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Numrering	Referens	Omslagsbild	Hitta
1.	Albo, Anton, 1991, et al. (författare) Modular Virtual Preparation method of production systems using a Digital Twin architecture 2021 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0740 .- 1946-0759. ; 2021-September Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Even though virtual engineering and preparational work within the automotive industry has become more widely used over the last years with its possibilities to improve software quality and reduce physical commissioning time, it is still a costly investment for most companies when implementing or upgrading production systems. The different approaches and key factors to reduce the costs are to investigate how to reduce the development time of modeling and which practice or standard is most suitable for a certain application. A developer needs to expand the utilization of the virtual work and the re-usability of its digital models, in addition, to find a balance of the required level of modeling details according to the required functionality. This paper presents a framework with a modular software setup that simulates a 3-DOF robot in three different cases with different levels of detail. The outcome of the cases is evaluated in the context of functionality, usefulness, and affordability. The paper further discusses and explores potential use in regards to the concept of Virtual Commissioning and Digital Twin.
2.	Bellone, Mauro, 1982, et al. (författare) Extension of Trajectory Planning in Parameterized Spaces to Articulated Vehicles 2017 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - Piscataway : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1946-0740 .- 1946-0759. - 9781509065059 - 9781509065042 - 9781509065066 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
3.	Bergagård, Patrik, 1984, et al. (författare) Derivation of placement transitions for offline calculation of restart states 2013 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0759 .- 1946-0740. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper presents a preprocess to an existing method for offline calculation of restart states for manufacturing systems modeled by operations. In the existing method, placement transitions are used to model restart in restart states from potential error states, and supervisory control theory is used to calculate which of these transitions are valid. With the proposed preprocess, the precedence andthe alternative dependencies between the operations are exploited in order to reduce the number of such placement transitions which are required in the model used by theexisting method. With such a reduced model, the valid restart states for larger and more complex systems can be calculated.
4.	Corneo, Lorenzo, et al. (författare) Service Level Agreements for Safe and Configurable Production Environments 2018 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - : IEEE. - 1946-0759 .- 1946-0740. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper focuses on Service Level Agreements (SLAs) for industrial applications that aim to port some of the control functionalities to the cloud. In such applications, industrial requirements should be reflected in SLAs. In this paper, we present an approach to integrate safety-related aspects of an industrial application to SLAs. We also present the approach in a use case. This is an initial attempt to enrich SLAs for industrial settings to consider safety aspects, which has not been investigated thoroughly before.
5.	Dahl, Martin, 1984, et al. (författare) Control components for Collaborative and Intelligent Automation Systems 2019 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0759 .- 1946-0740. ; 2019-September, s. 378-384 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Collaborative and intelligent automation systems need intelligent control systems. Some of this intelligence exist on a per-component basis in the form of vision, sensing, motion, and path planning algorithms. To fully take advantage of this intelligence, also the coordination of subsystems need to exhibit intelligence. While there exist middleware solutions that eases communication, development, and reuse of such subsystems, for example the Robot Operating System (ROS), good coordination also requires knowledge about how control is supposed to be performed, as well as expected behavior of the subsystems. This paper introduces lightweight components that wraps ROS2 nodes into composable control components from which an intelligent control system can be built. The ideas are implemented on a use case involving collaborative robots with on-line path planning, intelligent tools, and human operators.
6.	Dahl, Martin, 1984, et al. (författare) Virtual Reality Commissioning in Production Systems Preparation 2017 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0740 .- 1946-0759. - 9781509065059 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Virtual commissioning (VC) is a method used to virtually visualize and test production systems, control logic and material flows. The focus of this paper is to further extend this concept using Virtual Reality (VR). The introduction of VR in VC enhances the concept by adding a more realistic visualization and movement tracking which extends the possibilities of its validation. The changes to the validation aspect are mainly due to the fact that it is now possible to interact with the running virtual production in a realistic and intuitive way. The interaction gives designers and operators a new possibility to go from being observers to actors in the design phase. They are now able to validate the production system, test security protocols and validate the human interaction with the system, using VR.
