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- Bogefors, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Upregulated levels of human β-defensins in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis after allergen-specific immunotherapy treatment.
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology. - : Wiley. - 2042-6984 .- 2042-6976. ; 3:2, s. 99-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important actors in the innate immune system. One class of AMPs is the human β-defensins (HBDs), a group of small peptides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. Expression of HBDs is downregulated in different manifestations of allergic disease. In this study, we examine whether allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) affects the nasal levels of HBDs in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). METHODS: Nasal biopsies were examined for the occurrence of HBD1-3 with real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Nasal lavage (NAL) fluids from healthy individuals, untreated SAR patients and SAR patients before and after ASIT were analyzed for levels of HBD1-3 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Examination of nasal biopsies revealed HBD1-3 expression at gene level as well as at protein level in all samples tested. HBD1 and HBD3 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were downregulated in SAR patients compared to healthy individuals. All HBDs were found in NAL fluids. SAR patients having completed 3 years of ASIT displayed higher levels of HBD1 and HBD2 than before treatment, whereas levels of HBD3 were unaffected. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates an upregulation of HBD1 and HBD2 in SAR patients after completion of ASIT. This may reflect the importance of an intact innate immune response as part of our defense against infections among allergic individuals.
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- De Loof, MA, et al.
(författare)
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Lovely image of a Tornwaldt's cyst
- 2016
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Ingår i: International forum of allergy & rhinology. - : Wiley. - 2042-6984 .- 2042-6976. ; 6:2, s. 219-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Mårtensson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a honeybee lactic acid bacterial microbiome on human nasal symptoms, commensals, and biomarkers
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology. - : Wiley. - 2042-6984 .- 2042-6976. ; 6:9, s. 956-963
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can restore commensal microbiomes and prevent infections. Arguably, nasal administrations of LAB may therefore be beneficial in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Previous studies have examined effects of topical/nasal LAB in children with secretory otitis media, but little is as yet known about their effects on the human nasal airway. The aim of this pilot study was to examine effects on nasal symptoms and commensal bacteria in healthy subjects of nasal administration of a honeybee LAB microbiome; ie, a mixture of 9 Lactobacillus spp. and 4 Bifidobacterium spp. obtained from the honeybee Apis mellifera. Furthermore, we aimed to assess whether or not the honeybee LAB produced a local inflammatory response.METHODS: Twenty-two healthy subjects received a single administration of honeybee LAB in a sham-controlled, double-blinded, and crossover design. Using questionnaires, microbiological methods, and nasal lavages, they were assessed regarding symptoms, changes to commensal bacteria, and inflammatory products in nasal lavage fluids.RESULTS: The honeybee LAB did not produce any symptoms or other untoward effects. No changes were observed of commensal bacteria by the honeybee LAB, and no inflammatory response was detected (compared to sham); ie, unaffected nasal lavage fluid levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-8 (IL-8), monokine induced by interferon-γ (MIG), interleukin-15 (IL-15), epidermal growth factor (EGF), eotaxin, interferon gamma-induced protein-10 (IP-10), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA).CONCLUSION: A single human nasal administration of a honeybee LAB microbiome is well tolerated. Specifically, it does not affect commensal bacteria and does not produce an inflammatory response.
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- Mårtensson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Upper airway microbiome transplantation for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology. - : Wiley. - 2042-6976 .- 2042-6984. ; 13:6, s. 979-988
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Chronic or recurrent rhinosinusitis without polyps (CRSsNP) is characterized by a persistent inflammation of the sinonasal mucosa. The underlying cause is unclear but increasing interest has been directed toward changes in the sinonasal microbiome as a potential driver. Methods: Twenty-two patients diagnosed with CRSsNP were treated with antibiotics for 13 days, followed by 5 consecutive days of nasal microbiome transplants from healthy donors. Outcome measures were 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) questionnaire, total nasal symptom score (TNSS), endoscopic grading, 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) next generation sequencing (microbiome analysis), and nasal lavage fluid analysis of inflammatory cytokines. Patients were examined at the start of the study and after antibiotic treatment as well as 10 days and 3 months after the transplant series. Results: At the end of the study, patients reported significantly reduced SNOT-22 scores and microbiome analysis showed significantly increased abundance and diversity. No significant change was observed for TNSS or endoscopic scoring. Conclusion: Nasal microbiome transplants obtained from healthy individuals and administered as nasal lavages to patients with CRSsNP are feasible. The patients reported significant and lasting reduction of symptoms and these findings were associated with a lasting increase in abundance and diversity of the local bacterial flora. The observations, which need to be confirmed by randomized controlled trials, may constitute a new treatment avenue for these difficult to treat patients where antibiotics only provide short lasting symptom control.
