| 1. |
- Abbott, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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Patterning of children's sedentary time at and away from school
- 2013
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 21, s. E131-E133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective:Sedentary behavior in children is positively associated with an increased risk of both obesity and insulin resistance. Children spend a considerable portion of their awake time in sedentary behavior; however, the pattern of accumulation is not known. Thus the objective of this study was to describe the patterning of sedentary behavior of children at and away from school.Design and Methods:The patterns of sedentary time in a sample of 53 children (28 girls) aged 10-12 years during school-term time were examined. Children wore an accelerometer for 1 week. Total sedentary time, prolonged sequences (bouts) of sedentary time, and frequency of active interruptions to sedentary were examined on school days and weekends and within school time and non-school time on school days.Results:The data did not support our hypothesis that children accumulated more sedentary time on school days when compared with weekend days (mean [SD]: 64.4% [5.3] vs. 64.9% [9.0], P = 0.686). However, when comparing school time with non-school time on school days, children accumulated more sedentary time at school (66.8% [7.3] vs. 62.4% [5.2], P < 0.001) and spent more time at school in sustained sedentary sequences, that is, uninterrupted sedentary time for 30 min or more (75.6 min [45.8] vs. 45.0 min [26.8], P < 0.002). The children also recorded less breaks per sedentary hour within school time when compared with non-school time (8.9 h−1 vs. 10.2 h−1, P < 0.001).Conclusion:Reducing total sedentary time spent both in and out of school remains an important challenge. Interrupting sedentary time more often in the “working” (school) day could also reap important musculoskeletal and metabolic health rewards for children.
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| 2. |
- Ahlin, Sofie, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Macrophage Gene Expression in Adipose Tissue is Associated with Insulin Sensitivity and Serum Lipid Levels Independent of Obesity.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). - : Wiley. - 1930-739X .- 1930-7381. ; 21:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Obesity is linked to both increased metabolic disturbances and increased adipose tissue macrophage infiltration. However, whether macrophage infiltration directly influences human metabolism is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate if there are obesity-independent links between adipose tissue macrophages and metabolic disturbances. Design and Methods: Expression of macrophage markers in adipose tissue was analyzed by DNA microarrays in the SOS Sib Pair study and in patients with type 2 diabetes and a BMI-matched healthy control group. Results: The expression of macrophage markers in adipose tissue was increased in obesity and associated with several metabolic and anthropometric measurements. After adjustment for BMI, the expression remained associated with insulin sensitivity, serum levels of insulin, C-peptide, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) and triglycerides. In addition, the expression of most macrophage markers was significantly increased in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to the control group. Conclusion: Our study shows that infiltration of macrophages in human adipose tissue, estimated by the expression of macrophage markers, is increased in subjects with obesity and diabetes and associated with insulin sensitivity and serum lipid levels independent of BMI. This indicates that adipose tissue macrophages may contribute to the development of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.
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| 3. |
- Alenaini, Wareed, et al.
(författare)
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Ethnic Differences in Body Fat Deposition and Liver Fat Content in Two UK‐Based Cohorts
- 2020
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 28:11, s. 2142-2152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveDifferences in the content and distribution of body fat and ectopic lipids may be responsible for ethnic variations in metabolic disease susceptibility. The aim of this study was to examine the ethnic distribution of body fat in two separate UK‐based populations.MethodsAnthropometry and body composition were assessed in two separate UK cohorts: the Hammersmith cohort and the UK Biobank, both comprising individuals of South Asian descent (SA), individuals of Afro‐Caribbean descent (AC), and individuals of European descent (EUR). Regional adipose tissue stores and liver fat were measured by magnetic resonance techniques.ResultsThe Hammersmith cohort (n = 747) had a mean (SD) age of 41.1 (14.5) years (EUR: 374 men, 240 women; SA: 68 men, 22 women; AC: 14 men, 29 women), and the UK Biobank (n = 9,533) had a mean (SD) age of 55.5 (7.5) years (EUR: 4,483 men, 4,873 women; SA: 80 men, 43 women, AC: 31 men, 25 women). Following adjustment for age and BMI, no significant differences in visceral adipose tissue or liver fat were observed between SA and EUR individuals in the either cohort.ConclusionsOur data, consistent across two independent UK‐based cohorts, present a limited number of ethnic differences in the distribution of body fat depots associated with metabolic disease. These results suggest that the ethnic variation in susceptibility to features of the metabolic syndrome may not arise from differences in body fat.
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| 4. |
- Alvehus, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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The human visceral fat depot has a unique inflammatory profile
- 2010
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 18:5, s. 879-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity can be considered as a low-grade inflammatory condition, strongly linked to adverse metabolic outcomes. Obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation is characterized by infiltration of macrophages and increased cytokine and chemokine production. The distribution of adipose tissue impacts the outcomes of obesity, with the accumulation of fat in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and deep subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), but not superficial SAT, being linked to insulin resistance. We hypothesized that the inflammatory gene expression in deep SAT and VAT is higher than in superficial SAT. A total of 17 apparently healthy women (BMI: 29.3 +/- 5.5 kg/m2) were included in the study. Body fat (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and distribution (computed tomography) were measured, and insulin sensitivity, blood lipids, and blood pressure were determined. Inflammation-related differences in gene expression(real-time PCR) from VAT, superficial and deep SAT biopsies were analyzed using univariate and multivariate data analyses. Using multivariate discrimination analysis, VAT appeared as a distinct depot in adipose tissue inflammation,while the SAT depots had a similar pattern, with respect to gene expression. A significantly elevated (P < 0.01)expression of the CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in VAT contributed strongly to the discrimination. In conclusion, the human adipose tissue depots have unique inflammatory patterns, with CCR2 and MIF distinguishing between VAT and the SAT depots.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bake, Tina, et al.
