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1.
  • Bocken, Nancy M.P., et al. (författare)
  • Business model experimentation for sustainability
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Sustainable Design and Manufacturing 2016. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. - 9783319320960 ; 52, s. 297-306
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Business experimentation is a key avenue for accelerating change for sustainability. In contrast to experimentation in natural sciences, benefitting from controlled situations, business experimentation aims to explore the diverse possibilities that a business could create value from, or understand what works in which particular situations in a real life business context. While at present most popular with start-ups, this paper argues that large businesses can also find inspiration in business experimentation to develop sustainable business models and accelerate positive change for sustainability. Five illustrative cases are included of business experimentation for sustainability by focusing on pivots (modifications) in the business model. This paper only scratches the surface of the potential impactful new research field of business (model) experimentation for sustainability. Future work on sustainable business experimentation for start-ups and mature businesses is viewed as a powerful future research avenue to accelerate change in industries.
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2.
  • Bocken, Nancy M.P., et al. (författare)
  • Circular business model experimentation : Concept and approaches
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Sustainable Design and Manufacturing - Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Sustainable Design and Manufacturing KES-SDM-18. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2190-3018 .- 2190-3026. - 9783030042899 ; 130, s. 239-250
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper aims to provide conceptual insight on ‘Circular business model experimentation’ by exploring the concept and potential approaches to pursue. The Circular Economy can be a successful driver for change by focusing efforts on economic and environmental issues while also addressing socio-economic challenges such as (un)employment. The business model of firms is viewed as a systematic driver for change in a company, bringing together the various elements of the way of doing business: the value proposition (what value is proposed and to whom); value creation and delivery (how this value is provided) and value capture (how money is made and other forms of value are captured). To develop and validate novel business models, experimentation is needed. While experimentation has been prominent in natural sciences, economics and transitions management literature, it has not yet mainstreamed as a potential business approach, despite the fact that it has been heralded as a key driver for competitiveness and sustainability success. This paper explores the concept of Circular Business Model Experimentation by addressing the following questions: What is Circular Business Model Experimentation? What approaches are available for business? Based on this, suggestions for future research and practice on circular business model experimentation are developed.
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3.
  • Bocken, Nancy, et al. (författare)
  • Slowing resource loops in the circular economy : An experimentation approach in fashion retail
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Sustainable Design and Manufacturing - Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Sustainable Design and Manufacturing KES-SDM-18. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. - 9783030042899 ; 130, s. 164-173
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Circular Economy is viewed as an important driver for resolving resource issues and tackling sustainability issues more broadly. The fashion industry operates in a largely linear way and suffers from various environmental, societal and economic challenges. In a Circular Economy, first and foremost, products need to be retained at the highest level, thus slowing resource loops. Slowing resource loops goes against current fast fashion trends and therefore appears the most difficult approach to pursue. This paper investigates how a large established retailer aims to slow resource loops as part of a broader project targeted to significantly reduce textile waste to landfill. The retailer collaborated with a university partner to pursue circular business model experiments. This paper reports on the approach for a slowing resource loops experiment around building sewing capabilities. Suggestions for future research and practice on circular business model experimentation are included.
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4.
  • Cao, Danni, et al. (författare)
  • Accessing the Influences of Weather and Environment Factors on Traffic Speed of Freeway
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 185, s. 53-67
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Traffic speed has been traditionally used as a measure of traffic performance. Predicting the traffic speed is fundamental for efficient traffic management and control strategy. This study explores the influences of freeway attributes, weather, and air condition on traffic speed. A quantitative model is also introduced to predict the traffic speed as per the identified influencing factors. Empirical data of traffic flow and potential influencing factors are collected from multiple sources for analysis and model calibration. The principal component analysis is firstly conducted to select the significant variables influencing the traffic speed. Afterward, a multiple linear regression model is calibrated to quantitatively model the impacts of different factors and investigate their weights. The results show that the attributes of freeway, the humidity of the area, the temperature, the horizontal visibility, the station maker, the air quality, and the PM quality have influences on the traffic speed. Among all of the variables, the weight of the existence of toll station is highest, indicating the largest influence on the traffic speed.
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5.
  • Carlsson, Raul, et al. (författare)
  • Managing Circular Electric Vehicle Battery Lifecycles Using Standards
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 2190-3018 .- 2190-3026. ; 377, s. 63-77
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The electric vehicle (EV) market and its implied battery resource management are in large and fast expansion. The European Union is developing directives for digital product passport for batteries, where much understanding and knowledge of battery management are quickly growing. Coordinating standards that can harmonize circular battery management and spread best practices is therefore in high demand. This research presents a review of existing standards that support managing circular EV battery lifecycles. It was performed to understand the maturity of the circular battery lifecycle, regarding battery performance and safety to workers, EV passengers, and the environment. The review structure was made by positioning standards to key steps throughout the circular battery lifecycle, highlighting steps where handling, producing, testing, servicing, and remanufacturing could be expected to support harmonization and guidance. The scope was limited to mainly lithium-ion batteries for vehicle traction but also included general standards concerning recycling, safe battery handling, and environmental management. The resulting mapping summarizes a catalog of existing and upcoming standards. It shows that many important standards are available. Much still needs to be developed, especially with regard to tests for reused batteries’ health and performance and with regard to how to synchronize performance specifications along and across the circular life cycle stages. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first attempt to provide such a comprehensive overview of standards that covers the whole circular electric vehicle battery lifecycles.
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6.
  • Chen, Jingxu, et al. (författare)
  • A modelling framework of drone deployment for monitoring air pollution from ships
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 98, s. 281-288
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sulphur oxide (SOx) emissions impose a serious health threat to the residents and a substantial cost to the local environment. In many countries and regions, ocean-going vessels are mandated to use low-sulphur fuel when docking at emission control areas. Recently, drones have been identified as an efficient way to detect non-compliance of ships, as they offer the advantage of covering a wide range of surveillance areas. To date, the managerial perspective of the deployment of a fleet of drones to inspect air pollution from ships has not been addressed yet. In this paper, we propose a modelling framework of drone deployment. It contains three components: drone scheduling at the operational level, drone assignment at the tactical level and drone base station location at the strategic level.
