| 1. |
- Mosleh, Marwan, PhD researcher, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Burden of chronic diseases in the Palestinian healthcare sector using Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY), Palestine
- 2016
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Ingår i: Diversity and equality in health and care. - Milton Keynes, United Kingdom : Scitechnol Biosoft Pvt. Ltd.. - 2049-5471 .- 2049-548X. ; 13:3, s. 261-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Chronic diseases are considered the greatest public health concern globally, and contributor to a large burden of disease in developed world, and increasing rapidly in developing countries as well as Palestine. Where, Palestineis experiencing an epidemiological transition and a rapid increasing burden of chronic diseases as a consequence of rapid modifications in people behaviors. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project has made possible a new methodological approach and conceptual framework to estimate the burden of diseases and other health problems in populations everywhere nationally and globally.Objective: We quantify the burden of chronic diseases using disability – adjusted life years (DALYs) for 2010 in the Palestinian healthcare sector.Methodology: In this study, we adapted Global Burdenof Diseases (GBD) methodology for measuring the burden of chronic diseases in the main two entities of Palestinian territories, using Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) measurement. The measurement tools and their standards templates were specially designed for assessing the burden of disease, developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to estimate and quantify the burden of chronic diseases. The study used secondary data extracted from multiple sources including Ministry of Health (MOH) materials and annual reports about chronic diseases mortalities registered in 2010 and also data about chronic diseases morbidity collected by Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) Demographic & Health Survey data 2010 (DHS) performed in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.Results: In 2010, DALYS lost due to selected chronic diseases in the current study were estimated as (60/1000 DALYs) in the West Bank while (57/1000 DALYs) in GazaStrip respectively, considering that each one DALY is thought of as one lost year of ideal healthy life. Ischemic heart disease(IHD) and hypertension contributed to the highest proportion of DALYs among males and females in 2010 in the West Bankand Gaza strip followed with cancer (lung cancer in males vs.breast cancer in females) and then respiratory disease (COPD) with small difference in rank order. There also were sex and region differences. Heart diseases specifically Ischemic heart disease (IHD) also continued to rank highly as a cause of both YLLs and mortality, followed by cancer among Palestinian populations in both the West Bank and Gaza strip for both sexes in 2010, indicating the major causes of chronic diseases burden in Palestine in 2010.Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that heart diseases followed with cancer remains the major chronic diseases burden in the Palestinian healthcare sector in the Palestinian territories in both Gaza strip and West bank. Our study recommends that further studies using more recent data are important and needed. Additionally, our study findings indicate the need for basic intervention to tackle these burdens. In general, attention has to be increasingly paid to chronic non communicable diseases (NCDs) in the Palestinian territories.
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| 2. |
- Thunborg, Camilla, 1966-
(författare)
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Learning behind the curtains – becoming health care assistants in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Diversity and equality in health and care. - : Scitechnol Biosoft Pvt. Ltd.. - 2049-5471 .- 2049-548X. ; 13:1, s. 165-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines workplace learning in health care organisations, particularly focusing on the forming of occupational identities of health care assistants in Sweden. The specific aim is to deepen the understanding of health care assistants’ learning of occupational identities in daily health care practices and the potentials for developing their occupational identities. The article focuses on two interrelated concepts: workplace learning and occupational identity. It is based on case studies of four different health care wards within two clinics at two hospitals in Sweden. The results show that health care assistants’ learning is related to their participation in daily work where the ways of organising work, as well as the social interaction and relationship with registered nurses and physicians are crucial. Previous life and work experiences are also of high importance for their motivation to learn in both formal settings and in their daily work. The identity of the health care assistant are reproduced and governed by routineson the one hand, and flexible in both adapting to other groups, urgent situations or to other needs at the ward on the other. From the results four contradictions are found as potentials for developing occupational identities: formal versus informal learning, adaptive versus developmental learning, formal versus informal legitimacy and weak status versus strong identity. One conclusion is that they adapt to other groups, are practice oriented and learn behind the curtains. These are aspects of their history as a group which is evident in the individual adaption to a hierarchical system of professions.
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| 3. |
- Björngren Cuadra, Carin
(författare)
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A study of approaches within research on problems of access to services for youth and children with functional, cognitive and developmental disabilities from a multicultural perspective
- 2012
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Ingår i: Diversity and equality in health and care. - : Radcliffe Publishing Ltd.. - 2049-5471 .- 2049-548X. ; 9:2, s. 125-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study describes how research approaches the problems of access to services for children and younger people. The aim is to identify approaches to ‘the multicultural question’ in relation to access to service, geographic origins, disciplines and methods. Two main approaches were identified in the review: a culture-based and a rights-based, both equally preoccupied with problems such as the disproportionate representation of minorities. The culture-based approach was influenced by a “strong’ notion of culture and was inclined to target problems of access ‘at the counter’ (service delivery). The rights-based approach was influenced by a notion of culture connected to agency and gave primacy to ‘the gateway’ (recognition of eligibility). The field could benefit from more attention and possibly from further development of a rights-based approach, which implies a notion of culture that entails a connection to agency, a linking to power, participation, and self-representation.
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| 4. |
- Hadziabdic, Emina, et al.
