| 1. |
- Flodmark, Carl-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Laser beam measurement of abdominal sagittal diameter in obese children: a validation study.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pediatric obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6310 .- 2047-6302. ; 8:2, s. 112-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What is already known about this subject Sagittal diameter (SAD), i.e. the mid height of the abdomen when lying down, has been reported to correlate to visceral fat, insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors in adults. SAD seems to be the best anthropometric predictor of cardiovascular risk, and also of more importance than waist circumference (WC) in adults. There has been no validation studies comparing SAD measured with anthropometric tools (e.g. ruler) to measurements made with more exact devices such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pediatric age. What this study adds This new reliable method is ideal for children due to limited body contact and no radiation. It is accurate, less expensive than MRI, and also easier to perform than measuring WC. It is easily available for screening purposes making future epidemiological studies possible evaluating health risks related to regional distribution of abdominal tissue. OBJECTIVES: Sagittal diameter (SAD) has been reported to correlate to visceral fat and cardiovascular risk factors. SAD is measured with the individual lying down, halfway between the lower rib margin and the iliac crest; it represents the mid-height of the abdomen. The aim of this study was to validate SAD measured using a recently-developed laser beam device (SAD(LDB) ) against SAD measured using MRI (SAD(MRI) ). METHODS: Of 48 obese children (25 boys, 23 girls) aged 9-11 years on the waiting list for obesity treatment, 34 agreed to a baseline measurement, which was followed by repeated measurements 6 and 12 months later in 31 and 22 children respectively. MRI was used to examine SAD(MRI) at 5 cm above (SAD(MRI) (,cra) ) and below (SAD(MRI) (,cau) ) the mid plane of the L4-5 intervertebral disc. RESULTS: Each of the differences SAD(LBD) - SAD(MRI) (,cau) and SAD(LBD) - SAD(MRI) (,cra) was subjected to a repeated-measurements ANOVA; the visit did not have a statistically significant effect in either case (p = 0.19 and p = 0.72, respectively). The difference SAD(LBD) - SAD(MRI) (,cau) was 1.50 on average (p < 0.0001; CI 1.26-1.74) while the corresponding figure for SAD(LBD) - SAD(MRI) (,cra) was 1.26 (p < 0.0001; CI 1.04-1.49). Regression of the difference on the mean gave slopes of -0.09 (p = 0.25) and -0.04 (p = 0.57) respectively. Prediction of SAD(MRI) from SAD(LDB) can be performed in different ways: by means of linear regression or by means of an additive correction. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, this laser device can be used instead of MRI to estimate SAD by using a simple correction.
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| 2. |
- Bammann, K., et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic factors and childhood overweight in Europe : results from the multi-centre IDEFICS study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 8:1, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What is already known about this subject Overweight and obesity can be linked to different parental socioeconomic factors already in very young children. In Western developed countries, the association of childhood overweight and obesity and parental socioeconomic status shows a negative gradient. Ambiguous results have been obtained regarding the association between socioeconomic factors and childhood overweight and obesity in different countries and over time. What this study adds European regions show heterogeneous associations between socioeconomic factors and overweight and obesity in a multi-centre study with highly standardized study protoco. The strength of association between SES and overweight and obesity varies across European regions. In our study, the SES gradient is correlated with the regional mean income and the country-specific Human development index indicating a strong influence not only of the family but also of region and country on the overweight and obesity prevalence. Objective To assess the association between different macro- and micro-level socioeconomic factors and childhood overweight. Methods Data from the IDEFICS baseline survey is used to investigate the cross-sectional association between socioeconomic factors, like socioeconomic status (SES), and the prevalence of childhood overweight. Differences and similarities regarding this relationship in eight European regions (located in Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Spain and Sweden) are explored. 11?994 children (50.9% boys, 49.1% girls) and their parents were included in the analyses. Results In five of the eight investigated regions (in Belgium, Estonia, Germany, Spain and Sweden), the prevalence of childhood overweight followed an inverse SES gradient. In the other three regions (in Cyprus, Hungary and Italy), no association between SES and childhood overweight was found. The SES-overweight association in a region was best explained by the country-specific human development index and the centre-specific mean income. For the investigated association between other socioeconomic factors and overweight, no clear pattern could be found in the different regions. Conclusion The association between socioeconomic factors and childhood overweight was shown to be heterogeneous across different European regions. Further research on nationwide European data is needed to confirm the results and to identify target groups for prevention.
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| 3. |
- Bel-Serrat, S, et al.
(författare)
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Food consumption and cardiovascular risk factors in European children: the IDEFICS study.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pediatric obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6310 .- 2047-6302. ; 8:3, s. 225-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What is already known about this subject Few studies addressing the relationship between food consumption and cardiovascular disease or metabolic risk have been conducted in children. Previous findings have indicated greater metabolic risk in children with high intakes of solid hydrogenated fat and white bread, and low consumption of fruits, vegetables and dairy products. What this study adds In a large multinational sample of 2 to 9years old children, high consumption of sweetened beverages and low intake of nuts and seeds, sweets, breakfast cereals, jam and honey and chocolate and nut-based spreads were directly associated with increased clustered cardiovascular disease risk. These findings add new evidence to the limited literature available in young populations on the role that diet may play on cardiovascular health. OBJECTIVE: To investigate food consumption in relation to clustered cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. METHODS: Children (n=5548, 51.6% boys) from eight European countries participated in the IDEFICS study baseline survey (2007-2008). Z-scores of individual CVD risk factors were summed to compute sex- and age-specific (2-<6years/6-9years) clustered CVD risk scores A (all components, except cardiorespiratory fitness) and B (all components). The association of clustered CVD risk and tertiles of food group consumption was examined. RESULTS: Odds ratio (OR) of having clustered CVD risk A increased in older children with higher consumption of chocolate and nut-based spreads (boys: OR=0.46; 95% CI=0.32-0.69; girls: OR=0.60; 95% CI=0.42-0.86), jam and honey (girls: OR=0.45; 95% CI=0.26-0.78) and sweets (boys: OR=0.69; 95% CI=0.48-0.98). OR of being at risk significantly increased with the highest consumption of soft drinks (younger boys) and manufactured juices (older girls). Concerning CVD risk score B, older boys and girls in the highest tertile of consumption of breakfast cereals were 0.41 (95% CI=0.21-0.79) and 0.45 (95% CI=0.22-0.93) times, respectively, less likely to be at risk than those in tertile 1. CONCLUSIONS: High consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and low intake of breakfast cereals, jam and honey, sweets and chocolate and nut-based spreads seem to adversely affect clustered CVD risk.