7.	Danielsson, Jakob, et al. (författare) Investigating execution-characteristics of feature-detection algorithms 2017 Ingår i: IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 1946-0740 .- 1946-0759. ; Part F134116, s. 1-4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We discuss how to obtain information of execution characteristics, such as parallelizability and memory utilization, with the final aim to improve the performance and predictability of feature and corner detection algorithms for use in e.g. robotics and autonomous machines. Our aim is to obtain a better understanding of how computer vision algorithms use hardware resources and how to improve the time predictability and execution time of such algorithms when executing on multi-core CPUs. We evaluate a fork-join model applicable to feature detection algorithms and present a method for measuring how well the algorithm performance correlates with hardware resource usage. We have applied our method to the Featured from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) algorithm. Our characterization of FAST reveals that it is an algorithm with excellent parallelism opportunities, resulting in an almost linear speed-up per core. Our measurements also reveal that the performance of FAST correlates very little with the number number of misses in the L1 data cache, L1 instruction cache, data translation lookaside buffer and L2 cache. Thus, the FAST algorithm will not have a negative effect on the execution time when the input data fits in the L2 cache.
8.	Domova, Veronika, 1987-, et al. (författare) Improving Usability of Search and Rescue Decision Support Systems : WARA-PS Case Study 2020 Ingår i: Proceedings 25th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA 2020. - Vienna, Austria : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781728189574 - 9781728189567 ; 2020-September, s. 1251-1254 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Novel autonomous search and rescue systems, although powerful, still require a human decision-maker involvement. In this project, we focus on the human aspect of one such novel autonomous SAR system. Relying on the knowledge gained in a field study, as well as through the literature, we introduced several extensions to the system that allowed us to achieve a more user-centered interface. In the evaluation session with a rescue service specialist, we received positive feedback and defined potential directions for future work.
9.	Ebrahimi, Amir Hossein, 1976, et al. (författare) Formal analysis of product variability and the effects on assembly operations 2015 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0759 .- 1946-0740. - 9781467379298 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract A challenge for highly configurable products, like vehicles, is that the product system has to support all possible variants that can be configured by a customer. The production system is often highly automated with software in robots, machines and programmable logic controllers that need to be prepared to handle all possible variants. The link between the product and the assembly system can be expressed through operations where each operation models how a part in the bill-of-material is assembled to the product to be built. Typically the operations have precedence constraints that express that certain parts have to be assembled before other parts might be assembled. Given only the precedence constraints a product can generally be assembled in many different ways and through line balancing the operations are assigned to different stations, machines, and/or assembly workers. For configurable products the bill-of-material might be different for each variant, consequently the necessary operations will be different. However, since the operations have precedence constraints we have to make sure that all possible variants can be successfully assembled while still satisfying all precedence constraints. The contribution in this paper is a fully automated novel method that can determine if all possible product variants can be successfully assembled while still satisfying precedence constraints between operations.
10.	Erös, Endre, 1990, et al. (författare) Evaluation of high level methods for efficient planning as satisfiability 2021 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0740 .- 1946-0759. - 9781728129891 ; 26 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Fast planning algorithms play a key role in intelligent automation systems where control sequences are constantly calculated. In order to determine which algorithms increase planning performance, we evaluate and compare several high level planning methods on a set of standard benchmarks. We focus on planning as satisfiability as the leading approach for solving difficult planning problems.