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7.
  • Fan, Jieyu, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluating the Impact of Signal Control on Emissions at Intersections
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 304 SIST, s. 104-111
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Transport emission has become an increasingly serious problem, and it is an urgent issue in sustainable transport. In this study, by constructing traffic emission models for different vehicle types and operating conditions, the changes in CO, HC, and NOx emissions of light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles before and after signal control optimization were quantified based on VISSIM simulation. The OBEAS-3000 vehicle emission testing device was used to collect data on the micro-operational characteristics of different vehicles under different operating conditions as well as traffic emission data. Based on the data collected, the VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) model combined with the VISSIM traffic simulation platform was used to calculate the emissions of light and heavy vehicles in the mixed traffic flow before and after intersection signal optimization. It is known from the study that signal control optimization has a greater impact on heavy vehicles than on light vehicles. Emissions of CO, HC, and NOx from heavy vehicles and light vehicles are all reduced, but NOx emissions from light vehicles remain largely unchanged. The research results reveal the emission patterns of light and heavy vehicles in different micro-operating conditions and establish a traffic emission model. It provides a theoretical basis for accurate traffic emission analysis and traffic flow optimization, as well as a scientific basis for the formulation of traffic management measures and emission reduction in large city transport systems.
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8.
  • Gao, Jianqiang, et al. (författare)
  • Investigating the Influence of ADAS on Drivers’ Evasive Behaviors During Car-Following on Highways
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 304 SIST, s. 22-31
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Various advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS) are designed to help drivers make reasonable evasive decisions in emergency conditions. However, different drivers have different perceptions of driving risks, resulting in differences in the choice of evasive behaviors (e.g., car-following, overtaking, etc.). To explorer the impact of ADAS on vehicle interaction behaviors under dangerous conditions, this study objectively assessed how ADAS affected drivers’ choice of evasive behaviors in near-crash events (NCEs). An on-road experiment was conducted on public highways in real traffic. The dangerous driving data of NCEs in different working states of ADAS (i.e., activated or not) were collected and combined to classify NCEs’ risk levels: lower, medium, and higher based on the K-means clustering results. Drivers’ evasive behaviors during ADAS engagement (i.e., during the use of the forward collision warning system) were then found closely associated with NCEs’ risk levels. Differences of probabilities for evasive behaviors were further compared within and across the three risk groups. Results showed that ADAS engagement has a positive impact on reducing the occurrence of NCEs and reduces the probability that drivers in medium and high-risk groups choose overtaking behavior. ADAS engagement can help drivers maintain a greater time headway (THW) when taking evasive action. Findings in this study could optimize ADAS intervention strategies and further enhance the ability of safe driving assistance.
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9.
  • Gao, Kun, 1993, et al. (författare)
  • How to Model the Influence of In-vehicle Crowding on Travel Behavior: A Comparison Among Moderation, Independent Variable and Interaction
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 185, s. 41-52
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Accurate modeling of travel choice behavior is crucial for effective transport demand forecasting, management and planning. This study tries to shed light on the appropriate modeling approach concerning the influences of in-vehicle crowding on mode choice behavior in the multimodal network. Stated preference surveys covering four commuting transport modes and four influencing factors are conducted to collect empirical behavior data. Three modeling methods, treating the in-vehicle crowding as a moderator of perceived travel time, as an independent variable and by incorporating interaction effect, are empirically compared. The result indicates that there is a bidirectional interaction between travel time and in-vehicle crowding. The influence of in-vehicle crowding increases with increasing travel time and vice versa. Considering crowding as an independent variable and taking the effects of travel time on the perception of in-vehicle crowding are the best ways to depict the overall influences of in-vehicle crowding. The sensitivity analysis shows that increasing the cost of using car is comparatively effective for reducing car usage. Shortening the travel time of public transit and improving service quality such as travel time reliability and in-vehicle crowding are more useful in attracting car users as compared to reduction in the cost of public transit. The results provide insights into travelers’ behavior in the multimodal network and could support scientific transport management and planning.
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10.
  • Gao, Kun, 1993, et al. (författare)
  • Modeling Measurements Towards Effect of Past Behavior on Travel Behavior
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 231, s. 141-157
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The inertia effect of past behavior has attracted attention in the travel behavioral literature because of its bearing on travel choice modeling. Several measurements have been proposed to model the inertia effects. However, no consensus concerning appropriate modelling methods is reached, which leads to potential biases in analysis. The study aims to conduct a comprehensive investigation of modeling measurements regarding inertia effects of past behavior from the perspectives of estimation, behavioral indications and predictions. Differing from existing literature that only focused on estimation performance, we examine the performances of different methods in predictions and behavioral interpretations. To our best knowledge, these aspects are not investigated in the literature based on empirical data. The necessary information for constructing the measurements, underlying consumption, significance in estimation, behaviorally implausible issue, performances in estimation and predictions for these measurements are all compared based on behavioral data. The results shed lights on performances and suitability of different measurements for inertia effects in terms of estimation, behavioral interpretation and prediction, which support the further investigations of past behavior on travelers’ choice behavior.
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11.
  • Gebresenbet, Girma (författare)
  • Managing logistics and supply chain in rural areas: A systematic analysis of the literature and future directions
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2190-3018 .- 2190-3026. ; , s. 157-166
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Despite half of the world population lives not in metropolitan areas but in sparsely populated zones, the rural contexts have been at the periphery of logistics and supply chain management research. The main aim of this paper is to explore the state-of-the-art of the literature on rural supply chain management using a systematic approach. A sample of 51 papers from different disciplines with a management focus have been retrieved and analysed in details. A literature classification framework based on three different topic areas and related sub-topic areas was proposed. Seven research gaps have been identified that may inspire future research in this area. Interestingly, none of the papers identified has an explicit focus on the link between rural supply chain management and local development. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first attempting to collect, analyse and classify scientific papers related to rural supply chain management.
