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1.	Aggestam, Emil, 1992, et al. (författare) Simulation of vertical dynamic vehicle–track interaction – Comparison of two- and three-dimensional models 2020 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. ; , s. 415-422 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract By using an extended state-space vector approach, the vertical dynamic vehicle–track interaction between a railway vehicle and a slab track is simulated in the time domain. Both two- and three-dimensional track and vehicle models are considered. In the two-dimensional track model, the rail, panel and roadbed are modelled using Rayleigh‒Timoshenko beam elements. In the three-dimensional track model, the rails are modelled using Rayleigh–Timoshenko beam elements, whereas the panel and roadbed are modelled by 3D brick elements. Based on Python scripts, the parameterised three-dimensional track model is developed in Abaqus, from which the system matrices are exported to Matlab where the dynamic analysis is performed. In the presented numerical examples, similarities and differences between the two models are discussed, and it is highlighted in what scenarios the different models are feasible to employ.
2.	Berbyuk, Viktor, 1953 (författare) Towards the Limits of Vibration Attenuation in Drivetrain System by Torsional Dynamics Absorber 2020 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. - 9783030380762 ; 2020, s. 1574-1583 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Automotive industry drives development towards down-sized and down-speeded engines and higher cylinder pressure. This leads to increased torsional vibrations and therefore puts higher demands on the drivetrain vibration capabilities. The paper presents the results on the study of the limits of torsional dynamics absorbers for vibration attenuation in drivetrain systems obtained by using global sensitivity analysis and multiobjective optimization. The global sensitivity analysis comes with a mapping between the total sensitivity indices of the vibration attenuation measures of a drivetrain system and mass-inertia, stiffness and damping parameters of a torsional dynamics absorber. The multiobjective optimization is resulted in Pareto fronts showing the trade-off between the measures of vibration attenuation and energy losses making possible to identify the limits of the quality of performance of a torsional vibration absorber for a drivetrain system operating on a set of engine input loads. Detailed numerical results are presented on study of application of a dual mass flywheel for heavy-duty truck drivetrain systems in operating engine speed range up to 2000 rpm. The third engine order vibration harmonic is in focus of analysis as one of the most significant contribution to the oscillatory response in drivetrains of heavy-duty trucks.
3.	Campamà Pizarro, Rafael, et al. (författare) Simulating Energy Renovation Towards Climate Neutrality. Digital Workflows and Tools for Life Cycle Assessment of Collective Housing in Portugal and Sweden 2024 Ingår i: Architecture and Design for Industry 4.0 : Theory and Practice - Theory and Practice. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. - 9783031369247 - 9783031369223 ; Part F1562, s. 747-768 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract This chapter compares two digital workflows and tool selection for best practice renovation simulation in Portugal and Sweden. Both workflows are part of ongoing research projects that seek to provide a robust workflow adapted to different user needs and scale implementation. While in Portugal, the focus is on the building, the assessment is scaled up to the neighbourhood in Sweden. Geographic information systems datasets are used to streamline the modelling of buildings. The resulting models are used for the simulation and optimisation of renovation scenarios. These scenarios are evaluated as an equilibrium fit between user well-being (thermal and visual comfort), planet (entire carbon life cycle) and cost-effectiveness (energy and cost efficiency). The workflows presented are an example of computational architecture at work. Both workflows successfully interconnect different databases and disciplines to help the design teams and be a useful working tool for the different stakeholders in a renovation project. A complex context in which being flexible and transparent is necessary to make better and more informed decisions.
4.	Chen, Weitao, 1989, et al. (författare) An Architecture of Hardware and Driver in the Loop Simulation for Electric Power Assisted Steering System 2020 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. - 9783030380762 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper introduces an architecture for virtual development of electric power assisted steering (EPAS) system, which is implemented at Volvo Cars. The architecture involves an EPAS power pack rig and driver in the loop, so engineers can test both the ECU software and electric motor on a virtual prototype vehicle. Eective results are shown for tests in low-mid frequency and at mid-high vehicle speed. Currently, the high frequency and low speed test is still challenging due to vibration and instability, which should be addressed by the control improvement.
5.	Dashti, Fatemeh, 1991, et al. (författare) Finite Element Modelling of Tunnel Shielding in Vibration Measurements of Ground-Borne Noise 2024 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. ; 14th International Work-shop on Railway Noise, IWRN 2022, s. 723-730 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Several factors can affect vibration levels during transmission from a tunnel to the ground surface. This study investigates the effect of a tunnel cavity in bedrock with force excitation at the tunnel floor. The tunnel geometry affects the wave propagation around the tunnel and the directivity pattern of waves propagating to the ground surface. For instance, there is no direct propagation path of ground waves from the excitation in the tunnel floor to positions on the tunnel walls. The waves reaching the walls have been diffracted at the tunnel corners. This tunnel shielding effect is here investigated regarding sensor position and direction and directivity of wave propagation up to 1 kHz using the finite element method. An underground tunnel is modelled in 2D and 3D for a bedrock ground typical for Swedish conditions. The results show that the velocity levels at the tunnel floor are higher than at the tunnel wall. It is also shown that the tunnel shielding effect causes decreased vibration levels at mid-frequencies above the tunnel and significant level fluctuations, especially at higher frequencies. The results from the 3D modeling support the 2D results.
