| 1. |
- Avdic, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Modern Family? : Paternity Leave and Marital Stability
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : AMER ECONOMIC ASSOC. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 10:4, s. 283-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study how relationship stability of couples is affected by an increase in fathers' involvement in staying home from work with young children. We make use of a parental leave reform in Sweden that earmarked one month of paid leave to each parent in a regression discontinuity difference-in-differences (RD-DD) framework. Couples who were affected by the reform increased the take-up of fathers' leave but also increased their probability of separation compared to unaffected couples. We argue that the separation effect can be explained by the degree of restrictiveness of the policy in combination with role conflicts in traditional family constellations.
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| 2. |
- Axbard, Sebastian
(författare)
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Income Opportunities and Sea Piracy in Indonesia : Evidence from Satellite Data
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 8:2, s. 154-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of climatic variation on conflict and crime is well established, but less is known about the mechanism through which this effect operates. This study contributes to the literature by exploiting a new source of exogenous variation in climate to study the effect of fishermen's income opportunities on sea piracy. Using satellite data to construct a monthly measure of local fishing conditions it is found that better income opportunities reduce piracy. A wide range of approaches are employed to ensure that these effects are driven by income opportunities rather than other mechanisms through which climate could affect piracy.
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| 3. |
- Björkman Nyqvist, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Evidence on the Long-Run Impact of Community-Based Monitoring
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 9:1, s. 33-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluate the longer run impact of a local accountability intervention in primary health care provision in Uganda. Short-run improvements in health care delivery and health outcomes remained in the longer run despite minimal follow-up. We find no impact on the quality of care or health. outcomes of a lower cost intervention that focused on encouraging participation but did not provide information on staff performance. We provide suggestive evidence that informed beneficiaries are more likely to identify and challenge (mis)behavior by providers and, as a result, turn their focus to issues that they can manage locally.
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| 4. |
- Björkman Nyqvist, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Incentivizing Safer Sexual Behavior : Evidence from a Lottery Experiment on HIV Prevention
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 10:3, s. 287-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the effect of a financial lottery program in Lesotho with relatively low expected payments but a chance to win a high prize conditional on negative test results for sexually transmitted infections. The intervention resulted in a 21.4 percent reduction in HIV incidence over two years. Lottery incentives appear to be particularly effective in targeting individuals with ex ante risky sexual behavior, consistent with the hypothesis that lotteries are more valued by individuals willing to take risks.
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| 5. |
- Björkman Nyqvist, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Reducing Child Mortality in the Last Mile : Experimental Evidence on Community Health Promoters in Uganda
- 2019
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 11:3, s. 155-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The delivery of basic health products and services remains abysmal in many parts of the world where child mortality is high. This paper shows the results from a large-scale randomized evaluation of a novel approach to health care delivery In randomly selected villages, a sales agent was locally recruited and incentivized to conduct home visits, educate households on essential health behaviors, provide medical advice and referrals, and sell preventive and curative health products. Results after 3 years show substantial health impact: under 5-years child mortality was reduced by 27 percent at an estimated average cost of $68 per life-year saved.
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| 6. |
- Björnerstedt, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Does merger simulation work? : Evidence from the swedish analgesics market
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 8:3, s. 125-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze a large merger in the Swedish market for analgesics (painkillers). The merging firms raised prices by 40 percent, and some outsiders raised prices by more than 10 percent. We confront these changes with predictions from a merger simulation model. With basic supply side assumptions, the models correctly or moderately underpredict the merging firms' price increase. However, they predict a larger price increase for the smaller firm, which was not the case in practice, and they underpredict the outsiders' responses. We consider several supply side explanations: a plausible cost increase after the merger and the possibility of partial collusion.
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| 7. |
- Bolhaar, Jonneke, et al.
(författare)
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Job-search periods for welfare applicants: Evidence from a randomized experiment
- 2019
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 11:1, s. 92-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We combine a randomized experiment with administrative data to study the effects of mandatory job-search periods in the Dutch welfare system. Job-search periods postpone the first welfare-benefits payment and encourage applicants to start searching for jobs actively. Job-search periods substantially reduce benefits take up. The decline in benefits receipt is permanent, but fully compensated by increased earnings because of higher reemployment rates. We do not find detectable effects on health and crime outcomes, nor do we observe income declines for more vulnerable applicants. Our results suggest that job-search periods are an effective instrument for targeting benefits to welfare applicants.
