| 1. |
- Adams, Kelly L., et al.
(författare)
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In Vitro Electrochemistry of Biological Systems
- 2008
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Ingår i: Annual Reviews of Analytical Chemistry. - : Annual Reviews. - 1936-1327 .- 1936-1335. ; 1, s. 329-355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article reviews recent work involving electrochemical methods for in vitro analysis of biomolecules, with an emphasis on detection and manipulation at and of single cells and cultures of cells. The techniques discussed include constant potential amperometry, chronoamperometry, cellular electroporation, scanning electrochemical microscopy, and microfluidic platforms integrated with electrochemical detection. The principles of these methods are briefly described, followed in most cases with a short description of an analytical or biological application and its significance. The use of electrochemical methods to examine specific mechanistic issues in exocytosis is highlighted, as a great deal of recent work has been devoted to this application.
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| 2. |
- Chan, Cangel Pui Yee, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence-Based Point-of-Care Diagnostics: Current Status and Emerging Technologies
- 2013
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Ingår i: Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry. - : Annual Reviews. - 1936-1327 .- 1936-1335. - 9780824344061 ; 6, s. 191-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics brings tests nearer to the site of patient care. The turnaround time is short, and minimal manual interference enables quick clinical management decisions. Growth in POC diagnostics is being continuously fueled by the global burden of cardiovascular and infectious diseases. Early diagnosis and rapid initiation of treatment are crucial in the management of such patients. This review provides the rationale for the use of POC tests in acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, human immunodeficiency virus, and tuberculosis. We also consider emerging technologies that are based on advanced nanomaterials and microfluidics, improved assay sensitivity, miniaturization in device design, reduced costs, and high-throughput multiplex detection, all of which may shape the future development of POC diagnostics.
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| 3. |
- Conze, Tim, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Genes, Transcripts, and Proteins via DNA Ligation
- 2009. - 2
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Ingår i: Annual review of analytical chemistry. - : Annual Reviews. - 1936-1327 .- 1936-1335. ; 2, s. 215-239
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analytical reactions in which short DNA strands are used in combination with DNA ligases have proven useful for measuring, decoding, and locating most classes of macromolecules. Given the need to accumulate large amounts of precise molecular information from biological systems in research and in diagnostics, ligation reactions will continue to offer valuable strategies for advanced analytical reactions. Here, we provide a basis for further development of methods by reviewing the history of analytical ligation reactions, discussing the properties of ligation reactions that render them suitable for engineering novel assays, describing a wide range of successful ligase-based assays, and briefly considering future directions.
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| 4. |
- Dahlin, Andreas, 1980
(författare)
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Biochemical Sensing with Nanoplasmonic Architectures: We Know How but Do We Know Why?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry. - : Annual Reviews. - 1936-1327 .- 1936-1335. ; 14, s. 281-297
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, the research field of nanoplasmonic sensors is placed under scrutiny, with focus on affinity-based detection using refractive index changes. This review describes how nanostructured plasmonic sensors can deliver unique advantages compared to the established surface plasmon resonance technique, where a planar metal surface is used. At the same time, it shows that these features are actually only useful in quite specific situations. Recent trends in the field are also discussed and some devices that claim extraordinary performance are questioned. It is argued that the most important challenges are related to limited receptor affinity and nonspecific binding rather than instrumental performance. Although some nanoplasmonic sensors may be useful in certain situations, it seems likely that conventional surface plasmon resonance will continue to dominate biomolecular interaction analysis. For detection of analytes in complex samples, plasmonics may be an important tool, but probably not in the form of direct refractometric detection.