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12.
  • Genze, Li, et al. (författare)
  • A Novel Longitudinal Control Strategy of Connected Automated Vehicle in Heterogeneous Traffic Flow and String Stability Analysis
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 356, s. 149-160
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To cope with the randomness derived from the human driving in heterogeneous traffic consists of human-driving vehicles and connected automated vehicles (CAVS), a longitudinal car-following control strategy of CAV is proposed based on the original Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) model and model predictive control (MPC) structure. The string stability of heterogeneous platoon is verified by head-to-tail string stability criteria. Results indicate the strategy proposed can reflect the relationship between the speed and string stability and prove the adaptability to different traffic conditions.
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13.
  • Håkansson, Anne Kristin, et al. (författare)
  • Preface
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - 2190-3018 .- 2190-3026. ; 22
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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14.
  • Kong, Xiangyu, et al. (författare)
  • An Online Processing Method for the Cooperative Control of Connected and Automated Vehicle Platoons
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 231, s. 133-139
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The recent development of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) makes it increasingly realistic to develop the next generation of transportation systems with the potential to improve operational performance and flexibility. The cooperative control of CAV platoons remains one of the most crucial yet challenging problems before the CAVs can be widely implemented in practice. The present study focuses on an application of CAVs at signalized intersections to realize a well-organized CAV permutation as well as improving the performance of the intersection. An online processing A* (OPA*) algorithm is developed to improve the optimality and computation performance. A comparative analysis between the proposed OPA* algorithm and an existing A* method is made. In summary, the OPA* could result in stable and scalable results which makes it possible for widely industrial usage.
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15.
  • Liu, Hua, et al. (författare)
  • Optimizing the Deployment of Automated Speed Camera at the Intersections Using GPS Trajectories
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 356, s. 55-65
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The economical and rational deployment of automated speed camera is a critical issue for traffic police department to implement speed management efficiently. Based on taxi GPS trajectories collected from Chengdu, 2016, this study optimizes the deployment interval and number of ASCs at the intersections by using K-means clustering and kernel density estimation according to the critical mixed distance halo effect and the delta speed distribution, respectively. Results illustrate that speeding is more likely to happen within the speed limit of 40 km/h rather than 60 km/h. From the whole perspective, with the growing deployment number of ASCs, the upstream distance halo effects gradually increase, while the downstream distance halo effects gradually decrease within the range of about 4500 m. Given that the interaction between two adjacent ASCs, the critical mixed distance halo effect of ASCs is about 215 m and 529 m corresponding to the smaller and larger values of critical delta speed in the northeast direction respectively, and about 315 m and 585 m in the southwest direction. Generally, one ASC should be deployed every 500 m and 600 m within the speed limit of 60 km/h, and every 200 m and 300 m within the speed limit of 40 km/h in the northeast and southwest directions, respectively.
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16.
  • Mahdiraji, Saeid Amouzad, et al. (författare)
  • An Optimization Model for the Tradeoff Between Efficiency and Equity for Mobile Stroke Unit Placement
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Innovation in Medicine and Healthcare. - Singapore : Springer. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. - 9789811630125 - 9789811630132 ; , s. 183-193
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A mobile stroke unit (MSU) is an ambulance, where stroke patients can be diagnosed and treated. Recently, placement of MSUs has been studied focusing on either maximum population coverage or equal service for all patients, termed efficiency and equity, respectively. In this study, we propose an unconstrained optimization model for the placement of MSUs, designed to introduce a tradeoff between efficiency and equity. The tradeoff is based on the concepts of weighted average time to treatment and the time difference between the expected time to treatment for different geographical areas. We conduct a case-study for Sweden’s Southern Health care Region (SHR), generating three scenarios (MSU1, MSU2, and MSU3) including 1, 2, and 3 MSUs, respectively. We show that our proposed optimization model can tune the tradeoff between the efficiency and equity perspectives for the MSU(s) allocation. This enables a high level of equal service for most inhabitants, as well as reducing the time to treatment for most inhabitants of a geographic region. In particular, placing three MSUs in the SHR with the proposed tradeoff, the share of inhabitants who are expected to receive treatment within an hour potentially improved by about a factor of 14 in our model.
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17.
  • Meng, Zhiwei, 1996, et al. (författare)
  • Interaction-Aware Trajectory Prediction for Autonomous Vehicle Based on LSTM-MLP Model
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 356, s. 91-99
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Trajectory prediction is one of the core functions of the autonomous vehicle, it greatly affects the rationality and safety of the decision-making module and the planning module. This is challenging because the motion of the target vehicle is affected by the interactive behavior of its surrounding vehicles. In this paper, we propose the interaction-aware trajectory prediction model for autonomous vehicles based on LSTM-MLP model. The encoder module encoded the history trajectories to extract the dynamic feature of each vehicle in the scenarios by the LSTM model, and then the interaction module captures the interactive feature using the MLP-Max Pooling model. In the end, the decoder module decodes the fusion feature which consists of the dynamic feature of the target vehicle and the interactive feature to output the future trajectory based on the LSTM model. The experiments are carried out on the publicly available NGSIM dataset, and the results show that the proposed model outperforms prior works in terms of RMSE value.
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18.
  • Orlovska, Julia, 1977, et al. (författare)
  • Capturing customer profile enables in-vehicle user identification: Design for data-based user behavior evaluation
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 135, s. 665-675
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The majority of user-related studies have been focused on finding similarities and discrepancies in different user behavior patterns. User identification therefore plays a critical role for user-related studies. However, the concept of shared vehicles, where various users have different behavioral patterns that can be joined and mixed under the same vehicle ID, brings greater complexity to the process of user differentiation. In order to be able to separate users’ data in shared vehicles, a method for customer profile capturing is proposed. The method design is based on comparisons of every drive cycle to the previously saved data. As a result, this allows with a certain level of likelihood identification of users for every drive cycle. This method design enables the possibility of big data use in more advanced user-related studies.