(författare)
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Ghrelin Receptor Stimulation of the Lateral Parabrachial Nucleus in Rats Increases Food Intake but not Food Motivation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 28:8, s. 1503-1511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The lateral parabrachial nucleus (lPBN) in the brainstem has emerged as a key area involved in feeding control that is targeted by several circulating anorexigenic hormones. Here, the objective was to determine whether the lPBN is also a relevant site for the orexigenic hormone ghrelin, inspired by studies in mice and rats showing that there is an abundance of ghrelin receptors in this area. Methods This study first explored whether iPBN cells respond to ghrelin involving Fos mapping and electrophysiological studies in rats. Next, rats were injected acutely with ghrelin, a ghrelin receptor antagonist, or vehicle into the lPBN to investigate feeding-linked behaviors. Results Curiously, ghrelin injection (intracerebroventricular or intravenous) increased Fos protein expression in the lPBN yet the predominant electrophysiological response was inhibitory. Intra-lPBN ghrelin injection increased chow or high-fat diet intake, whereas the antagonist decreased chow intake only. In a choice paradigm, intra-lPBN ghrelin increased intake of chow but not lard or sucrose. Intra-lPBN ghrelin did not alter progressive ratio lever pressing for sucrose or conditioned place preference for chocolate. Conclusions The lPBN is a novel locus from which ghrelin can alter consummatory behaviors (food intake and choice) but not appetitive behaviors (food reward and motivation).
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Blomquist, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Attenuated Low-Grade Inflammation Following Long-Term Dietary Intervention in Postmenopausal Women with Obesity
- 2017
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 25:5, s. 892-900
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveAbdominal fat accumulation after menopause is associated with low-grade inflammation and increased risk of metabolic disorders. Effective long-term lifestyle treatment is therefore needed. MethodsSeventy healthy postmenopausal women (age 605.6 years) with BMI 32.55.5 were randomized to a Paleolithic-type diet (PD) or a prudent control diet (CD) for 24 months. Blood samples and fat biopsies were collected at baseline, 6 months, and 24 months to analyze inflammation-related parameters. ResultsAndroid fat decreased significantly more in the PD group (P=0.009) during the first 6 months with weight maintenance at 24 months in both groups. Long-term significant effects (P<0.001) on adipose gene expression were found for toll-like receptor 4 (decreased at 24 months) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (increased at 24 months) in both groups. Serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor levels were decreased at 24 months in both groups (P<0.001) with a significant diet-by-time interaction for serum IL-6 (P=0.022). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein was decreased in the PD group at 24 months (P=0.001). ConclusionsA reduction of abdominal obesity in postmenopausal women is linked to specific changes in inflammation-related adipose gene expression.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Bray, Molly S, et al.
(författare)
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NIH working group report-using genomic information to guide weight management: From universal to precision treatment.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-739X .- 1930-7381. ; 24:1, s. 14-22
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precision medicine utilizes genomic and other data to optimize and personalize treatment. Although more than 2,500 genetic tests are currently available, largely for extreme and/or rare phenotypes, the question remains whether this approach can be used for the treatment of common, complex conditions like obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance, which underlie a host of metabolic diseases.
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| 15. |
- Carlsson, Axel C., et al.
(författare)
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Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity and incident diabetes in elderly men
- 2014
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 22:2, s. 526-529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the association between hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) and insulin sensitivity (assessed by euglycemic clamp method), and the development of diabetes in a longitudinal community-based cohort of elderly men without diabetes at baseline.Design and Methods: The present cross-sectional study comprised 1,026, 70-year-old men without diabetes. The gold standard euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp technique was used. Six-year follow-up on diabetes status were available in n = 667. The HTGW phenotype was defined as having waist circumference >= 90 cm, and triglycerides >= 2 mmol L-1. The men were stratified into those having normal WC and TG (n = 299), one HTGW component (n = 606), and HTGW (n = 121).Results: The association between insulin sensitivity and one HTGW component as well as HTGW was highly significant (P < 0.001) in the whole sample, as well as in individuals with high/low BMI (stratified at >= 25). In longitudinal analyses, participants with HTGW was associated with a more than fourfold increased risk for diabetes (Odds ratio 4.64, 95% CI 1.61-13.4, P = 0.004) compared to those with normal WC and TG.Conclusion: The present study both confirm and extend previous research suggesting that the HTGW-phenotype portrays an increased glucometabolic risk, also in lean individuals.
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| 16. |
- Castañeda, Jazmin, et al.
