanrong, et al. (författare) Effect of ozone application on bioactive compounds of apple fruit during short-term cold storage 2019 Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 253, s. 49-60 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Recently ozone has been used to decrease postharvest disease in different fruits. The effects of different prestorage ozone treatments combined with cold storage on concentrations of triterpenes, phenolic compounds as well as quality attributes in two apple cultivars, 'Amorosa' and 'Santana', were investigated. The results showed that overall the changes caused by ozone treatment were within the range of fluctuations normally occurring in untreated apples during storage. Ursolic acid concentration in the apple peel of both cultivars was not affected by any ozone treatment, while oleanolic acid showed cultivar-specific changes. After one month of storage, the concentration of total phenols in the peel of both cultivars was decreased 11 to 16% by gaseous ozone as well as ozonated water treatment, mainly due to decreased total flavonols concentration; while no differences were found in the concentration of total phenols in the apple flesh by ozone treatments. Procyanidin B2 and (-)-epicatechin were only detectable in 'Amorosa' but not in 'Santana'.
41.	Mårtensson, Anna (författare) Different agronomic and fertilization systems affect polyphenolic profile, antioxidant capacity and mineral composition of lettuce 2016 Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 204, s. 106-115 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The present paper aims to investigate phenolic profiles, antioxidant capacity and mineral composition of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L, var. 'Maravilla de Verano') grown under conventional (CON) and an organic (ORG) systems with four different fertilization treatments. The polyphenolic profiles of leaf extracts were determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), the levels of mineral elements by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, whereas total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were determined spectrophotometrically. Yield, soil and meteorological parameters were measured. In all the fertilization treatments, total phenolic acids and flavonols in CON were significantly higher compared to ORG. A trend parallel to that of single phenols was observed for total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity. Plant mineral distribution revealed significant changes between CON and ORG systems in some plant macronutrients (N, Mg, S, Na, Fe) and micronutrients (Se, Mn, Mo). The differences among fertilization treatments for all the parameters considered were also discussed. From the overall analysis of the results, the higher content of phenolics observed in CON system could be associated to the presence of more stressful conditions, in terms of plant and/or soil mineral deficits. On the other hand, the adoption of an organic management determined higher yields and a better plant mineral balance. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
42.	Nordlander, Josefine, et al. (författare) Genetic diversity in gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa), as estimated with SSR markers 2022 Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 306 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract European gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa L.) is a popular berry crop in many European countries, including Sweden, Denmark and Ukraine. There is no active gooseberry breeding programme in either Sweden or Denmark, but a successful programme is operating in Ukraine. In Sweden and Denmark, research on gooseberries is primarily focused on collection and phenotypic evaluation of genetic resources. As part of these activities, a large number of inventory finds have been collected but have not yet been characterised morphologically or molecularly. The goal of this study was thus to characterise gooseberry germplasm with 15 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. From 242 accessions analysed, 153 unique genotypes were identified. Cultivars that have been in widespread cultivation in Sweden, such as the Finnish cultivars ‘Hinnonmäen Keltainen’ and ‘Hinnonmäen Punainen’, had relatively large numbers of synonymous samples. While many inventory finds were identifiable as synonyms of known cultivars, several were found to constitute unique genotypes within the germplasm studied. The studied genotypes clustered relatively well in three posterior groups, consisting of cultivars originating before and after the American gooseberry mildew (Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) outbreak around 1900 and cultivars originating from the territory of the former Soviet Union. A fourth genetic cluster consisting mainly of inventory finds from central and northern Sweden was also identified. In addition, it was possible to verify recorded and stipulated parentages for some of the cultivars studied and to identify three likely parent-parent-child trios. Thus, inventories of local gooseberry germplasm and a subsequent genotyping proved successful in finding unique local genotypes, with potential local adaptation. The data obtained provide a foundation for future studies of gooseberry genetic resources, while also illustrating the importance of a well-curated and phenotypically characterised set of reference cultivars for future studies.