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| 8. |
- Böhlmark, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Tipping and the Effects of Segregation
- 2020
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 12:1, s. 318-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze how neighborhood ethnic population composition affects the short- and long-run education and labor market outcomes of natives and immigrants. To overcome the problem of nonrandom sorting across neighborhoods, we borrow theoretical insights from the tipping point literature and exploit estimated tipping thresholds as instruments for changes in ethnic population composition. Our results provide little evidence in support of the idea that living in a neighborhood with a higher immigrant share leads to worse outcomes.
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| 9. |
- Carozzi, Felipe, et al.
(författare)
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Political Fragmentation and Government Stability : Evidence from Local Governments in Spain
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 14:2, s. 23-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies how political fragmentation affects government stability Using a regression discontinuity design, we show that each additional party with representation in the local parliament increases the probability that the incumbent government is unseated by 5 percentage points. The entry of an additional party affects stability by reducing the probability of a single-party majority and increasing the instability of governments when such a majority is not available. We interpret our results in light of a bargaining model of coalition formation featuring government instability.
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| 10. |
- Dahl, Gordon B., et al.
(författare)
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High School Majors and Future Earnings
- 2023
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 15:1, s. 351-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study how high school majors affect adult earnings using a regression discontinuity design. In Sweden students are admitted to majors in tenth grade based on their preference rankings and ninth grade GPA. We find engineering, natural science, and business majors yield higher earnings than social science and humanities, with major-specific returns also varying based on next-best alternatives. There is either a zero or a negative return to completing an academic program for students with a second-best nonacademic major. Most of the differences in adult earnings can be attributed to differences in occupation, and to a lesser extent, college major.
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| 11. |
- Dehdari, Sirus H., et al.
(författare)
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The Origins of Common Identity : Evidence from Alsace-Lorraine
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 14:1, s. 261-292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study how more negative historical exposure to the actions of nation-states — like war, occupation, and repression — affects the formation of regional identity. The quasi-exogenous division of the French regions Alsace and Lorraine allows us to implement a geographical regression discontinuity design at the municipal level. Using measures of stated and revealed preferences, we find that more negative experiences with nation-states are associated with a stronger regional identity in the short, medium, and long run. This is linked to preferences for more regional decision-making. Establishing regional organizations seems to be a key mechanism to maintaining and strengthening regional identity.
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| 12. |
- Edin, Per-Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The Rising Return to Noncognitive Skill
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 14:2, s. 78-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper uses administrative data from Sweden to document trends in the labor market returns to skills. Between 1992 and 2013, the economic return to noncognitive skill-a psychologist-assessed measure of teamwork and leadership skill roughly doubled. The return to cognitive skill was relatively stable and decreased modestly during the 2000s, however. Among men with similar levels of education, the return to noncognitive skill is higher than the return to cognitive skill. The increasing return to noncognitive skill is driven by changes at the top of the wage distribution and by sorting into higher-paying occupations.
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| 13. |
- Edin, Per-Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The Rising Return to Noncognitive Skill
- 2022
-
Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 14:2, s. 78-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper uses administrative data from Sweden to document trends in the labor market returns to skills. Between 1992 and 2013, the economic return to noncognitive skill—a psychologist-assessed measure of teamwork and leadership skill—roughly doubled. The return to cognitive skill was relatively stable and decreased modestly during the 2000s, however. Among men with similar levels of education, the return to noncognitive skill is higher than the return to cognitive skill. The increasing return to noncognitive skill is driven by changes at the top of the wage distribution and by sorting into higher-paying occupations.
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| 14. |
- Folke, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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All the Single Ladies : Job Promotions and the Durability of Marriage
- 2020
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 12:1, s. 260-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study how promotions to top jobs affect the probability of divorce. We compare the relationship trajectories of winning and losing candidates for mayor and parliamentarian and find that a promotion to one of these jobs doubles the baseline probability of divorce for women, but not for men. We also find a widening gender gap in divorce rates for men and women after being promoted to CEO. An analysis of possible mechanisms shows that divorces are concentrated in more gender-traditional couples, while women in more gender-equal couples are unaffected.
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| 15. |
- Friberg, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Do Expert Reviews Affect the Demand for Wine?
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 4:1, s. 193-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine the demand for wines in Sweden using five years ofweekly data on sales, advertising, and expert reviews. The effect of afavorable review peaks in the week after publication with an increasein demand of 6 percent, and the effect remains significant for morethan 20 weeks. We find small demand-enhancing effects of neutralreviews and no evidence of important negative effects from unfavorablereviews. Restrictions on the state-owned monopoly retailer andthe exogenous timing of a subset of the reviews support a causalinterpretation of the effects of reviews on demand.
