| 1. |
- Bador, Kourosh, et al.
(författare)
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Partnership Interacts with the Association between Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Positive Affect
- 2016
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Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 7:6, s. 768-775
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Subjective well-being is a central concept of positive psychology, and is directly coupled with a high level of positive affect and a low level of negative affect. Positive affect is associated with enthusiasm, activity, hope and inspiration, while negative affect is associated with emotions such as anger, contempt, guilt, shame, fear, anxiety, depression, and stress. Physical activityis crucial for both physical and mental health and is positively associated with well-being. Gender and social factors (e.g., parenthood or partnership) have complex relations with well-being and affect. In the present study we aimed to 1) examine the association between leisure-time physical activity and affect and 2) investigate whether or not social factors interact with this association. Method: The study included information from 155 Swedish university students: 64 men (mean age 23 years) and 91 women (mean age 27 years). Students were asked to estimate their usual engagement in physical activity during their leisure-time by responding to the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire. They also reported the level of positive and negative emotions experienced during past weeks by completing the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule instrument. Results: In the Swedish student population leisure-time physical activity correlated only with positive and not with negative affect. Students' gender, age or whether or not they had children did not influence this association. However, this correlation differed significantly between those who lived with a partner and those who were single. Conclusion: Leisure-time physical activityis positively correlated with an overall subjective well-being, and this correlation is modifiedby the social factor of partnership
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| 2. |
- Bååth, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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Cats and Illusory Motion
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 5:9, s. 1131-1134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the first evidence that cats experience visual illusions and that a non-human animal can see illusory motion. In three videos we show cats reacting with hunting behavior when watching the Rotating Snakes illusion. This is taken to mean that cats see illusory motion in this image due to the propensity of cats to pursue movement. This is further supported by a survey where 29% of the respondents answered that their cat reacted to the illusion. A number of preferential looking experiments were also indicative of cats experiencing the illusion, but not conclusively so.
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| 3. |
- Duong, Thi Hoa, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences of Learning from a Person-Centred Web-Based Support Programme for Children with Urogenital and Bowel Malformation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 0033-3077 .- 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 2017:8, s. 363-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose was to illuminate preschool children’s experiences of learning from a web-based intervention comprising person-centred learning support. A qualitative method was chosen based on open-ended interviews with ten children born with urogenital or bowel malformation. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Two main categories and eight subcategories were identified. The findings show that the participants remembered the web preschool with pleasure and thought it had been useful. The children were able to express what they found important and in the conversations they easily associated the intervention with events in their daily life. Most of the children in this present study could manage toilet visits by themselves but worried about the standard in the school toilets. Their own integrity was important with regard to toilet matters and they wanted privacy for their visits.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Dark Time Matter: Dark Character Profiles and Time Perspective
- 2018
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Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 9:1, s. 63-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Humans seem to have a unique ability to consciously organize the flow of time (i.e., past, present, and future) and to intentionally choose goals and values (i.e., character: self, others, the universe). These two parts of human awareness have implications for individuals’ relation to a society that will flourish or perish. In fact, a balanced time perspective is suggested as necessary for the experience of well-being and optimal societal functioning. Nevertheless, low character development might be expressed as a Dark Triad: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. In the present study, we aimed to investigate if individuals differ in their outlook on time depending on their dark character profiles. Method: We re-analyzed data from a previous study in which participants (N = 338) responded to the Short Dark Triad Inventory and the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. However, here we use the Dark Cube (Garcia, 2017a), a model of malevolent character based on Cloninger’s biopsychosocial theory of personality and in the assumption of a Dark Triad, thus, clustering individuals in eight profiles (i.e., the combination of high/low in three malevolent character traits). Results: The results for each trait suggest multi-finality (i.e., same antecedents, different outcomes) and equifinality (i.e., different antecedents, same outcomes). For example, individuals high in narcissism presented a balanced time perspective when manipulative behavior was also high and psychopathy was low. Conclusions: In certain conditions, malevolent character is associated to a balanced time perspective. Thus, suggesting that in order to understand well-being and optimal societal functioning, we need to look at human awareness in relation to both time (i.e., past, present, future) and space (i.e., character: self, others, the universe).