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19.
  • Parishwad, Omkar, 1987, et al. (författare)
  • Prospects of the Activity-Based Modelling Approach: A Review of Sweden’s Transport Model- SAMPERS
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - : Springer. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. - 9789819932832 ; 356, s. 139-148
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The rapid changes in global development scenarios, such as technological advancements, lifestyle decisions and climate change, call for updated transport models to test micro-level policy decisions. This paper explores the advances in activity-based transport modelling in simulating travel demand in urban scenarios, focusing on Sweden’s National Transport model. Sampers is used for impact analysis, investment calculations for traffic simulations, transport policy implementation evaluations, and accessibility and impact analysis of extensive changes in land use and transport systems in cities and regions of Sweden. This research systematically compares individual components, sub-models, and algorithms and discusses integrations with cutting-edge agent-based models. Furthermore, recent research and projects for Sampers are investigated, highlighting its advantages over current models, potential gaps and limitations, and long-term development prospects. The study concludes by cross-referencing Sampers’ global developments and regional needs to assess its long-term development prospects.
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20.
  • Peci, Gentrina, et al. (författare)
  • Usage Pattern Analysis of e-scooter Sharing System: A Case Study in Gothenburg, Sweden
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 304 SIST, s. 123-132
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Swedish cities are embracing shared micro-mobility systems (SMMS) such as e-scooters sharing systems to promote sustainable travel behavior in urban contexts with corresponding infrastructure planning. SMMS is associated with various social, environmental, and economic benefits, as well as providing solutions for the first- and the last-mile problem of using public transit. This study analyzes the usage patterns of e-scooter systems, based on the scooter operation data of VOI company in Gothenburg, Sweden. The used data cover the transaction data of two and half months during the summer and include over five hundred thousand valid trip records. The result shows that most trips travel a distance between 0.5–1.8 km while the duration lasts between 4–7 min. Fridays and Saturdays are the most popular days while Sunday is the least popular day. The number of trips on Sundays decreases by about 60% compared to Fridays and Saturdays. Moreover, the e-scooters are used to varying degrees in the different areas of Gothenburg. The e-scooters are used at a much higher extent in central Gothenburg compared to areas outside the city center. This can be due to several different factors such as location, land use, and accessibility. Lastly, the results show that the e-scooters are not primarily used for commuting but rather for leisure, which can be seen in the average distance and duration of the entire zone as well as the temporal distribution.
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21.
  • Qi, Jingwen, et al. (författare)
  • Emission Evaluation of Marine Traffic
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 185, s. 201-211
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Air pollution is an issue that has been widespread concern in all sectors of society. The pollutants, including toxic gases, greenhouse gases, and particulate matters, have permeated every aspect of our daily life and have a negative impact on human health, agriculture, industry, and climate change. Found by hard and thorough search, the human activities account for the majority and the transport sector is one of the most challenging areas, when it comes to abatement of local air pollution. Marine traffic, which covers over 80% of international trade, is mainly powered by cheap fuel oil with high impurities, so it will affect the social welfare of the coastal areas. Various measures that can be adopted to alleviate the problem to customize suitable regulations through research of the emission from shipping should be conducted. Also, the emission evaluation is critical to measure the efficiency of the regulation. Therefore, following the main steps of Ship Traffic Emissions Assessment Model, we summarize an activity-based framework of shipping emission evaluation that takes advantage of data from automatic identification system.
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22.
  • Qi, Jingwen, et al. (författare)
  • Shore Power Price Competition Between Ports
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 185, s. 189-199
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Air pollution and climate change arouse consistent attention of international community. Shipping industry, being one of the most important transport methods, carries more than 80% of the total international trade and has been recognized as a potential source of air pollutant mitigation. In order to reduce emissions of marine traffic, especially in the area of coastal waters, regulations about the quality of marine fuel have been carried out, and the maximum sulphur content allowed for marine fuel becomes increasingly stringent as time goes by. In order to comply with the regulations, shipping has to take various measures, including adopting electric power from shore while berthing. Shore-side electricity, also called cold ironing, refers to the use of electricity from shore side while berthing at the port instead of auxiliary engine. In recent years, shore power has been adopted in an increasing number of ports; in China, most ports are able to provide shore power for ships while berthing. For ships with shore power facilities, the price of shore-side electricity is an element that can influence their choice of port to visit. It is an incentive for ports to lower the power price. This paper tends to investigate what is the best price to maximize the port’s total benefit in the competition with other ports in the same group. In order to describe the competition among ports, game theory is applied, and the Bertrand model is adopted.
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23.
  • Qiu, Chen, et al. (författare)
  • A Network-Wide Traffic Speed Estimation Model with Gaussian Process Inference
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 356, s. 221-228
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Accurate urban road traffic speed analysis and prediction are important for the application of intelligent transportation systems. However, the limited and inefficient traffic state monitoring infrastructure installed on urban roads makes it difficult to monitor the traffic state of an entire network. Moreover, the complex characteristics of urban road networks may lead to difficulties for traditional statistical and traffic flow models in dealing with this type of complex relationship. Therefore, this study proposes a network-wide traffic speed estimation model with full spatial and temporal coverage and selects floating vehicle trajectory data in an actual road network for experiments. The results show that the proposed model can accurately estimate the full spatiotemporal traffic state of a traffic network with only partial data input. This method can be effectively applied to urban road state estimation and can provide a scientific basis for traffic management departments to formulate congestion mitigation strategies.
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24.
  • Qu, Xiaobo, 1983, et al. (författare)
  • Preface
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 149, s. vii-vii
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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25.