11.	Erös, Endre, 1990, et al. (författare) Fault localization for intelligent automation systems 2023 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0740 .- 1946-0759. ; 2023-September Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Conventional programming of explicit control code is unsuitable for flexible and collaborative production systems. A model-based approach, which focuses on defining capabilities of a system, instead of specifying how to achieve them, provides an alternative for creating complex, scalable, and reliable systems. This is accomplished through the use of behavior models, and tools such as planning, synthesis, verification, and testing. However, developing such models is not without challenges, as it is possible to overlook or incorrectly specify potential behavior and constraints. This can result in unsolvable planning problems or plans that are invalid for other reasons. When plans are unobtainable, developers receive no feedback, which makes model adjustments a difficult and time-intensive task. This paper recognizes these challenges as crucial barriers for adopting model-based development of intelligent automation systems. To facilitate the development of such systems, an approach for detecting and localizing faults in behavior models is presented. Drawing inspiration from software fault localization techniques, the proposed method involves identifying suspicious resources, variables, and operations. The effectiveness of this approach is illustrated with an example use case.
12.	Erös, Endre, 1990, et al. (författare) Integrated virtual commissioning of a ROS2-based collaborative and intelligent automation system 2019 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0759 .- 1946-0740. ; , s. 407-413 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
13.	Erös, Endre, 1990, et al. (författare) Towards compositional automated planning 2020 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0759 .- 1946-0740. ; September, s. 416-423 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The development of efficient propositional satisfiability problem solving algorithms (SAT solvers) in the past two decades has made automated planning using SAT-solvers an established AI planning approach. Modern SAT solvers can accommodate a wide variety of planning problems with a large number of variables. However, fast computing of reasonably long plans proves challenging for planning as satisfiability. In order to address this challenge, we present a compositional approach based on abstraction refinement that iteratively generates, solves and composes partial solutions from a parameterized planning problem. We show that this approach decomposes the monolithic planning problem into smaller problems and thus significantly speeds up plan calculation, at least for a class of tested planning problems.
14.	Farooqui, Ashfaq Hussain, 1990, et al. (författare) Error handling within highly automated automotive industry: Current practice and research needs 2016 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0759 .- 1946-0740. - 9781509013142 ; 2016-November, s. Art no 7733628- Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Fault tolerant systems, commonly found in literature, are implemented in various computer applications. Some of these methods have been studied and developed to aid manufacturing systems; however, they have rarely been integrated into the manufacturing process. Broadly, the problem seems to be integration of error handling procedures towards the end of physically building the manufacturing line, lack of a defined workflow, untested program logic and inadequately equipped personnel to name a few. To this end, a survey was conducted within the Swedish automotive industry to get an understanding of current error handling procedures and its shortcomings, and are presented here. Based on this data, and looking at the trends within the manufacturing industry, this paper also identifies research topics aimed towards defining methods to create next generation fault tolerant manufacturing systems.
15.	Hanna, Atieh, et al. (författare) Industrial Challenges when Planning and Preparing Collaborative and Intelligent Automation Systems for Final Assembly Stations 2019 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728103037 ; 2019-September, s. 400-406 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract During the last five decades, automation and robotics have transformed the automotive industry by increasing efficiency and improving the product quality. However, future trucks that will be autonomous, electrical and connected will require a completely new type of flexibility and intelligence in the production systems, especially in the final assembly. To handle the increased complexity of the products, production processes and logistic systems, final assembly must be transformed into collaborative and intelligent automation systems. These systems will include collaborative and deliberative robots (cobots), advanced vision-based control, adaptive safety systems, online optimization and learning algorithms and connected and well-informed human operators. But it will be a huge undertaking to transform current trucks industry such that they can design, implement and maintain large scale collaborative and intelligent automation systems. This paper presents the challenges with current planning and preparation processes for final assembly as well as the requirement and possible solutions for the future processes. An industrial use case at Volvo Trucks based on Sequence Planner and ROS2 is used to evaluate the proposed planning and preparation processes.