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| 16. |
- Ginja, Rita, et al.
(författare)
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Employer Responses to Family Leave Programs
- 2023
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : AMER ECONOMIC ASSOC. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 15:1, s. 107-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Search frictions make worker turnover costly to firms. A three-month parental leave expansion in Sweden provides exogenous variation that we use to quantify firms' adjustment costs upon worker absence. The reform increased women's leave duration and likelihood of separating from pre-birth employers. Firms with greater exposure to the reform hired additional workers and increased coworkers to make it coworkers' hours, incurring wage costs corresponding to 10 full-time equivalent months in addition to replacing the work-ers. These adjustment costs varied by firms' availability of internal substitutes. We also analyze a daddy-month reform and find similar employer responses to male workers' leave, albeit smaller in magni-tude.
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| 17. |
- Hjalmarsson, Randi, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The Health Effects of Prisons
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal-Applied Economics. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 14:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies the health effects of Swedish prison reforms that held sentences constant but increased the share of time inmates had to serve. The increased time served did not harm post-release health and actually reduced mortality risk. We find especially large decreases in mortality for offenders not previously incarcerated, younger offenders, and those more attached to the labor market. Risk of suicide and circulatory death fell for inmates with mental health problems and older inmates, respectively. In-prison health care uti-lization and program participation increased with time served, sug-gesting health care treatment and services as the key mechanism for mortality declines.
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| 18. |
- Ketel, Nadine, et al.
(författare)
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The Returns to Medical School: Evidence from Admission Lotteries
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 8:2, s. 225-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We exploit admission lotteries to estimate the returns to medical school in the Netherlands. Using data from up to 22 years after the lottery, we find that in every single year after graduation doctors earn at least 20 percent more than people who end up in their next-best occupation. Twenty-two years after the lottery the earnings difference is almost 50 percent. Only a small fraction of this difference can be attributed to differences in working hours and human capital investments. The returns do not vary with gender or ability, and shift the entire earnings distribution.
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| 19. |
- Lafortune, Julien, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of School Facility Investments on Students and Homeowners : Evidence from Los Angeles
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 14:3, s. 254-289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study school facility investments using administrative records from Los Angeles. Exploiting quasi-random variation in the timing of new facility openings and using a residential assignment instrument, we find positive impacts on test scores, attendance, and house prices. Effects are not driven by changes in class size, peers, teachers, or principals, but some evidence points toward increased facility quality. We evaluate program efficiency using implied future earnings and housing capitalization. For each dollar spent, the program generated $1.62 in household value, with about 24 percent coming directly through test score gains and 76 percent from capitalization of non-test-score amenities.
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| 20. |
- Lim, Claire S. H., et al.
(författare)
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The Judge, the Politician and the Press : Newspaper Coverage and Criminal Sentencing Across Electoral Systems
- 2015
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 7:4, s. 103-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study how media environments interact with political institutions that structure the accountability of public officials. Specifically, we quantify media influence on the behavior of US state court judges. We analyze around 1.5 million criminal sentencing decisions from 1986 to 2006 and new data on the newspaper coverage of 9,828 trial court judges. Since newspaper coverage is endogenous, we use the match between newspaper markets and judicial districts to identify effects. We find that newspaper coverage significantly increases sentence length by nonpartisan elected judges for violent crimes. For partisan elected and appointed judges, there are no significant effects.
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| 21. |
- Lindqvist, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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The labor market returns to cognitive and noncognitive ability: Evidence from the swedish enlistment
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 3:1, s. 101-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use data from the Swedish military enlistment to assess the importance of cognitive and noncognitive ability for labor market outcomes. The measure of noncognitive ability is based on a personal interview conducted by a psychologist. We find strong evidence that men who fare poorly in the labor market—in the sense of unemployment or low annual earnings—lack noncognitive rather than cognitive ability. However, cognitive ability is a stronger predictor of wages for skilled workers and of earnings above the median.
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| 22. |
- Lundborg, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Parental Education and Offspring Outcomes : Evidence from the Swedish Compulsory School Reform
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 6:1, s. 253-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use the Swedish compulsory school reform to estimate the causal effect of parental education on sons' outcomes. To this end, we use data from the Swedish military enlistment register on the entire population of males and consider outcomes, such as cognitive skills, noncognitive skills, and various dimensions of health at the age of 18. We find positive effects of maternal education on sons' skills and health status but no effects of paternal education. One reason behind this result may be that the fathers affected by the reform did not face any labor market returns to their increased schooling.