6.	Eriksson, Kristina M., 1976-, et al. (författare) Exploring Socially Sustainable, Smart Manufacturing : Building Bridges Over Troubled Waters 2024 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - : Springer. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. - 9783031381645 - 9783031381652 ; , s. 833-841 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Contemporary manufacturing organizations formulate strategies towards smart manufacturing. However, strategies often merely regard technological improvements of working processes and activities and pay limited attention to human-centric perspectives. This study addresses the complex phenomenon of reaching socially sustainable smart manufacturing by exploring the human-centric perspectives in the eras of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0. Data were collected through an explorative qualitative case study with focus groups applying the history wall approach to document informants’ choices of activities that impact digitalization. To investigate informants’ interpretations and experiences of digital initiatives and prospects, the history wall approach was coupled with the analytical lens of the co-workership wheel, with its four conceptual pairs: trust and openness, community spirit and cooperation, engagement and meaningfulness, responsibility, and initiative. A total of 17 informants from different organizational levels at a case company participated. Activities, impacting digitalization, brought forward were grouped into technology, organization, and external impact. Results showed that human-centric and intangible perspectives surfaced as prerequisites when navigating industrial digitalization. Further, digital initiatives and prospects risk drowning in re-occurring organizational changes making successful implementation difficult. Thus, organizations cannot rely solely on technology, but must consider activities related to organizational aspects and impacts from the external environment, when introducing digital initiatives. Intrinsically, recognition of the co-workership concept, emphasizing human-centricity, can support the foundation necessary for bridging the gap towards socially sustainable smart manufacturing and strengthening the emerging I5.0 research.
7.	Eriksson, Olle, 1967-, et al. (författare) Survey of Curve Squeal Occurrence for an Entire Metro System 2024 Ingår i: Noise and Vibration Mitigation for Rail Transportation Systems. - : Springer. - 9789819978519 - 9789819978526 ; 14th International Work-shop on Railway Noise, IWRN 2022, s. 483-490 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract The current work presents a statistical analysis based on data collected during approximately 1.5 years of regular operation by two vehicles equipped with an on-board noise monitoring system on the Stockholm metro. Data covers 379,776 passages through 143 curves with radii up to 1000 m. Binary logistic regression is used to investigate the importance of curve radius, vehicle speed, relative humidity, air temperature, rail grinding and vehicle individual on curve squeal. Curve squeal occurrence shows an inverse proportionality with respect to curve radius. This trend is particularly pronounced for curve radii below 600 m. The two vehicles accounted for in the study show differences in propensity to generate squeal. The influence of temperature and relative humidity, and their interaction, on curve squeal is described by an estimated response surface. Results show the occurrence of curve squeal to increase after rail grinding. No strong relationship between curve squeal occurrence and vehicle speed is identified.
8.	Fyhr, Pontus, et al. (författare) A Model for Energy Consumption in Heavy Vehicle Braking 2022 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. ; , s. 747-756 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract A model is presented for studying the energy used by the braking system in heavy vehicles. The aim is to keep the model as simple as possible, while retaining reasonable fidelity for the problem at hand. All actuators are thus created as ideal, i.e. no losses, then simple dissipative loads are added where applicable in order to capture their effects from a vehicle systems perspective. The vehicle itself is a simple point mass with a replaceable brake system actuator and a proportional speed controller. The model results capture the energy converted by the vehicle actuators with an error of less than 5% compared to the measured data, indicating that the model is capable of estimating the energy used by the two braking system variants, as well as the drivetrain, in other heavy vehicles and driving scenarios.
9.	Harinath, Preetham, et al. (författare) An Adapted Evasive Manoeuvre Assist Function for Over-Reactive and Under-Reactive Drivers 2020 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. - 9783030380762 ; , s. 1017-1026 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In the present paper, an Evasive Manoeuvre Assist (EMA) function is designed to adapt to dierent types of drivers, by an opti- mised steering torque overlay. The existing EMA function amplies the driver steering inputs using a feed-forward controller which might not necessarily help an over-reactive driver. There exists a need for an EMA which adapts to dierent drivers as it minimises the risk of collision and gives the driver an experience of good control. The focus of this pa- per is to identify and dene a proper steering sequence reference model for closed-loop feedback control design. A simple single-point preview model is designed rst to calculate the reference steering angle. A few test scenarios are set-up using the IPG CarMaker simulation tool. The reference model is then calibrated with respect to the amplitude and fre- quency of the steering sequence by simulations to obtain the optimal steering prole. A feedback controller is then designed using this refer- ence model. The robustness of the function is veried in real-time, using a Volvo rapid-prototype test vehicle.