16.	Hanna, Atieh, et al. (författare) Towards safe human robot collaboration - Risk assessment of intelligent automation 2020 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 1946-0759 .- 1946-0740. - 9781728189567 ; , s. 424-431 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Automation and robotics are two enablers for developing the Smart Factory of the Future, which is based on intelligent machines and collaboration between robots and humans. Especially in final assembly and its material handling, where traditional automation is challenging to use, collaborative robot (cobot) systems may increase the flexibility needed in future production systems. A major obstacle to deploy a truly collaborative application is to design and implement a safe and efficient interaction between humans and robot systems while maintaining industrial requirements such as cost and productivity. Advanced and intelligent control strategies is the enabler when creating this safe, yet efficient, system, but is often hard to design and build.This paper highlights and discusses the challenges in meeting safety requirements according to current safety standards, starting with the mandatory risk assessment and then applying risk reduction measures, when transforming a typical manual final assembly station into an intelligent collaborative station. An important conclusion is that current safety standards and requirements must be updated and improved and the current collaborative modes defined by the standards community should be extended with a new mode, which in this paper is refereed to the deliberative planning and acting mode.
17.	Hellström, Daniel, et al. (författare) Exploring an open-loop RFID implementation in the automotive industry 2009 Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - 1946-0759 .- 1946-0740. - 9781424427284 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper explores and describes the impact of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology on inventory accuracy within a production and assembly plant, and proposes a model for assessing the impact of the technology on inventory accuracy. The empirical investigation, based on case study research, focuses on a RFID implementation at a supplier of bumper and spoiler systems to the automotive industry. The results indicate that RFID ensures that inventory inaccuracy will be kept at minimum, providing practitioners with the opportunity to further eliminate waste and improve factory performance.
18.	Hovgard, Mattias, 1993, et al. (författare) Energy-Optimal Timing of Robot Stations Subject to Gaussian Disturbances 2019 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0759 .- 1946-0740. ; 2019-September, s. 1441-1444 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper proposes an optimization model for optimizing the energy use of industrial robots in production systems affected by stochastic disturbances. In the model there are a number of operations that needs to be completed by the robots before a deadline. The operations are of two types, one type that can not be controlled and have stochastic execution times. The other type are robot movements, and by extending their execution times energy can be saved. The goal of the optimization is to find the optimal combination of execution times for the robot movements, while meeting the deadline with a given probability.
19.	Hovgard, Mattias, 1993, et al. (författare) Energy-Optimal Timing of Stochastic Robot Stations in Automotive Production Lines 2022 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0740 .- 1946-0759. ; 2022-September Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper investigates the problem of reducing the energy use of robot stations with stochastic execution times in production lines in automotive factories. First, real stochastic cycle time data is used to analyze and improve the cycle time. The result shows that the cycle time mean can be decreased with the cost of an increase in cycle time variance. Second, the cycle time data is combined with energy models of real robot stations. A stochastic optimization problem is formulated where the goal is to reduce the energy use of the stations in the production line by lowering the robot velocities, while not affecting the cycle time of the production line. The optimization problem is solved and the resulting energy optimized station is simulated using the improved cycle time. The result shows that up to 23 percent of the energy use can be reduced by only marginally affecting the cycle time variance of the production line.
20.	Hovgard, Mattias, 1993, et al. (författare) Online Energy-Optimal Timing of Stochastic Robot Stations 2021 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0740 .- 1946-0759. ; 2021-September Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper investigates the problem of reducing the energy use of the movements of robots in industrial robot stations that have variations in execution times. An online method is presented that repeatedly solves an optimization problem during the execution of the station, that tries to minimize the energy use by finding the optimal execution times of the robot movements while at the same ensuring that the deadline of the station is met with a high enough probability. The method involves reformulating the original optimization problem, which is stochastic and nonlinear, into a convex version that can be solved efficiently. The method is tested on a simulated robot station and the result shows that the method is fast enough to be useable online and reduces the energy use of the station.