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| 6. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise Frequency, High Activation Positive Affect, and Psychological Well-Being: Beyond Age, Gender, and Occupation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 3:4, s. 328-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regular physical exercise contributes to marked reductions in psychosocial stress, the enhancing of posi- tive affect and well-being. However, affect can be measured as high (e.g., engaged) or low (e.g., content) activation affect. To ascertain further these interactions, we examined the relationship between exercise frequency (i.e., how often an individual engages in physical activities) and affect and Psychological Well-Being (PWB). We investigate this relationship in the context of individuals’ gender, age, psycho- somatic symptoms (i.e., headaches, pain in shoulders, neck or other parts of the body), sleeping problems, smoking habits, and Body Mass Index (BMI). Moreover, we also investigate if the relationship between exercise frequency and affect differs depending on the dimension of affect (low or high activation). In Study 1 (N = 635), 2 (N = 311), and 3 (N = 135) high activation positive affect (PA) predicted frequently exercising, while high activation negative affect (NA) predicted being less physically active. Moreover, high activation PA was negatively related to smoking habits and to how often the participant had sleeping problems. Finally, the relationship between frequently exercising and high activation affect was still pre- sent when controlling for age, occupation and gender. Moreover, in Study 2, high activation PA remained strongly related to exercise frequency even when we controlled for BMI. In Study 3, frequent physical ac- tivity was also related to PWB. In Study 4, participants (N = 150) self-reported low activation affect. All findings in regard to exercise frequency were replicated, with the exception of the relationship to affect. Psychological resources (i.e., PWB), the frequent experience of PA, together with the infrequent experi- ence of NA may provide for the facilitation of an exercise regime and healthy behavior. Thus, regular physical exercise remains as a health-ensuring necessity over age, gender, and occupation. Nevertheless, high activation positive affect should be in focus.
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| 7. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Waiting in Vain: Managing Time and Customer Satisfaction at Call Centers
- 2012
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Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 3:2, s. 213-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to investigate customers’ satisfaction with telephone waiting time using data collected among 3013 customers who were asked for their waiting time satisfaction, information satisfaction, and service satisfaction. The actual queue time was also measured and played a significant but small role on time satisfaction. In order to keep customers satisfied with waiting time, a successful model is an infor- mative satisfactory answer and top of the line service, even when queue times are large. Nevertheless, the model was less useful to predict non satisfied customers. This specific information needs to be integrated when organizations assess customers’ time satisfaction.
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| 8. |
- Grankvist, Gunne, 1963-
(författare)
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Attitudes towards Fairtrade Principles and Environmental Views among the Inhabitants of a Rural Swedish Town
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 6:13, s. 1661-1667
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper evaluates associations between values and preference for the Fairtrade concept andcompares the ecocentric and anthroprocentric views of Nature. The intention of Fairtrade productlabelling is to increase consumers' awareness of products that have a presumably more positiveinfluence on workers' lives in developing countries. The ecocentric view assumes that Nature hasan intrinsic value and should be preserved regardless of economic implications. The anthropocentricview, on the other hand, assumes Nature has value only because of the material, physical,or other benefits Nature provides humans. All respondents in the study were residents of Gestad, asmall town in a sparsely populated area of Sweden. Among the main results of the study was thatself-transcendence values (e.g., universalism and benevolence) were positively correlated with apreference for Fairtrade and ecocentrism, and negatively correlated with anthropocentrism. Conservationvalues (e.g., tradition and conformity) were positively correlated with anthropocentrism,and negatively correlated with a preference for Fairtrade. Another result was that women weremore positive than men towards Fairtrade and ecocentrism.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Hemati Alamdarloo, Ghorban, et al.
(författare)
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The Relationship between Students’ Conceptions of Learning and Their Academic Achievement
- 2013
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Ingår i: Psychology. - Scientific Research : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 4:1, s. 44-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the relationship between pre-university students’ conceptions of learning with their academic achievement. The sample consisted of 309 students (165 males and 144 females) in Tehran city. Among them, 104 individuals were in Mathematics, 110 in Experimental Science, and 95 in Literature (Humanities). The participants were selected through multistage cluster sampling. To assess their conceptions of learning, Purdie and Hattie’s (2002) questionnaire was used, and to measure their academic achievement, the total mean of high school diploma was considered. The results showed a significant relationship between students’ conceptions of learning and their academic achievement. There is also a meaningful relationship between students’ number of conceptions of learning and their academic achievement.
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| 11. |
- Holm, Kristoffer, et al.