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| 4. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Lundgren, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Is obesity a risk factor for impaired cognition in young adults with low birth weight?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 9:5, s. 319-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT: Obesity is associated with metabolic disease and impaired cognitive function in adults. Low birth weight is known to be associated with adult metabolic disease and low intellectual performance.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: Adolescent overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of low intellectual performance. Overweight/obese adolescents, born with a low weight, have a further increased risk of low intellectual performance. A high birth weight increases the risk of adolescent obesity. Overweight/obese adolescents, born with a high weight, do not have a further increased risk of low intellectual performance.BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. There is also an association between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive ability. Since low birth weight is associated with adult metabolic disease, particularly in obese subjects, the question emerges whether obesity has an additional negative effect on cognitive function in subjects with low birth weight.OBJECTIVES: The aim was to analyse whether overweight or obesity influence intellectual performance in young adults with particular focus on those with a low birth weight.METHODS: Data were collected from the Swedish Medical Birth Register on 620 834 males born between 1973 and 1988 and matched to results on intellectual performance and BMI at conscription.RESULTS: The risk for low intellectual performance was higher for those with high BMI compared to those with normal. The highest risk was found among subjects with low birth weight and overweight or obesity in young adulthood (odds ratios, 1.98 [1.73-2.22] and 2.59 [2.00-3.34], respectively). However, subjects with further high birth weight and a high BMI at conscription had no further increased risk.CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obesity are associated with an increased risk of subnormal intellectual performance in young adult males. Subjects with low birth weight and adolescent overweight/obesity are at particular risk of subnormal performance. A high birth weight increases the risk for obesity, but a high adult BMI does not further increase the risk for subnormal performance.
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| 10. |
- Mårild, Staffan, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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A controlled study of lifestyle treatment in primary care for children with obesity.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pediatric obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6310 .- 2047-6302. ; 8:3, s. 207-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What is already known about this subject Lifestyle intervention is the most common treatment strategy for children with obesity. Specialized units for the care of children with obesity report significant effects of lifestyle treatment. In children, the physical activity component in lifestyle treatment is often well accepted. What this study adds Two lifestyle treatment programmes in primary care for children with obesity both gave a reduction of body mass index significantly greater than the change observed in a non-intervention comparison group of children with obesity. Substituting one-third of nurse-led treatment sessions with sessions led by physiotherapists in one of the programmes did not improve the outcome. The efficacy of treatment in primary care seems to be comparable to that reported in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of lifestyle treatment in primary care for children with obesity. METHODS: In a multicentre study, sixty-four 9- to 13-year-old children with obesity were randomized to one of two 12-month lifestyle treatment programmes. The only difference between the programmes was that a physiotherapist substituted the nurse in one-third of the sessions in an attempt to stimulate physical activity. For comparison, children with normal weight and overweight, and an age-, sex- and body mass index-matched non-intervention group of children with obesity were used. RESULTS: Anthropometry and laboratory data differed significantly between children with obesity and normal weight at baseline. The follow-up at the end of treatment was attended by 55 children with obesity, 28 and 27 in each treatment arm. The mean (standard deviation) body mass standard deviation score changed by -0.36 (0.3) in the arm involving a physiotherapist and by -0.33 (0.2) in the other arm. These outcomes were not significantly different. Both reductions were significantly greater than the change of -0.14 (0.3) observed in the non-intervention comparison group of children with obesity CONCLUSION: The efficacy of treatment in primary care for children with obesity seems to be comparable to that reported in the literature. ISRCTN44919688.
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| 11. |
- Priego, T., et al.
(författare)
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Influence of breastfeeding on blood-cell transcript-based biomarkers of health in children
- 2014
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6310 .- 2047-6302. ; 9:6, s. 463-470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What is already known about this subject The expression of specific genes in peripheral blood cells (PBCs) may be used as biomarkers of the metabolic status. High levels of expression of CPT1A, SLC27A2, INSR, LEPR, FASN and PPAR in PBCs are indicative of a lower risk for the insulin resistant or dyslipidaemic state associated with obesity in children. Breastfeeding seems to confer protective effects against obesity and its related metabolic problems. What this study adds Children who had been breastfed showed higher expression levels of SLC27A2, FASN, PPAR and INSR in PBCs compared with formula-fed subjects. The relationship of the PBC transcript levels of SLC27A2, INSR, FASN and PPAR with insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia may be dependent on the type of infant feeding (breast vs. formula). The transcript levels of the mentioned biomarkers could be useful to distinguish the formula-fed children who are at higher risk of metabolic alterations. BackgroundBlood-cell transcripts have showed to be good biomarkers of metabolic alterations and their use in early detection and prevention of future disorders is promising. ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the relation between previously proposed transcriptional biomarkers of metabolic health (SLC27A2, CPT1A, FASN, PPAR, INSR, LEPR) in peripheral blood cells and the type of infant feeding in a subset of children from the IDEFICS (Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants) cohort. SubjectsA total of 237 children aged 2-9 years from eight European countries were studied. ResultsBreastfed children showed higher expression levels of SLC27A2, FASN, PPAR and INSR, and lower risk of being overweight and of having high plasma triglyceride levels vs. formula-fed children. Besides, overweight formula-fed children presented higher HOMA-index than overweight breastfed children (1.90 vs. 1.62); however, this negative effect was absent in formula-fed children with high expression of SLC27A2. Moreover, formula-fed children with low expression of SLC27A2, FASN, PPAR and INSR presented higher triglyceride levels than subjects with high expression of these genes (77.7mgdL(-1) vs. 44.8mgdL(-1)). This difference was absent in breastfed children. ConclusionsProtective effects of breastfeeding are reflected in higher expression levels of SLC27A2, FASN, PPAR and INSR in blood cells. These biomarkers may also serve to discriminate the formula-fed children that are at higher risk of metabolic alterations.