21.	Khan, Adnan, 1984, et al. (författare) On the Safe IOCOS relation for Testing Safety PLC Code 2019 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0759 .- 1946-0740. ; 2019-September, s. 1449-1452 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In this paper, limitations of the IOCOS testing relation in regard to testing safety PLC code is examined and a modification of the current IOCOS relation, called safe-IOCOS is proposed. In the IOCOS testing relation, an implementation is IOCOS with respect to a specification, if it emits a subset of the specified outputs and a super-set of the specified inputs after the execution of each trace in the specification. However, for testing safety PLC code, the IOCOS relation is not detailed enough as the subset requirement on the respective inputs and outputs could allow some safety behaviors to go untested. These limitations of the IOCOS relation may thus pose threats to humans. So the notion of safe-IOCOS is defined, which strengthens IOCOS to require equality between the implementation and the specification in relation to the inputs and outputs, respectively. An example shows these shortcomings of IOCOS and how the proposed safe-IOCOS relation is better suited for testing safety PLC code.
22.	Li, Jason, 1993, et al. (författare) Training Convolutional Neural Networks with Synthesized Data for Object Recognition in Industrial Manufacturing 2019 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0759 .- 1946-0740. ; , s. 1544-1547 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Visual tasks such as automated quality control or packaging require machines to be able to detect and identify objects automatically. In recent years object detection systems using deep learning have made significant advancements achieving better scores at a higher performance. However, these methods typically require large amounts of annotated images for training, which are costly and labor intensive to create. Therefore, it is an attractive alternative to generate the training data synthetically using computer-generated imagery (CGI). In this paper, we investigate how to add realistic texture to CAD objects to generate synthetic data for training of an instance segmentation network (Mask R-CNN) for recognition of manufacturing components. The results show that it is possible to create synthetic data with negligible human effort when using simple procedural materials.
23.	Meivik, Jacob, et al. (författare) Key Performance Indicators in Manufacturing Operations Management: A Case Study of the IS022400-Standard Applied at Volvo Cars 2018 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0740 .- 1946-0759. ; 2018-September, s. 1149-1152 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The ISO 22400 has defined a set of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to evaluate the performance of manufacturing operation. Though the calculation formulas and tendency analysis of KPIs are given in the standard, it is important to evaluate how the standard performs when implemented in an industrial setting. Based on analyzing the production process in Volvo car, an aggregation KPI evaluation system is proposed to evaluate the operation performance. Two failure KPIs defined in the ISO 22400, mean operation time between failure (MTBF) and mean time to failure (MTTF), are selected in the system. By calculating the failure KPIs in different levels and analyzing the working state of each station in two operating modes, the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed aggregation KPI evaluation system based on the standard is demonstrated.
24.	Najdataei, Hannaneh, 1988, et al. (författare) Adaptive Stream-based Shifting Bottleneck Detection in IoT-based Computing Architectures 2019 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0740 .- 1946-0759. ; 2019-September, s. 993-1000 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Cloud computing is revolutionizing the backbone of data analysis applications, including industrial ones. One of its main pillars is the separation of the logic with which data is accessed (e.g., to study the efficiency of a manufacturing system) from the actual hardware (e.g., server) that maintains and analyses the data. Large distributed cyber-physical systems enabled by, among other technologies, the Internet of Things (IoT), made nonetheless clear that 'what to do' with the data and 'where to do it' are not disjoint problems; i.e., cloud computing on its own is not enough. Fog and edge computing have emerged as complementary options, to distribute the analysis, helping with challenges by means of close-to-the-source data analysis.We show for a key problem for industrial processes, that of shifting bottleneck detection, how to take advantage of such multi-tier computing architectures, to perform continuous and configurable analysis of data from Manufacturing Execution Systems. We propose a processing framework, STRATUM, and an algorithm, AMBLE, for continuous, data stream processing. STRATUM seamlessly distributes and parallelizes the processing across the tiers and AMBLE guarantees consistent analysis in spite of timing fluctuations, which are commonly introduced due to e.g. the communication system; it also achieves efficiency through appropriate data structures for in-memory processing. The experimental study on a real-world dataset, taken from a production line over two years and including 8.5 million entries, shows the benefits of the proposed solution in enabling configurable and efficient analysis.