10.	Hemachandran, E., et al. (författare) Bulk Acoustic Wave Activated Droplet Generation and Isolation 2023 Ingår i: Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power (Vol. 3)- Select Proceedings of FMFP 2021. - 2195-4364 .- 2195-4356. - 9789811962691 ; , s. 145-150 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract On-demand droplet generation from a continuously flowing stream of aqueous phase has profound applications in dropletbased microfluidics for rare event encapsulation studies. Here, we present acoustic relocation-based droplet generation from co-flowing immiscible fluids in an on-demand manner using bulk acoustic wave (BAW). After on-demand droplet generation, droplets are isolated using the same acoustic force resulted from BAW. Two different acoustic relocation regimes are observed, namely, stream to droplet relocation and stream to stream relocation regime. Our experimental observation reveals that to generate droplets from co-flowing fluids, the following conditions must be satisfied. First, the co-flowing immiscible stream should be maintained in acoustic relocation conditions (Cac > 1); Second, the capillary instability should be triggered during the relocation process, which happens at capillary numbers of the co-flowing fluids should be less than 0.2 (CaL and CaH < 0.2). Finally, using BAW microfluidic chip, droplets containing microparticle were produced ondemand from co-flowing streams wherein the microparticles are added in one of the phases.
11.	Kans, Mirka, 1971 (författare) Are We There Yet?—Looking at the Progress of Digitalization in Maintenance Based on Interview Studies Within the Swedish Maintenance Ecosystem 2024 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. ; , s. 557-568 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Industry 4.0 promises huge effects on industrial performance, once critical equipment is equipped with sensors and interconnected, and big data sets and digital twins are established that allows for advanced data analytics using machine learning, cognitive computing, and information visualization techniques. Maintenance is an area of industrial activities that would greatly benefit from the implementation of Industry 4.0. But how far has the digital transformation progress come? In 2018, an interview study was performed with 14 representatives within the maintenance ecosystem during the Nordic maintenance fare held in Gothenburg. A similar study was performed at the fare held in 2022, in which 22 actors representing system providers, computerized maintenance management suppliers, researchers, and educators participated. The aim of the studies was to get a broad view on maintenance in the digital era, covering topics like enabling technologies, challenges as well as opportunities. This paper reports on the similarities and differences in results from the two interview studies and draws conclusions on the progress and directions of the digitalization in maintenance. The findings suggest that the progress is rather slow. Data management and decision-making capabilities forms the basis for digitalization of maintenance. The focus on sensor technology has somewhat been reduced, while the prediction was that it would have increased. Instead, the ability to communicate and share information is stressed. Advanced analytical capabilities are foreseen to have a breakthrough in five years’ time, as well as technologies for data gathering and communication. The challenges are mainly the same, i.e., related to competence, leadership, and strategy. This suggests that, to enable the digital transformation, we should focus on the formulation of appropriate business cases and initiation of pilot studies, supporting the implementation process and involving all people in the change, and securing the competence and skills by training, education, and recruitment of young people to maintenance positions.
12.	Kans, Mirka, 1971-, et al. (författare) Data Driven Maintenance : A Promising Way of Action for Future Industrial Services Management 2022 Ingår i: International Congress and Workshop on Industrial AI 2021. IAI 2021. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030936389 - 9783030936396 ; , s. 212-223, s. 212-223 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Maintenance and services of products as well as processes are pivotal for achieving high availability and avoiding catastrophic and costly failures. At the same time, maintenance is routinely performed more frequently than necessary, replacing possibly functional components, which has negative economic impact on the maintenance. New processes and products need to fulfil increased environmental demands, while customers put increasing demands on customization and coordination. Hence, improved maintenance processes possess very high potentials, economically as well as environmentally. The shifting demands on product development and production processes have led to the emergency of new digital solutions as well as new business models, such as integrated product-service offerings. Still, the general maintenance problem of how to perform the right service at the right time, taking available information and given limitations is valid.The project Future Industrial Services Management (FUSE) project was a step in a long-term effort for catalysing the evolution of maintenance and production in the current digital era. In this paper, several aspects of the general maintenance problem are discussed from a data driven perspective, spanning from technology solutions and organizational requirements to new business opportunities and how to create optimal maintenance plans. One of the main results of the project, in the form of a simulation tool for strategy selection, is also described.