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| 12. |
- Regber, Susann, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Parental perceptions of and concerns about child's body weight in eight European countries – the IDEFICS study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 8:2, s. 118-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To evaluate parental perceptions of and concern about child's body weight and general health in children in a European cohort.DESIGN: Cross-sectional multi-centre study in eight European countries.PARTICIPANTS: 16,220 children, ages 2-9 years.METHODS: Parents completed a questionnaire regarding children's health and weight and concern about overweight and underweight. Objective children's weight categories from the International Obesity Task Force were used. Logistic regression models were utilized to identify predictors of accurate weight perception.RESULTS: Parental weight perception corresponded overall to children's mean body mass index (BMI) z-scores, with important exceptions. About one-third of the total indicated concern about underweight, paradoxically most often parents of children in the overweight or obesity categories. In 63%, parents of children in the overweight category marked 'proper weight'. The strongest predictor for accurate parental weight perception for children with overweight and obesity was BMI z-score (odds ratio [OR] = 7.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.1-8.7). Compared to Southern Europe, ORs for accurate parental weight perception were 4.4 (95% CI 3.3-6.0) in Northern Europe and 3.4 (95% CI 2.7-4.2) in Central Europe.CONCLUSION: Parents of children categorized as being overweight or obese systematically underestimated weight. Parents differed regionally regarding accurate weight perception and concern about overweight and underweight.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Vasan, S K, et al.
(författare)
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A common variant in the FTO locus is associated with waist-hip ratio in Indian adolescents
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pediatric obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6310 .- 2047-6302. ; 8:3, s. e45-e49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Common variants in the FTO locus, and near MC4R locus, have been shown to have a robust association with obesity in children and adults among various ethnic groups. Associations with obesity traits among Indian adolescents have not been determined.OBJECTIVE: To study the association of rs9939609 (FTO) and rs17782313 (MC4R) to obesity related anthropometric traits in Indian adolescents.METHODS: Subjects for the current study were recruited from a cross-sectional cohort of 1,230 adolescents (age mean ± SD: 17.1 ± 1.9 years) from South India.RESULTS: The variant at the FTO locus was found to be associated with waist-hip ratio (WHR) but not with overall obesity in this population. No significant association was observed for obesity-traits and Mc4R variant rs17782313.CONCLUSION: The common variant of FTO (rs9939609) is associated with body fat distribution during early growth in Indian adolescents and may predispose to obesity and metabolic consequences in adulthood.
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| 15. |
- Wijnhoven, T. M. A., et al.
(författare)
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WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative 2008: weight, height and body mass index in 6-9-year-old children
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6310 .- 2047-6302. ; 8:2, s. 79-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Nutritional surveillance in school-age children, using measured weight and height, is not common in the European Region of the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO Regional Office for Europe has therefore initiated the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative. Objective To present the anthropometric results of data collected in 2007/2008 and to investigate whether there exist differences across countries and between the sexes. Methods Weight and height were measured in 69-year-old children in 12 countries. Prevalence of overweight, obesity, stunting, thinness and underweight as well as mean Z-scores of anthropometric indices of height, weight and body mass index were calculated. Results A total of 168832 children were included in the analyses and a school participation rate of more than 95% was obtained in 8 out of 12 countries. Stunting, underweight and thinness were rarely prevalent. However, 19.349.0% of boys and 18.442.5% of girls were overweight (including obesity and based on the 2007 WHO growth reference).The prevalence of obesity ranged from 6.0 to 26.6% among boys and from 4.6 to 17.3% among girls. Multi-country comparisons suggest the presence of a northsouth gradient with the highest level of overweight found in southern European countries. Conclusions Overweight among 69-year-old children is a serious public health concern and its variation across the European Region highly depends on the country. Comparable monitoring of child growth is possible across Europe and should be emphasized in national policies and implemented as part of action plans.
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| 16. |
- Aydin, Banu K., et al.
(författare)
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High levels of FSH before puberty are associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome during pubertal transition
- 2022
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 17:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background During perimenopause, the rise in serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is associated with increased adiposity, insulin resistance (IR), and metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, data for the pubertal period, which is characterized by increasing FSH levels and changing body composition, are limited. Objectives To investigate the relationships between FSH and anthropometric changes, IR markers, and development of MetS in the peripubertal period. Methods Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Childhood Obesity (ULSCO) is an ongoing study that aims to understand the factors contributing to childhood obesity and the development of obesity-related diseases. We analysed the subset of participants who were prepubertal at the first visit (n = 95, 77 with obesity). Mean follow-up time was 3.0 +/- 1.4 years. Results Higher serum FSH levels at the first visit were associated with an increased likelihood of elevation in body mass index (BMI SDS) (p = 0.025, OR = 16.10) and having MetS (p = 0.044, OR = 4.67) at the follow-up. We observed nonlinear relationships between varying serum FSH levels and markers of adiposity and IR, especially in girls. At the first visit, when girls were prepubertal, FSH was negatively associated with BMI (beta = -0.491, p = 0.005) and positively associated with sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (beta = 0.625, p = 0.002). With the progression of puberty, negative associations between BMI and SHBG disappeared while FSH became positively associated with HOMA-IR (beta = 0.678, p = 0.025) and fasting insulin (beta = 0.668, p = 0.027). Conclusions Higher serum FSH levels in prepubertal children were associated with an increased risk of MetS development during pubertal transition. Along with nonlinear associations between varying serum FSH levels and IR markers, our results might imply a relationship between FSH and IR of puberty.
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| 17. |
- Beamish, Andrew J., et al.