25.	Noori-Hosseini, Mona, 1982, et al. (författare) A survey on efficient diagnosability tests for automata and bounded Petri nets 2013 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0759 .- 1946-0740. - 9781479908622 ; , s. 1-6 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper presents a survey and evaluation of the efficiency of polynomial diagnosability algorithms for systems modeled by Petri nets and automata. A modified verification algorithm that reduces the state space by exploiting symmetry and abstracting unobservable transitions is also proposed. We show the importance of minimal explanations on the performance of diagnosability verifiers.Different verifiers are compared in terms of state spaceand elapsed time. It is shown that the minimal explanationnotion involved in the modified basis reachabilitygraph, a graph presented by Cabasino et al. [3] for diagnosability analysis of Petri nets, has great impact alsoon automata-based diagnosability methods. The evaluationoften shows improved computation times of a factor1000 or more when the concept of minimal explanation isincluded in the computation.
26.	Noori-Hosseini, Mona, 1982, et al. (författare) Incremental Abstraction for Diagnosability Verification of Modular Systems 2019 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0759 .- 1946-0740. - 9781728103037 ; 2019-September, s. 393-399 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In a diagnosability verifier with polynomial complexity, a non-diagnosable system generates uncertain loops. Such forbidden loops are in this paper transformed to forbidden states by simple detector automata. The forbidden state problem is trivially transformed to a nonblocking problem by considering all states except the forbidden ones as marked states. This transformation is combined with one of the most efficient abstractions for modular systems called conflict equivalence, where nonblocking properties are preserved. In the resulting abstraction, local events are hidden and more local events are achieved when subsystems are synchronized. This incremental abstraction is applied to a scalable production system, including parallel lines where buffers and machines in each line include some typical failures and feedback flows. For this modular system, the proposed diagnosability algorithm shows great results, where diagnosability of systems including millions of states is analyzed in less than a second.
27.	Ollinger, Lisa, et al. (författare) A Reference Architecture for Service-oriented Control Procedures and its Implementation with SysML and Grafchart 2013 Ingår i: IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA), 2013. - 1946-0759 .- 1946-0740. - 9781479908622 ; , s. 1-8 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Innovative engineering methods are needed to enhance the adaptability and agility of industrial control procedures and concurrently manage their rising complexity. Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) constitutes a promising paradigm to meet these challenges. To apply the rather abstract SOA principles to industrial automation, a model-driven engineering method is presented in this paper. Therefore, a reference architecture is introduced providing a framework to structure and define services for control tasks in a convenient way. The application of the engineering method is supported by an implementation concept. It uses SysML during the design phase and the process modeling and control language Grafchart for the execution of service-oriented control procedures.
28.	Quach, T. X., et al. (författare) Secrecy performance of cognitive cooperative industrial radio networks 2017 Ingår i: IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 1946-0740 .- 1946-0759. ; Part F134116, s. 1-8 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Although cognitive radio networks (CRNs) were originally intended as a powerful solution to enhance spectrum utilization, it can also be used to improve reliability by avoiding interference in the 2.4 or 5 GHz band. Using multiple relay nodes in CRNs, the outage probability, i.e., the probability that the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio drops below a predefined threshold, can be reduced significantly. This implies that the probability that a message is not delivered within a specific time frame, can be kept below a required threshold, even when there are constraints on energy efficiency in terms of peak transmit power. This is particularly useful for industrial networks with realtime constraints. However, using CRNs may also reveal secret information to eavesdroppers (EAVs). Therefore, guaranteeing secure and reliable communications in CRNs is still a challenging problem. To this end, the secrecy performance of a proactive decode-and-forward relaying scheme in a cognitive cooperative radio network is investigated. More specifically, analytical as well as approximate expressions for the secrecy outage probability and probability of non-zero secrecy capacity are derived to evaluate the system performance. Numerical results show that the approximation tightly match the analytical results and simulations, and thus it can be used to provide a fast evaluation of the security and reliability of communications using a considered assignment of relay nodes in a cognitive cooperative radio network (CCRN). Consequently, our results enable to secure the communication, and increasing the reliability, availability, robustness, and maintainability of wireless industrial network, subject to various constraints from the CRN.