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| 5. |
- Jesorka, Aldo, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Liposomes: Technologies and Analytical Applications
- 2008
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Ingår i: Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry. - 1936-1327 .- 1936-1335. ; 1, s. 801-832
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Liposomes are structurally and functionally some of the most versatile supramolecular assemblies in existence. Since the beginning of active research on lipid vesicles in 1965, the field has progressed enormously and applications are well established in several areas, such as drug and gene delivery. In the analytical sciences, liposomes serve a dual purpose: Either they are analytes, typically in quality-assessment procedures of liposome preparations, or they are functional components in a variety of new analytical systems. Liposome immunoassays, for example, benefit greatly from the amplification provided by encapsulated markers, and nanotube-interconnected liposome networks have emerged as ultrasmall-scale analytical devices. This review provides information about new developments in some of the most actively researched liposome-related topics
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| 6. |
- Keighron, Jacqueline, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochemistry of Single-Vesicle Events
- 2020
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Ingår i: Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry. - : Annual Reviews. - 1936-1327 .- 1936-1335. ; 13, s. 159-181
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuronal transmission relies on electrical signals and the transfer of chemical signals from one neuron to another. Chemical messages are transmitted from presynaptic neurons to neighboring neurons through the triggered fusion of neurotransmitter-filled vesicles with the cell plasma membrane. This process, known as exocytosis, involves the rapid release of neurotransmitter solutions that are detected with high affinity by the postsynaptic neuron. The type and number of neurotransmitters released and the frequency of vesicular events govern brain functions such as cognition, decision making, learning, and memory. Therefore, to understand neurotransmitters and neuronal function, analytical tools capable of quantitative and chemically selective detection of neurotransmitters with high spatiotemporal resolution are needed. Electrochemistry offers powerful techniques that are sufficiently rapid to allow for the detection of exocytosis activity and provides quantitative measurements of vesicle neurotransmitter content and neurotransmitter release from individual vesicle events. In this review, we provide an overview of the most commonly used electrochemical methods for monitoring single-vesicle events, including recent developments and what is needed for future research.
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| 7. |
- Sämfors, Sanna, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Lipid Diversity in Cells and Tissue Using Imaging SIMS
- 2020
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Ingår i: Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry. - : Annual Reviews. - 1936-1327 .- 1936-1335. ; 13:1, s. 249-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lipids are an important class of biomolecules with many roles within cells and tissue. As targets for study, they present several challenges. They are difficult to label, as many labels lack the specificity to the many different lipid species or the labels maybe larger than the lipids themselves, thus severely perturbing the natural chemical environment. Mass spectrometry provides exceptional specificity and is often used to examine lipid extracts from different samples. However, spatial information is lost during extraction. Of the different imaging mass spectrometry methods available, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is unique in its ability to analyze very small features, with probe sizes <50 nm available. It also offers high surface sensitivity and 3D imaging capability on a subcellular scale. This article reviews the current capabilities and some remaining challenges associated with imaging the diverse lipids present in cell and tissue samples. We show how the technique has moved beyond show-and-tell, proof-of-principle analysis and is now being used to address real biological challenges. These include imaging the microenvironment of cancer tumors, probing the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, or tracking the lipid composition through bacterial membranes. © 2020 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- van Bragt, JJMH, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics and treatment regimens across ERS SHARP severe asthma registries
- 2020
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003 .- 0903-1936. ; 55:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about the characteristics and treatments of patients with severe asthma across Europe, but both are likely to vary. This is the first study in the European Respiratory Society Severe Heterogeneous Asthma Research collaboration, Patient-centred (SHARP) Clinical Research Collaboration and it is designed to explore these variations. Therefore, we aimed to compare characteristics of patients in European severe asthma registries and treatments before starting biologicals.This was a cross-sectional retrospective analysis of aggregated data from 11 national severe asthma registries that joined SHARP with established patient databases.Analysis of data from 3236 patients showed many differences in characteristics and lifestyle factors. Current smokers ranged from 0% (Poland and Sweden) to 9.5% (Belgium), mean body mass index ranged from 26.2 (Italy) to 30.6 kg·m−2 (the UK) and the largest difference in mean pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted was 20.9% (the Netherlands versus Hungary). Before starting biologicals patients were treated differently between countries: mean inhaled corticosteroid dose ranged from 700 to 1335 µg·day−1 between those from Slovenia versus Poland when starting anti-interleukin (IL)-5 antibody and from 772 to 1344 µg·day−1 in those starting anti-IgE (Slovenia versus Spain). Maintenance oral corticosteroid use ranged from 21.0% (Belgium) to 63.0% (Sweden) and from 9.1% (Denmark) to 56.1% (the UK) in patients starting anti-IL-5 and anti-IgE, respectively.The severe asthmatic population in Europe is heterogeneous and differs in both clinical characteristics and treatment, often appearing not to comply with the current European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society guidelines definition of severe asthma. Treatment regimens before starting biologicals were different from inclusion criteria in clinical trials and varied between countries.
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