13.	Kans, Mirka, 1971-, et al. (författare) Mapping Maintenance Related Information Using the MIMOSA CRIS Standard : A Case Study Within Gravel Road Maintenance 2023 Ingår i: 16th WCEAM Proceedings. WCEAM 2022. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031254475 - 9783031254482 ; , s. 688-696, s. 688-696 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The efficient maintenance of gravel roads depends on digital tools and data as well as information systems adapted for specific needs while conforming with current standards for better interconnectivity. Within gravel road maintenance, cloud-based solutions are a key alternative. This because necessary information, such as road condition data, could be shared throughout the network and provide the opportunity to coordinate maintenance activities between stakeholders. Effective standards are essential since they permit various services with the ability to work together while at the same time supporting differences that ease competition and innovation. Among several maintenance standards, the OSA-CBM and MIMOSA CRIS database schema are intended for handling information exchange and communication within and between systems supporting condition-based maintenance. This paper tests the usability of these standards for translating context-dependent information into a standardized data set. The domain studied is gravel road maintenance. Critical data was gathered and elicited from different stakeholders and represented in the form of a conceptual information model. This paper exemplifies how the conceptual model could be mapped into a logical model with respect to the CRIS information model. The main results are in the form of a conceptual and logical information model for purposes of gravel road maintenance, as well as a procedure suggested for mapping the information model following specific steps. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
14.	Kinne, Marko, et al. (författare) Reconstructing Stress Resultants in Wind Turbine Towers Based on Strain Measurements 2021 Ingår i: Uncertainty in Mechanical Engineering - Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Uncertainty in Mechanical Engineering, ICUME 2021. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. - 9783030772567 - 9783030772550 ; , s. 224-235 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Support structures of offshore wind turbines are subject to cyclic stresses generated by different time-variant random loadings such as wind, waves, and currents in combination with the excitation by the rotor. In the design phase, the cyclic demand on wind turbine support structure is calculated and forecasted with semi or fully probabilistic engineering models. In some cases, additional cyclic stresses may be induced by construction deviations, unbalanced rotor masses and structural dynamic phenomena such as, for example, the Sommerfeld effect. Both, the significant uncertainties in the design and a validation of absence of unforeseen adverse dynamic phenomena necessitate the employment of measurement systems on the support structures. The quality of the measurements of the cyclic demand on the support structures depends on (a) the precision of the measurement system consisting of sensors, amplifier and data normalization and (b) algorithms for analyzing and converting data to structural health information. This paper presents the probabilistic modelling and analysis of uncertainties in strain measurements performed for the purposes of reconstructing stress resultants in wind turbine towers. It is shown how the uncertainties in the strain measurements affect the uncertainty in the individual components of the reconstructed forces and moments. The analysis identifies the components of the vector of stress resultants that can be reconstructed with sufficient precision.
15.	Klomp, Matthijs, 1976 (författare) Graphical Methods for Road Vehicle System Dynamics Analysis 2022 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. ; , s. 827-835 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This methods paper is an attempt to place a few of the classical vehicle dynamics analysis methods in a common framework and how the methods can be used in combination to analyze different aspects of the planar motion of road vehicles. The methods described are the handling diagram for analysis of the non-linear steady-state characteristics, the phase plane analysis method to analyse the dynamic characteristics of a particular fixed point (or several) and the Milliken moment method diagram. In summary these methods are used to analyse the planar motion of the vehicle. The purpose of this methods paper is to present each method in detail and how they can be computed using a common vehicle dynamics model. Furthermore, the relationship between different points in the different representations are presented.
16.	Koller, Jan, et al. (författare) Simulation-Based Analysis of (Reverse) Supply Chains in Circular Product-Service-Systems 2023 Ingår i: Manufacturing Driving Circular Economy: Proceedings of the 18th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing, October 5–7, 2022, Berlin. - Cham, Switzerland : Springer Nature Switzerland AG. - 2195-4364 .- 2195-4356. - 9783031288395 - 9783031288388 ; , s. 111-118 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract With an expected growth of global waste to 3.40 billion tonnes by 2050 and a circularity today of only 8.6% of the world, the earth's sustainable resources are being exploited beyond their regeneration capacity. Hence, it is necessary to step away from a take – make – dispose principal and transform from a linear towards a circular economy to close product cycles to optimize resource consumption and reduce waste. Product-Service-Systems (PSSs), based on multiple product life cycles combined with remanufacturing, offer a solution to close product cycles. In such PSS, the responsibility for returning, remanufacturing, and repairing used products remains with the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) and increases its need in (reverse) supply chain activities. Essential factors for (reverse) supply chains are, e.g., determining the distribution network, the location of recovery facilities, the geographical dispersion of the customers, and the information flows between the different stakeholders. In this context, this work proposes a multi-method simulation model to support practitioners in determining the optimal infrastructure for storing, remanufacturing, and repairing the used products regarding economic and ecological target criteria. The applicability of the proposed approach is illustrated through a case study of a white goods manufacturing company. This case study highlights the importance of determining the optimal infrastructure in a (reverse) supply chain in PSS business models.
17.	Kyvsgaard Hansen, Poul, et al. (författare) Benefits of Modularity Strategies - Implications of Decisions and Timing 2022 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. ; , s. 879-886 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Many companies are managing the complexity of customized products, such as product variants, by implementing product modularity strategy. The modular product structure supports in realizing the potential benefits if it is exploited in relation to customer needs (Market Dimension), configuring to process capabilities and thereby cost and quality (Process Dimension), and configuring to supply chain architecture and thereby speed and predictability in supply and delivery (Supply Chain Dimension). This paper introduces interactive training and learning methods that can reveal and exemplify the complex relationships between efforts and benefits when implementing modular strategies. This approach is comprised of a combination of two parts: a serious play and simulation. The resulting setup based on a real but simple industrial product, the LEGO Collectable Minifigure Series, has demonstrated that the potential qualitative benefits of a modular strategy can be hold up against a synchronized quantitative financial impact assessment. It has been possible to demonstrate the complexity of realizing potential benefits from a modular strategy. In particular, it has been visualized how short-term benefits can differ significant from long-term benefits.