(författare)
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New types of employment, new ways to be uncivil? A thematic analysis of temporary agency workers’ exposure to workplace incivility
- 2016
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Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 7, s. 74-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to explore what types of incivility temporary agency workers might experience or witness. A total of 162 temporary agency workers (97 women and 65 men) from three unions and three temporary work agencies completed an online questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of a one-item question, with an open-ended response format, regarding what types of incivility temporary agency workers might experience or witness in the workplace. The participants were employed in the sectors of healthcare, education, transportation, IT, retail and whitecollar service work. Overall, thematic analysis resulted in the identification of six themes: 1) exclusion from the collegiality, 2) with-holding information and resources, 3) acting condescendingly and using insulting remarks, 4) questioning competence and making higher demands, 5) threatening job security and using abusive terms of employment, and 6) showing more severe negative workplace behaviors. The results show that there are types of uncivil behaviors that are not fully captured by the most frequent used measures of today. Exclusion from the collegiality and not being respected for their competence, and condescending behavior were uncivil behaviors typically associated with temporary agency work. The study has implications for the future development of methods for studying incivility and negative workplace behaviors among temporary agency workers.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Jönsson, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing exposure to bullying through digital devices in working life : two versions of a cyberbullying questionnaire (CBQ)
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 8:3, s. 477-494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is two folded: 1) to analyze the reliability and validity of a cyberbullying behaviour questionnaire (CBQ) in working life and 2) to analyze the reliability and validity of a short version of a cyberbullying behaviour questionnaire (CBQ-S) in working life. A total of 3371 working adults (MAge = 49.85 years) in Sweden, and 238 (MAge = 35.61 years) in the USA participated in the study. The results of the Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) showed that the one-factor model had an excellent fit to data, and Cronbach’s alpha indicates that both scales are reliable. In addition, the criterion validity of the scales was demonstrated by significant correlations with the following theoretically relevant concepts: wellbeing, work engagement and intention to quit. The results of the study support the use of the CBQ and CBQ-S as reliable and valid measures of cyberbullying behaviour in working life.
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| 14. |
- Karhina, Kateryna, et al.
(författare)
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Voluntary work during times of military crisis : what motivates people to be involved and what are the effects on well-being?
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 8, s. 1601-1619
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The positive health effects of volunteering are quite well described in the lite- rature; however, potential negative effects of volunteering are less explored. Volunteering got attention in Ukraine because of the recent political crisis that brought military conflict to the Eastern part of the country in 2014. In- formal volunteering has transformed into a formal one. In order to be able to organize volunteering that promotes well-being, it is important to have more in-depth knowledge about motives behind volunteering as well as the positive and potential negative effects of it. We explore the case voluntary work in of one of the cities in Ukraine. Military conflict context has its own specifics and different motives make people act voluntarily. There are goal-oriented, val- ue-oriented, affectual and traditional motives present in our data. The data shows that involvement in volunteering brings positive returns on well-being of the providers such as enlarging the circles of friendship and expanding the networks volunteers involved in; brings positive emotions into life; compen- sates the efforts and gives meaning to life. However, the negative effects of volunteering are also present. They are physical tiredness and a lot of time spent on volunteering activities; becoming disconnected from the ordinary (non-volunteering) world; unsafety; neglect of own needs and experiences of negative emotions out of the involvement in volunteering activities.
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| 15. |
- Knez, Igor, 1959-
(författare)
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How concerned, afraid and hopeful are we? Effects of egoism and altruism on climate change related issues
- 2013
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Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 4:10, s. 744-752
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The idea that concerns for and emotional reactions to climate change may be due to environment-related egoism and altruism was tested. Participants assessed as “high” on egoism were shown to be more concerned for myself-related issues and afraid of the climate change impact on their local environment, indicating a self-benefit goal motive. Participants assessed as “high” on altruism were those more concerned for issues related to others and nature and more afraid and less hopeful for the whole world, indicating a pro-social goal motive in this group of individuals. This indicates that environment-related value orientations of egoism and altruism may prompt concerns and convey feelings differently about the climate change issue. Accordingly, when encouraging sustainable development, policy and pro-environmental actions, we have to bear in mind people’s world views grounded in environment-related selfishness vs. unselfishness; indicating different goal-directed motives in climate change decision making.
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| 16. |
- Le Bon, O, et al.
(författare)
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Assortative Mating and Personality in Human Couples: A Study Using Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 4:1, s. 11-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The trend toward assortative mating is the rule in Western societies for a large series of factors. The case for personality variables is however not clear, since weak and even negative relationships have been found in correlation analyses between spouses. The present study compared the profiles of members from 145 stable couples living together for more than 5 years, and representative of the Belgian population. Personality measurements were performed using Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), in order to: 1) determine whether the subject’s TCI predicts the partner’s profile; 2) determine whether modeling has an important influence between the partners; 3) describe the behavior of personalities with extreme traits; 4) measure whether personalities with extreme traits would favor complementarity over homogamy. In all dimensions but Harm Avoidance and its sub-dimensions, positive associations were found between the partners, indicating a trend toward assortative mating. These differences were significant for Novelty Seeking, Reward Dependence, Persistence and Cooperativeness. Trends were observed in Self-Directedness and Self-Transcendence. Subjects with extreme personality traits were not shown to favor complementarity over assortative mating. Homogamy was thus confirmed here for a series of personality traits, independently of the TCI Temperament or Character classification and on the subjects position in the distribution.
