| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Reinbothe, Thomas, et al.
(author)
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Optogenetic control of insulin secretion in intact pancreatic islets with β-cell-specific expression of Channelrhodopsin-2.
- 2014
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In: Islets. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1938-2022 .- 1938-2014. ; 6:1, s. 28095-28095
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Insulin is secreted from the pancreatic β-cells in response to elevated glucose. In intact islets the capacity for insulin release is determined by a complex interplay between different cell types. This has made it difficult to specifically assess the role of β-cell defects to the insulin secretory impairment in type 2 diabetes. Here we describe a new approach, based on optogenetics, that enables specific investigation of β-cells in intact islets. We used transgenic mice expressing the light-sensitive cation channel Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) under control of the insulin promoter. Glucose tolerance in vivo was assessed using intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests, and glucose-induced insulin release was measured from static batch incubations. ChR2 localization was determined by fluorescence confocal microscopy. The effect of ChR2 stimulation with blue LED light was assessed using Ca(2+) imaging and static islet incubations. Light stimulation of islets from transgenic ChR2 mice triggered prompt increases in intracellular Ca(2+). Moreover, light stimulation enhanced insulin secretion in batch-incubated islets at low and intermediate but not at high glucose concentrations. Glucagon release was not affected. Beta-cells from mice rendered diabetic on a high-fat diet exhibited a 3.5-fold increase in light-induced Ca(2+) influx compared with mice on a control diet. Furthermore, light enhanced insulin release also at high glucose in these mice, suggesting that high-fat feeding leads to a compensatory potentiation of the Ca(2+) response in β-cells. The results demonstrate the usefulness and versatility of optogenetics for studying mechanisms of perturbed hormone secretion in diabetes with high time-resolution and cell-specificity.
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| 3. |
- Schwank, Ariane, et al.
(author)
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2022 Bern Consensus Statement on shoulder injury prevention, rehabilitation, and return to sport for athletes at all participation levels
- 2022
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In: Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. - : Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT). - 0190-6011 .- 1938-1344. ; 52:1, s. 11-28
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- SYNOPSIS: There is an absence of high-quality evidence to support rehabilitation and return-to-sport decisions following shoulder injuries in athletes. The Athlete Shoulder Consensus Group was convened to lead a consensus process that aimed to produce best-practice guidance for clinicians, athletes, and coaches for managing shoulder injuries in sport. We developed the consensus via a 2-round Delphi process (involving more than 40 content and methods experts) and an in-person meeting. This consensus statement provides guidance with respect to load and risk management, supporting athlete shoulder rehabilitation, and decision making during the return-to-sport process. This statement is designed to offer clinicians the flexibility to apply principle-based approaches to managing the return-to-sport process within a variety of sporting backgrounds. The principles and consensus of experts working across multiple sports may provide a template for developing additional sport-specific guidance in the future. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(1):11-28. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.10952.
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| 4. |
- Barry, Jim, et al.
(author)
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Gender, managerialsim, and performativity in higher education in England and Sweden
- 2014
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In: Journal of Workplace Rights. - 1938-4998 .- 1938-5005. ; 17:3-4, s. 491-503
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article, we consider the implications of managerial reforms and performativity in higher education in Sweden and England, following the introduction of new public management and the development of neoliberalism. The article examines some gendered implications by drawing on the experiences of eight experienced female academics. The data are drawn from a dataset of interviews. The first interviews we present were conducted at the beginning of 2001 with two long-serving academics from each country. The rest of the interviews we present were conducted 10 years later, with academics who were, like the previous interviewees, long serving. The same interview questions were used for all the interviews. We found differences between the two countries, in terms of social democratic and liberal traditions, as well as similarities. In the earlier interviews, we found the reforms to be viewed negatively, while the later interviews suggested some accommodation in respect of research and management. Yet, despite this, the female academics in both countries had become increasingly subjected to performativity and were experiencing difficulties in undertaking research as they took on more teaching and administration.
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| 5. |
- Bu, Junfu, et al.
(author)
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Preparation of Potential Protonic Conductor Yttria Doped Hafnia by Using the Modified Solid State Reaction Method
- 2014
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In: ECS Transactions. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1938-5862 .- 1938-6737. ; , s. 315-320
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A pure and well crystalized yttrium doped hafnium oxide Hf0.69Y0.31O2-δ (YSH) is obtained by using a modified solid state reaction method, where a water-based milling medium and freeze drying are implemented to reduce the agglomeration. The mean sizes of the YSH powder, which is obtained through a traditional alcohol-based milling method, is more than 1 um. However, the powder size can be reduced to 100 nm by using the water-based milling method. In addition, the calcination temperature can be lowered 200 °C to get a pure phase by using the water-based milling method, compared to the alcohol-based milling method. The relative density of YSH ceramic materials can reach to 97.5% by conventional sintering at 1650 °C after during 10 h.
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| 6. |
- Ekwall, Daniel, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Seasonality of incident types in transport crime - Analysis of TAPA statistics
- 2022
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In: Journal of Transportation Security. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1938-775X .- 1938-7741. ; 15, s. 193-222
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper examines weekly and annual seasonality in incident categories to find patterns and trends in transport crime globally, concerning the value of stolen goods, incident frequency and incident category. Secondary data is utilized to analyse a contemporary challenge in logistics and supply chain research, namely theft and robbery of goods during shipment. The research is based on the TAPA global IIS transport-related crime database. Incident frequencies and mean values are analysed primarily with chi-square tests and analyses of variance (ANOVAs). The results are analysed and discussed within a frame of reference consisting of theories from logistics and criminology. The main conclusion is that there is an annual as well as a weekly seasonality of most incident categories, but the patterns vary among incident categories. The results are primarily limited by the content and classification within the TAPA IIS database.
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| 7. |
- Espinoza, R., et al.