(författare)
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Body composition and bone health in adolescents after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for severe obesity
- 2017
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6310 .- 2047-6302. ; 12:3, s. 239-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) causes changes in body composition and bone metabolism, yet little is known about effects in adolescents. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to report dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measures and serum bone markers, hypothesizing that bone turnover increases after surgery. METHODS: Inclusion criteria included the following: age 13-18 years and body mass index (BMI) >35 kg/m2 . Seventy-two adolescents (22 boys; mean age 16.5 years; BMI 44.8 kg/m2 ) undergoing RYGB underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and serum bone marker analyses preoperatively and annually for 2 years. RESULTS: Mean BMI reduction at 2 years was 15.1 kg/m2 . Body composition changes included a reduction in fat mass (51.8% to 39.6%, p < 0.001) and relative increase in lean mass (47.0% to 58.1%, p < 0.001). In contrast to previous studies in adults, adolescent boys lost a greater percentage of their body fat than girls (-17.3% vs. -9.5%, p < 0.001). Individual bone mineral density Z-scores (BMD-Z) at baseline were within or above the normal range. The mean (SD) BMD-Z was 2.02 (1.2) at baseline, decreasing to 0.52 (1.19) at 2 years. Higher concentrations of serum CTX (p < 0.001) and osteocalcin (p < 0.001) were observed in boys throughout the study period. Levels rose in the first year, before decreasing modestly in the second. Levels of serum markers of bone synthesis and resorption were higher in boys, whose skeletal maturity occurs later than girls'. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in body fat and lean mass proportions were observed according to sex following RYGB. Bone turnover increased, and BMD decreased to levels approaching a norm for age. Long-term outcome will determine the clinical relevance.
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| 18. |
- Berglind, D, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-sectional and prospective associations of meeting 24-h movement guidelines with overweight and obesity in preschool children.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 13:7, s. 442-449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional studies report that meeting the newly developed 24-h movement guidelines (≥60 min moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), ≤120 min screen time and 9-11 h sleep duration) are associated with lower adiposity indicators in children. However, prospective data are absent.METHODS: The study sample consisted of 830 children from the PRIMROSE study with GT3X+ accelerometer measured physical activity and parent reported screen time and sleep duration at age 4 years and objectively measured anthropometrics at age 4 and 5 years. The main outcome variables were weight status, body mass index (BMI) and BMI z-score at ages 4 and 5 years. Exposure variables were defined as meeting vs. not meeting the 24-h movement guidelines and combinations of these recommendations.RESULTS: On average, 18.4% of the total study sample met the combination of MVPA, sleep duration and screen time recommendations. In isolation, the MVPA, screen time and sleep guidelines were met by 31%, 63% and 98% of the total study sample, respectively. Adherence to any single recommendation, or any combination of recommendations at age 4 years, was not associated with being overweight or obese nor with BMI and BMI z-score at age 4 or 5 years.CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to previous cross-sectional studies, neither individual movement behaviours nor combinations of behaviours at age 4 years was associated with overweight or obesity, BMI or BMI z-score at age 4 or 5 years. More prospective data are needed before effects on weight status from meeting the 24-h movement guidelines are elucidated.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Danial, Ban, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood sleep and obesity risk : A prospective cohort study of 10 000 Swedish children
- 2023
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 18:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To identify factors affecting early childhood sleep, and investigate the relationship between sleep and overweight/obesity in childhood. Study Design Data were collected using parental-completed questionnaires from N = 10.840 one-year-old children in the prospective ABIS-study (All Babies in Southeast Sweden), followed up until 8 years of age. Chi-squared test and Pearson Correlation were used to assess the relationship between covariates affecting the childrens sleep. Subsequently, longitudinal mixed model analyses were used to predict the effect of different sleep dimensions (bedtime, sleep duration, sleep quality, and the number of awakenings) on BMI Z-scores. Results Children to parents born in Sweden, parents with higher education, non-single parents, non-smoking mothers during pregnancy, and children with fewer siblings, were more likely to have appropriate sleep habits at 1 year age. A greater number of awakenings and nocturnal feeds, and particularly later bedtime (beta = -0.544, p < 0.0001) were linked to shorter sleep duration. Sleep duration early in life was negatively associated with BMI Z-scores (adjusted effect estimate [95% CI]: beta = -0.09, [(-0.15) - (-0.03)], p = 0.005) later. In addition, higher birth weight, small size for gestational age, unhealthy food habits, children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy, and higher parental BMI resulted in higher BMI Z-scores. Conclusion The childs BMI Z-score increases by 0.09 units with every hour shorter sleep duration, indicating that short sleep duration might increase the risk of overweight and obesity in children. Parental educational interventions advising appropriate sleeping patterns should be considered when implementing strategies to combat the development of childhood obesity.
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| 22. |
- Eiffener, Elodie, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of preschoolers' emotional and behavioural problems on obesity treatment outcomes : Secondary findings from a randomized controlled trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 14:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Few studies have explored the influence of preschoolers' behavioural problems on obesity treatment.Objectives: To assess emotional and behavioural problems before and after an obesity intervention and examine relationships between changes in child behaviour and changes in weight status.Method: The study included 77 children (4‐6 years old, 53% girls, mean body mass index [BMI] z‐score of 3.0 [SD 0.6]) who participated in the More and Less Study, a randomized controlled trial. Families were randomized to a parenting program or to standard treatment. The children's heights and weights (BMI z‐score, primary outcome) were measured at baseline and 12 months post baseline. Parents rated their children's behaviours (secondary outcome) on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for ages 1.5 to 5 years, a questionnaire that measures psychosocial health and functioning, encompassing emotional and behavioural problems. Changes in child behaviour during treatment were examined through paired samples t tests; the influence of child behaviour on treatment effects was examined through linear regressions.Results: Child emotional and behavioural problems significantly improved after obesity treatment. Lower scores were found for Emotional Reactivity, Sleep Problems, Affective Problems, Aggressive Behaviour, Externalizing Behaviours, Oppositional Defiant Problems, and Total Problems. Child behaviour significantly affected obesity treatment results: Attention Problems and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at baseline contributed to increasing BMI z‐scores, whereas Oppositional Defiant Problems, Externalizing Behaviours, and a higher number of behavioural problems predicted decreasing BMI z‐scores.Conclusions: Child behaviours at baseline influenced treatment results. Child emotional and behavioural problems improved post treatment. The results suggest that obesity treatment may help in reducing emotional distress among preschoolers.