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| 17. |
- Lilja, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy. Experiences of everyday life and relapse prevention in primary care
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 6:4, s. 464-477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of mindfulness has attracted a growing body of research within behavioural medicine over the last decade. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) has been developed to prevent relapse among people who suffer recurrent depression. Studies show impressive results, with a decrease in the risk of relapse of up to 50%. However, primary care patients’ own experiences and MBCT’s effectiveness as a relapse program and aid to their ability to deal with everyday life remain relatively unexplored. The aim of the study, therefore, was to examine how primary care patients with recurrent depression perceive the usefulness of MBCT in preventing relapse. Nineteen patients who had participated in a MBCT program for recurrent depression within a primary care setting were interviewed 12 months after treatment. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to identify, analyse, and report patterns in the interviews. Analysis suggests two overarching themes, “Strategies for remission” and “Personal development”. This study brings new information about what participants in MBCT classes describe as the most useful interventions for relapse prevention. The formal and informal meditation exercises focused on the body and the breath were described as the most important strategies for remission and the mindfulness practice gave the participants an enhanced self-knowledge that helped them to better deal with everyday stress and interpersonal functioning. The findings also indicate that traditional cognitive behavioural interventions, such as behaviour activation and establishing a maintenance plan, might not be as essential to relapse prevention as formerly thought.
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| 18. |
- Lindahl, Mats, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Depressive Expression and Anti-Depressive Protection in Adolescence : Stress, Positive Affect, Motivation and Self-Efficacy
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 4:6, s. 495-505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study aims at identifying predisposing and protective factors for the purpose of showing their respective contribution and interaction for adolescents’ stress disorders and depressive states, and to find key attributes for the identification of pupils at risk in a normal population of adolescents. The study was performed with 211 high-school pupils over a period of 18 months. The results are reported from the pupils participating in 4 consecutive administrations of the instruments (N = 115). The following instruments were used: “Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale”, “Stress”, “Helplessness”, “Hopelessness”, “Uppsala Sleep inventory”, “Barratt’s Impulsiveness Scale”, “Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale”, “Life Orientation Test”, “General Self-Efficacy”, “Locus of Control”, “Situational Intrinsic Motivational Scale”. The Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale were also used to categorize participants into four affective profiles: “self-fulfilling”, high affective”, “low affective” and “self-destructive”. Linear regression analyses showed that situational depression (hopelessness) was predicted by depressive. Negative affect predicted stress, which in turn predicted general and situational depressiveness. General self-efficacy, positive affect and Identified regulation were found to be protective factors to both general and situational depressiveness. Depressiveness was found to be linked to the “self-destructive” affective personality type. “Negative affect” and distractiveness are suggested as markers for pupils at risk, whereas positive affect, self-efficacy and identified regulation appear to have protecting roles.
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| 19. |
- Löfgren, Hans O., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Parent Training Programs on Parental Stress in a General Swedish Population Sample
- 2017
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Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 8:5, s. 700-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a confirmatory study that assessed the effects of parent training programs on parental stress in a general population. There is a need to repeat and confirm earlier findings to acquire solid knowledge for policy stakeholders. In a quasi-experimental design, self-reported data were gathered at three occasions from 83 parents of children between the ages from one to ten years. These parents had responded to advertisements of parent training programs, and were matched to a comparison group of 83 parents chosen from a governmental database. Parent training program based upon behavioral, cognitive-behavioral, Adlerian and family system-theories. Parental stress due to incompetence, role restriction, social isolation, spousal relationship problems, and health problems were measured by the Swedish Parenthood Stress Ques- tionnaire that is based on the Parent Stress Index Scale. The data indicated a reduction of stress in the sub-scale of health problems among parents in the intervention group with an effect size of 0.33, however, no other subscale showed the intervention as a significant variable when controlling for confounding variables. This study adds on the accumulated knowledge of supporting interventions for parents. We conclude that parent training programs have a significant effect on the stress components of parental health when implemented in real-life settings.