  • Qu, Xiaobo, 1983, et al. (författare)
  • Preface
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 185, s. v-v
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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26.
  • Qu, Xiaobo, 1983, et al. (författare)
  • Preface
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 231, s. v-vi
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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27.
  • Raja, Visakha, 1985, et al. (författare)
  • Modelling-integrated product architectures: an aero engine component example
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 134, s. 847-858
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A method to model functionally integrated product architectures is demonstrated on a static aero engine component. The scheme is based on concepts in set theory, graph theory and the creation of an enhanced function-means (EF-M) tree. Separate options for segmenting the component for manufacture affect these descriptions. Using the generated descriptions, implications for the chosen segmenting options are discussed with respect to overall functional satisfaction as well as functional realization at sections in the component. In addition to describing the architecture of integrated components, the description scheme might be utilized for studying product-feature integration opportunities facilitated by manufacturing techniques such as AM.
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28.
  • Stylidis, Kostas, 1978, et al. (författare)
  • Perceived Comfort of Car Seats: A Research Methodology to Visual Cues Evaluation
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 3, s. 243-256
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The automotive industry is transitioning toward a more digital future. Not just in the form of digitalization of the product itself but also in the process of customer interaction, e.g., during product selection. These trends facilitate advanced manufacturing processes as well as new product designs. The interaction with design also includes an online buying experience, where customers explore and purchase a car with a digital reference to a physical vehicle. Research on customers’ perception of car seat comfort is limited. To better understand customer preferences related to the perceived comfort of car seats, we applied a visual appearance study by presenting exclusively digital information for physical components. In this study, we reflect on the visual appearance of the driver seats for entry segment car market vehicles, such as Opel Corsa, Renault Clio, Toyota Aygo, Fiat 500, and Ford Fiesta. We used the Geely Haoyue driver seat as a control point because of its premium quality and execution. To fulfill the study’s objectives, we implemented a quantitative survey with 164 respondents from Germany and Sweden. According to our hypothesis, respondents should be able to understand car seat features related to comfort just by looking at them.
  •  
29.
  • Stylidis, Konstantinos, 1978, et al. (författare)
  • Perceived quality estimation by the design of discrete-choice experiment and best–worst scaling data: An automotive industry case
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 134, s. 859-870
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • “Which product attributes do engineers have to focus on to receive the highest level of a customer’s appreciation?” In other words, can we design for high perceived quality? In this paper, discrete-choice experiment design is presented with the combination of best–worst scaling method to evaluate the perceived quality of the complete vehicle in application to the premium automotive industry. The application of Perceived Quality Framework (PQF) and Perceived Quality Attributes Importance Ranking (PQAIR) method to measure the importance of perceived quality attributes for the automotive engineers and customers depicted commonalities and differences in perception. This information and approach can significantly improve engineering practices regarding the perceived quality of cars.
  •  
30.
  • Teng, Yang, et al. (författare)
  • Modelling the Relationships Between Headway and Speed in Saturation Flow of Signalised Intersections
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 185, s. 179-188
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The headways between vehicles in the traffic flow of intersections are one of the crucial variables for reasonable signal timing setting and intersection configuration design. Many studies apply constant discharge headways to calculate the saturation flow rate, and scarce studies quantitatively investigate the relationship of headway and speed in the saturation flow. This study endeavours to model the headway–speed relationships of saturation traffic flow at the signalised intersection. Five typical intersections with large traffic demand in Golden Coast City are surveyed to collect data regarding vehicles’ discharging speed and headways. The least squared method and the fitting degree test are applied to model the headway–speed relationships at the signalised intersections and compare the models’ fitting performance. The results indicate that the headway is significantly associated with speed. The headway increases with decreasing speed crossing the intersections. The empirically and quantitatively calibrated relationships between speed and headway can be used to calculate the saturation flow rate in the intersections with different discharging speeds and further support the design of intersections with large traffic demand.
  •  
31.
  • Wang, Kai, et al. (författare)
  • A Two-Stage Teaching Philosophy for Postgraduate Students
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 356, s. 211-220
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this study, we develop a two-stage structured teaching philosophy that is able to cater to the needs of postgraduate students with different expectations about the learning outcomes. At the postgraduate level, different students have distinct expectations about their future careers. Some may want to pursue their career as an engineer, with little interest in research and development. Others may have different views and would like to pursue their career as a researcher or an academic in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the distinctions among students’ expectations about courses. The proposed teaching philosophy divides the course sessions into two stages. In the first stage, fundamental and common knowledge bases for the courses are delivered to all students, which ensures the students receive the necessary and basic knowledge that is required for both industrial and academic pathways. Afterward, the second stage leverages the flipped classroom model to let the students choose their learning and course materials with different emphases as per their own expectations and interests. Customized learning and teaching materials are prepared for students who prefer the industrial pathway and students who show more predilections for the industrial pathway. We will use a master course about transportation engineering to empirically test this teaching philosophy and evaluate its performance, including a comparison with the conventional teaching process. The results demonstrate that the new structure is well received by students and is much beneficial for improving students’ subjective evaluations of the courses and performances in learning.
  •  
32.
  • Wang, Lichao, et al. (författare)
  • Guidance Method of Connected Autonomous Vehicles Under Automatic Control Intersections
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 356, s. 35-43
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this study, a guidance method for connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) passing through automatic control intersections (ACI) is proposed. The approach favors a new mode of intersection control in an autonomous driving environment. Based on the modeling of automatic control intersections, the functional delineation of the approach lanes was eliminated, and a conflict resolution method for CAVs within the intersections was established considering the objectives of safety and efficiency, and pre-assignment of lanes for CAVs through ACI was realized. Based on the lane pre-assignment results to achieve space–time resource allocation among CAVs, the final passing strategy is determined and back to each CAV. The simulation results show that the method proposed in this study can ensure the safe and efficient passing of CAV through ACI.
  •  
33.