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| 23. |
- Manduca, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring Absolute Income Mobility : Lessons from North America and Europet
- 2024
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 16:2, s. 1-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use linked parent-child administrative data for five countries in North America and Europe, as well as detailed survey data for two more, to investigate methodological challenges in the estimation of absolute income mobility. We show that the commonly used "copula and marginals" approximation methods perform well across countries in our sample, and the greatest challenges to their accuracy stem not from assumptions about relative mobility rates over time but from the use of nonrepresentative marginal income distributions. We also provide a multicountry analysis of sensitivity to specification decisions related to age of income measurement, income concept, family structure, and price index. (JEL D31, G51, I31, J12, J31, J62)
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| 24. |
- Meghir, Costas, et al.
(författare)
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Education and Mortality : Evidence from a Social Experiment
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 10:2, s. 234-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine the effects on mortality and health due to a major Swedish educationol reform that increased the years of compulsory schooling. Using the gradual phase-in of the reform between 1949 and 1962 across municipalities, we estimate insignificant effects of the reform on mortality in the affected cohort. From the confidence intervals, we con rule out effects' larger than 1-1.4 months of increased life expectancy. We find no significant impacts on mortality for individuals of low socioeconomic status backgrounds, on deaths that are more likely to be affected by behavior, on hospitalizations, and consumption of prescribed drugs.
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| 25. |
- Santavirta, Torsten
(författare)
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How Large Are the Effects from Temporary Changes in Family Environment : Evidence from a Child-Evacuation Program During World War II
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 4:3, s. 28-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During World War II, some 50,000 Finnish children were evacuated to Sweden and placed in foster families. The evacuation scheme limited sharply the scope for selection into foster care based on background characteristics. A first-come first-served policy was applied where the children were assigned a running number and processed anonymously. Using register and survey data, I examine the extent to which the foster environment affected later life outcomes of the Finnish child evacuees. The results show that nurture, the socioeconomic environment at early stages of life, has important effects on schooling.
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| 26. |
- Schumann, Abel
(författare)
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Persistence of population shocks : Evidence from the occupation of West Germany after world war II
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 6:3, s. 189-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the immediate aftermath of World War II, millions of German expellees were resettled into the new borders of Germany, but not into the parts of Germany that were occupied by France. Using a spatial regression discontinuity framework, I estimate the persistence of the population shock over a 20-year-period. Between 1945 and 1950, the inflow of people increased the population in municipalities where expellees could settle by 21.6 percent. The difference in population levels is highly persistent and remained 17.8 percent in 1970. The results suggest that population patterns in the region that I study were not determined by locational fundamentals. (JEL J11, N34, R12, R23).
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| 27. |
- Thoresson, Anna, 1988-
(författare)
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Employer Concentration and Wages for Specialized Workers
- 2024
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 16:1, s. 447-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies how wages respond to a sudden change in employer concentration by using the deregulation of the Swedish pharmacy industry. The reform involved a substantial and policy -driven increase in the number of employers that varied by local labor market. Exploiting this variation, elasticities of wages with respect to labor market concentration are estimated between -0.025 and -0.061. The positive wage effects from reduced employer concentration are most prevalent for more mobile workers as well as younger and foreign-born workers. Overall, the paper finds that employer concentration matters for wages in a context where skills are industry specific.
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| 28. |
- Åkerman, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Information Frictions, Internet, and the Relationship between Distance and Trader
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 14:1, s. 133-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine how the adoption of information communication technology affects bilateral trade. The context is a public program in Norway that rolled out broadband access points leading to plausibly exogenous variation in the availability and adoption of broadband by firms. We find that broadband makes trade patterns more sensitive to distance and economic size. These results are consistent with a model of trade with variable elasticity of demand. The model predicts that adoption of a technology that lowers information frictions enlarges the choice set of exporters and importers. This makes demand more elastic with respect to trade costs and thus distance.
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| 29. |
- Åslund, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Peers, Neighborhoods, and Immigrant Student Achievement : Evidence from a Placement Policy
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 3:2, s. 67-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine to what extent immigrant school performance is affected by the characteristics of the neighborhoods that they grow up in. We address this issue using a refugee placement policy that provides exogenous variation in the initial place of residence in Sweden. The main result is that school performance is increasing in the number of highly educated adults sharing the subject's ethnicity. A standard deviation increase in the fraction of high-educated in the assigned neighborhood raises compulsory school GPA by 0.8 percentile ranks. Particularly for disadvantaged groups, there are also long-run effects on educational attainment. (JEL I21, J15, R23)
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