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| 20. |
- Muhonen, Tuija, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring coping effectiveness and optimism among municipal employees
- 2011
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Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 2:6, s. 584-589
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between coping, optimism, psychological and physical well-being. The effectiveness of the different coping strategies and the role of optimism were investigated by analyzing how they predicted psychological and physical well-being. Altogether 136 municipal employees participated in a questionnaire study. The results showed that the most adaptive or effective coping strategy concerning psychological and physical well-being was acceptance, which can be classified as engagement coping. Ineffective strategies regarding psychological well-being included disengagement coping strategies such as sub- stance use, behavioral disengagement and self-blame. An ineffective strategy regarding physiological well-being was denial, which can be classified as a disengagement strategy. Optimism correlated significantly with both psychological and physical well-being. However, when all the variables in the model were included in the regression analysis, optimism explained additional variance in physical well-being but not in psychological well-being.
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| 21. |
- Muli, Irene, et al.
(författare)
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The Relationship between Access to Mass Media and HIV/AIDS Related Knowledge, Beliefs and Behaviours in Kenya
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 4:7, s. 736-743
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: We scrutinized the association between access to mass media and HIV/AIDS related knowledge, beliefs and behaviours in Kenya. Methods: Data on a representative sample of Kenyan women between 15 - 30 years of age (n = 3909) was retrieved from the Kenyan demographic and health survey (DHS 2008) and analyzed using Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression. Results: Media use was common with over 70% of participants using radio at least once a week. Between 3% - 30% of participants had poor to inadequate knowledge/beliefs about HIV/AIDS, with variations depending on demographic and social factors such as age, education, literacy, wealth and residential area. HIV/AIDS knowledge, beliefs and behaviours were associated with exposure to media, even after control for possible co-variation with social and demographic factor. Conclusion: Despite wide exposure to media among young Kenyan women, substantial proportions have poor to inadequate knowledge of the aetiology, risk/protective factors and control measures of HIV/AIDS. Yet, such knowledge was positively associated with media use. Media thus could ideally be used to implement a comprehensive awareness campaign in the general population about the aetiology, risk/protective factors and control measures in HIV/AIDS.
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| 22. |
- Nishikawa, Saori, et al.
(författare)
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Differences and Similarities of Mental Health Problems Reported by Adolescents : From Greece, Japan, Russia, and Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 7:13, s. 1658-1670
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of the present study were to: 1) compare scores and scales of the Youth Self-Report (YSR) reported by healthy adolescents 15 - 17 years of age from Greece, Japan, Russia, and Sweden, 2) analyze gender and age effects of the YSR syndrome scores between and within countries, and 3) compare scores of competence scales and their associations to mental health problems. A comparison of problems (n = 812) yields a small effect size of 4.8% for cross-country in YSR total problems scores. There was a deviation above the overall mean for Greece and Russia, while Sweden and Japan had deviations below the mean. The effect sizes of country for narrowband and broadband scales were small or medium. Analysis within and between countries pointed out some problems that might be more/less common in some countries than others. In their total competence score, Greek adolescents scored higher than Swedish or Japanese. There were some negative associations between syndrome and competence scales across countries. Gender differences were shown across the countries with the exception of Japan. Age differences were less consistent due to the small range of age groups. Even though YSR is used in all four countries, translations and sampling procedure may influence (be one of) the variations.
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| 23. |
- Nordin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Do sex differences in the association between work exposure and health in the manufacturing industry depend on work context? : results from the WOLF-study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 5:8, s. 896-907
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between work exposure such as psychosocial work factors and work posture, and health in men and women with the same type of occupation in the manufacturing industry. Two follow-ups with a follow-up rate of 67% from the WOrk, Lipids and Fibrinogen (WOLF) cohort from the Northern Sweden were used. The database included 1589 men and 286 women, which is representative of the proportions between men and women in the Swedish manufacturing industry. To be able to understand the importance of work context, the participants were categorized according to work tasks (working with things or symbols). Logistic regression was used for interaction analyses between sex and psychosocial work factors (such as demand, control, social support, role conflict, and work-family conflict) as well as physical work factors (such as work posture), and health outcomes (work overcommitment, fatigue, and neck and back pain). The results showed contextually different patterns of sex different associations between psychosocial work factors and health outcomes. For instance, women were at larger risk of ill-health (in the form of work overcommitment) when working with things, whereas men were at larger risk of both work overcommitment and fatigue when working with symbols. Women working with symbols had a larger risk of neck and back pain due to work-family conflict. The health outcome that was most sensitive to the sex different associations was work overcommitment. In conclusion, the work context matters for sex differences in the association between psychosocial work factors and health and since work overcommitment is a predictor of disease, it should be of interest for the Occupational Health Services and personnel departments to survey.