43.	Ortiz Rios, Rodomiro Octavio (författare) Additive relationships and parent-offspring regression in Musa germplasm with intergeneration genome size polymorphism 2012 Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 136, s. 69-74 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Parent-offspring regression has often been used for the estimation of breeding value and narrow-sense heritability in experimental populations. particularly for diploid species with regular disomic inheritance. With polysomic inheritance, estimates of heritability based on parent-offspring regression are expected to be systematically biased, particularly when intra- and inter-generation ploidy polymorphisms occur as a result of unusual megasporogenesis. Measuring the discrepancy between true and estimated heritability has important theoretical and practical implications for the genetic improvement of plantain and bananas. In this regard, formulas were developed to describe the relationships between parental and filial generations with different ploidy states and this information was used to estimate heritability for several traits of plantains and bananas. This approach may be extended to other polysomic species with similar meiotic behaviour and ploidy polymorphism. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
44.	Ortiz Rios, Rodomiro Octavio (författare) Repeatability and optimum trial configuration for field-testing of banana and plantain 2012 Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 140, s. 39-44 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
45.	Qian, Minjie, et al. (författare) UV-A light induces a robust and dwarfed phenotype in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) without affecting fruit yield 2020 Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 263 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Solar ultraviolet (UV) light influences plant growth and metabolism. Whereas high doses of UV can be deleterious for plants, natural UV doses are important for morphogenesis in many plants species, including those used in horticulture. Greenhouses are widely used for horticultural production and common cladding materials strongly absorb UV. Thus, low amounts of UV may be limiting the optimal development in some plant species. Light supplementation using UV tubes can overcome UV deficiency. Here we study cucumber seedling production in the absence or presence of different UV wavelengths. UV-A- (315-400 nm) and UV-B- (280-315 nm) enriched light was used for exposure and parameters such as the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II, stem development (internode length and diameter, stem dry weight, stem weight per unit of stem length, and stem bending), root biomass, leaf biomass and specific leaf mass were measured. We found that UV-A supplementation resulted in shorter more compact and sturdy plants, properties that are positive from a horticultural perspective. In contrast, UV-B-enriched light led to even smaller plants that lacked the sturdy phenotype. There were no signs of decreased Fv/Fmunder any of the treatments, nor statistically significant differences in fruit yield between the control plants and the UV-treated plants when grown to harvest. In particular, the differences in fruit yield between the controls and the UV-A-treated plants were negligible in all cases. Thus, supplementary UV-A light can be an interesting alternative to chemical growth regulators for production of sturdy horticultural plants.
46.	Rosberg, Anna Karin, et al. (författare) Monitoring rhizosphere microbial communities in healthy and Pythium ultimum inoculated tomato plants in soilless growing systems 2014 Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 173, s. 106-113 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Closed hydroponic growing systems are commonly used for greenhouse production of vegetables. One of the main problems associated with these systems is the potential spread of plant root pathogens. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Community Level Physiological Profiling (CLPP) can be used as a method to monitor changes in the rhizosphere microbial communities inflicted by a pathogen. We studied the microbial communities of the roots from three different physiological stages of Pythium ultimum inoculated and non-inoculated tomato plants, with culture-dependent (CLPP and viable counts) and culture-independent methods (PCR-DGGE). The results showed that the presence of P. ultimum changed the utilization of carbon sources by the root microbiota, and significant differences were found between inoculated and non-inoculated plants. However, the differences in utilization patterns were larger between plant physiological stages than between treatments. Also with the results from PCR-DGGE it was confirmed that plant age was a stronger driver of the community structure than the introduction of a pathogen. CLPP is hence a good method for examining changes in microbial communities related to plant development, but regarding changes caused by the presence of a pathogen the method shows less potential. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
47.	Sehic, Jasna, et al. (författare) Genetic diversity and structure of Nordic plum germplasm preserved ex situ and on-farm 2015 Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 190, s. 195-202 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Different approaches for germplasm conservation can have considerable impact on the amount of genetic diversity captured. Nine SSR loci were used to compare genetic diversity and genetic structure of traditional Nordic plum accessions maintained using two different approaches; ex situ (germplasm collection, Balsgrd in Sweden), and on-farm (Southern Norway). In addition, eight international reference cultivars were included. A total of 204 distinct SSR alleles were amplified, revealing high overall diversity. Only one duplicate was found in the ex situ collection while numerous duplicates were found in the on-farm material. There was little differentiation between the three groups of samples, i.e. the Swedish ex situ collection, the Norwegian on-farm collection and the international reference cultivars. However, a Bayesian analysis of genetic structure revealed a clear difference in genetic structure between the Swedish ex situ collection and the Norwegian on-farm collection. After classifying the ex situ plum accessions into four different morphological groups/species, based on their pedigree data and phenotype, a more pronounced clustering was noted. The results of the Bayesian analyses thus indicated that 'Krikon' (subsp. insititia) and some possibly related genotypes from Norway form the most divergent cluster. Other morphological groups/species that could be discerned although with some overlap, are greengages (e.g. 'Reine Claude'), common European plum (exemplified with 'Victoria' and 'Stanley') and two Norwegian accessions with unknown affinity. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