(author)
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Temperature-Dependent Study for Electrochemical Surface Area on a Catalyst Layer Used in a PEFC
- 2022
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In: Materials for Low Temperature Electrochemical Systems 8. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1938-6737 .- 1938-5862. - 9781607685395 ; 108:7, s. 111-118
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The total of catalytic particles is often unavailable to participate in the electrochemical reactions in a PEFC, which limits the PEFC performance. The electrochemical surface area (ECSA) becomes an important metric to diagnose the catalyst layer's performance and evaluate the development of new electrode materials to achieve better overall efficiency. This work intends to analyze the effects of a temperature sweep on the ECSA and determine the best model that fits the trend based on obtained results from in-situ cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests. The experiment was carried out using a single PEFC of 25 cm2 with a catalyst layer of 0.5mg Pt/cm2 and Nafion® 112 membrane, using hydrogen and nitrogen as reactant gases at 100% relative humidity (RH). The results show a loss of ECSA about 14% in the temperature range evaluated. Besides, it was found that a linear function is adequate to model the correlation based on the experimental data obtained.
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| 8. |
- Ganesh, Viswanathan, et al.
(author)
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Role Of Green Buildings in Sustainable Living: Implementation and Impacts
- 2022
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In: ECS Transactions. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1938-5862 .- 1938-6737. ; 107:1, s. 189-197
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The rise in the number of carbon footprint has led to various new challenges and opportunities to reduce the rate of global warming and carbon footprint present in the atmosphere similarly the amount of global warming caused by the modern buildings and electrical devices which are required for the purpose of cooling and heating have played a key role in the higher concentration of temperature in the urban areas. On the other hand, the temperature levels in rural areas are comparatively lower than the urban areas due to large bare land available for the free movement of air and the effect of trees have reduced the temperature with the help of natural shades and oxygen production. Therefore, the concept of green building and Net zero building have been incorporated to enable the concept of nature into the buildings where the people can be more interconnected to the nature and get benefited to reduce the overall temperature and global warming effect in the coming future in accordance with the Sustainable development goal 7 under affordable and clean energy.
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| 9. |
- Gutt, Tomasz, et al.
(author)
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PECVD and thermal gate oxides on 3C vs. 4H SiC-Impact on leakage, traps and energy offsets
- 2014
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In: ECS Transactions. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1938-5862 .- 1938-6737. ; , s. 237-243
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Energy-band model offsets, trap density distributions and gate leakage characteristics of MOS capacitors with PECVD and thermal gate oxides on 3C- and 4H-SiC were compared. The difference in trap energy distributions between the polytypes demonstrated in this experiment confirms that the 3C-SiC polytype is less vulnerable to near-interface traps (NIT) which are found in high density in the 4H-SiC. It was also shown that the examined 3C-SiC substrates demonstrated higher leakage currents due to higher dislocation concentration compared with 4H-SiC. Finally, the energy band model of the SiC MOS devices was described quantitatively which could be considered in further development of the devices and processes.
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| 10. |
- Holgersson, Annelie, et al.
(author)
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Mass-casualty attacks on public transportation
- 2014
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In: Journal of Transportation Security. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1938-7741 .- 1938-775X. ; 7, s. 1-16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The 21st century has provided many examples of the devastating effects attacks can have when public transportation has been targeted or used as weapons. Four hundred and seventy seven mass-casualty attacks (≥10 fatally injured and/or ≥100 non-fatally injured) against public transportation and terminal buildings during the years 1970–2009 were studied with data from the Global Terrorism Database in addition to open media sources, scientific journals, and books. Asia was the most frequently targeted region, followed by the Middle East & North African region and Sub Saharan Africa. Airplanes were the most frequently attacked mode of transport during the 1970s, but were surpassed by buses in the mid-80s. There was also an alarming increase in attacks against terminal buildings during 2000–2009. The two most common types of attacks were bombings and armed assault. Complex tactical approaches so as to achieve as much carnage as possible were apparent—e.g., maximizing the number of exposed people, enhancing weapon effects, approaching victims one-by-one, combining several attack types, and targeting rescue personnel. These approaches were more predominant during the last two decades and attacks against rescue personnel were exclusive to the 21st century. The average number of injured increased considerably, despite a quite stable incidence rate since the 1980s. High numbers of non-fatally injured people were connected to attacks on terminal buildings, multiple targets and complex tactical approaches. These incidents, with more and more non-fatally injured, challenge our societal response structures and thus require more research.
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| 11. |
- Khalaghi, B., et al.
(author)
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Electrochemical behaviour of dissolved iron chloride in KCl+LiCl+NaCl melt at 550°C
- 2014
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In: ECS Transactions. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1938-5862 .- 1938-6737. ; 64:4, s. 301-310
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An electrochemical study of iron was carried out in KCl+LiCl+NaCl melt at 550C using a glassy carbon working electrode. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the Fe(II)/Fe(0) electron exchange is a soluble/insoluble reversible process. The diffusion coefficient of Fe(II) was calculated using cyclic voltammetry; 1.4×10-5 cm2 s-1. For the Fe(II)/Fe(III) red/ox reaction, analysis of the voltammograms suggests that the process is not reversible and is coupled with a chemical reaction. The stability of FeCl3 and the effect of equilibrium between FeCl3 and FeCl2 are also briefly discussed.
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| 12. |
- Metaferia, Wondwosen, et al.
(author)
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A quick and a flexible hydride vapor phase epitaxy process to achieve buried heterostructure quantum cascade lasers
- 2014
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In: ECS Transactions. - : Electrochemical Society. - 1938-5862 .- 1938-6737. ; , s. 61-68
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BH-QCLs were fabricated with regrowth of semi-insulating InP:Fe in hydride vapor phase epitaxy reactor. Two types of lateral ridge QCL designs were considered: (i) closely spaced ridges with double trenches and (ii) widely and uniformly spaced ridges. The etched depth varies from 6 to 15 μm in the former and 6 to10 μm in the latter. Double trenches of about 14 μm deep take only < 40 minutes to planarize while the same time is needed to planarize about 8 μm deep trenches with uniform ridges. In any case the achieved growth rate is higher by at least one order of magnitude than that can be achieved in MBE and MOVPE. Some fabricated BH-QCLs are characterized and they exhibit spatially monomode (TMoo) laser with an output power of as high as 2.4 W and wall plug efficiency of ∼8-9% at RT under CW operation.