(författare)
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Association between classes and subclasses of polyphenol intake and 5-year body weight changes in the EPIC-PANACEA study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 31:4, s. 1146-1158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations among the intake of total polyphenols, polyphenol classes, and polyphenol subclasses and body weight change over 5 years.Methods: A total of 349,165 men and women aged 25 to 70 years were recruited in the Physical Activity, Nutrition, Alcohol, Cessation of Smoking, Eating Out of Home and Obesity (PANACEA) project of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort from nine European countries. Body weight was measured at baseline and at follow-up after a median time of 5 years. Polyphenol intake, including four main polyphenol classes and eighteen subclasses, was estimated using validated dietary questionnaires and Phenol-Explorer. Multilevel mixed linear regression models were used to estimate the associations.Results: Participants gained, on average, 2.6 kg (±5.0 kg) over 5 years. Total flavonoids intake was inversely associated with body weight change (−0.195 kg/5 years, 95% CI: −0.262 to −0.128). However, the intake of total polyphenols (0.205 kg/5 years, 95% CI: 0.138 to 0.272) and intake of hydroxycinnamic acids (0.324 kg/5 years, 95% CI: 0.267 to 0.381) were positively associated with body weight gain. In analyses stratified by coffee consumption, hydroxycinnamic acid intake was positively associated with body weight gain in coffee consumers (0.379 kg/5 years, 95% CI: 0.319 to 0.440), but not in coffee nonconsumers (−0.179 kg/5 years, 95% CI: −0.490 to 0.133).Conclusions: Higher intakes of flavonoids and their subclasses are inversely associated with a modest body weight change. Results regarding hydroxycinnamic acids in coffee consumers require further investigation.
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| 17. |
- Cedernaes, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
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Increased Impulsivity in Response to Food Cues after Sleep Loss in Healthy Young Men
- 2014
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 22:8, s. 1786-1791
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveTo investigate whether acute total sleep deprivation (TSD) leads to decreased cognitive control when food cues are presented during a task requiring active attention, by assessing the ability to cognitively inhibit prepotent responses. MethodsFourteen males participated in the study on two separate occasions in a randomized, crossover within-subject design: one night of TSD versus normal sleep (8.5 hours). Following each nighttime intervention, hunger ratings and morning fasting plasma glucose concentrations were assessed before performing a go/no-go task. ResultsFollowing TSD, participants made significantly more commission errors when they were presented no-go food words in the go/no-go task, as compared with their performance following sleep (+56%; P<0.05). In contrast, response time and omission errors to go non-food words did not differ between the conditions. Self-reported hunger after TSD was increased without changes in fasting plasma glucose. The increase in hunger did not correlate with the TSD-induced commission errors. ConclusionsOur results suggest that TSD impairs cognitive control also in response to food stimuli in healthy young men. Whether such loss of inhibition or impulsiveness is food cue-specific as seen in obesitythus providing a mechanism through which sleep disturbances may promote obesity developmentwarrants further investigation.
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| 18. |
- Chapman, Colin D., et al.
(författare)
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Acute sleep deprivation increases food purchasing in men
- 2013
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 21:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To investigate if acute sleep deprivation affects food purchasing choices in a mock supermarket. Design and Methods On the morning after one night of total sleep deprivation (TSD) or after one night of sleep, 14 normal-weight men were given a fixed budget (300 SEKapproximately 50 USD). They were instructed to purchase as much as they could out of a possible 40 items, including 20 high-caloric foods (>2 kcal/g) and 20 low-caloric foods (<2 kcal/g). The prices of the high-caloric foods were then varied (75%, 100% (reference price), and 125%) to determine if TSD affects the flexibility of food purchasing. Before the task, participants received a standardized breakfast, thereby minimizing the potential confound produced by hunger. In addition, morning plasma concentrations of the orexigenic hormone ghrelin were measured under fasting conditions. Results Independent of both type of food offered and price condition, sleep-deprived men purchased significantly more calories (+9%) and grams (+18%) of food than they did after one night of sleep (both P<0.05). Morning plasma ghrelin concentrations were also higher after TSD (P<0.05). However, this increase did not correlate with the effects of TSD on food purchasing. Conclusions This experiment demonstrates that acute sleep loss alters food purchasing behavior in men.
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| 19. |
- Chen, Yun, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood BMI trajectories predict cardiometabolic risk and perceived stress at age 13 years: the STARS cohort
- 2023
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Ingår i: Obesity. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to examine BMI trajectories from birth throughout childhood, associations with health outcomes at age 13 years, and time frames during which early-life BMI influenced adolescent health. Methods: Participants (1902, 44% male) reported perceived stress and psychosomatic symptoms and were examined for waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), pulse wave velocity, and white blood cell counts (WBC). BMI trajectory was analyzed using group-based trajectory modeling of retrospective data of weight/height from birth throughout childhood. The authors performed linear regression to assess associations between BMI trajectories and health outcomes at age 13 years, presented as estimated mean differences with 95% CI among trajectories. Results: Three BMI trajectories were identified: normal; moderate; and excessive gain. Adjusting for covariates, adolescents with excessive gain had higher WC (19.2 [95% CI: 18.4–20.0] cm), SBP (3.6 [95% CI: 2.4–4.4] mm Hg), WBC (0.7 [95% CI: 0.4–0.9] × 109/L), and stress (1.1 [95% CI: 0.2–1.9]) than adolescents with normal gain. Higher WC (6.4 [95% CI: 5.8–6.9] cm), SBP (1.8 [95% CI: 1.0–2.5] mm Hg), and stress (0.7 [95% CI: 0.1–1.2]) were found in adolescents with moderate versus normal gain. The association of early-life BMI with SBP started around age 6 years with the excessive gain group, which was earlier than in the normal and moderate gain groups, in which it started at age 12 years. Conclusions: An excessive gain BMI trajectory from birth predicts cardiometabolic risk and stress in 13-year-old individuals.