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- Sowerby, Leigh J., et al.
(författare)
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International registry of otolaryngologist–head and neck surgeons with COVID-19
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology. - : Wiley. - 2042-6976 .- 2042-6984. ; 10:11, s. 1201-1208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It has become clear that healthcare workers are at high risk, and otolaryngology has been theorized to be among the highest risk specialties for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this study was to detail the international impact of COVID-19 among otolaryngologists, and to identify instructional cases. Methods: Country representatives of the Young Otolaryngologists–International Federation of Otolaryngologic Societies (YO-IFOS) surveyed otolaryngologists through various channels. Nationwide surveys were distributed in 19 countries. The gray literature and social media channels were searched to identify reported deaths of otolaryngologists from COVID-19. Results: A total of 361 otolaryngologists were identified to have had COVID-19, and data for 325 surgeons was available for analysis. The age range was 25 to 84 years, with one-half under the age of 44 years. There were 24 deaths in the study period, with 83% over age 55 years. Source of infection was likely clinical activity in 175 (54%) cases. Prolonged exposure to a colleague was the source for 37 (11%) surgeons. Six instructional cases were identified where infections occurred during the performance of aerosol-generating operations (tracheostomy, mastoidectomy, epistaxis control, dacryocystorhinostomy, and translabyrinthine resection). In 3 of these cases, multiple operating room attendees were infected, and in 2, the surgeon succumbed to complications of COVID-19. Conclusion: The etiology of reported cases within the otolaryngology community appear to stem equally from clinical activity and community spread. Multiple procedures performed by otolaryngologists are aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and great care should be taken to protect the surgical team before, during, and after these operations.
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- Nordström, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Distinct eicosanoid patterns in severe recalcitrant nasal polyposis
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology. - 2042-6984. ; 13:11, s. 2043-2054
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although altered eicosanoid levels are related to disease severity in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), identifying patients prone to recurrent NPs is still difficult. We investigated levels of nasally secreted eicosanoids before and after NP surgery in patients with or without NP recurrence and explored potential endotypes based on pre-surgical eicosanoid levels.METHODS: Levels of leukotriene (LT) E4 , LTB4 , prostaglandin (PG) D2 , PGE2 and 15(S) hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15(S)-HETE) were measured in nasal secretions with specific immunoassays at pre-surgery (n = 38) and six- and 12-months post-surgery (n = 35) where NP recurrence was identified endoscopically. Pre- and post-surgical levels were compared between patients with and without NP recurrence. Eicosanoid patterns among patients were explored with cluster analysis and evaluated with clinical parameters.RESULTS: Patients with recurrent NPs had pronounced pre-surgical levels of nasal 15(S)-HETE, PGD2 and LTE4 . From pre-surgery to 12-months after, NP recurrence was associated with significant decrease of 15(S)-HETE and PGD2 relative to non-recurrence whereas levels of LTE4 decreased at six-months but increased again at 12-months. Clustering revealed three potential endotypes. Cluster 1 and 3 featured high and low eicosanoid levels, respectively. Cluster 2 had higher levels of LTE4 and PGD2 , lower levels of PGE2 and LTB4 , and more cases of recurrent NPs and previous NP surgeries.CONCLUSION: Elevated nasal LTE4 , 12-month post-surgery, in NP recurrent subjects suggests that postoperative LTE4 measurements may indicate rapid NP regrowth. A distinct nasal eicosanoid profile may be used for the identification of the most severe recalcitrant patients in need of targeted immunomodulatory therapies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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