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| 13. |
- Mitrovic, I. Z., et al.
(author)
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Interface engineering routes for a future cmos ge-based technology
- 2014
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In: ECS Transactions. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1938-5862 .- 1938-6737. ; , s. 73-88
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present an overview study of two germanium interface engineering routes, firstly a germanate formation via La2O3 and Y2O3, and secondly a barrier layer approach using Al2O3 and Tm2O3. The interfacial composition, uniformity, thickness, band gap, crystallinity, absorption features and valence band offset are determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultra violet variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The correlation of these results with electrical characterization data make a case for Ge interface engineering with rare-earth inclusion as a viable route to achieve high performance Ge CMOS.
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| 14. |
- Noroozi, Mohammad, et al.
(author)
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Fabrications of size-controlled SiGe nanowires using I-line lithography and focused ion beam technique
- 2014
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In: ECS Transactions. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1938-5862 .- 1938-6737. ; , s. 167-174
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, a novel method using Focus Ion Beam (FIB) technique was applied to scale down Si1-xGex wires (x=0.27-0.57) to 20 nm width. Originally, the wires were processed by using Iline lithography and dry etching of SiGe on oxide (SGOI) substrates. The SGOI wafers were processed through condensation method where a SiGe/Si layer was grown in the beginning on SOI wafers and oxidized at 850-1050 °C. The shape of the nanowires (NWs) during the successive FIB cutting was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the carrier transport through the NWs was checked by resistivity measurements. The contact resistance was reduced by Ni-silicide prior to metallization. The fabricated NWs were also suspended by tilting FIB. The results present the limitations and challenges of FIB technique to create NWs for advanced sensors and transistors.
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| 15. |
- Ranstad, P., et al.
(author)
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SiC power devices in a soft switching converter including aspects on packaging
- 2014
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In: ECS Transactions. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1938-6737 .- 1938-5862. ; , s. 51-59
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In many applications of power electronic converters efficiency and size are important figures of merit. Low losses in the power semiconductors as well as high frequency operation are important factors to obtain compact and highly efficient converters. The converters considered in this paper are off-line industrial power supplies (~100 kW) operating at a switching frequency range of 20-40 kHz. Replacing Si power devices by SiC counterparts enables both lower losses and increased switching frequencies. In this paper, experimental results from SiC PiN diodes, (output rectifiers) and SiC MOSFETs, (active switches) are presented.
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| 16. |
- Reshanov, S. A., et al.
(author)
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Full epitaxial trench type buried grid SiC JBS diodes
- 2014
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In: ECS Transactions. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1938-5862 .- 1938-6737. ; , s. 289-293
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The paper presents the advanced concept of fully epitaxial SiC junction barrier Schottky (JBS) diodes. It combines trench etching with embedded epitaxial re-growth and enables cost-efficient manufacturing. Fabricated devices are rated for 20A / 1200V and have leakage currents below 0.1μA at 1000V blocking voltage.
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| 17. |
- Röijezon, Ulrik, et al.
(author)
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Nordic Dedication to Musicians' Health and Performance : A Successful Launch of the First Nordic Conference
- 2014
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In: Medical problems of performing artists. - : Science and Medicine, Inc.. - 0885-1158 .- 1938-2766. ; 29:4, s. 243-245
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Within the last 30 years performing arts medicine has grown internationally as a scientific and clinical specialty for investigation, examination, treatment, and prevention of disorders among performing arts professionals and amateurs, i.e., dancers, singers, musicians, actors, and others engaged in performing arts. In the Nordic countries, clinical specialization and research regarding the health situation of musicians and other performing artists has been relatively sparse. However, this has gained speed in the last decade and is today a growing field. Musicians' Health and Performance 1st Nordic Conference 2013 took place June 13-14, 2013, at the Acusticum Concert Hall in Piteå in the northern part of Sweden, close to the Arctic circle
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| 18. |
- Wernersson, Lars-Erik
(author)
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III-V Nanowire MOSFETs in RF-Applications
- 2014
-
In: ECS Transactions. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1938-6737 .- 1938-5862. ; 64:17, s. 69-73
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- InAs nanowires have been used to fabricate high-performance MOSFETs that have been integrated into small-scale RF-circuits. We describe the strategy for the design of the transistor architecture and present data for the DC and high-frequency performance. Studies of the 1/f-noise show competitive normalized noise spectral density although it suggests the presence of defects within the high-k film that affect the number of carriers in the transistor channel. These transistors have been used in single-balanced down-conversion mixers operating up to a few GHz.
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| 19. |
- Zhu, Hongrui, et al.
(author)
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The Precariousness of Young Chinese Being Working Holiday Makers in New Zealand
- 2022
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In: Journal of China Tourism Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1938-8160 .- 1938-8179. ; 18:4, s. 831-846
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study explores the precariousness experienced and perceived by Chinese working holiday makers in New Zealand, and thereby challenges the more commonly and broadly disseminated positive narratives about long-term travel such as backpacking and working holidays. Whilst young Chinese have participated in the working holiday scheme in New Zealand for over a decade, this nascent phenomenon is still under-represented in the literature. Based on in-depth interviews with Chinese working holiday makers, three themes relating to the precariousness they experienced or perceived have been identified: Working holiday makers being caught in co-ethnic communities, their having limited employment opportunities, and their facing inherent insecurities. Findings of this study extend current understandings of the inherently precarious status of Chinese working holiday makers, as well as provide practical recommendations to the working holiday scheme.
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| 20. |
- Alexanderson, Helena, et al.