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| 20. |
- Christenson, A., et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish Youth with Obesity cohort: Profile of an ongoing prospective study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Obesity. - 1930-7381. ; 31:6, s. 1678-1685
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveAs there is a lack of studies on adolescents and young adults with obesity, the Swedish Youth with Obesity cohort was set up to describe the long-term results of medical, as well as surgical, obesity interventions in youth. This article describes the study protocol. MethodsSince 2018, the study has continuously recruited patients aged between 16 and 25 years who have been admitted for obesity treatment at a specialist obesity clinic in Stockholm, Sweden. Participants provide data from blood tests, questionnaires, and anthropometric measurements. Data are collected longitudinally at enrollment and after 18 months and 3, 4, 5, and 10 years. ResultsIn the first 500 participants (76% female), the mean age was 21 (SD 3.0) years and the mean BMI was 41.3 (SD 6.1) kg/m(2) at enrollment. Almost half of the participants (44.4%) reported that both parents were born outside the Nordic countries. The proportion of participants who smoked at least sometimes was 28.4%. ConclusionsThe longitudinally collected data from the Swedish Youth with Obesity cohort will become a valuable source for answering various research questions regarding long-term results of medical and surgical obesity treatment in adolescents and young adults with obesity.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Comasco, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Adipocytokines levels at delivery, functional variation of TFAP2 beta, and maternal and neonatal anthropometric parameters
- 2013
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 21:10, s. 2130-2137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVEAdipocytokines participate in the regulation of glucose metabolism and foetal development. The transcription factor activating protein 2B (TFAP2β) has been associated with adipocytokine regulation, and gene variations with type 2 diabetes and obesity. This study investigated associations between maternal TFAP2B variation, adipocytokines levels and maternal and neonatal anthropometric characteristics.DESIGN AND METHODSA population-based sample of women was followed from delivery to six months postpartum. Adiponectin, leptin and interleukin-6 levels at delivery, and maternal as well as neonatal anthropometric variables were assessed. The TFAP2β intron 1 variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) was genotyped.RESULTSMaternal interleukin-6 correlated positively with leptin at delivery, with peripartum weight changes and weight of newborn males, adjusted for potential confounders. Leptin at delivery was associated with TFAP2β intron 1 VNTR genotype, adjusted for confounders, maternal weight and negatively with birth weight among female neonates. A path model suggested a link between TFAP2β genotype, leptin levels and newborn females' weight.CONCLUSIONSThe present results stress a role for the TFAP2 β in adiposity-related conditions and intrauterine growth. The association between neonatal birth weight and maternal adipocytokine levels, together with the observed sex effect, call for further studies on the mechanisms behind neuro-endocrine foetal programming.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Dahl, Anna, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Accuracy of Recalled Body Weight-A Study with 20-years of Follow-Up
- 2013
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 21:6, s. 1293-1298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective:Weight changes may bean important indicator of an ongoing pathological process.Retrospective self-report might be the only possibility to capture prior weight. The objective of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of retrospective recallof body weight in old age and factors that might predict accuracy.Design and Methods:In 2007, 646 participants (mean age, 71.6 years) of the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA)answered questions about their present weight and how much they weighed 20-years ago. Of these, 436 had self-reported their weighttwenty years earlier and among these 134 had also had their weight assessed at this time point.Results:Twenty yearretrospectively recalled weight underestimated the prior assessed weight by -1.89 ± 5.9 kg and underestimatedprior self-reported weight by -0.55 ±5.2 kg.Moreover, 82.4% of the sample were accurate within 10%, and 45.8% were accurate within 5% of their prior assessed weights;similarly, 84.2% and 58.0 %were accurate within 10% and 5% respectively, forprior self-reported weight. Current higher body mass index and preferences of reporting weights ending with zero or five was associated with an underestimation of prior weight, while greater weight change over 20 year, and low Mini-Mental State Scores (MMSE) (<25) led to an overestimation of prior weight.Conclusions:Recalled weight comes close to the assessed population mean, but at the individual level there is a large variation. The accuracy is affected by current BMI, changes in weight, end-digit preferences, and current cognitive ability. Recalled weight should be used with caution.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Davidsson, Josef, et al.