48.	Sehic, Jasna, et al. (författare) Genetic diversity in a collection of European pear (Pyrus communis) cultivars determined with SSR markers chosen by ECPGR 2012 Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 145, s. 39-45 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are increasingly being used to confirm the identification of accessions in plant collections and/or to quantify their relatedness. However, the possibility to compare SSR data in different databases, is dependent on the use of identical SSR loci. Therefore, a standard set of 17 SSR loci was recently appointed by the European Cooperative Program for Plant Genetic Resources (ECPGR) for the screening of pear accessions. Here, we report the results from using 10 of these loci to fingerprint a total of 86 samples from Swedish pear collections including 49 mandate (heritage) cultivars, and 8 reference genotypes from Brogdale. The ability to compare our data with previously obtained data from fingerprinting the Brogdale collection with the same loci, allowed us to verify the labelling of some cultivars as well as to detect several synonyms and erroneous labellings. Obvious cases of mislabelling affected 14 of the analysed cultivars, i.e., 29%. A principal coordinates (PCO) analysis indicated that a loosely defined group of old Swedish cultivars might have an ancestry that differs from that of the new Swedish cultivars and from most of the foreign cultivars. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
49.	Sjöstrand, Joakim, et al. (författare) Comparison between IAD and other maturity indices in nine commercially grown apple cultivars 2024 Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 324 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract To maintain storage potential as long as possible, it is important to harvest fruit at optimal maturity. Different maturity indices have been developed, including flesh firmness, soluble solids content, starch degradation, ethylene production, and respiration rate. However, many of them are destructive, time consuming, and may be require some laboratory equipment to perform. The portable device DA-meter (measuring index of absorption difference; IAD) can monitor the chlorophyll decline non-destructively in the field, and could potentially save time. To evaluate the IAD in comparison with other maturity indices, nine common commercial cultivars of apple were investigated in a three-year trial. Correlations between IAD and other maturity indices, especially starch degradation and ripening index by Streif were strong in most cultivars, though variation between years lead to weaker correlations were found last year of the trial. The strongest correlations were found between IAD and harvest date showing that IAD decreased with time in all investigated cultivars. Comparison between IAD and ripening index by Streif showed in some cases that the two indices decreased at the same time, suggesting that IAD could be used to monitor maturity when it is rapid. The suitability to use IAD as a maturity index seems to be cultivar-dependent. For cultivars having a more consistent pattern between years in the decrease of IAD, combined with relatively low variation in IAD at any given time, it could be a good complement to other commonly used maturity indices.
50.	Skytte Af Sätra, Jonas, et al. (författare) Genetic Status of the Swedish Central collection of heirloom apple cultivars 2020 Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 272 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Cultivated apple is one of the most widely grown fruit crops worldwide. With the introduction of modern apple cultivars, from foreign and national breeding programs, the use of local cultivars decreased during the 20th century. In order to minimize genetic erosion and avoid loss of special genotypes, a number of local clonal archives were established across Sweden, with the goal of retaining old and local cultivars. About 220 apple cultivars, appointed for preservation, obtained the status of mandate cultivars. Initially, they were identified based on pomological traits, but prior to the establishment of the Swedish Central Collection they were genotyped with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. SSR markers helped to evaluate the status of the preserved material, as well as to find the best possible true-to-type source for propagation, thus guiding the establishment of the Central Collection. Recently, 215 accessions from this collection were genotyped using the 20 K apple Infinium (R) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, in order to gain insight into its genetic structure. The initial SSR analysis confirmed the identity of multiple samples with the same cultivar name grown in different locations and identified several mislabeled samples. In the subsequent SNP analysis we identified 30 clonal relationships and a number of parent-offspring relationships, including 18 trios. We also identified five cultivar samples with inconsistent ploidy levels between the SNP and SSR data, in some cases indicating problematic samples preserved in either the Central Collection or some of the local clonal archives. These cultivars need further investigation to ensure their true-to-typeness. Furthermore, the Swedish Central Collection has continued to grow since the onset of this work and now contains additional cultivars, which should be included in future studies. The results indicate that a number of the preserved mandate cultivars holds high potential value for modern breeding programs.

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