29.	Riazi, Sarmad, 1986, et al. (författare) Benders/Gossip Methods for Heterogeneous Multi-Vehicle Routing Problems 2013 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0759 .- 1946-0740. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
30.	Riazi, Sarmad, 1986, et al. (författare) Decomposition and distributed algorithms for home healthcare routing and scheduling problem 2017 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0759 .- 1946-0740. ; , s. 1-7 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Many people in need of care still live in their homes, requiring the caretakers to travel to them. Assigning the people to caretakers and generating their schedules can be formulated as a mixed integer linear programming problem (MILP) that inherits many features of the well-known vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW). Currently, the most successful exact algorithms for VRPTW are based on branch and price framework, which combine column generation (CG) and branching. While these methods could be successful for Home Healthcare Routing and Scheduling Problem (HHCRSP) as well, fast approximate algorithms are appealing, especially for large problems. We recently employed a heuristic distributed gossip algorithm to solve HHCRSP. The method had the potential to provide approximate solutions for relatively large problem instances, but its effectiveness was limited to the performance of its local MILP solver. In this paper, we integrate the gossip algorithm with a local solver based on CG, which makes it an effective algorithm for larger problem instances. We also provide numerical experiments and complexity evaluations of the improved gossip algorithm (gossip-CG) with the standard gossip (gossip-MILP) and CG, and show that gossip-CG outperforms the pure CG in case of large problems.
31.	Rohmer, E., et al. (författare) Laser based driving assistance for smart robotic wheelchairs 2015 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0759 .- 1946-0740. - 9781467379298 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper is presenting the ongoing work toward a novel driving assistance system of a robotic wheelchair, for people paralyzed from down the neck. The user's head posture is tracked, to accordingly project a colored spot on the ground ahead, with a pan-tilt mounted laser. The laser dot on the ground represents a potential close range destination the operator wants to reach autonomously. The wheelchair is equipped with a low cost depth-camera (Kinect sensor) that models a traversability map in order to define if the designated destination is reachable or not by the chair. If reachable, the red laser dot turns green, and the operator can validate the wheelchair destination via an Electromyogram (EMG) device, detecting a specific group of muscle's contraction. This validating action triggers the calculation of a path toward the laser pointed target, based on the traversability map. The wheelchair is then controlled to follow this path autonomously. In the future, the stream of 3D point cloud acquired during the process will be used to map and self localize the wheelchair in the environment, to be able to correct the estimate of the pose derived from the wheel's encoders.
32.	Shoaei, Mohammad Reza, 1983, et al. (författare) Reduced-order synthesis of operation sequences 2011 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0759 .- 1946-0740. - 9781457700170 ; , s. 8- Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In flexible manufacturing systems a large number of operations need to be coordinated and supervised to avoid blocking and deadlock situations. The synthesis of such supervisors soon becomes unmanageable for industrial manufacturing systems, due to state space explosion. In this paper we therefore develop some reduction principles for a recently presented model based on self-contained operations and sequences of operations. First sequential operation behaviors are identified and related operation models are simplified into one model. Then local transitions without interaction with other operation models are removed. This reduction principle is applied to a synthesis of non-blocking operation sequences, where collisions among moving devices are guaranteed to be avoided by a flexible booking process. The number of states in the synthesis procedure and the computation time is reduced dramatically by the suggested reduction principle.