(författare)
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dup(19)(q12q13.2): Array-based Genotype-Phenotype Correlation of a New Possibly Obesity-related Syndrome.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-739X .- 1930-7381. ; 18, s. 580-587
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) derived from the near-centromeric area of chromosome 2 are very rare. In addition, duplications of the 2p11.2-->q11.2 region have displayed considerable variability between patients harboring and lacking clinical findings. Moreover, constitutional duplication of the 19q12-->q13.2 region has previously only been described in two cases and was associated with delay of developmental milestones, corpus callosum anomalies, and obesity. Herein, we present a genotype-phenotype correlation in a patient harboring two sSMCs derived from chromosomes 2 and 14 or 22, respectively. The DNA was studied using G-banding, fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques, and array-based comparative genomic hybridization. A 48,XX,+der(2)del(2)(p11)del(2)(q11.2),+der(14)t(14;19)(q11;q12)del(19)(q13.31) or 48,XX,+der(2)del(2)(p11)del(2)(q11.2),+der(22)t(22;19)(q11;q12)del(19)(q13.31) was detected in the patient. The sSMC 14;19 or 22;19, with its centromere originating from either chromosome 14 or 22, encompassed a 13.56 megabase (Mb) 19q derived region, harboring 263 genes, and the sSMC 2 a 2.71 Mb region including 29 genes. The patient had symptoms including a ventral septal defect, bilateral grade IV urinary reflux, corpus callosum agenesis, microphthalmia, and obesity. The 19q segment contained the genes AKT2, CEACAM1, CEBPA, LIPE, and TGFB1 which are involved in adipose tissue homeostasis and insulin resistance, and could potentially contribute to the obese phenotype observed. Array-based genetic characterization and long-term clinical evaluation with attention toward weight gain in patients with chromosome 19q duplications might in the future lead to the description of a obesity-associated genetic syndrome, something that could have implications in management and treatment of patients carrying a dup(19)(q12q13.2). Whether the der(2)(p11q11.2) contributes to the phenotype remains inconclusive.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- de Vrind, V. A. J., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of GABA and Leptin Receptor-Expressing Neurons in the Lateral Hypothalamus on Feeding, Locomotion, and Thermogenesis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 27:7, s. 1123-1132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The lateral hypothalamus (LH) is known for its role in feeding, and it also regulates other aspects of energy homeostasis. How genetically defined LH neuronal subpopulations mediate LH effects on energy homeostasis remains poorly understood. The behavioral effects of chemogenetically activating LH gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the more selective population of LH GABA neurons that coexpress the leptin receptor (LepR) were compared. Methods: LepR-cre and VGAT-cre mice were injected with AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM3DGq-mCherry in the LH. The behavioral effects of LH GABA or LH LepR neuronal activation on feeding, locomotion, thermogenesis, and body weight were assessed. Results: The activation of LH GABA neurons increased body temperature (P ≤ 0.008) and decreased body weight (P ≤ 0.01) despite decreased locomotor activity (P = 0.03) and transiently increased chow intake (P ≤ 0.009). Also, similar to other studies, this study found that activation of LH GABA neurons induced gnawing on both food and nonfood (P = 0.001) items. Activation of LH LepR neurons decreased body weight (P ≤ 0.01) and chow intake when presented on the cage floor (P ≤ 0.04) but not when presented in the cage top and increased locomotor activity (P = 0.002) and body temperature (P = 0.03). Conclusions: LH LepR neurons are a subset of LH GABA neurons, and LH LepR activation more specifically regulates energy homeostasis to promote a negative energy balance. © 2019 The Authors. Obesity published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Obesity Society (TOS)
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| 29. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Body Fat, Abdominal Fat, and Body Fat Distribution Is Related to Left Atrial Diameter in Young Children.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-739X .- 1930-7381. ; 20, s. 1104-1108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In adults, the size of the left atria (LA) has important prognostic information. In obese adults, adolescents and children enlargement of LA have been observed. This has not been investigated on a population-based level in young children. We therefore assessed if total body fat mass (TBF), abdominal fat, and body fat distribution were related to LA diameter. Cross-sectional study of 244 children (boys = 137 and girls n = 107) aged 8-11 years, recruited from an urban population-based cohort. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured total lean body mass, TBF, and abdominal fat mass (AFM). Body fat was also calculated as a percentage of body mass (BF%). Body fat distribution (AFM/TBF) was calculated. Echocardiography was performed with two-dimensional guided M-mode. LA diameter was measured and left ventricular mass (LVM) was calculated. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were measured and maturity assessed according to Tanner. There were significant (P < 0.05) univariate correlations for all children between TBF (r = 0.40), BF% (r = 0.32), AFM (r = 0.41), and AFM/TBF (r = 0.41) vs. LA diameter. Multiple regression analyses with the inclusion of possible confounders such as lean body mass, blood pressure, gender, age, and Tanner stage revealed that TBF, AFM, and AFM/TBF were all independently related to LA diameter. Differences in the different body fat measurements explained 6-9% of the variance in LA size. These results demonstrated that both total body fat, AFM, and body fat distribution are already at a young age negatively and independently associated to LA diameter.
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| 30. |
- Derks, I. P. M., et al.
(författare)
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Testing Bidirectional Associations Between Childhood Aggression and BMI: Results from Three Cohorts
- 2019
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 27:5, s. 822-829
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective This study examined the prospective, potentially bidirectional association of aggressive behavior with BMI and body composition across childhood in three population-based cohorts. Methods Repeated measures of aggression and BMI were available from the Generation R Study between ages 6 and 10 years (N = 3,974), the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) between ages 7 and 10 years (N = 10,328), and the Swedish Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development (TCHAD) between ages 9 and 14 years (N = 1,462). In all samples, aggression was assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist. Fat mass and fat-free mass were available in the Generation R Study. Associations were examined with cross-lagged modeling. Results Aggressive behavior at baseline was associated with higher BMI at follow-up in the Generation R Study (beta = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.04), in NTR (beta = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.06), and in TCHAD (beta = 0.03, 95% CI: -0.02 to 0.07). Aggressive behavior was prospectively associated with higher fat mass (beta = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.05) but not fat-free mass. There was no evidence that BMI or body composition preceded aggressive behavior. Conclusions More aggressive behavior was prospectively associated with higher BMI and fat mass. This suggests that aggression contributes to the obesity problem, and future research should study whether these behavioral pathways to childhood obesity are modifiable.