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| 23. |
- Ek, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The role of parental depression during early childhood obesity treatment : Secondary findings from a randomized controlled trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 16:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Parental depression is a risk factor for childhood obesity.OBJECTIVES: To examine the influence of parental depression on child weight status, eating behaviours, and parental feeding practices during childhood obesity treatment.METHODS: Hundred and twenty eight children with obesity aged 4 to 6 years and their parents were randomized to a parent support program or to standard treatment. At baseline and after 12 months, children's heights and weights were measured. Parents reported levels of depression (Beck's Depression Inventory-II), feeding practices (Child Feeding Questionnaire), and children's eating behaviors (Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire). Independent and dependent paired sample t-tests and linear regressions were used to analyze data.RESULTS: After obesity treatment, mothers reported lower levels of depression, whereas fathers did not. No associations were found between parental level of depression and child weight status, or between baseline level of parental depression and feeding practices. Associations were found between baseline parental depression and children's food responsiveness (β = .03; P = .01; 95% CI [0.01, 0.05]), emotional overeating (β = .02; P = .02; 95% CI [0.004, 0.04]), and desire to drink (β = .02; P = .03; 95% CI [0.002, 0.04]) (adjusted for background variables).CONCLUSIONS: Parental depression did not influence child weight status or parental feeding practices but was associated with obesity-related child eating behaviors.
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| 24. |
- Esteban-Cornejo, Irene, et al.
(författare)
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Paediatric obesity and brain functioning : The role of physical activity-A novel and important expert opinion of the European Childhood Obesity Group
- 2020
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : WILEY. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 15:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While most of the time unconsidered, child and adolescent obesity has been also associated with impaired brain health and function that can definitely affect their social interaction and integration, and then well-being and mental health. The European Childhood Obesity Group recently gathered experts in the field who discussed the main available and reliable evidence regarding the role of physical activity on brain health and cognitive functioning in children and adolescents with obesity and who propose here their main conclusions and recommendations.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- González-Gil, E. M., et al.
(författare)
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Impaired metabolic health over-time and high abdominal fat are prospectively associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in children: The IDEFICS study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 16:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Metabolic risk and inflammatory state have an early life onset and are associated with future diseases. Objectives: To assess the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and metabolic health with high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), cross-sectionally and longitudinally, in children. Methods: 2913 European children (2-10 years) from eight countries from the IDEFICS study were investigated. Data were collected at baseline and 2 years later (follow-up). A MetS z-score was computed with waist circumference (WC), insulin resistance index, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Metabolically unhealthy (MU) status was assessed. Multi-level linear and logistic regressions were performed. Results: Among the MetS markers, WC was more consistently associated with hsCRP cross-sectional and prospectively. Baseline MetS score was significantly associated with greater risk of high hsCRP at follow-up and with prevalence and incidence of hsCRP. Those children who became MU overtime were significantly (P <.05) associated with future higher levels of hsCRP, independently of weight status at baseline. Conclusions: Transition over time to a MU state was associated with higher levels of hsCRP at follow-up, independent of weight status at baseline. Screening of metabolic factors and routine measurement of WC are needed to prevent inflammatory status and related chronic diseases in children. © 2021 The Authors. Pediatric Obesity published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Obesity Federation.
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| 28. |
- Hakola, L., et al.
(författare)
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Maternal fatty acid intake during pregnancy and the development of childhood overweight : a birth cohort study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : WILEY. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 12, s. 26-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundMaternal diet during pregnancy may contribute to the risk of offspring adiposity. ObjectivesThe objective of the study is to explore the associations between maternal antenatal dietary fatty acid intake and the risk of offspring overweight and obesity at the ages of 2 to 7years. MethodsIn a prospective Finnish birth cohort with 3807 mother-child pairs, maternal diet in late pregnancy was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Intakes of total fatty acids and individual saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were calculated. Generalized estimating equation models were used to study the associations of maternal dietary variables with repeatedly measured offspring overweight and obesity. ResultsIn girls, maternal intake ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFAs had a U-shaped association with obesity (adjusted OR for the lowest 2.0 [95% CI 1.27-3.20] and the highest 1.7 [1.03-2.73] vs. the two middle quartiles of n-6:n-3 PUFAs, p=0.01). In boys, arachidonic acid (20:4n-6): docosahexaenoic acid+eicosapentaenoic acid ratio was associated with obesity (adjusted OR for the lowest 1.0 [0.60-1.57] and the highest 0.5 [0.26-0.88] vs. the two middle quartiles, p=0.02). Saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids were not associated with overweight or obesity in either sex. ConclusionsMaternal intakes of PUFAs in late pregnancy were associated with risk of later obesity differently in girls and boys.
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| 29. |
- Henriksson, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Gestational weight gain according to Institute of Medicine recommendations in relation to infant size and body composition
- 2015
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - Hoboken, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 10:5, s. 388-394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Intrauterine life may be a critical period for programming childhood obesity; however, there is insufficient knowledge concerning how gestational weight gain (GWG) affects infant fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM).Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between GWG according to Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations and infant size, FM and FFM. We also investigated if the associations were different for normal-weight and overweight/obese women.Methods: This study included 312 healthy Swedish mother-infant pairs. Infant body composition at 1 week of age was assessed using air-displacement plethysmography. Maternal GWG was defined as below, within or above the 2009 IOM recommendations. Multiple regression analyses were used.Results: Compared with women whose weight gain was within IOM recommendations, women with weight gain below the recommendations had infants that were shorter (-0.7 cm, P = 0.008) when adjusting for confounders. Normal-weight women exceeding IOM recommendations had infants with higher FM (+58 g, P = 0.008) compared with normal-weight women who gained within the recommendations. No corresponding association was observed for overweight/obese women.Conclusions: Inadequate GWG was associated with shorter infants, while excessive GWG was associated with greater infant FM for women who were of normal weight before pregnancy.
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| 30. |
- Henriksson, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Variation in the fat mass and obesity-related (FTO) genotype is not associated with body fatness in infants, but possibly with their length
- 2014
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 9:5, s. E112-E115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundData relating variation at the fat mass and obesity-related (FTO) locus (rs9939609) to fat mass in infancy are inconclusive. ObjectiveTo study relationships between FTO genotype and infant size (at 1 and 12 weeks and at 1 year of age) and body composition (at 1 and 12 weeks). MethodsBody composition was assessed using air displacement plethysmography in 207 infants. FTO was genotyped using the TaqMan assay. ResultsThe number of risk alleles was related to length at 1 and 12 weeks (P=0.007-0.033) but not to fat mass. The relationship to length was stronger in boys than in girls. ConclusionsOur results suggest that the FTO genotype is not related during infancy to fat mass but is related to length in boys but not in girls.