(författare)
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Perspectives of professional interpreters regarding their role and attitude in the healthcare encounter
- 2016
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Ingår i: Diversity and equality in health and care. - : Insight Medical Publishing Group. - 2049-5471 .- 2049-548X. ; 13:3, s. 221-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to explore how professional interpreters experience their role in a healthcare encounter. An explorative study with semi-structured individual interviews and written descriptions was conducted with a purposeful sample of nine professional interpreters who represented the migrant population in Sweden. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse data. The findings showed that the professional interpreters viewed their role as to transfer information accurately, to keep confidentiality, to remain impartial and to perform the duties related to their work assignments. However, the study also found a number of factors and challenges that influenced this role. These were: 1) the form of interpretation, 2) the interpretation environment, 3) the employment conditions and personal characteristics of the interpreters, and 4) the behaviour of the patient and healthcare staff during the interpretation session. The study found that professional interpreters experienced their role as aligning with the existing guidelines regarding an interpreter’s role and ethical attitude. Healthcare service providers, policymakers and interpreter agencies should focus on improving training and support and development opportunities in order to increase the impact of interpretation on equality and quality of healthcare.
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| 5. |
- Olt, Helen, et al.
(författare)
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Communication and equality in elderly care settings : Perceptions of first- and secondgeneration immigrant and native Swedish healthcare workers
- 2014
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Ingår i: Diversity and equality in health and care. - 2049-5471 .- 2049-548X. ; 11:2, s. 99-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An ethnically diverse healthcare workforce is considered beneficial to meeting the needs of an ethnically diverse population. In the UK and the USA, lack of equality and difficulties in communication between co-workers and patients from different ethnic backgrounds is problematic. Little is known about the ethnically diverse healthcare workforce in elderly care settings in Sweden. This paper compares native Swedish and first- and secondgeneration immigrant healthcare workers' perceptions of diversity in relation to equality and communication in elderly care settings. The study used a cross-sectional design with a survey administered by self-completed questionnaire. The Assess Awareness and Acceptance of Diversity in Healthcare Organizations questionnaire was distributed to healthcare workers in elderly care settings in one municipality in Sweden. Responses from 643 healthcare workers were analysed. A factor analysis was performed on 26 items in the questionnaire. Reliability analysis on the subscales was conducted using Cronbach's alpha. Differences between native and first- and second-generation immigrants were analysed using ANOVA followed by post-hoc tests. The results showed that first-generation immigrant and native Swedish healthcare workers had different views on equality and communication in four of the five subscales, namely care of elderly patients from different backgrounds, equality in the workplace, communication with diverse co-workers, and treatment by family and significant others from a different ethnic background. Second-generation immigrants held similar views to native Swedish healthcare workers on two factors, namely equality in the workplace and communication between co-workers from different backgrounds. There were no differences between the groups with regard to their views on self-awareness in collaboration with co-workers. Differences in the experiences of first- and secondgeneration healthcare workers should be acknowledged, rather than assuming that they share similar experiences as immigrants. Managers need to promote equality and effective communication among an ethnically diverse workforce.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Priebe, Gunilla, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Micro Level Impact of the Right to Health - a qualitative Study of Patients Perceptions
- 2016
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Ingår i: Diversity and Equality in Health and Care. - 2049-5471. ; 13:5, s. 319-325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Health is unequally distributed across the Swedish population, even though it has ratified Human rights declarations pointing out The Right to the Highest Attainable Standard of Health for all. The meaning of these declarations is condensed in The Right to Health-concept and specified in the so called AAAQ-framework, which highlights equal Accessibility, Acceptability, Availability and scientific Quality of care as indicators for analyzing a state’s fulfillment of such declarations. Methods and findings: The aim of this qualitative interview study was to examine whether patient perspectives on health care encounters would shed new light on the focal points specified in the AAAQ-framework, i.e., complement macro analyses on a state’s fulfilment of human rights declarations. Interviews were carried out with 55 patients in a socioeconomically challenged suburb, and analyzed in accordance with established standards for thematic content analysis. Two main themes with six subthemes were identified in this descriptive phase. The patient narratives centered on health care prerequisites for good care, but patients’ own responsibility was also brought up. Most noticeable was the importance given to staff’s ability to respectfully acknowledge the meaning of individual patient characteristics, and the negative effects on patients’ wellbeing of its opposite (authoritarian and impersonal staff attitudes). The results from the descriptive phase were then deductively interpreted in relation to the AAAQ-framework. The interpretative analyses revealed that human rights inspired policies are not enough for the realization of The Right to Health as patients’ experiences of different hospitals varied significantly, despite identical policies. In addition, it underlined the importance of all four AAAQ-indicators, i.e. that scientifically appropriate care (Availability and Quality) is vital, yet that the meaning of The Right to Health-concept is not realized unless a health care experience includes emphatic encounters adapted to the individual patient’s capacities and disease experience (Accessibility and Acceptability). Conclusion: The analysis of patient perspectives on health care experiences highlighted the significance of respectful and personalized treatment. In addition to providing functioning health care facilities, a vital part of health care quality work is securing empowering care encounters. Even though human rights inspired state regulations and health care policies are imperative, specific strategies to secure their implementation on the health care micro level is needed, e.g. staff training in communication skills as well as follow up mechanisms measuring patient satisfaction and levels of participation.
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