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| 31. |
- Dixen, Karen, et al.
(författare)
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ERR gamma Enhances UCP1 Expression and Fatty Acid Oxidation in Brown Adipocytes
- 2013
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 21:3, s. 516-524
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) are important regulators of energy metabolism. Here we investigated the hypothesis that ERR gamma impacts on differentiation and function of brown adipocytes. Design and Methods: We characterize the expression of ERR gamma in adipose tissues and cell models and investigate the effects of modulating ERR? activity on UCP1 gene expression and metabolic features of brown and white adipocytes. Results: ERR gamma was preferentially expressed in brown compared to white fat depots, and ERR gamma was induced during cold-induced browning of subcutaneous white adipose tissue and brown adipogenesis. Overexpression of ERR gamma positively regulated uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression levels during brown adipogenesis. This ERR gamma-induced augmentation of UCP1 expression was independent of the presence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1 (PGC-1 alpha) but was associated with increased rates of fatty acid oxidation in adrenergically stimulated cells. ERR? did not influence mitochondrial biogenesis, and its reduced expression in white adipocytes could not explain their low expression level of UCP1. Conclusions: Through its augmenting effect on expression of UCP1, ERR gamma may physiologically be involved in increasing the potential for energy expenditure in brown adipocytes, a function that is becoming of therapeutic interest.
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| 32. |
- Ekman, M J, et al.
(författare)
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6-minute walk test before and after a weight reduction program in obese subjects.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-739X .- 1930-7381. ; 21:3, s. 236-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Weight loss and physical activity have shown favorable effects on risks associated with obesity. It is therefore of interest to evaluate exercise capacity and related co-morbidities in obese patients. We present data from obese subjects evaluated by the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) before and after a 7.3 (6.1-8.2) month weight reduction program. 251 subjects completed the test at baseline (BMI 40.6 [36.9-44.6] kg/m(2) ) and 129 (51.4 %) repeated the test after intervention (BMI 35.6 [31.2-38.5] kg/m(2) ). The six minute walking distance (6MWD) at baseline (535 [480-580] m) and at follow up (599 [522-640] m) correlated to several cardiovascular risk markers. Age, weight, height, resting heart rate, smoking status, fP-glucose and use of ß-blockers explained 43 % of the variance in predicted 6MWD at baseline. The effect of smoking status, fP-glucose, ß-blockers and resting heart rate lost significance at follow up. Presence of diabetes and the metabolic syndrome had a negative influence on 6MWD but did not affect the impact of intervention based on percentage increase in walking distance. Gender had no impact on 6MWD. Reported pain during the test was common but decreased after intervention (57.0 % vs. 28.7 %, p<0.001). In conclusion, the 6MWT may be used to evaluate intervention success beyond kilogram weight loss in obese subjects. We present formulas to predict 6MWD and the effect of weight loss on walking distance in clinical practice. Pain is a common problem which has to be considered when giving advice on exercise as a part of weight loss intervention.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Franks, Paul W.
(författare)
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Body Weight and Risk of Early Death
- 2013
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 21:9, s. 1743-1743
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- G Clifton, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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Design of lifestyle intervention trials to prevent excessive gestational weight gain in women with overweight or obesity.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-739X .- 1930-7381. ; 24:2, s. 305-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Lifestyle Interventions for Expectant Moms (LIFE-Moms) Consortium is designed to determine, in pregnant women with overweight or obesity, whether various behavioral and lifestyle interventions reduce excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) and subsequent adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes and obesity in offspring. The design and planning process of the LIFE-Moms Consortium is described.
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| 38. |
- Gall, Kelly, et al.
(författare)
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Obesity and emotional well-being in adolescents : Roles of body dissatisfaction, loss of control eating, and self-rated health
- 2016
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 24:4, s. 837-842
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveWeak or inconsistent association between obesity and impairment in emotional well-being in population-based samples has led to efforts to identify mediating variables. This study examined the relative importance of body dissatisfaction (BD), loss of control (LOC) eating, and self-rated health (SRH) in mediating the association between obesity and impairment in emotional well-being in a school-based sample of adolescents (boys, n=437; girls, n=950). MethodsModerated mediation analysis was employed to assess the relative importance of the putative mediating variables and moderation of mediation effects by sex following the methods suggested by Hayes and coworkers. ResultsBD and SRH, but not LOC eating, were found to mediate the association between obesity and impairment in emotional well-being. Stronger mediation effects were observed for BD than for SRH. None of these results was moderated by sex. ConclusionsThe findings suggest that it may be important to target BD in obesity prevention and treatment programs in order to reduce the adverse impact of excess body weight on young people's emotional well-being.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Goedecke, Julia H, et al.