18.	Lee, Dongpil, et al. (författare) Combined Lateral and Longitudinal Control with Variable Reference Path for Automated Driving 2020 Ingår i: Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. - 9783030380779 ; , s. 1114-1120 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper presents combined lateral and longitudinal trajectory control with variable reference path for autonomous vehicle. A longitudinal velocity controller is designed to determine whether the current velocity is appropriate for the real-time or planned path. A steering control algorithm has been constructed using Ackermann steering geometry based path tracking controller known as pure pursuit method. The pure pursuit algorithm calculates the steering angle using the characteristics of the Ackerman steering geometry of the vehicle. This algorithm is not suitable at high speed but robust against disturbance and is a good method to apply in normal autonomous driving situations. The risk of the current speed is analyzed through the predicted lateral acceleration. However, the predicted lateral acceleration will vary depending on the vehicle. Therefore, the accuracy of the predicted lateral acceleration is improved using an adaptive neural network algorithm. The proposed algorithm has been verified by computer simulation with two consecutive curvature roads in city driving. The verification results were quite satisfactory.
19.	Li, Xin, 1985, et al. (författare) Prediction of Vertical Dynamic Vehicle–Track Interaction and Sleeper–Ballast Contact Pressure in a Railway Crossing 2020 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. - 9783030380762 ; , s. 397-403 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The vertical dynamic vehicle–track interaction in a railway crossing is simulated in the time domain based on a moving Green’s function approach in combination with an implementation of Kalker’s variational method to solve the non-Hertzian, and potentially multiple, wheel–rail contact. The method is demonstrated by calculating the wheel–rail impact load and the sleeper–ballast contact pressure for a hollow-worn wheel profile passing over a nominal crossing geometry.
20.	Lidberg, Mathias R, 1970, et al. (författare) Directional Stability of a Front Wheel Drive Passenger Car with Preemptive Use of the Direction Sensitive Locking Differential (DSLD) 2020 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. ; , s. 1271-1277 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The topic of this paper is the bigger picture of vehicle dynamics and handling characteristics of cars, with a focus on driving safety. More specifically, the directional stability gain obtained using the semi-active differential (DSLD) is experimentally verified in transient steering maneuvers using a prototype in a FWD Saab 9-3 Aero. Stemming from the obvious need to enable low speed maneuvering, the open differential was developed already in the beginning of the automotive era and it has ever since maintained a position as the unquestioned solution almost irrespective of the driving situation. However, due to the inherent compromise between low speed maneuverability and high speed stability in road vehicle design, there are fundamental benefits of locking the differential more or less preemptively during for example expressway driving. In recent decades electronic stability control (ESC) has become the go-to solution to improve driving safety by increasing the directional stability in transient maneuvers. However, similar but significantly greater stability gains can be accomplished by utilizing controllable differentials. All in all this means that the mentioned inherent compromise between maneuverability and stability can be circumvented and the overall handling characteristics of cars can be fundamentally improved.
21.	Milosevic, Marko, 1991, et al. (författare) Demonstration of a Digital Twin Framework for Model-Based Operational Condition Monitoring of Crossing Panels 2022 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. ; , s. 95-105 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The wheel transition area in railway crossings is subjected to impact loads that cause an accumulation of structural degradation in crossing panels over time. This degradation leads to high maintenance costs and possibly traffic disturbances. There is therefore a demand from infrastructure managers to monitor the condition and predict maintenance needs for these assets without the need for regular on-site inspections. One solution for operational condition monitoring is to observe the structural response of the crossing under traffic loading via embedded accelerometers. From these measurements, relative changes in track dynamics over time can be observed. To derive a condition or predict maintenance needs, however, these measured accelerations need to be related to the status of the asset. A framework for this where measurement data, simulation models and maintenance history are combined to build an online model that can assess the status and predict future maintenance needs for a material asset is often called a Digital Twin. This paper will present a Digital Twin framework that uses measured accelerations, climate data, scanned running surface geometry and a multi-body simulation (MBS) model to estimate the status and degradation rate of crossing panels. Method developments for this framework are demonstrated for two in situ crossings.
22.	Nasrollahi, Kourosh, 1991, et al. (författare) Prediction of Differential Track Settlement in Transition Zones Using a Non-Linear Track Model 2022 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. ; , s. 282-292 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract An iterative simulation procedure for the prediction of differential settlement of ballast/subgrade in a transition zone between two track forms is presented. The procedure is based on a time-domain model of vertical dynamic vehicle–track interaction to calculate the contact loads between sleepers and ballast in the short-term, which are then used in an empirical model to determine the settlement of ballast/subgrade below each sleeper in the long-term. The procedure is applied for a transition zone between a 3MB slab track and a ballasted track. Each sleeper in the ballasted track section is modelled by a discrete (rigid) mass. Non-linear sleeper support conditions and the possible development of hanging sleepers over time due to settlement are considered. For heavy-haul traffic, the influence of axle load and train speed on the long-term settlement at the transition is studied in a demonstration example.