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| 24. |
- Nordin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Social support and sleep : Longitudinal relationships from the WOLF study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Psychology. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 3:12A, s. 1223-1230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To investigate the relationship between two social support dimensions (network and emotional support) and sleep quality and between two social support sources (at and outside work) and sleep quality. Methods: The three-wave prospective Work Lipids and Fibrinogen (WOLF) study from Northern Sweden was used including 2420 participants who had filled out a questionnaire on working life, life style and health. Sleep quality was assessed by the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire (KSQ). Structure and function of social support were measured as network support both at and outside work by Availability of Social Integration (AVSI) and emotional support both at and outside work by Availability of Attachment (AVAT). Logistic regression was used, utilizing variables created to assess development over time. Moreover, reversed causation was tested. Results: Improved network support at work decreased the risk of disturbed sleep (OR .65; 95% CI .47 - .90) as did improved emotional support outside work (OR .69; 95% CI .49 - .96). Reporting a constant poor network support at work increased the risk of disturbed sleep (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.10 - 2.11) as did reporting a constant poor emotional support outside work (OR 1.46; 95% CI 1.02 - 2.05). In men constant good network at work decreased the risk of disturbed sleep (OR .49, 95% CI .34 - .71). Reversed causation analyses indicate some bi-directionality. Conclusion: Being able to perceive social support is a human strength promoting sleep. Both dimension (structure and function) and source (at and outside work) of support matters in sleep quality and seem to be related since the structural dimension was more likely to affect sleep when derived from work, whereas the functional dimension affected sleep quality if it was provided outside work. Men’s sleep seems to be more sensitive to network support at work. Disturbed sleep may also alter the perception of social support.
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| 25. |
- Persson, Bertil
(författare)
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A Study of Personality and Family- and School Environment and Possible Interactional Effects in 244 Swedish Children—A Multiple Regression Analysis
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 5, s. 886-895
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to examine relationships between psychosocial family- and school environment and personality as assessed by the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-J) and possible personality interactional effects. The study was based on 244 Swedish girls and boys, 10-19 years old, who filled in the Family- and School Psychosocial Environment (FSPE) questionnaire and the EPQ-J. A multiple regression analysis showed that the FSPE-factor Family conflicts and school discipline predicts Psychoticism (antisocial personality), and that the FSPE-factor Warmth, support and openness from parents, siblings and peers predict Extraversion. Sex, Psychoticism and the size of sibling group predicted Neuroticism. Spanking was reported in various degrees by 8.1 percent of the children, and this factor was related to Psychoticism. These results support socialization theories. The most unexpected finding was the impact of interactions between personality variables themselves, influencing the FSPE’s predictability of Neuroticism. Discussion about the advantage of the use of statistic control in a multiple regression, possible causal links between psychosocial environment and personality, limitations and further research propositions concludes the article.
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| 26. |
- Rasoal, Chato, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a Swedish Version of the Scale of Ethnocultural Empathy
- 2011
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Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 2:6, s. 568-573
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development and establishment of a Swedish translation of the Scale of Ethnocultural Empathy (SEE) was investigated in a sample of 788 participants. The SEE is a self-report instrument and is used to measure empathy directed toward people from ethnic cultural groups who are different from the respondent’s own ethnocultural group. Principal components factor analyses and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) provided evidence for a four-factor structure. The factors were Acceptance of Cultural Differences, Communicative Ethnocultural Em-pathy, Ethnocultural Empathic Awareness, and Intellectual Ethnocultural Empathy. The factors were moderately intercorrelated, and additional correlational analyses showed convergent validity in high correlations between the four factors and the two subscales Empathic Concern and Perspective Taking of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Possible applications of this scale in a healthcare context are discussed.
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| 27. |
- Rasoal, Chato, et al.
(författare)
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Ethnocultural versus Basic Empathy : Same or Different?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 2:9, s. 925-930
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of ethnocultural empathy has been put forward as a variable that could explain tolerance between individuals and groups of different ethnic and cultural background. However, it is not clear if ethnocultural em-pathy is distinct from basic empathy. In this study we investigated the association between basic empathy, as measured by the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Davis, 1983) and ethnocultural empathy, as measured by the Scale of Ethnocultural Empathy (Wang et al., 2003). We also explored the question of whether a set of back-ground variables would predict the two forms of empathy. We investigated if there were different predictors of ethnocultural and basic empathy, and if the two constructs are distinct. Results showed that the two forms of empathy were correlated and that largely similar predictors were found for the two constructs. A confirmatory factor analysis failed to confirm two separate constructs. Implications of the findings for the measurement of empathy are discussed.