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| 31. |
- Hidalgo Migueles, Jairo Hidalgo, et al.
(författare)
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Revisiting the cross-sectional and prospective association of physical activity with body composition and physical fitness in preschoolers : A compositional data approach
- 2022
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 17:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Information is limited for the benefits of physical activity (PA) in preschoolers. Previous research using accelerometer-assessed PA may be affected for multicollinearity issues. Objectives This study investigated the cross-sectional and prospective associations of sedentary behaviour (SB) and PA with body composition and physical fitness using compositional data analysis. Methods Baseline PA and SB were collected in 4-year-old (n = 315) using wrist-worn GT3X+ during seven 24 h-periods. Body composition (air-displacement plethysmography) and physical fitness (PREFIT test battery) were assessed at baseline and at the 12-month follow-up. Results Increasing vigorous PA at expenses of lower-intensity behaviours for 4-year-old was associated with body composition and physical fitness at cross-sectional and longitudinal levels. For example, reallocating 15 min/day from lower intensities to vigorous PA at baseline was associated with higher fat-free mass index (+0.45 kg/m(2), 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.18-0.72 kg/m(2)), higher upper-body strength (+0.6 kg, 95% CI: 0.1-1.19 kg), higher lower-body strength (+8 cm, 95% CI: 3-13 cm), and shorter time in completing the motor fitness test (-0.4 s, 95% CI: -0.82 to [-0.01] s) at the 12-month follow-up. Pairwise reallocations of time indicated that the behaviour replaced was not relevant, as long as vigorous PA was increased. Conclusions More time in vigorous PA may imply short- and long-term benefits on body composition and physical fitness in preschoolers. These findings using compositional data analysis corroborate our previously published results using isotemporal substitution models.
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| 32. |
- Johansson, E
(författare)
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Dear Editor
- 2015
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Ingår i: Pediatric obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6310 .- 2047-6302. ; 10:4, s. 328-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 33. |
- Johnsson, Inger W, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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A high birth weight is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity
- 2015
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 10:2, s. 77-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The association between low birth weight and adult disease is well known. Less is known on long-term effects of high birth weight.OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate whether a high birth weight increases risk for adult metabolic disease.METHODS: Swedish term single births, 1973-1982 (n = 759 999), were studied to age 27.5-37.5 years using Swedish national registers. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated in relation to birth weight for type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia.RESULTS: Men with birth weights between 2 and 3 standard deviation score (SDS) had a 1.9-fold increased risk (HR 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25-2.90) of type 2 diabetes, whereas those with birth weights above 3 SDS had a 5.4-fold increased risk (HR 5.44, 95% CI 2.70-10.96) compared to men with birth weights between -2 and 2 SDS. The corresponding HRs for women were 0.60 (95% CI 0.40-0.91) and 1.71 (95% CI 0.85-3.43) for birth weights 2-3 SDS and >3 SDS, respectively. Men with birth weights between 2 and 3 SDS had a 1.5-fold increased risk (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.22-1.77) of obesity. The corresponding risk for women was 1.3-fold increased (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.19-1.46). For men and women with birth weights above 3 SDS, the risks of adult obesity were higher, HR 2.46 (95% CI 1.63-3.71) and HR 1.85 (95% CI 1.44-2.37), respectively.CONCLUSIONS: A high birth weight, particularly very high, increases the risk of type 2 diabetes in male young adults. The risk of obesity increases with increasing birth weight in both genders.
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| 34. |
- Julian, Valerie, et al.
(författare)
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Sedentary time has a stronger impact on metabolic health than moderate to vigorous physical activity in adolescents with obesity : a cross-sectional analysis of the Beta-JUDO study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 17:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Relationships between movement-related behaviours and metabolic health remain underexplored in adolescents with obesity.Objectives To compare profiles of sedentary time (more sedentary, SED+ vs. less sedentary, SED-), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time (more active, MVPA+ vs. less active, MVPA-) and combinations of behaviours (SED-/MVPA+, SED-/MVPA-, SED+/MVPA+, SED+/MVPA-) in regard to metabolic health.Methods One hundred and thirty-four subjects (mean age 13.4 +/- 2.2 yrs, mean body mass index [BMI] 98.9 +/- 0.7 percentile, 48.5% females) underwent 24 h/7 day accelerometry, anthropometric, body composition, blood pressure (BP), lipid profile and insulin resistance (IR) assessments.Results Metabolic health was better in SED- [lower fat mass (FM) percentage (p < 0.05), blood pressure (BP) (p < 0.05), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p < 0.001) and metabolic syndrome risk score (MetScore) (p < 0.001), higher high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) (p = 0.001)] vs. SED+ group and in MVPA+ [lower triglyceridemia (TG), (p < 0.05), HOMA-IR (p < 0.01) and MetScore (p < 0.001), higher HDL-c (p < 0.01)] vs. MVPA- group after adjustment with age, gender, maturation and BMI. SED-/MVPA+ group had the best metabolic health. While sedentary (p < 0.001) but also MVPA times (p < 0.001) were lower in SED-/MVPA- vs. SED+/MVPA+, SED-/MVPA- had lower FM percentage (p < 0.05), HOMA-IR (p < 0.01) and MetScore (p < 0.05) and higher HDL-c (p < 0.05), independently of BMI. Sedentary time was positively correlated with HOMA-IR and Metscore and negatively correlated with HDL-c after adjustment with MVPA (p < 0.05). MVPA was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR, BP and MetScore and positively correlated with HDL-c after adjustment with sedentary time (p < 0.05).Conclusion Lower sedentary time is associated with a better metabolic health independently of MVPA and might be a first step in the management of pediatric obesity when increasing MVPA is not possible.
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| 35. |
- Koyanagi, Ai, et al.