33.	Sundström, Nina, 1980, et al. (författare) Event- and time-based design of operation sequences with uncertainties in execution times 2013 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0759 .- 1946-0740. - 9781479908646 ; 18 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In this paper, we introduce a complete framework for integrating the design of the manufacturing process and control system. We show how operation sequences can be designed in a modeling tool, Sequence Planner (SP), and how relations between operations may be expressed using logical conditions. An approach to convert the SP model into a constraint programming model for optimization is presented. The time-based solution is transformed to an event-based description. Due to uncertainties in execution times, some logical restrictions based on the optimal schedule are relaxed to avoid unnecessary delays. The control logics to achieve the desired operation sequences are added to the SP model. Hence, the process designer can revise the sequences if necessary, and the control designer retrieves a logical description of the optimized process that can be automatically converted to control code.
34.	Sundström, Nina, 1980, et al. (författare) From time-optimal schedule to robust event-based control 2015 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0759 .- 1946-0740. - 9781467379298 ; 2015-October Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In this work in progress paper, we formulate performance robust event-based control strategies with respect to uncertainties in operation processing times. The proposed policies are based on a time-optimal schedule of operation sequences. A logical operation model is used to specify relations between operations. The control policies generate conditions ensuring to maintain the execution order given in the schedule. One of the strategies is less restrictive in order to avoid unnecessary delays due to uncertainties in execution times. In this case, the generated conditions are evaluated and, if possible, relaxed for operations without a logical connection. For non-nominal execution times, the makespan of the less restrictive control policy is proven to always be better or equal to the makespan of the more restrictive control strategy.
35.	Svedlund, Ludvig, 1993, et al. (författare) Co-simulation of Rigid Interactions Using Differential Algebraic Equations 2021 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0759 .- 1946-0740. ; 2021-September Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In order for virtual commissioning to be applied in an industrial setting, it is required that the models used are predefined and standardized. These models also need to be able to protect intellectual property, so that systems containing such information also can be modeled and used. This paper presents and evaluates an alternative method for co-simulation, based on a differential algebraic equation (DAE) formulation. The method specifies how models should be created and used, such that sharing model information between interacting components can be avoided. The focus is specifically on co-simulation of rigidly interacting models, such as robots interacting with other mechanical components.
36.	Svedlund, Ludvig, 1993, et al. (författare) Instability Problems in Co-Simulation of Modular Systems 2020 Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0759 .- 1946-0740. ; 2020-September, s. 410-415 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract To conduct virtual preparation and commissioning in an industrial setting, it is necessary to compose the simulation models using predefined models. However, there is a challenge to simulate such models, since often the structure and parameters of the models are hidden, due to protection of the intellectual property. This paper examines the possibilities and challenges of using co-simulations when such models are composed, and they do not share their internal parameters. These hidden parameters can affect the stability when simulating models connected through a weak coupling. This paper also proposes possible implementation methods for virtual commissioning, which circumvents these challenges with co-simulations.
37.	Mashaei, Maziar, 1973, et al. (författare) Optimal number of pallets for reconfigurable cyclic manufacturing plants 2009 Ingår i: 2009 IEEE 14th International Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation, ETFA 2009, Mallorca, Spain. - 1946-0759. - 9781424427284 ; , s. 1-8 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In a cyclic manufacturing system, the number of pallets in a handling and locating pallet system (HLPS) can have a huge effect on the production cycle time. The complexity of calculating the optimal number of pallets that satisfies the minimal cycle time poses a challenging design problem. In this paper the optimal solution is presented for deterministic cyclic manufacturing systems having determined schedule of tasks for multi-product applications. Furthermore, a specific domain which includes the optimal number of pallets is obtained for any arbitrary schedule of various product types in an HLPS. To verify the optimal solution, a reconfigurable Colored Petri Net (CPN) model is developed for a simple X85 pallet system. For various cases of machine processing times, the optimal number of pallets is obtained for the suggested framework.

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