(author)
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MIS 3 age of the Veiki moraine in N Sweden – Dating the landform record of an intermediate-sized ice sheet in Scandinavia
- 2022
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In: Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1523-0430 .- 1938-4246. ; 54:1, s. 239-261
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Veiki moraine in northern Sweden, a geomorphologically distinct landscape of ice-walled lake plains, has been interpreted to represent the former margin of an intermediate-sized pre–Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) Fennoscandian ice sheet, but its age is debated as either marine isotope stage (MIS) 5c or MIS 3. We have applied optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon dating to four sites within the northern part of the Veiki moraine to establish its chronology. The radiocarbon ages provide only minimum ages and most OSL ages have low precision due to poor luminescence characteristics and problems with incomplete bleaching, leading to two alternative ages. In either case, the OSL dating places the Veiki moraine formation in MIS 3 (best estimate 56–39 ka). Sedimentation continued in the low-lying centers of some plateaus (ice-walled lake plains) during MIS 3 and during the Holocene, with a break during the Last Glacial Maximum when the area was ice covered. We speculatively constrain the broad timing further by relating the sequence of events to other climate records. We suggest that ice margin retreat to the west of the Veiki area took place during Greenland Interstadial (GI) 16.1 (58.0–56.5 ka) and that limited ice advances, which led to debris-covered ice margins in the Veiki zone, occurred during the following stadials GS-16.1 to 15.1 (56.5–54.2 ka). The GI-14 interstadial, which began 54.2 ka and lasted ~5.9 ka, could then be the period when the ice within the dead-ice landscape melted, first leading to ice-walled lakes and later to the inversed topography characteristic of the Veiki landscape.
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| 21. |
- Bagge, Hans, et al.
(author)
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Measured indoor hygrothermal conditions and occupancy levels in an arctic Swedish multi-family building
- 2014
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In: HVAC&R Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1078-9669 .- 1938-5587. ; 20:4, s. 376-383
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As requirements regarding energy efficiency are getting tougher, buildings in the arctic, as well as the rest of the world, need to be more energy efficient without compromising a good indoor climate. This article presents measured moisture supply and occupancy level in a Swedish arctic multi-family apartment block. Measurements were done over 1 year every 30 minutes in a building consisting of 51 apartments located in Kiruna, at latitude 67.9 degrees. Averages and typical variations on different timescales, year and day, are presented for the different parameters, as well as correlations between the parameters; for example, moisture supply as a function of occupancy level. The results can be used when input data for simulations of energy use, moisture conditions and indoor climate are chosen, as well as a reference to compare measurements to during verifications. In energy efficient buildings, occupant behavior generally has an extensive impact on building performance, which means that the characteristics of behavior related parameters are important to be able to describe.
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| 22. |
- Riel, Heike, et al.
(author)
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III-V compound semiconductor transistors-from planar to nanowire structures
- 2014
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In: MRS Bulletin. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1938-1425 .- 0883-7694. ; 39:8, s. 668-677
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Conventional silicon transistor scaling is fast approaching its limits. An extension of the logic device roadmap to further improve future performance increases of integrated circuits is required to propel the electronics industry. Attention is turning to III-V compound semiconductors that are well positioned to replace silicon as the base material in logic switching devices. Their outstanding electron transport properties and the possibility to tune heterostructures provide tremendous opportunities to engineer novel nanometer-scale logic transistors. The scaling constraints require an evolution from planar III-V metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) toward transistor channels with a three-dimensional structure, such as nanowire FETs, to achieve future performance needs for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) nodes beyond 10 nm. Further device innovations are required to increase energy efficiency. This could be addressed by tunnel FETs (TFETs), which rely on interband tunneling and thus require advanced III-V heterostructures for optimized performance. This article describes the challenges and recent progress toward the development of III-V MOSFETs and heterostructure TFETs-from planar to nanowire devices-integrated on a silicon platform to make these technologies suitable for future CMOS applications.
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| 23. |
- SKOU, SØREN T., et al.
(author)
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Benefits and Harms of Interventions With Surgery Compared to Interventions Without Surgery for Musculoskeletal Conditions : A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
- 2022
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In: Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. - : Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT). - 0190-6011 .- 1938-1344. ; 52:6, s. 312-344
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To estimate the benefits and harms of interventions with and without surgery for musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions. DESIGN: Intervention systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). LITERATURE SEARCH: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and CENTRAL, all up to January 7, 2021. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: RCTs (English, German, Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian) of interventions with and without surgery conducted in any setting for any non-fracture MSK condition in adults (mean age: 18+ years) evaluating the outcomes on a continuous (benefits) or count (harms) scale. Outcomes were pain, self-reported physical function, quality of life, serious adverse events (SAEs), and death at 1 year. DATA SYNTHESIS: Random-effects metaanalyses for MSK conditions where there were data from at least 2 trials. RESULTS: One hundred RCTs (n = 12 645 patients) across 28 different conditions at 9 body sites were included. For 9 out of 13 conditions with data on pain (exceptions include some spine conditions), 11 out of 11 for function, and 9 out of 9 for quality of life, there were no clinically relevant differences (standardized mean difference of 0.50 or above) between interventions with and without surgery. For 13 out of 16 conditions with data on SAEs and 16 out of 16 for death, there were no differences in harms. Only 6 trials were at low risk of bias. CONCLUSION: The low certainty of evidence does not support recommending surgery over nonsurgical alternatives for most MSK conditions with available RCTs. Further high-quality RCTs may change this conclusion.
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| 24. |
- Tong, Lianming, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Nanogaps for SERS applications
- 2014
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In: MRS Bulletin. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0883-7694 .- 1938-1425. ; 39:2, s. 163-168
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The nanogap is possibly the single most important physical entity in surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Nanogaps between noble metal nanostructures deliver extremely high electric field-enhancement, resulting in an extraordinary amplification of both the excitation rate and the emission rate of Raman active molecules situated in the gap. In some cases, the resulting surface-enhancement in the gap can be so high that Raman spectra from single molecules can be measured. Here, we briefly review some important concepts and experimental results on nanoscale gaps for SERS applications.
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| 25. |
- Kimari, Wangui, et al.