23.	Noori Asiabar, Aria, et al. (författare) On the Control Allocation Performance of Longer Combination Vehicles 2022 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. ; , s. 757-766 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper investigates the hierarchical vehicle dynamics control performance for path-following of a longer combination vehicle. The vehicle, an A-double, has four units – tractor, two semi-trailers and a dolly between the trailers. In the upper-level, LQR control is used to command the total forces and moments (virtual control inputs - V) for path-following. The lower level uses a weighted pseudo-inverse control allocation method to distribute the desired virtual controls to the multiple steering axles. It is found that there is a degree of redundancy in the definition of the V, and the paper focuses on the effects of choosing different sets of V on vehicle responses. It is found that the magnitude of constraint forces at the articulation joints and the robustness of the response are both heavily influenced by the choice of V. The evaluation is carried out by simulation using both linear and high-fidelity truck models.
24.	Pieringer, Astrid, 1979, et al. (författare) Transient Modelling of Curve Squeal Considering Varying Contact Conditions 2024 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - : Springer. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. ; 14th International Work-shop on Railway Noise, IWRN 2022, s. 491-499, s. 491-499 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Modelling railway curve squeal poses a challenge since the phenomenon is non-linear, transient and complex. This work focusses on the transient effects of varying contact parameters on curve squeal. A previously developed high-frequency tool for the simulation of curve squeal in the time domain during quasi-static curving is extended to account for transient curving and connected to a software for the low-frequency vehicle dynamics. An application of the model demonstrates that time-varying contact parameters such as contact position, lateral creepage, and friction coefficient can lead to an on-and offset of squeal. The history of the wheel/rail dynamics can also have an influence on the occurrence of squeal and the selection of the squeal frequency.
25.	Pålsson, Björn, 1981 (författare) A Parameterized Turnout Model for Simulation of Dynamic Vehicle-Turnout Interaction with an Application to Crossing Geometry Assessment 2020 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. ; , s. 351-358 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper presents a parameterized structural track model for the simulation of dynamic vehicle-turnout interaction in a multi body simulation environment. The model is demonstrated by performing simulations for different vehicle speeds, crossing geometries and fixations between crossing rail and sleepers with different stiffness. Results are presented for dynamic wheel-rail contact forces, bending moments in crossing rail and sleepers and sleeper-ballast contact pressure. The main conclusions are that (a) the peak dynamic bending moment in the sleeper under the crossing transition is significantly higher with a stiff direct fixing compared to a softer indirect fixing and (b) the structural loading in terms of bending moment in the crossing rail, bending moment in the underlaying sleeper and sleeper-ballast contact pressure increases proportionally and significantly with increased impact angle and vehicle speed for wheels passing over the crossing transition.
26.	Rahman, Shammi, et al. (författare) Improved Lateral Performance of a Long Combination Vehicle Based on Artificial Flow Guidance 2022 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. ; , s. 726-735 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract An active steering control strategy was formulated to improve the offtracking and high-speed stability of an autonomously driven long combination vehicle, a Nordic combination, which is formed of three units - a truck, a dolly, and a semitrailer. The controller, designed using a new Artificial Flow Guidance (AFG) method, was seen to significantly improve the lateral performance of the actively steered vehicle at a broad range of speeds. In comparison with the conventional vehicle where only the front axle of the truck is steered, and for the scenarios considered, the controller eliminated steady-state offtracking when all axles were allowed to steer. Stability was also improved, with rearward amplification (RWA) of the semitrailer reduced from 1.47 to 1.00. The effect of steering a reduced number of the axles was also considered and it was seen that for low-speed maneuvers, compared to the conventional vehicle, offtracking could be reduced by 72% when the rear axles of the semitrailer are actively steered. At higher speeds, actively steering the dolly axles alone is sufficient to supress the RWA from 1.47 to 1.02.
27.	Ramasamy, Sudha, 1974-, et al. (författare) Online Path Planning in a Multi-agent-Controlled Manufacturing System 2023 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Cham : Springer. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. ; , s. 124-134 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In recent years the manufacturing sectors are migrating from mass production to mass customization. To be able to achieve mass customization, manufacturing systems are expected to be more flexible to accommodate the different customizations. The industries which are using the traditional and dedicated manufacturing systems are expensive to realize this transition. One promising approach to achieve flexibility in their production is called Plug & Produce concept which can be realized using multi-agent-based controllers. In multi-agent systems, parts and resources are usually distributed logically, and they communicate with each other and act as autonomous agents to achieve the manufacturing goals. During the manufacturing process, an agent representing a robot can request a path for transportation from one location to another location. To address this transportation facility, this paper presents the result of a futuristic approach for an online path planning algorithm directly implemented as an agent in a multi-agent system. Here, the agent systems can generate collision-free paths automatically and autonomously. The parts and resources can be configured with a multi-agent system in the manufacturing process with minimal human intervention and production downtime, thereby achieving the customization and flexibility in the production process needed.