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| 28. |
- Romeo, Marina, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Job Crafting on Quality of Care : The Moderating Effect of Commitment
- 2018
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Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 09:12, s. 2649-2661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study is part of a broader research project aimed at the analysis of the job environment of eldercare and nursing homes employees. In this context, the aim of this research is to analyze the direct effect of job crafting, specifically, task, relational and cognitive crafting, on quality of care, and the moderator effect of commitment on these relationships. A correlational cross-sectional design was used. A non-probabilistic accidental sample of 530 eldercare and nursing home employees was recruited. Standardized instruments were used to assess employees’ job crafting, quality of care and commitment. Regression analyses with PROCESS were used to test the moderated model. Results showed a moderated effect of exchange, values, and affective commitment on the relationship between cognitive job crafting and quality of care, but not on the relationship of task and relational job crafting and quality of care. This study highlights the importance of nurses’ job crafting activities for quality of care. Quality of care depends on cognitive job crafting among nurses with high levels of organizational commitment. Those employees with high levels of need commitment perceived low levels of quality of care, independently of their job crafting.
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| 29. |
- Rozental, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding and treating procrastination : A review of a common self-regulatory failure
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 5:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Procrastination is a pervasive self-regulatory failure affecting approximately one-fifth of the adult population and half of the student population. It is defined as one’s voluntarily delay of an intended course of action despite being worse off as a result of that delay. Procrastination has a negative impact on performance and is associated with poorer mental health. Stress, worry, and feelings of guilt are common among those who procrastinate recurrently. In addition, procrastination is associated with fewer mental health-seeking behaviors and increased treatment delay, leading to greater distress and the exacerbation of illness. The current paper seeks to provide a theoretical and clinical understanding of procrastination by reviewing prior research. Procrastination can be understood using different motivational theories, learning theory, self-efficacy theory, as well as biases and heuristics. Temporal motivational theory is proposed as an integrated explanation for procrastination, consisting of the interaction of four different variables: expectancy, value, impulsiveness, and time, each of which affects the tendency to procrastinate. A general implication is that procrastination should be regarded as an idiosyncratic behavioral problem that requires a cognitive case conceptualization or a functional analysis in order to guide therapists in their work. A number of treatment interventions might be used in relation to procrastination—for example, efficacy performance spirals, automaticity, stimulus control, stimulus cues, learned industriousness, and cognitive restructuring. Furthermore, the current paper explores the evidence on using cognitive behavior therapy for procrastination, discussing the scarcity of randomized controlled trials and the lack of validated outcome measures, and highlighting the need for further research.
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| 30. |
- Rytterström, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Finding the Silent Message : Nurses’ Experiences of Non-Verbal Communication Preceding a Suicide
- 2019
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Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 10:1, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Suicidal individuals often communicate their intention to commit suicide, but not necessarily verbally. Psychiatric nurses play a central role in the care of patients exhibiting suicidal behaviour or thoughts. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore nurses’ experiences of the indirect messages about forthcoming suicide from patients’ everyday life before they committed suicide. A qualitative design was used with a phenomenological hermeneutical approach. Seven nurses working in specialist psychiatric care were interviewed about their experience of the phenomenon communication about suicide. Results show how the nurses noticed changes in patients just before they committed suicide. These changes included rapid improvement, disguise of real feelings, and unreceptiveness to further treatment or encouragements. The nurses also described patients becoming aware of painful life conditions of losing hope and confidence in the future and experiencing feelings of powerlessness or an inability to influence the situation. Their last moments were characterised by a greater preoccupation with thoughts about death and finding ways to express farewells. This manifested itself in practical preparations and expressing gratitude to people, which was understood by the nurses as a way of saying goodbye. This study shows that it is possible for skilled staff to develop an understanding of a suicidal patient’s internal state and to recognise the non-verbal messages of someone who later committed suicide. The knowledge of how patients prepare and act before suicide could be used to complement a structural suicide risk assessment.
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| 31. |
- Sarkohi, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Links between Future Thinking and Autobiographical Memory Specificity in Major Depression
- 2011
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Ingår i: Psychology. - : SciRes. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 2:3, s. 261-265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine the association between autobiographical memory specificity and future thinking in a depressed sample. A total of 88 individuals who meet the DSM-IV criteria of major depression were included and completed the autobiographical memory test (AMT) and the future thinking task (FTT). The FTT was an index of number of future plausible events, rating of likelihood and emotional valence. The results showed that positive future thinking was significantly correlated with retrieval of specific positive autobio-graphical memories (r = 0.23). Moreover, correlational analyses showed that positive autobiographical memo-ries were negatively correlated with extended autobiographical memories, repeated autobiographical memories, semantic associations and non-responses on the AMT. Self-report measures of depression and anxiety were not correlated with either the FTT or the AMT. The results of this cross-sectional study only give weak support for an association between autobiographical memory specificity and future thinking.