(author)
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The invisible labor of the “New Angola” : Kilamba’s domestic workers
- 2022
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In: Urban geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0272-3638 .- 1938-2847. ; , s. 1-18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Kilamba, the first of the new centralities in Angola, is increasingly visible in recent urban scholarship about Luanda, further establishing it as the symbol of both this “new” post-war city and the “New Angola.” Within local discourses of progress, its emergence from within “petro-urbanism,” and its size and modern aesthetics are emphasized, while little attention has been directed towards understanding the actual contributions of its workers, particularly the women who spend a significant part of their day cleaning Kilamba’s apartments. In this paper, we combine a social reproduction framework with infrastructure studies to trace the labor of Kilamba’s female domestic workers, in order to demonstrate how their everyday practices uphold the status and materiality of this centrality, even as their work is invisibilized. In doing so, we understand their commentaries about this space, often refracted through descriptions of their homes, as critiques of the infrastructural priorities of the “New Angola.”
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Kendler, Kenneth S., et al.
(author)
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Predicting the Onset of Opioid Use Disorder in the Swedish General Population
- 2022
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In: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.. - 1937-1888 .- 1938-4114. ; 83:3, s. 332-341
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Given the public health importance of opioid use disorder (OUD), we sought to understand better its risk predictors in the Swedish general population. Method: We examined the Swedish population, born 1950–1970 (n = 2,092,359), and followed through 2018. Using Cox, logistic, and co-sibling models, we explored associations between a wide range of putative risk factors and a first onset of OUD—assessed through medical, criminal, and pharmacy registers—in the entire cohort and in the cohort wherein prior cases of drug use disorder (DUD) were censored. Results: OUD was predicted by the following four risk factor domains: (a) externalizing syndromes, especially prior non-opioid DUD; (b) psychopathology; (c) psychosocial factors, including social class and immigrant and marital status; and (d) serious injuries and pain diagnoses. When predicting OUD as the first form of DUD, the importance of pain diagnoses as a predictor increased. Co-sibling analyses suggested that the association of some of these risk factors with OUD onset was likely largely causal, whereas others were a mixture of causal effects and familial confounding. An aggregate risk score from these individual risk factors had reasonable receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve performance. Conclusions: OUD is a multifactorial syndrome for which risk can be meaningfully predicted by prior externalizing syndromes, internalizing and psychotic psychopathology, indicators of psychosocial status, and predictors of pain diagnoses. Some important differences were seen in the prediction of any OUD onset versus OUD onset as the first form of DUD. Much of the effect of these predictors appear, in co-sibling analyses, to likely reflect causal influences.
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| 28. |
- Djalali, Ahmadreza, et al.
(author)
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Nonstructural Safety of Hospitals for Disasters : A Comparison Between Two Capital Cities
- 2014
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In: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1935-7893 .- 1938-744X. ; 8:2, s. 179-184
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Hospitals are expected to function as a safe environment during disasters, but many become unusable because of nonstructural damage. This study compares the nonstructural safety of hospitals to disasters in Tehran and Stockholm.METHODS: Hospital safety in Tehran and Stockholm was assessed between September 24, 2012, and April 5, 2013, with use of the nonstructural module of the hospital safety index from the World Health Organization. Hospital safety was categorized as safe, at risk, or inadequate.RESULTS: All 4 hospitals in Stockholm were classified as safe, while 2 hospitals in Tehran were at risk and 3 were safe. The mean nonstructural safety index was 90% ± 2.4 SD for the hospitals in Stockholm and 64% ± 17.4 SD for those in Tehran (P = .014).CONCLUSIONS: The level of hospital safety, with respect to disasters, was not related to local vulnerability. Future studies on hospital safety should assess other factors such as legal and financial issues. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-6).
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| 29. |
- Khorram-Manesh, Amir, 1958, et al.
(author)
-
Civilian Population Victimization: A Systematic Review Comparing Humanitarian and Health Outcomes in Conventional and Hybrid Warfare.
- 2022
-
In: Disaster medicine and public health preparedness. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1938-744X .- 1935-7893.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Summarize the Hybrid War's core characteristics and humanitarian and medical impacts.A Systematic Literature Review according to PRISMA guidelines, using the following keywords, Hybrid War; Humanitarian Law; Human Rights; Lawfare, and search engines, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Gothenburg University's database to collect literature from 2000 to 2022 in English. The eligibility of qualified articles was assessed, an inductive qualitative thematic analysis was applied, and the scientific evidence of each selected piece was evaluated.The objectives of a Hybrid War are to achieve the tactical and strategic goals in a battle rather than to save civilian lives. It involves networks of state and non-state actors with various means of military and militia influences and strategies, creating difficulties in implementing, controlling, and evaluating the "International Humanitarian Law's A State responsibility" principle, to gain insight into an armed conflict. It targets populated civilian areas and raises ethical and moral concerns by using Lawfare.Hybrid War's multi-domain action should be met with multi-dimensional approaches and "acceptable losses" doctrine. Its characteristics and consequences should be learned and taught. Several measures need to be implemented to counteract its impacts, and a flexible surge capacity should be designed, planned, and executed.
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| 30. |
- Al-Wathinani, A. M., et al.
(author)
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Raising Awareness of Hearing and Communication Disorders Among Emergency Medical Services Students: Are Knowledge Translation Workshops Useful?
- 2022
-
In: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1935-7893 .- 1938-744X. ; 17
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: In numerous countries, emergency medical services (EMS) students receive curriculum training in effective patient-provider communication, but most of this training assumes patients have intact communication capabilities, leading to a lack of preparedness to interact with patients, who have communication disorders. In such cases, first responders could end up delivering suboptimal care or possibly wrong procedures that could harm the disabled person. Method: A quasi-experimental design (pretest-posttest) was used to assess the knowledge of EMS students both before and after a translation workshop on how to deal with patients who have hearing and communication disorders during emergencies. Comparisons between pretest and posttest scores were examined using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The level of knowledge scores was compared before and after the workshop. Results: The results indicated that EMS students' scores improved after the workshop. There was a 0.763 increase in the average score of knowledge level. The results of this study show that knowledge translation workshops are a useful intervention to enhance the level of knowledge among EMS students when interacting with hearing and communication patients. Conclusions: Our results show that such training workshops lead to better performance. Communication is a vital element in a medical encounter between health care providers and patients at all levels of health care but specifically in the prehospital arena. Insufficient or lack of communication with a vulnerable population, who may suffer from various disabilities, has a significant impact on the outcome of treatment or emergency management.