  • Wang, Shuaian, et al. (författare)
  • Blockchain Applications in Shipping, Transportation, Logistics, and Supply Chain
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 149, s. 225-231
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • © 2019, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. Blockchain, as a new technology, has aroused wide attention from industry and academia in recent years. There are a huge number of articles and news reports about blockchain applications in shipping, transportation, logistics, and supply chain. This short tutorial aims to clarify (i) the key characteristics of blockchain that enable its use in shipping, transportation, logistics, and supply chain and (ii) how these key characteristics are applied. The key characteristics are decentralization, open data, and authenticity of data. The applications include smart contract, fast payment, information sharing, track and trace, and supply chain finance. We hope this tutorial can provide introductory knowledge to practitioners in shipping, transportation, logistics, and supply chain people who are not familiar with blockchain.
  •  
34.
  • Wang, Shuli, 1996, et al. (författare)
  • Multivariate Sequence Clustering for Driving Preference Classification Based on Wide-Range Trajectory Data
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 356, s. 45-54
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Accurate driving preferences classification is a crucial component for autonomous connected vehicles in making more safety and more efficient driving decisions. Most existing studies identify drivers’ driving preferences based on the historical data of the individual vehicle, and the selected variables are limited to the mechanical motion of the vehicle, which seldomly takes the influence of road traffic conditions and surrounding vehicles into account. This study proposes a driving preferences classification method by multivariate sequence clustering algorithm based on wide-range trajectory data. Based on the specific range of road sections, the selected variables for each trajectory are converted from the time domain to the space domain separately, to capture the dynamic changes of the features along the road area. Multivariate time series clustering combining a weighted Dynamic Time Warping (WDTW) and the k-medoids algorithm is used to classify driving preferences into different levels, and a popular internal evaluation metric is employed to determine the optimal cluster result. This study also investigates the heterogeneity of driving behaviors at different driving preference levels. The results show that the proposed method could better recognize drivers’ internal driving preferences.
  •  
35.
  • Xie, Jian, et al. (författare)
  • On the Impact Analysis of Emergency Vehicles Preemption on Signalized Intersections with Connected Vehicles
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 304 SIST, s. 151-160
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In recent years, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication are the leading technologies in intelligent transportation systems. With V2I and V2V, new strategies are enabled to better facilitate emergency rescue and traffic emergency management. Since signalized intersection is the major source of delay and congestion, how to prioritize emergency vehicles (EVs) at intersections becomes an indispensable research topic and has drawn extensive studies. Albeit that emergency vehicles should be granted absolute priority, the influence of EVs on the intersection was rarely studied, especially when aggressive preemption strategies are adopted. To this end, this paper is devoted to evaluating the impacts of EVs on the control of signalized intersections, as an effort to better emergency management. Mixed-integer linear programming models are developed to optimize the intersection control before and after the pass of EVs, respectively. Case studies indicate that, by assuming the EV will take exclusively one lane at the intersection, the average delay could increase by 11.28% along with a capacity decrease of 6.63%.
  •  
36.
  • Xu, Liang, et al. (författare)
  • The Impact of Increasing Minor Arterial Flow on Arterial Coordination: An Analysis Based on MAXBAND Model
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 185, s. 109-120
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • With the progress of urbanization, car ownership is experiencing explosive growth in China, which leads to heavy pressure on the urban road network. Arterial coordination strategy has been proved an effective method to avoid or alleviate traffic congestion. However, with the increasing proportion of flow on the minor arterial, arterial coordination efficiency might be affected. To figure out the problem, a numerical test is conducted by designing eight scenarios with different proportion of through movement and left turn flow on the minor arterials. MAXBAND model is applied for optimizing signal plans. The results show that average delay for vehicles on the arterials increases with the increasing of proportion of through movement flow, as well as the entire average delay. Average delay for vehicles on the minor arterials and two-way bandwidth decreases at same time. In other words, when the proportion of minor arterial flow increases, the arterial coordination efficiency would be reduced, especially for increasing left turn flow. This work reveals the improvement direction for arterial coordination.
  •  
37.
  • Xu, Yueru, et al. (författare)
  • Modeling Commercial Vehicle Drivers’ Acceptance of Forward Collision Warning System
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 231, s. 167-180
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • With the development of computer science, Forward Collision Warning (FCW) systems have been installed in various vehicles in order to improve road safety. Previous studies have been conducted to evaluate the acceptance of FCW systems and explore the contributing factors affecting drivers’ attitudes. However, few research studies have focused on the attitudes of commercial vehicle drivers, though commercial vehicle accidents were proved to be more severe than passenger vehicles. This paper tries to examine the attitudes of commercial vehicle drivers toward FCW systems and identify the contributing factors by using a random forests algorithm. FCW data of 24 commercial vehicles were recorded from November 1st to December 21st, 2018 in Jiangsu province. The acceptance rate (FCW records with response) of commercial vehicle drivers for FCW systems is 69.52%. (Acceptance was measured by identifying drivers who reduced their speed in response to a warning from the FCW system.) The accuracy of random forests model is 0.816 after tuning the parameter. In addition, the most important influence variable in this model is vehicle speed with an importance of 0.37. Duration time and warning hour also have significant influence on driver reaction, with values of 0.20 and 0.17, respectively. The results showed that commercial vehicle drivers’ acceptance of an FCW system decreases with the increase of vehicle speed. The response time for most cases is timely, usually within 2 s. And the response percentage is higher during daytime than at night. These regularities may be attributable to the larger size and heavier weight of commercial vehicles. The results of this study can help researchers to better understand the behavior of commercial vehicle drivers and to develop more effective FCW systems for commercial vehicles.
  •  
38.