(författare)
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Association of bullying victimization with overweight and obesity among adolescents from 41 low- and middle-income countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Data on the association between overweight/obesity and bullying victimization among adolescents are scarce from low- and middle-income countries.OBJECTIVES: We assessed the associations between overweight/obesity and bullying victimization in 41 low- and middle-income countries.METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey were analysed. Data on past 30-day bullying victimization (including type) and body mass index based on measured weight and height were collected. The 2007 WHO Child Growth reference was used to define overweight and obesity. Multivariable logistic regression (multinomial and binary) and meta-analyses based on country-wise estimates were conducted. Data on 114 240 adolescents aged 12 to 15 years were analysed (mean age [SD], 13.8 [1.0] y; 48.8% girls).RESULTS: Among girls, compared with normal weight, overweight (OR = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02-1.16; between-country heterogeneity I2 = 0.0%) and obesity (OR = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.07-1.34; I2 = 0.0%) were associated with significantly higher odds for any bullying victimization, but no significant association was observed among boys. However, overweight and obesity were both associated with significantly increased odds for bullying by being made fun of because of physical appearance among both sexes-obesity (vs normal weight): girls OR = 3.42 (95% CI, 2.49-4.71); boys OR = 2.38 (95% CI, 1.67-3.37).CONCLUSIONS: Effective strategies to reduce bullying of children with overweight/obesity are needed in low- and middle-income countries.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Lindberg, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Low grandparental social support combined with low parental socioeconomic status is closely associated with obesity in preschool-aged children: a pilot study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While the influence of parental socioeconomic status (SES) on children’s weight status is well known, the impact of other family-related aspects such as parental and grandparental social support is less understood. This study investigates the importance of parents’ SES and social support (functional and structural) for weight status in a clinical sample of preschoolers 4–6 years old with obesity (n = 39, 56% girls; 73% of parents were overweight/obese, 50% were of non-Swedish origin). Linear regression analyses, simple and multiple, were performed on SES and social support with child BMI SDS (body mass index standard deviation score) as the dependent variable. The results show that parents’ income and low emotional support from paternal grandparents were significantly associated with more severe obesity. The association between parental income and the child’s BMI SDS was stronger among parents who had low emotional support from their own parents. In conclusion, grandparental social support may be protective against childhood obesity.
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| 38. |
- Lundgren, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Hyperactivity in preschool age is associated with higher fat-free mass and healthy lifestyle behaviours five years later: A longitudinal study of Swedish children
- 2023
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : WILEY. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThere is evidence for a link between hyperactivity and obesity, especially among older children. Both conditions seem to be multifactorial in origin and hypotheses of common underlying issues, such as emotional dysregulation, have been suggested. However, studies of the co-occurrence of the two conditions in younger age groups have been inconclusive.ObjectivesWe aimed to study the longitudinal associations of psychological strengths and difficulties at 4 years of age with health behaviours, body composition, physical fitness, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors 5 years later.MethodsParents of 226 4-year-old children filled out the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). At 9 years of age, we assessed health behaviours, physical fitness, body composition, and CVD risk factors. Associations were examined with linear regression models that were adjusted for sex, age of the child at 9, and maternal education.ResultsIn the adjusted models, hyperactivity at 4 was associated with higher fat-free mass (beta = 0.18, p = 0.007) and lower levels of sedentary behaviour (beta -0.14, p = 0.043) at 9 years. Furthermore, greater emotional problems at 4 were associated with lower intake of fruit and vegetables (beta -0.14, p = 0.038) at 9 years. However, there were no statistically significant associations between psychological difficulties and fat-mass index.ConclusionsOur novel data provide no evidence of an association between hyperactivity in preschool age and obesity or obesity-related behaviours in school age. Future studies examining how psychological factors relate to obesity development should consider a developmental perspective.
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| 39. |
- Lundström, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Brown adipose tissue estimated with the magnetic resonance imaging fat fraction is associated with glucose metabolism in adolescents
- 2019
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 14:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundDespite therapeutic potential against obesity and diabetes, the associations of brown adipose tissue (BAT) with glucose metabolism in young humans are relatively unexplored.ObjectivesTo investigate possible associations between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) estimates of BAT and glucose metabolism, whilst considering sex, age, and adiposity, in adolescents with normal and overweight/obese phenotypes.MethodsIn 143 subjects (10‐20 years), MRI estimates of BAT were assessed as cervical‐supraclavicular adipose tissue (sBAT) fat fraction (FF) and T*2 from water‐fat MRI. FF and T*2 of neighbouring subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were also assessed. Adiposity was estimated with a standardized body mass index, the waist‐to‐height ratio, and abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes. Glucose metabolism was represented by the 2h plasma glucose concentration, the Matsuda index, the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and the oral disposition index; obtained from oral glucose tolerance tests.ResultssBAT FF and T*2 correlated positively with adiposity before and after adjustment for sex and age. sBAT FF, but not T*2, correlated with 2h glucose and Matsuda index, also after adjustment for sex, age, and adiposity. The association with 2h glucose persisted after additional adjustment for SAT FF.ConclusionsThe association between sBAT FF and 2h glucose, observed independently of sex, age, adiposity, and SAT FF, indicates a role for BAT in glucose metabolism, which potentially could influence the risk of developing diabetes. The lacking association with sBAT T*2 might be due to FF being a superior biomarker for BAT and/or to methodological limitations in the T*2 quantification.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Sandborg, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of a lifestyle intervention (the HealthyMoms app) during pregnancy on infant body composition : Secondary outcome analysis from a randomized controlled trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 17:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Pregnancy has been identified as a window for childhood obesity prevention. Although lifestyle interventions in pregnancy can prevent excessive gestational weight gain (GWG), little is known whether such interventions also affect infant growth and body composition. Objectives To investigate (i) the effects of a 6-month lifestyle intervention (the HealthyMoms app) on infant body composition 1-2 weeks postpartum, and (ii) whether a potential intervention effect on infant body composition is mediated through maternal GWG. Methods This is a secondary outcome analysis of the HealthyMoms randomized controlled trial. Air-displacement plethysmography was used to measure body composition in 305 healthy full-term infants. Results We observed no statistically significant effect on infant weight (beta = -0.004, p = 0.94), length (beta = -0.19, p = 0.46), body fat percentage (beta = 0.17, p = 0.72), or any of the other body composition variables in the multiple regression models (all p >= 0.27). Moreover, we observed no mediation effect through GWG on infant body composition. Conclusions Our findings support that HealthyMoms may be implemented in healthcare to promote a healthy lifestyle in pregnant women without compromising offspring growth. Further research is required to elucidate whether lifestyle interventions in pregnancy also may result in beneficial effects on infant body composition and impact future obesity risk.