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| 31. |
- Andresen, Edith, et al.
(author)
-
Processes in collaborative entrepreneurship : a longitudinal case study of how multiple actors exploit a radically new opportunity
- 2014
-
In: The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1554-7191 .- 1555-1938. ; 10:4, s. 713-726
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this longitudinal case study, the authors integrate the theory on social movement with the entrepreneurship literature on opportunity discovery, evaluation, and exploitation. They construct a model on collaborative entrepreneurial processes in which multiple partners are involved in identifying, forming, and exploiting an opportunity. Three interdependent subprocesses are identified: (1) the opportunity conceptualization dialogue, (2) resource mobilization and, (3) legitimacy building, which significantly contribute to our understanding of how individuals across different organizations become engaged in collaborative entrepreneurial processes. The model of collaborative entrepreneurial processes complements traditional models of the entrepreneurial process, which place the individual entrepreneur at the center of the process and does not consider group mobilization processes in which the actors aim to be creative and innovative in collaborating with actors from other organizations or firms.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Elldér, Erik
(author)
-
Commuting choices and residential built environments in Sweden, 1990–2010: a multilevel analysis
- 2014
-
In: Urban Geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0272-3638 .- 1938-2847. ; 35:5, s. 715-734
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Scholars argue that everyday travel behavior is related less to location than to individual choice, due to the space–time convergence evident with increasing individual mobility. Yet, very few studies have empirically measured trends in the relative significance of location for travel habits over time. This article uses multilevel models based on official register data covering the total Swedish working population to explore how home–work distance varied among workers and across residential areas between 1990 and 2010. The results indicate growing variation in home–work distance for workers living in the same residential neighborhoods and that the significance of residential location for the home–work distance decreased throughout the studied period. The results may suggest that there is less scope now than in the early 1990s for shaping commuting behavior by altering the built environment in Sweden.
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| 35. |
- Eriksson, Ingemar, et al.
(author)
-
Surface tension generated defects in full penetration laser keyhole welding
- 2014
-
In: Journal of laser applications. - : Laser Institute of America. - 1042-346X .- 1938-1387. ; 26:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During laser keyhole welding of thin plates the melt pool is relatively wide compared to the plate thickness. Under certain conditions an elongated keyhole can be created and a permanent hole is sometimes left in the weld seam. The generation of such holes is determined by surface tension effects in the melt which can generate a self sustaining geometry at the rear of the melt pool. The geometry of the shape is known as a catenoid and has clear geometrical limits.
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| 36. |
- Frostevarg, Jan, et al.
(author)
-
Undercut suppression in laser-arc hybrid welding by melt pool tailoring
- 2014
-
In: Journal of laser applications. - : Laser Institute of America. - 1042-346X .- 1938-1387. ; 26:3, s. 4-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In welding, high welding speeds are usually limited by an increase in undercut. This study shows that the geometrical conditions of the melt flow can be tailored to suppress undercut when using the arc leading setup. By applying high speed imaging, it can be seen that the keyhole and its position affects the melt flow, making the distance between the laser and the arc an important parameter. Undercut formation usually occurs due to a narrowing or necking of the melt flow behind the gouge that can be prevented if the melt flow is changed by optimizing the laser/arc positioning
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| 37. |
- Fröjd, Christina, et al.
(author)
-
Soil organic carbon stocks in mountain periglacial areas of northern Patagonia (Argentina)
- 2022
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In: Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1523-0430 .- 1938-4246. ; 54:1, s. 176-199
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study presents a detailed soil organic carbon (SOC) inventory for two areas in the mountain periglacial zone of northern Patagonia (altitude range c. 1,400–2,100 m). We describe plant cover and soil profiles at twenty-seven sites representing the main land cover classes and landform types at and above the treeline. The mean SOC 0–100 cm storage is 2.31 kg C m−2 for the combined study areas, which includes 69 percent of bare ground surfaces with negligible SOC stocks. If we consider the vegetated alpine belt only, mean SOC 0–100 cm storage increases to 6.96 kg C m−2. Solifluction has resulted in areas with dense plant cover and deep soil profiles with mean SOC 0–100 cm of 17.1 to 18.3 kg C m−2 and a maximum total stock of 51.5 kg C m−2. Lowest SOC storages of 0.13 to 0.63 kg C m−2 are found in bare and sparsely vegetated high-elevation areas with shallow and stony soils developed in patterned ground (stripes and sorted circles). Projected future increases in ambient temperature will likely result in an upward shift of the alpine vegetation belt with soil development, creating new areas of ecosystem carbon storage.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Janbakhsh, Setareh, et al.