28.	Sekulic, Dragan, 1976, et al. (författare) Effect of floating bridge motion on vehicle ride comfort and road grip 2020 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. ; , s. 1416-1424 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of floating bridge motion on bus driver’s ride comfort and road grip for the straight concept solution across Bjørnafjorden. For this investigation 3 degrees of freedom (DOF) bus model is defined for numerical simulation. Bus model has been excited by vertical motion of the bridge for four different bus speeds. Ride comfort has been assessed according to method and criteria proposed by International ISO 2631/1997 standard. For road grip assessing Dynamic Load Coefficient (DLC) has been used. It has been concluded that on floating bridge ‘little uncomfortable’ ISO 2631 criteria is reached at lower bus speed comparing to stationary ground road. Higher values of DLC for the case of floating bridge points out higher variation in vertical tyre forces (worse road grip). For bus speed at 90 km/h, DLC for floating bridge is approximately 0.08 which is 7% higher value comparing it to the case of stationary road.
29.	Skrypnyk, Rostyslav, 1991, et al. (författare) Prediction of Long-Term Damage in Railway Crossings Accounting for Variability in Dynamic Traffic Loads 2020 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. ; 2020, s. 376-381 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract A multidisciplinary methodology for the prediction of long-term damage in a railway crossing is demonstrated by simulating the plastic deformation and wear after 1.5 MGT of traffic. The results are compared with field measurements, and a good qualitative agreement is observed. Potential reasons for discrepancies are discussed. Additionally, a parameter study is performed, where the results suggest that assuming the vehicle–track dynamics is constant in the short term for a number of wheel passages is a reasonable approach to reduce the computational effort.
30.	Svensson, Bo, 1959-, et al. (författare) P-SOP Agent Generator for Flexible Manufacturing 2013 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Heidelberg : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. - 9783319005560 - 9783319005577 ; 7, s. 341-353 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In a flexible manufacturing industry the production planner may need to make an updated description of the control strategy every day. The description contains all possible routing paths and is based on actual circumstances. It varies depending on, e.g., rebalancing due to market changes, scheduling of available operators, introduction of new parts, and rerouting due to a machine break down or planned service. A Part oriented Sequence of Operation (P-SOP) description language has been formulated to assist the production planner to be able to handle these flexible manufacturing scenarios. Multi-agents to control the manufacturing are automatically generated from the P-SOP description language. The P-SOP agent generator creates IEC 61131-3 PLC code that can be executed on standard PLC’s. An agent consists of a head, a communicator and a body. The head and the communicator are the automatically generated part with a predefined interface against the physical body, e.g., the mechanical/electrical structure of a robot. This feature eliminates the need for an external expert in PLC programming. The head contains many small sub-sequences for all operations that are defined for the specific body. The purpose of the communicator is to communicate with surrounding neighbour agents to form a multi-agent system. The formulated language and the P-SOP agent generator has been successfully tested and evaluated in an industrial environment.
31.	Theyssen, Jannik, 1991, et al. (författare) Optimizing Components in the Rail Support System for Dynamic Vibration Absorption and Pass-By Noise Reduction 2024 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. - 9789819978519 ; Noise and Vibration Mitigation for Rail Transportation Systems, s. 673-681 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The rail pad stiffness is central in the conflict of interest between reducing airborne noise or track loads. Slab tracks typically have a low rail pad stiffness. This study explores two-stage elastic rail supports for slab tracks as a means to reduce noise while not increasing the track loads and hence ground vibrations. In a time-domain simulation, track forces and noise radiation are compared for several setups with parametrized rail support components. The results show that (I) the rail pad stiffness is the major lever for adjusting the radiated sound power, (II) the lower stiffness is important for adjusting the rolling contact forces and load on the track components, and (III) that optimizing for a lower sound power generally produces higher rolling contact forces.
32.	Thöns, Sebastian, et al. (författare) On Uncertainty, Decision Values and Innovation 2021 Ingår i: Uncertainty in Mechanical Engineering - Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Uncertainty in Mechanical Engineering, ICUME 2021. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. - 9783030772567 - 9783030772550 ; , s. 252-263 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper contains a description, an alignment and a joint approach for technology readiness development with a three phases support of decision value analyses. The three phases are separated into the decision value forecasting, decision value analysis and the technology value quantification supporting the technological concept formulation and experimental testing, the prototype development and the technology qualification and operation. Decision value forecasting allows technology development guidance by technology performance requirements and the value creation even before the technology development is started. This approach is exemplified with load, damage and resistance information based integrity management of a structure and the ranking of the different strategies. The results can be used to guide a technology screening for matching with performance characteristics in terms of precision, cost and employability. Moreover, the first estimate of value creation of the technology for stakeholders, business models and market evaluation is provided.