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| 32. |
- Sarkohi, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Representations of the future in depression. A qualitative study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Psychology. - Irvine, CA : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 4:4, s. 420-426
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Previous studies indicate that the ability to imagine negative and positive future events affect psychological well-being and is a characteristic feature of depression. The aim of this study was to investigate how depressed individuals view their future along different time periods. A total of 15 individuals with a diagnosis of major depression were recruited from a psychiatry clinic and completed a semi-structured qualitative interview. Questions were asked about the situation right now, before becoming depressed, and the future (nearest time, within a year and the upcoming 5-10 years). Data were collected and analysed using open-ended methodology in line with the principles of grounded theory. The results showed that depressed individuals experienced a state of “ambivalence”, with negative cognitive, emotional, physical and socioeconomic consequences, when they were asked to think about their nearest future. Ambivalence and its negative emotional and cognitive effects were substantially reduced in strength when they were asked about their more distant future. We conclude that ambivalence in the present may be an important feature of depression which deserves more attention from both a theoretical and clinical perspective. The use of qualitative approaches in the study of depression is encouraged.
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| 33. |
- Sundqvist, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Coping with Stress in the Forced Repatriation of Unaccompanied Asylum-Seeking Refugee Children among Swedish Police Officers and Social Workers
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 8:1, s. 97-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Police officers and social workers are key actors in the forced repatriation of unaccompanied asylum-seeking refugee children. Police officers are tasked with arranging the children's departure, whereas social workers are responsible for the children's well-being during their stay in Sweden. To gain a better understanding of how to handle stressors and cope effectively with forced repatriation work, the current study aimed to describe and compare police officers' and social workers' coping strategies for forced repatriation work, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and social support. Nationally distributed surveys to social workers (n = 380) and police officers (n = 714) with and without experience of forced repatriation were used, analyzed by univariate and multivariable regression models. The police officers used more planful problem-solving and self-controlling strategies, whereas the social workers used more escape-avoidance, distancing and positive reappraisal coping. Additionally, social workers with experience in forced repatriation used more planful problem-solving than those without experience. Police officers involved in forced repatriation manage their work stress via adaptive coping strategies and control over the situation, whereas social workers use more maladaptive coping strategies. Concrete tools are needed at the individual level to strengthen key actors' ability to support the well-being of unaccompanied asylum-seeking refugee children.
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| 34. |
- Tahib, Nezar, PhD student, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Mental Illness among Children Working on the Street Compared with School Children in Duhok
- 2015
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Ingår i: Psychology. - US : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 6:12, s. 1421-1426
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Child labor is a gradually increasing phenomenon across the world. Children working on the streets are vulnerable to a variety of mental and non-mental illnesses. Due to the scarcity of the research on the health impacts of this phenomenon on these children, this study investigates the risks of mental illnesses and school performance among children working on the streets. A comparative study was conducted from December 16, 2006 to June 10, 2007. The study included 120 boys working on the streets and a comparable sample of non-working boys from primary schools. A modified Family Map was used to collect data on the socio-demographic characteristics. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescence tool was utilized to identify the presence of mental illnesses. The findings show that children working on the streets are five times more likely to be depressed and four times more likely to be anxious than school children. No significant differences are found between the two groups concerning suicide, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, tic disorder or school performance. Children working on the streets are more likely to have one or more mental illnesses than the comparable sample of boys attending school regularly. More research is needed to address pathogenesis of mental illnesses as well as resilience of vulnerable children living in a difficult environment.
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| 35. |
- Wallin, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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A Qualitative Study of Males' Perceptions about Causes of Eating Disorder
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 5:15, s. 1813-1820
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our knowledge about males’ perceptions about causes of eating disorder is very limited, but can be useful in the treatment planning for males. The aim of this study was to describe how male former patients perceived causes of onset of their eating disorder. Fifteen males previously treated for eating disorders and now considering themselves as recovered where interviewed at ages 19 - 52. All interviews were recorded and analyzed qualitatively using a phenomenographic approach. Three categories of perceived causes of onset of eating disorders were found. The first category: self-dissatisfaction, was presented with three conceptions: “High achievements and demands”, “Body-dissatisfaction” and “Low self-esteem”. The second category: family environment, comprised the two conceptions: “Difficulty in family interaction and communication” and “Excessive expectations from family members”. The third category was stressful events outside the family, and consisted of the three conceptions: “Bullying, bad situation at school”, “Moving to new places/separation from friends” and “Societal ideals”. Males’ perceptions of causes of onset of their eating disorder were in many aspects similar to those earlier described for women. In treatment, it is important that the clinicians show a sincere interest in perceived causes, since it may facilitate a good working alliance with the patient.
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