(author)
-
Numerical study of a ventilation system based on wall confluent jets
- 2014
-
In: ASHRAE Transactions. - : ASHRAE. - 9781936504824 ; 20:8, s. 846-861
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study presents a numerical investigation of an air supply device based on wall confluent jets in a ventilated room. Confluent jets can be described as multiple round jets issuing from supply device apertures. The jets converge, merge, and combine at a certain distance downstream from the supply device and behave as a united jet or so-called "confluent "jets. The numerical predictions of the velocity flow field of isothermal confluent jets with three Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models (RNG k-ε, realizable k-ε, and SST k - ω) are reported in the present study. The results of the numerical predictions are verified with detailed experimental measurements by hot-wire anemometer and constant-temperature anemometers for two airflow rates. The box method is used to provide the inlet boundary conditions. The study of the airflow distribution showed that a primary wall jet (wall confluent jet) exists close to the supply device along the wetted-wall and a secondary wall jet is created after the stagnation region along the floor. It is presented that the flow field of the primary and secondary wall jet predicted by turbulence models is in good agreement with the experimental data. The current study is also compared with the literature in terms of the velocity decay and the spreading rate of the primary and secondary wall jet, the results of which are consistent with each other. Velocity decay and the spreading rate of the secondary wall jet in vertical and lateral directions were studied for different inlet airflow rates and inlet discharge heights. The comparative results demonstrate that the flow behavior is nearly independent of the inlet flow rate. Inlet discharge height is found to have impact close to the inlet, where the velocity decays faster when the jet discharges at a higher level. The decay tendency is similar as the jet enters into the room for all discharge heights.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Kaplan, Alexander
(author)
-
Laser absorptivity on wavy molten metal surfaces : Categorization of different metals and wavelengths
- 2014
-
In: Journal of laser applications. - : Laser Institute of America. - 1042-346X .- 1938-1387. ; 26:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The absorptivity of a laser beam interacting at grazing incidence with the processing front during laser welding, cutting, or drilling depends on the metal to be processed and on the laser wavelength. The absorptivity on a smooth processing front is homogeneously governed by the angle-dependent operating range of the corresponding Fresnel-curve. In contrast, a wavy processing front strongly modulates the absorptivity across the surface. The calculated absorptivity modulation is presented for five different metals and four laser wavelengths. A discussion based on the respective optical constants and Fresnel-curves leads to a categorization of the absorption behavior, mainly dividing into low and high electrical conductivity metals as well as into short and 10.6 μm long laser wavelength. Six categories are distinguished. In particular, highly conductive metals remain highly reflective for short laser wavelength, even for a wavy processing front. Exceptions of higher overall absorptance are Cu for 532 nm and Al for 808 or 532 nm
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| 42. |
- Karlsson, Eva, et al.
(author)
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"Carpe Diem" : Supporting conversations between individuals with dementia and their family members
- 2014
-
In: Journal of Gerontological Nursing. - : SLACK, Inc.. - 0098-9134 .- 1938-243X. ; 40:2, s. 38-46
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Remembrance of recent events is a major problem for individuals with dementia. Consequently, this article explores the process of acceptance and integration of a digital photograph diary (DPD) as a tool for remembrance of and conversations about daily life events. A design for multiple case studies was used. Seven couples, in which one individual in the couple had Alzheimer's disease, tested the DPD for 6 months. Data were collected in three sequences with interviews, observations, and screening instruments. In the analysis, all data were integrated to find common patterns of content. Some couples became regular users, while others used the DPD more sporadically. Factors contributing to regular use were how the DPD matched expectations, actual use, support, experienced usefulness, and reactions from family and friends. For those couples who became regular users, the DPD facilitated their conversation about recent daily activities
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| 43. |
- Khorram-Manesh, Amir, 1958, et al.
(author)
-
Narcissistic Sociopathy in Global Autocratic Leaders: Arrested Development, Obsessive Demand for Power, and the Emergence of Unlawful Hybrid Wars.
- 2022
-
In: Disaster medicine and public health preparedness. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1935-7893 .- 1938-744X. ; 17
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There are several reasons why war occurs. The most lethal wars are those caused by 1 man's decisions solely driven by an obsessive need for power. With disregard for International Humanitarian Law and the Geneva Convention, these wars, referred to as hybrid warfare, purposefully target civilians directly resulting in millions of deaths, injuries, mass migration, and other severe global and public health consequences. The purpose of this commentary is to investigate the developmental nature of those decision-makers and the consequences of their acts of aggression both locally and globally. There is a clear relationship between the psychological developments of individuals with narcissistic and psychopathological disorders and the implications of an abnormal progression of these individuals and their obsessive desire for singular leadership, which seriously impacts health-care security and its essential elements provided by international humanitarian law and Geneva Convention. Current double standards of the West allow narcissistic sociopaths and autocratic leaders to neglect international law, especially the so-called international humanitarian law. This double standard must be ceased and replaced by an international investigative system with universal standards, a special tribunal covering hybrid war crimes as well as the crime of aggression, and to prevent future leaders from choosing the same strategies.
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| 44. |
- Leemans, L., et al.
(author)
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It Hurts to Move! Intervention Effects and Assessment Methods for Movement-Evoked Pain in Patients With Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
- 2022
-
In: Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. - : Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT). - 0190-6011 .- 1938-1344. ; 52:6, s. 345-374
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effects of musculoskeletal rehabilitation interventions on movementevoked pain and to explore the assessment methods/protocols used to evaluate movement-evoked pain in adults with musculoskeletal pain. DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analysis. LITERATURE SEARCH: Three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials investigating musculoskeletal rehabilitation interventions for movement-evoked pain in adults with musculoskeletal pain were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: Meta-analysis was conducted for outcomes with homogeneous data from at least 2 trials. The mean change in movementevoked pain was the primary outcome measure. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. RESULTS: Thirty-eight trials were included, and 60 different interventions were assessed. There was moderate-certainty evidence of a beneficial effect of exercise therapy compared to no treatment (standardized mean difference [SMD], -0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.83, -0.47; P<.001) on movement-evoked pain in adults with musculoskeletal pain. There was low-certainty evidence of a beneficial effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation compared to no treatment (SMD, -0.46; 95% CI: -0.71, -0.21; P=.0004). There was no benefit of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation when compared to sham transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (SMD, -0.28; 95% CI: -0.60, 0.05; P=.09; moderate-certainty evidence). CONCLUSION: There was moderate-certainty evidence that exercise therapy is effective for reducing movement-evoked pain in patients with musculoskeletal pain compared to no treatment. Consider exercise therapy as the first-choice treatment for movement-evoked pain in clinical practice.
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| 45. |
- Liu, C. W., et al.
(author)
-
New materials for post-Si computing
- 2014
-
In: MRS bulletin. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0883-7694 .- 1938-1425. ; 39:8, s. 658-662
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is now widely recognized that continued performance gains in electronic computing will require new materials, both in the short and long term. In the short term, the silicon channel in transistors will be replaced by materials with higher mobility that are easier to "scale" (make thinner). In data storage, the goal is to have fast, non-volatile memory with a smaller cell size. In the long term, new architectures and new types of logic devices will be needed in order to further reduce power consumption. New materials cannot only boost performance, but can also add new functionalities, such as on-chip photonics, which can vastly improve interchip interconnects. The need for new materials is a big opportunity for materials research, but also a challenge. Replacement technologies must outperform conventional silicon technology, but also be compatible with the vast infrastructure of silicon manufacturing. Examples of some of the materials advances in the areas of computation, memory, and communication are given in this issue of MRS Bulletin
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| 46. |
- Moodera, Jagadeesh S., et al.