  • Xue, Qingwen, et al. (författare)
  • Driving Style Recognition Incorporating Risk Surrogate by Support Vector Machine
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 231, s. 123-131
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Accurate driving style recognition is a crucial component for advanced driver assistance systems and vehicle control systems to reduce potential rear-end collision risk. This study aims to develop a driving style recognition method incorporating matching learning algorithms and vehicle trajectory data. A risk surrogate, Modified Margin to Collision (MMTC), is proposed to evaluate the collision risk level of each driver’s trajectory. Particularly, the traffic level is considered when labelling the driving style, while it has a great impact on driving preference. Afterwards, each driver’s driving style is labelled based on their collision risk level using the K-means algorithm. Driving behavior features, including acceleration, relative speed, and relative distance, are extracted from vehicle trajectory and processed by time-sequence analysis. Finally, Supporting Vector Machine (SVM) is applied to recognize driving style based on the extracted features and labelled data. The performance of Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) are also compared with SVM. The “leave-one-out” method is used to validate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed model. The results show that SVM over performs others with 91.7% accuracy. This recognition model could effectively recognize the aggressive driving style, which can better support ADAS.
  •  
39.
  • Yao, Baozhen, et al. (författare)
  • Dynamic Pricing for Mobile Charging Service Considering Electric Vehicles Spatiotemporal Distribution
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 356, s. 23-33
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • As mobile charging service has the advantages of flexible charging and simple operation, it is selected by more and more users of electric vehicles. However, due to the differences in road network density and traffic flow distribution, the uneven distribution of charging demand occurs in different regions. It reduces the service efficiency of mobile charging vehicles during the peak charging demand period, thus affecting the final revenue of operators. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a dynamic pricing strategy considering the spatiotemporal distribution of charging demand to induce users to transfer between different regions, which can alleviate the phenomenon that users wait too long during peak demand. In order to realize the city-level operation of mobile charging service, we divide the region into hexagons and make statistics on the charging demand in each region. The established demand updating model can reflect the impact of charging price on users’ charging behavior. Finally, we simulate the generation of charging demand in Haidian District, Beijing. According to the demand of each area, a thermodynamic diagram of charging demand is generated.
  •  
40.
  • Yao, Baozhen, et al. (författare)
  • LSTM-Based Vehicle Trajectory Prediction Using UAV Aerial Data
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 356, s. 13-21
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Accurately predicting the trajectory of a vehicle is a critical capability for autonomous vehicles (AVs). While human drivers can infer the future trajectory of other vehicles in the next few seconds based on information such as experience and traffic rules, most of the widely used Advance Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) need to provide better trajectory prediction. They are usually only of limited use in emergencies such as sudden braking. In this paper, we propose a trajectory prediction network structure based on LSTM neural networks, which can accurately predict the future trajectory of a vehicle based on its historical trajectory. Unlike previous studies focusing only on trajectory prediction for highways without intersections, our network uses vehicle trajectory data from aerial photographs of intersections taken by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The speed of vehicles at this location fluctuates more frequently, so predicting the trajectory of vehicles at intersections is of great importance for autonomous driving.
  •  
41.
  • Yi, Wen, et al. (författare)
  • Drone-Based Image Processing for Construction Site Safety, Transportation, and Progress Management
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 231, s. 21-26
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Construction plays a pivotal role in securing prosperity in many countries through the deployment of new infrastructure, as the need to deliver higher-quality products more efficiently and safely is stronger than ever. Current construction management primarily relies on human assessment due to lack of automated project data collection, communication or distribution of important information, and is often reactive to accidents, inefficiencies, and progress delays. This study will tackle these problems by developing a methodological framework on automated tracking, inspection, and monitoring to increase accessibility, efficiency and safety to improve infrastructure project delivery, which integrates cost-effective unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, or drones) data collection, real-time analysis and segmentation of UAV visual data, and proactive dynamic planning.
  •  
42.
  • Yu, Yang, et al. (författare)
  • To Investigate the Hidden Gap between Traffic Flow Fundamental Diagrams and the Derived Microscopic Car Following Models: A Theoretical Analysis
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 185, s. 89-98
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Traffic flow fundamental diagram, or simply speed–density relationship and/or flow–density relationship, is the basis of traffic flow theories and road performance studies since it depicts the mathematical relationship among three traffic flow fundamental parameters—density, speed, and traffic flow. In this paper, through mathematical analyses and simulations, we find that for all existing fundamental diagram models, their derived microscopic car following models do not perform well and cannot reproduce the status of the stable flow described by the corresponding fundamental diagrams. The results indicate that there seems to exist a hidden gap between existing traffic flow fundamental diagrams and the corresponding microscopic car following models. We further discuss about the fundamental causes behind such gap and propose a simple yet incomplete solution at the end of this paper.
  •  
43.
  • Yu, Yang, et al. (författare)
  • Towards Eliminating Overreacted Vehicular Maneuvers: Part I Model Development and Calibration
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 149, s. 135-143
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Microscopic car following models are of great importance to traffic flow studies and vehicular dynamics reproducing. The Full Velocity Difference (FVD) model is a well-known example with satisfactory simulation performances in most times. However, by analyzing the structure of the model formulas, we find that it can sometimes generate overreacted vehicular maneuvers such as unrealistically strong (overshooting for short) accelerations or decelerations that conflict with normal driver habits or even beyond the actual vehicular acceleration/deceleration performance, especially when the target vehicle encounter a leader cut-in or move out (leader lane change for short). As Part I of the entire research, this paper corrects the above deficiency of the FVD model by proposing a capped-Full Velocity Difference (capped-FVD) model in which we limit any potential overshooting accelerations or decelerations generated to a reasonable range. Then, all model parameters are also calibrated using field data. Performance comparative analyses to validate the performance improvement of the capped-FVD model are included in the other companion paper serving as Part II of this research.
  •  
44.