(författare)
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Differential effects of abdominal adipose tissue distribution on insulin sensitivity in black and white South African women
- 2009
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 17:8, s. 1506-1512
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Black South African women are more insulin resistant than BMI-matched white women. The objective of the study was to characterize the determinants of insulin sensitivity in black and white South African women matched for BMI. A total of 57 normal-weight (BMI 18-25 kg/m(2)) and obese (BMI > 30 kg/m(2)) black and white premenopausal South African women underwent the following measurements: body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), body fat distribution (computerized tomography (CT)), insulin sensitivity (S(I), frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test), dietary intake (food frequency questionnaire), physical activity (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire), and socioeconomic status (SES, demographic questionnaire). Black women were less insulin sensitive (4.4 +/- 0.8 vs. 9.5 +/- 0.8 and 3.0 +/- 0.8 vs. 6.0 +/- 0.8 x 10(-5)/min/(pmol/l), for normal-weight and obese women, respectively, P < 0.001), but had less visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (P = 0.051), more abdominal superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) (P = 0.003), lower SES (P < 0.001), and higher dietary fat intake (P = 0.001) than white women matched for BMI. S(I) correlated with deep and superficial SAT in both black (R = -0.594, P = 0.002 and R = 0.495, P = 0.012) and white women (R = -0.554, P = 0.005 and R = -0.546, P = 0.004), but with VAT in white women only (R = -0.534, P = 0.005). In conclusion, body fat distribution is differentially associated with insulin sensitivity in black and white women. Therefore, the different abdominal fat depots may have varying metabolic consequences in women of different ethnic origins.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Gustafsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers in Relation to Circulating Levels of Adiponectin
- 2013
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 21:7, s. 1467-1473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Previous epidemiological studies together with animal studies have suggested an association between adiponectin and oxidative stress and inflammation, but community-based studies are lacking. Our objective was to investigate the relative importance of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, representing different pathways in relation to adiponectin. Design and Methods: In a cross-sectional sample of 929 70-year-old individuals (50% women) of the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors study, relations between serum adiponectin and oxidative stress [conjugated dienes (CD), homocysteine, total antioxidant capacity, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL), OxLDL antibodies, baseline CD of LDL, glutathione (GSH), total glutathione (TGSH), glutathione disulfide], circulation interleukins (IL-6, IL-8), other cytokines [tumor necrosis factor alpha, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor], cell adhesion molecules (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, P-selectin, L-selectin), and systemic inflammatory markers [C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocyte count] in separate models were investigated. Results: In age- and sex-adjusted, as well as multivariable-adjusted models, adiponectin was significantly and positively associated with GSH, log TGSH, whereas an inverse association was observed for CD and log EGF. An inverse association between adiponectin and MCP-1, log E-selectin, and log CRP was significant in age- and sex-adjusted models, but not in multivariable-adjusted models. Conclusions: Our results imply that higher levels of adiponectin are associated with a more beneficial oxidative stress profile, with higher levels of principal anti-oxidative GSH and total GSH together with lower levels of lipid peroxidation, possibly through shared pathways. Further studies are needed to investigate whether changes in the oxidative stress profile may be a mechanism linking adiponectin with type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease.
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| 44. |
- Hassing, H. C., et al.
(författare)
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SULF2 Strongly Prediposes to Fasting and Postprandial Triglycerides in Patients with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- 2014
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 22:5, s. 1309-1316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Hepatic overexpression of sulfatase-2 (SULF2), a heparan sulfate remodeling enzyme, strongly contributes to high triglyceride (TG) levels in obese, type 2 diabetic (T2DM) db/db mice. Nevertheless, data in humans are lacking. Here, the association of human hepatic SULF2 expression and SULF2 gene variants with TG metabolism in patients with obesity and/or T2DM was investigated. Methods: Liver biopsies from 121 obese subjects were analyzed for relations between hepatic SULF2 mRNA levels and plasma TG. Associations between seven SULF2 tagSNPs and TG levels were assessed in 210 obese T2DM subjects with dyslipidemia. Replication of positive findings was performed in 1,316 independent obese T2DM patients. Postprandial TRL clearance was evaluated in 29 obese T2DM subjects stratified by SULF2 genotype. Results: Liver SULF2 expression was significantly associated with fasting plasma TG (r = 0.271; P = 0.003) in obese subjects. The SULF2 rs2281279(A>G) SNP was reproducibly associated with lower fasting plasma TG levels in obese T2DM subjects (P < 0.05). Carriership of the minor G allele was associated with lower levels of postprandial plasma TG (P < 0.05) and retinyl esters levels (P < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings implicate SULF2 as potential therapeutic target in the atherogenic dyslipidemia of obesity and T2DM.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Hemmingsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of social support intensity on walking in the severely obese : a randomized clinical trial
- 2008
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 16:6, s. 1308-1313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: There are few established methods for promoting physical activity (PA) in the severely obese. Because social support is a potential method for promoting PA, we compared mean steps/day during 18 weeks in severely obese outpatients receiving either standard support (SS) or added support (AS). METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Eighty severely obese outpatients from an obesity clinic were invited; 66 provided written consent, 55 were randomized, and 42 were included in final analyses (9 men, 33 women; age 44.4 +/- 13.1 years; BMI 41.9 +/- 5.5 kg/m(2)). All participants received a pedometer and a walking promotion booklet. In addition to SS, the AS group received ten 2-h group counseling sessions aimed at increasing weekly accumulated steps, every second week during the study. Each participant was asked to complete a 7-day walking diary every second week (10 observations). RESULTS: Baseline steps/day was 6,912 for the AS group and 5,311 for the SS group (P = 0.023). Data at 18 weeks showed that the AS group recorded 10,136 steps/day and the SS group 6,118 steps/day (P = 0.024). There was no allocation x time interaction (P = 0.46). During the follow-up period as a whole, the AS group recorded 1,794 more steps/day than the SS group (P = 0.0074). DISCUSSION: The AS group recorded more steps/day than the SS group, reaching a mean level of approximately 10,000 steps/day. However, the nonsignificant interaction between allocation x time suggests that this difference was present already at baseline and did not increase during follow-up.