(author)
-
On the path toward organic spintronics
- 2014
-
In: MRS bulletin. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0883-7694 .- 1938-1425. ; 39:7, s. 578-581
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Organic materials provide a unique platform for exploiting the spin of the electron-a field dubbed organic spintronics. Originally, this was mostly motivated by the notion that because of weak spin-orbit coupling, due to the small mass elements in organics and small hyperfine field coupling, organic matter typically displays a very long electron spin coherence time. More recently, however, it was found that organics provide a special class of spintronic materials for many other reasons-several of which are discussed throughout this issue. Over the past decade, there has been a growing interest in utilizing the molecular spin state as a quantum of information, aiming to develop multifunctional molecular spintronics for memory, sensing, and logic applications. The aim of this issue is to stimulate the interest of researchers by bringing to their attention the vast possibilities not only for unexpected science but also for the enormous potential for developing new functionalities and applications. The six articles in this issue deal with some of the breakthrough work that has been ongoing in this field in recent years.
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| 47. |
- Moradi, Mahmoud, et al.
(author)
-
Parameter dependencies in laser hybrid arc welding by design of experiments and by a mass balance
- 2014
-
In: Journal of laser applications. - : Laser Institute of America. - 1042-346X .- 1938-1387. ; 26:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reinforcement, undercut, and root drop-through during laser hybrid arc welding of steel were studied in dependence of gap width, welding speed, and wire feeding rate. Generalized trends were obtained through design of experiments. Most of the trends could be explained by a mass balance while some parameter impacts relied on more complex mechanisms. In particular, different levels of complexity of parameter dependencies were distinguished, ranging from monotonous behaviour to maxima and to changing signs of the trends. The findings are of high practical relevance to optimize the process with respect to the weld quality. Moreover, the potential and limits of the design of experiments method, of a mass balance, and of the matrix flow chart method are discussed.
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| 48. |
- Muhammad, Khayal, et al.
(author)
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Physicians' perception about the side effects of covid-19 vaccine and their role in vaccination program
- 2022
-
In: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1935-7893 .- 1938-744X. ; 16:6, s. 2290-2292
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused many problems in the health sector. Effective and safe vaccines are the only tool to combat the COVID-19 disease. Researchers and regulatory agencies have made efforts to develop such vaccines and healthcare professionals were prioritized for the vaccination program as first-line care providers. Considering this prioritization, we aimed to assess the physicians' perceptions regarding the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine.Methods: An interview-based study was conducted from May 5 May to November 5, 2021 (6 months) in a teaching hospital in the capital city of Islamabad, Pakistan.Results: Among the 200 physicians who agreed to participate in the interview, 74% were male. A total of 94% did not experience any side effects after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, regardless of the type of vaccine; 6% experienced side effects. Furthermore, 90% of physicians were afraid of side effects due to the high number of vaccine doses.Conclusion: Conclusively, physicians had a positive perception regarding the COVID-19 vaccine. Healthcare authorities and related departments must take precautions to ensure the effective and safe COVID-19 vaccine to change the perceptions of physicians who had a negative perception. This will not only reduce the reluctance among physicians regarding administering COVID-19 vaccine, but will also boost and facilitate the vaccination program for the general public as well.
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| 49. |
- Pold, Grace
(author)
-
Lowland tundra plant stoichiometry is somewhat resilient decades following fire despite substantial and sustained shifts in community structure
- 2022
-
In: Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1523-0430 .- 1938-4246. ; 54, s. 525-536
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Arctic is experiencing the greatest increase in average surface temperature globally, which is projected to amplify wildfire frequency and severity. Wildfire alters the biogeochemical characteristics of arctic ecosystems. However, the extent of these changes over time-particularly with regard to plant stoichiometries relative to community structure-is not well documented. Four years after the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, experienced its largest fire season, aboveground plant and lichen biomass was harvested across a gradient of burn history: unburned ("reference"), 2015 burn ("recent burn"), and 1972 burn ("historic burn") to assess the resilience of tundra plant communities to fire disturbance. Fire reduced aboveground biomass in the recent burn; early recovery was characterized by evergreen shrub and graminoid dominance. In the historic burn, aboveground biomass approached reference conditions despite a sustained reduction of lichen biomass. Although total plant and lichen carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) were reduced immediately following fire, N stocks recovered to a greater degree-reducing community-level C:N. Notably, at the species level, N enrichment was observed only in the recent burn. Yet, community restructuring persisted for decades following fire, reflecting a sustained reduction in N-poor lichens relative to more N-rich vascular plant species.
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| 50. |
- Saha-Dasgupta, Tanusri, et al.
(author)
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Computational design of magnetic metal-organic complexes and coordination polymers with spin-switchable functionalities
- 2014
-
In: MRS bulletin. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0883-7694 .- 1938-1425. ; 39:7, s. 614-620
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Magnetic metal-organic complexes and coordination polymer frameworks can exhibit a transition between two different spin states of the integrated transition-metal ion, an attribute known as a spin-crossover (SCO) transition. This is a spectacular phenomenon that provides magnetic bi-stability and reversible spin-switchability to the material. Consequently, the magnetic state of the metal-organic center can be externally steered by temperature, pressure, or light irradiation. SCO molecules therefore are promising materials for various technological applications, such as spintronics devices, photo-switches, color displays, and information storage units. In spite of the importance of SCO materials in spintronics and other applications, the materials-specifi c understanding of the SCO phenomenon has remained a challenge. Here we survey recent developments in first-principles computational design of SCO metal-organic materials. A major outcome of recent state-of-the-art investigations is that an accurate quantitative description and even computational design of SCO materials can be provided by density functional theory-based electronic structure calculations combined with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations.
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