  • Yu, Yang, et al. (författare)
  • Towards Eliminating Overreacted Vehicular Maneuvers: Part II Comparative Analyses
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 149, s. 145-154
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • © 2019, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. Microscopic car following models are of great importance to traffic flow studies and vehicular dynamics reproducing. The Full Velocity Difference (FVD) model is a well-known example with satisfactory simulation performances in most times. However, by analyzing the structure of the model formula, we find that it can sometimes generate overreacted vehicular maneuvers such as unrealistically strong (overshooting for short) accelerations or decelerations that conflict with normal driver habits or even beyond the actual vehicular acceleration/deceleration performance, especially when the target vehicle encounter a leader cut-in or move-out (leader lane change for short). As Part II of the entire research, this paper conducts performance comparative analyses between the existing FVD model and the capped Full Velocity Difference (capped-FVD) model introduced in Part I of the research (the other companion paper) to address the above deficiency, and the results indicate that both models are equivalent in most times but the capped-FVD model will outperform the existing FVD model in aforementioned traffic scenarios since overreacted vehicular maneuvers (overshooting accelerations or decelerations) are totally eliminated. In other words, the aforementioned deficiency of the existing FVD model is totally corrected by the capped-FVD model and the capped-FVD model is a better choice for simulating vehicle movements in multi-lane roadways.
  •  
45.
  • Yuan, Ye, et al. (författare)
  • Smart Pavement: An Attention-Based Classification Model for Road Pavement Material
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 304 SIST, s. 133-140
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Intelligent recognition of traffic road damage is essential for realizing smart vehicles and intelligent transportation systems. The classification of road material types before recognition is a challenge for traffic road damage recognition due to differences in features such as concrete and asphalt. In addition, the widely distributed roads make environmental factors a critical factor affecting the classification. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based road material classification method that introduces an attention mechanism to deal with the influence of different environments on road material recognition. We acquired tens of thousands of road surface images for training and testing and performed practical validation in real roads. The experiments show that our method has high accuracy and recall in road material classification.
  •  
46.
  • Zeng, Ziling, 1995, et al. (författare)
  • Existing and Future Investigation of Charging Technology for Electric Bus
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 185, s. 19-27
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Bus fleet electrification achieves momentum and inspiration within public transport aiming at further improving the mobility sustainability. In many countries, such as Sweden, China, and the USA, there are several ongoing demonstration projects of electric buses and many research projects. The charging technology development and implication is key for the expansion of electric buses and to foster it. An investigation of characteristics and benefits of various existing and future charging technologies has been created in this paper. The main types of charging infrastructure are depot charging, station charging, and inductive charging. The choice of different types is highly related to infrastructure construction, investment, and daily operation. The detailed illustration and analysis of them can provide a solid foundation to the near-future large-scale electric buses’ operation.
  •  
47.
  • Zhang, Jian, et al. (författare)
  • A Leader-Based Vehicle Platoon Control Strategy at Signalized Intersections Considering Efficiency
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 185, s. 99-108
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this paper, we propose a leader-based control strategy for vehicle platoon at signalized intersections. The speed guidance which regards the states of followers and the signal phase and timing (SPaT) information is adopted for the leader of the platoon. The Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) with a piecewise policy is used to control the followers. The efficiency of the signalized intersection is specifically considered when constructing the control strategy. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy can control the vehicle platoon smoothly cross signalized intersections without stop and ensure the traffic efficiency simultaneously.
  •  
48.
  • Zhang, Jian, 1994, et al. (författare)
  • The Influences of Preceding Vehicle Taillights on Macro Traffic Flow
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 149, s. 125-133
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Previous studies have shown that preceding vehicle taillights can have influences on driving behavior. In this paper, we present a macroscopic traffic flow model that considers the front taillights to investigate the impacts of taillights on the evolutions of traffic flow in three typical states (i.e., shock waves, rarefaction waves, and small perturbations). The numerical results indicate that under the influence of preceding vehicle taillights the shock wave is smoother and the rarefaction wave is unchanged. The small perturbation can dissipate without amplification at moderate traffic flow density when the driver’s sensitivity to the taillights of the preceding vehicle is sufficiently large. The results indicate that more attention to the preceding vehicle taillights can enhance traffic safety and stability.
  •  
49.
  • Zhang, Le, et al. (författare)
  • Optimal Design of Mixed Charging Station for Electric Transit with Joint Consideration of Normal Charging and Fast Charging
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 231, s. 85-94
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this paper, we propose a bi-level model to optimize the design of mixed charging station deployed at the terminal station for electric transit. At the lower level, the service schedule and charging strategy of electric buses is optimized under the given design of mixed charging station. The lower-level model is a management optimization at the operational level, aiming at minimizing the total daily operational cost. The model is formulated as a mixed integer programing subject to limited charging facilities of multiple types. At the upper level, the design of charging station is optimized based upon the results obtained at the lower level. It is a kind of decision making at the tactical level, with the objective of minimizing the sum of operational cost of electric bus fleet (i.e., objective function of the lower-level model) and installation cost of charging infrastructure. We conducted numerical cases to validate the applicability of the proposed model and some managerial insights stemmed from the numerical case studies are discussed, which can help transit agencies design charging station scientifically.
  •  
50.
  • Zou, Yun, et al. (författare)
  • On the Impact of Emergency Incidents on the Freeway: A Full Velocity Difference (FVD) Model Based Four-Lane Traffic Dynamics Simulation
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 149, s. 165-174
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Freeway as a relatively close traffic system is extremely vulnerable to bottlenecks, especially those created by emergency incidents, such as traffic accident and vehicle breakdown. Usually, at least one lane will be either partially impacted or fully blocked. To have an in-depth understanding of the impact, we develop a four-lane traffic dynamic model and microscopically demonstrate the impact brought by bottlenecks on the freeway. We also incorporate a realistic FVD-based lane-changing trajectory by approximating the clothoid into cubic polynomials. Then, the lane-change cooperation can be realistically demonstrated as the time span of the lane change is not simplified as one simulation interval. By comparing the dynamic change of trajectories, we found that the communication with the preceding and the following vehicle of target lane are equally important to overall traffic performance.
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