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| 47. |
- Hemmingsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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No apparent progress in bioelectrical impedance accuracy : validation against metabolic risk and DXA.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 17:1, s. 183-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioelectrical impedance (BIA) is quick, easy, and safe when quantifying fat and lean tissue. New BIA models (Tanita BC-418 MA, abbreviated BIA(8)) can perform segmental body composition analysis, e.g., estimate %trunkal fatness (%TF). It is not known, however, whether new BIA models can detect metabolic risk factors (MRFs) better than older models (Tanita TBF-300, abbreviated BIA(4)). We therefore tested the correlation between MRF and percentage whole-body fat (%BF) from BIA(4) and BIA(8) and compared these with the correlation between MRF and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, used as gold standard), BMI and waist circumference (WC). The sample consisted of 136 abdominally obese (WC >or= 88 cm), middle-aged (30-60 years) women. MRF included fasting blood glucose and insulin; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides; high sensitive C-reactive protein, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and fibrinogen; and alanine transaminase (ALT) liver enzyme. We found that similar to DXA, but in contrast to BMI, neither %BF BIA(4) nor %BF BIA(8) correlated with blood lipids or ALT. In the segmental analysis of %TF, BIA(8) only correlated with inflammatory markers, but not insulin, blood lipids, or ALT liver enzyme (in contrast to WC and %TF DXA). %TF DXA was associated with homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) independently of WC (P = 0.03), whereas %TF BIA(8) was not (P = 0.53). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves confirmed that %TF BIA(8) did not differ from chance in the detection of insulin resistance (P = 0.26). BIA estimates of fatness were, at best, weakly correlated with obesity-related risk factors in abdominally obese women, even the new eight-electrode model. Our data support the continued use of WC and BMI.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Hogenkamp, Pleunie, et al.
(författare)
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Calorie anticipation alters food intake after low-caloric but not high-caloric preloads
- 2013
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 21:8, s. 1548-1553
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Cognitive factors and anticipation are known to influence food intake. The current study examined the effect of anticipation and actual consumption of food on hormone (ghrelin, cortisol, insulin) and glucose levels, appetite and ad libitum intake, to assess whether changes in hormone levels might explain the predicted differences in subsequent food intake. Design and Methods: During four breakfast sessions, participants consumed a yogurt preload that was either low-caloric (LC; 180 kcal/300 g) or high-caloric (HC; 530 kcal/300 g), and were provided with either consistent or inconsistent calorie information (i.e. stating the caloric content of the preload was low or high). Appetite ratings and hormone and glucose levels were measured at baseline (t=0), after providing the calorie information about the preload (t=20), after consumption of the preload (t=40) and just before ad libitum intake (t=60). Results: Ad libitum intake was lower after HC preloads (as compared to LC preloads; p<0.01). Intake after LC preloads was higher when provided with (consistent) LC-information (467±254 kcal) as compared to (inconsistent) HC-information (346±210 kcal), but intake after the HC preloads did not depend on the information provided (LC-info: 290±178 kcal, HC-info: 333±179 kcal; caloric load*information p=0.03). Hormone levels did not respond in an anticipatory manner, and the post-prandial responses depended on actual calories consumed. Conclusions: These results suggest that both cognitive and physiological information determine food intake. When actual caloric intake was sufficient to produce physiological satiety, cognitive factors played no role; however, when physiological satiety was limited, cognitively-induced satiety reduced intake to comparable levels.
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| 50. |
- Holmbäck, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a novel weight-loss combination product containing orlistat and acarbose on obesity : A randomized, placebo-controlled trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 30:11, s. 2222-2232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a novel, oral, modified-release formulation of the lipase inhibitor orlistat and the glucosidase/amylase inhibitor acarbose (denoted EMP16) on relative body weight after 26 weeks compared with placebo. Methods The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial had a 26-week treatment period, with dose escalation up to 6 weeks. Participants, adults between ages 18 and 75 years, with BMI >= 30 kg/m(2) or >= 28 kg/m(2) with risk factors, were randomly assigned to EMP16 120-mg orlistat/40-mg acarbose (EMP16-120/40), EMP16-150/50, or placebo. The primary end point was relative weight loss from baseline to week 26 assessed in participants with at least one post-baseline weight measurement. Results Of 156 randomized participants, 149 constituted the intention-to-treat population. The mean (95% CI) estimated treatment difference to placebo in relative weight loss after 26 weeks in the intention-to-treat population was -4.70% (-6.16% to -3.24%; p < 0.0001) with EMP16-120/40 and -5.42% (-6.60% to -4.24%; p < 0.0001) with EMP16-150/50. Conclusions This trial indicates that orlistat and acarbose can be successfully combined in a modified-release formulation to provide efficacious weight loss with no unexpected safety issues. EMP16 may be a promising candidate among other medications for improved weight management.
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