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| 46. |
- Santaliestra-Pasías, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Prospective physical fitness status and development of cardiometabolic risk in children according to body fat and lifestyle behaviours: The IDEFICS study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 16:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Elevated cardiometabolic risk (CMR) is an important factor for cardiovascular diseases later in life while physical fitness seems to decrease CMR. Objective: Thus, the aim of the present study is to assess the association between muscular fitness (MF) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on CMR in European children, both cross-sectional and longitudinally. Methods: A total of 289 children (49.5% males) from eight European countries, aged 6 to 9, with longitudinal information on blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, homoeostasis model assessment, body mass index, data on fitness level, objectively measured physical activity (PA), diet quality, and total screen time were included. A CMR score was calculated and dichotomized. MF and CRF were also dichotomized. Cross-sectional and longitudinal multilevel logistic regressions adjusting for lifestyle behaviours were performed. Results: Reaching a high level of MF during childhood as well as remaining in that level over-time were associated with an 82% and 62% lower probability of high CMR at follow-up, respectively. Also, children who became top CRF over time, showed a 77% lower probability (P < 0.05) of being in the highest CMR quartile at follow-up, independently of sociodemographic and lifestyle indicators. Conclusions: A high MF at early childhood and during childhood reduces the odds of having CMR. Same occurs with the improvement of CRF during childhood. These findings highlight the importance of enhancing fitness to avoid CMR already in children. © 2021 The Authors. Pediatric Obesity published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Obesity Federation.
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| 47. |
- Schreuder, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Population trajectories and age-dependent associations of obesity risk factors with body mass index from childhood to adolescence across European regions: A two-cohort study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 19:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate population trajectories of behavioural risk factors of obesity from childhood to adolescence and their associations with body mass index (BMI) in children across European regions. Methods: Data were harmonised between the European multi-centre IDEFICS/I.Family and the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development Cohort. Participants were aged 2.0–9.9 and 5.0–7.5 years at baseline, respectively, and were followed until age 18 years. Behavioural risk factors of interest included diet, physical activity, media use and sleep. Mixed effects models were used for statistical analyses to account for repeated measurements taken from the same child. Results: The study included a total of 14 328 individuals: 4114, 4582, 3220 and 2412 participants from Northern, Southern, Eastern Europe and Amsterdam, respectively. Risk factor means and prevalences changed with age, but the trajectories were mostly similar across regions. Almost no associations between behavioural factors and BMI were found at the age of 6 years. At 11 years, daily sugar-sweetened foods consumption, use of active transport, sports club membership and longer nocturnal sleep duration were negatively associated with BMI in most regions; positive associations were found with media use. Most associations at 11 years of age persisted to 15 years. Conclusions: Whilst population trajectories of media use and nocturnal sleep duration are similar across European regions, those of other behavioural risk factors like active transport and daily vegetable consumption differ. Also, associations between behavioural risk factors and BMI become stronger with age and show similar patterns across regions.
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| 48. |
- Shackleton, N., et al.
(författare)
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Improving rates of overweight, obesity and extreme obesity in New Zealand 4-year-old children in 2010-2016
- 2018
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : WILEY. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 13:12, s. 766-777
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Prevalence of childhood obesity is high in developed countries, and there is a growing concern regarding increasing socio-economic disparities. Objectives To assess trends in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and extreme obesity among New Zealand 4-year olds, and whether these differ by socio-economic and ethnic groupings. Methods A national screening programme, the B4 School Check, collected height and weight data for 75-92% of New Zealand 4-year-old children (n = 317 298) between July 2010 and June 2016. Children at, or above, the 85th, 95th and 99.7th percentile for age and sex adjusted body mass index (according to World Health Organization standards) were classified as overweight, obese and extremely obese, respectively. Prevalence rates across 6 years (2010/11 to 2015/16) were examined by sex, across quintiles of socio-economic deprivation, and by ethnicity. Results The prevalence of overweight, obesity and extreme obesity decreased by 2.2 [95% CI, 1.8-2.5], 2.0 [1.8-2.2] and 0.6 [0.4-0.6] percentage points, respectively, between 2010/2011 and 2015/2016. The downward trends in overweight, obesity and extreme obesity in the population persisted after adjustment for sex, ethnicity, deprivation and urban/rural residence. Downward trends were also observed across sex, ethnicity and deprivation groups. Conclusions The prevalence of obesity appears to be declining in 4-year-old children in New Zealand across all socio-economic and ethnic groups.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Stahlmann, Katharina, et al.
(författare)
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Family structure in relation to body mass index and metabolic score in European children and adolescents
- 2022
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6310 .- 2047-6302. ; 17:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Living in single parent and blended families or as an only child-compared to living in two-parent biological families or with siblings, respectively-is associated with a higher body mass index (BMI) in cross-sectional studies. However, longitudinal research addressing the children's BMI in this context is scarce. Further, little is known about the association between family structure and metabolic health. Objectives This study aimed at investigating the association between both aspects of family structure with BMI and a metabolic score (MetS). Methods Cross-sectional data from 7804 children participating in the European multi-center I.Family study (2013/2014) and longitudinal data from 5621 children who also participated previously in the IDEFICS study (2007-2010) were used. Family structure was assessed by a detailed interview. BMI z-score and the MetS were based on measured anthropometry, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein, blood glucose, and triglycerides. Linear regressions were performed to model associations between family structure with BMI and MetS. Results Children from single-parent families had higher BMI z-scores in the cross-sectional (beta = 0.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.001 to 0.18) and longitudinal analyses compared to those from two-parent families. Cross-sectionally, the number of siblings was associated with lower BMI z-scores (beta = -0.07, 95% CI: -0.10 to -0.03) and lower MetS (beta = -0.14, 95% CI: -0.26 to -0.01). Longitudinally, only children between baseline and follow-up had higher BMI z-scores at follow-up (beta = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.14) compared to stable siblings. Conclusion Obesity prevention measures should focus on single-parent households and families with an only child.
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