| 1. |
- Garm, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence For Multiple Photosystems In Jellyfish
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology. - 1937-6448. ; 280, s. 41-78
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cnidarians are often used as model animals in studies of eye and photopigment evolution. Most cnidarians display photosensitivity at some point in their life-cycle ranging from extraocular photoreception to image formation in camera-type eyes. The available information strongly suggests that some cnidarians even possess multiple photosystems. The evidence is strongest within Cubomedusae where all known species posses 24 eyes of four morphological types. Physiological experiments show that each cubomedusan eye type likely constitutes a separate photosystem controlling separate visually guided behaviors. Further, the visual system of cubomedusae also includes extraocular photoreception. The evidence is supported by immunocytochemical and molecular data indicating multiple photopigments in cubomedusae as well as in other cnidarians. Taken together, available data suggest that multiple photosystems had evolved already in early eumetazoans and that their original level of organization was discrete sets of special-purpose eyes and/or photosensory cells.
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| 2. |
- Karlsson, Camilla, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Notch signaling in chondrogenesis.
- 2009
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Ingår i: International review of cell and molecular biology. - 1937-6448. ; 275, s. 65-88
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The different stages of cartilage development are well described but no transcription factor capable of specifically inducing differentiation to articular cartilage has been identified and little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating cartilage development. Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway taking part in many developmental and cell type specification processes. It has been demonstrated that markers for Notch signaling are differentially expressed during cartilage development and there is evidence for their functional role during this process. Notch signaling has further been implicated in osteoarthritis and Notch1 has been suggested as a marker for chondrogenic progenitor cells. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of the Notch signaling pathway in cartilage development and osteoarthritis.
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| 3. |
- Lindahl, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions Between Heparan Sulfate and Proteins—Design and Functional Implications
- 2009
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Ingår i: International review of cell and molecular biology. - 1937-6448. ; 276, s. 105-159
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans at cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix of most animal tissues are essential in development and homeostasis, and variously implicated in disease processes. Functions of HS polysaccharide chains depend on ionic interactions with a variety of proteins including growth factors and their receptors. Negatively charged sulfate and carboxylate groups are arranged in various types of domains, generated through strictly regulated biosynthetic reactions and with enormous potential for structural variability. The level of specificity of HS-protein interactions is assessed through binding experiments in vitro using saccharides of defined composition, signaling assays in cell culture, and targeted disruption of genes for biosynthetic enzymes followed by phenotype analysis. While some protein ligands appear to require strictly defined HS structure, others bind to variable saccharide domains without any apparent dependence on distinct saccharide sequence. These findings raise intriguing questions concerning the functional significance of regulation in HS biosynthesis.
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| 5. |
- Bravo-San Pedro, JM, et al.
(författare)
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Fasting and cancer responses to therapy
- 2022
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Ingår i: International review of cell and molecular biology. - : Elsevier. - 1937-6448. ; 373, s. 107-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
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| 10. |
- Nilsson Sköld, Helen, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Fish Chromatophores - From Molecular Motors to Animal Behavior
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier. - 1937-6448. ; 321, s. 171-219
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chromatophores are pigment-bearing cells of lower vertebrates, including fish that cater for the ability of individual animals to shift body coloration and pattern. Color change provides dynamic camouflage and various kinds of communication. It is also a spectacular example of phenotypic plasticity, and of significant importance for adaptation and survival in novel environments. Through different cellular mechanisms, color change can occur within minutes or more slowly over weeks. Chromatophores have different pigment types and are located not only in the skin, but also in the eyes and internally. While morphological color change, including seasonal color change, has received a lot of interest from evolutionary biologists and behavioral ecologists, the more rapid physiological color change has been largely a research subject for cell physiologists. In this cross-disciplinary review, we have highlighted emerging trends in pigment cell research and identified unsolved problems for future research.
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| 11. |
- Perez-Lanzon, M, et al.
(författare)
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Organoids for Modeling Genetic Diseases
- 2018
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Ingår i: International review of cell and molecular biology. - : Elsevier. - 1937-6448. ; 337, s. 49-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 17. |
- Wasik, Agata M., et al.
(författare)
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Reprogramming and Carcinogenesis-Parallels and Distinctions
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier. - 9780128000977 ; 308, s. 167-203
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapid progress made in various areas of regenerative medicine in recent years occurred both at the cellular level, with the Nobel prize-winning discovery of reprogramming (generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells) and also at the biomaterial level. The use of four transcription factors, Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4 (called commonly "Yamanaka factors") for the conversion of differentiated cells, back to the pluripotent/embryonic stage, has opened virtually endless and ethically acceptable source of stem cells for medical use. Various types of stem cells are becoming increasingly popular as starting components for the development of replacement tissues, or artificial organs. Interestingly, many of the transcription factors, key to the maintenance of stemness phenotype in various cells, are also overexpressed in cancer (stem) cells, and some of them may find the use as prognostic factors. In this review, we describe various methods of iPS creation, followed by overview of factors known to interfere with the efficiency of reprogramming. Next, we discuss similarities between cancer stem cells and various stem cell types. Final paragraphs are dedicated to interaction of biomaterials with tissues, various adverse reactions generated as a result of such interactions, and measures available, that allow for mitigation of such negative effects.
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