33.	Torinsson, Juliette, 1991, et al. (författare) Joint Optimization of Transmission and a Control Allocator to Minimize Power Losses in Electric Vehicles 2022 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. ; , s. 1144-1153 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The objective of this paper is to explore the potential of combining hardware and software design parameters in the optimization for reduced energy consumption in an electric vehicle. The vehicle used has four electric motors connected to one wheel each through a single speed transmission and a controllable coupling. The software design parameter consists of a control allocator based on a quadratic optimization program that distributes torque and wheel angle to minimize power losses in the electric motors, inverters, transmission and tires. The control allocation algorithm is then used in combination with the hardware design parameters, consisting of a controllable coupling and different transmission ratio setups between front and rear motors, in order to evaluate the joint effect on energy consumption. It was found that the energy consumption can be reduced by 8.4 % compared to equal torque distribution on all wheels.
34.	Torstensson, Peter, 1981, et al. (författare) Rail Acceleration Induced by Train Pass-by—Field Measurements and Validation of a Simulation Model 2022 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. ; , s. 302-311, s. 302-311 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The applicable frequency range of an existing code for simulation of vertical dynamic vehicle–track interaction is extended by implementation of a more advanced track model that includes the rail modelled by solid three-dimensional finite elements. In this paper, a previous validation of the software with respect to magnitudes of dynamic wheel–rail contact forces is supplemented by a comparison of measured and simulated rail accelerations at train pass-by. To this end, data collected as part of an extensive field measurement campaign related to the adaptation of the software CNOSSOS-EU to conditions on the Swedish railway infrastructure is used. In particular, the dataset includes measurements of track receptance, rail roughness, wheel out-of-roundness and pass-by rail acceleration. The results calculated when using a simplified two-dof mass-spring-damper wheelset model and a track model accounting for the rail by Rayleigh–Timoshenko beam elements show good agreement with those obtained for more advanced wheelset and track models deploying three-dimensional solid finite elements.
35.	Wachter, Erik, et al. (författare) Path Control in Limits of Vehicle Handling: A Sensitivity Analysis 2020 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. ; , s. 1089-1095 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Sensitivity analysis of a feedback-feedforward steering controller for lateral path tracking whilst the vehicle operates in limit handling is the main objective of this paper. The sensitivity analysis is executed by simulation and the effectiveness of the controller is evaluated in a test vehicle on a low friction skid pad. The results demonstrate that the controller is capable to achieve robust path tracking in limit handling condition for the variety of driving conditions with sufficient stability.
36.	Yang, Derong, 1985, et al. (författare) The influence of tyre lateral force for control allocation of yaw torque 2020 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. ; , s. 1536-1542 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The present paper provides a thorough analysis and reveals the yaw torque generated by tyre lateral forces, due to the well-known combined slip effect. The indirect yaw torque here is captured by a tyre model simplifiation designed for the real-time control allocation purpose. Experiments were carried out by a driving robot, controlling steering wheel, gas and brake pedal at various manoeuvres. The test vehicle is equipped with high precision measurement-wheel mounted at each wheel. It was found that the simplified model correlates with the experimental results, where the relation between the wheel torque distribution of front/rear axles and the yaw torque generated by tyre lateral forces are highly dependent on the vehicle lateral acceleration and drive torque request.
37.	Yi, Xiaojian (författare) A Review on Safety Management Strategies: Theory and Practical Application of Lithium-Ion Power Batteries 2024 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. ; , s. 149-158 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Battery safety in electric vehicles is a comprehensive engineering endeavor that requires meticulous consideration at every stage, including battery materials, battery pack design, and battery management systems (BMS). This review focuses on safety management strategies and practical applications of lithium-ion power batteries. The management of battery safety primarily encompasses charge and discharge safety, high-voltage safety, and thermal safety. Among these, charge and discharge safety management aims to prevent battery damage or safety incidents caused by overcharge or over discharge. High-voltage safety management involves detecting insulation faults, overcurrent, and other potential risks to prevent electrical hazards. Thermal safety management ensures individual battery cells, modules, and the battery pack maintain an optimal operating temperature range and uniform temperature distribution, thereby preventing thermal runaway.
38.	Zhang, Dongjie, et al. (författare) A Research of Different Energy Management Strategies of Lithium-ion Battery-Ultracapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System 2024 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. ; , s. 1091-1102 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Given the exacerbating effect of fossil fuel use in conventional vehicles on the greenhouse effect, the imperative development of electric vehicle technology becomes evident. To address the high energy and power density demands of electric vehicles, a lithium-ion battery-ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system proves effective. This study, utilizing ADVISOR and Matlab/Simulink, employs an electric vehicle prototype for modeling and simulating both logic threshold and fuzzy logic control strategies. It aims to analyze the average output power and state of charge (SOC) of the lithium-ion battery, as well as the SOC of the ultracapacitor, within hybrid energy storage systems governed by these differing strategies. The findings indicate that the fuzzy logic control strategy results in a reduction of 2.73 kW in the average output power of the lithium-ion battery and a 20% increase in the SOC drop rate of the ultracapacitor compared to the logic threshold control strategy. Under the logic threshold control strategy, lithium-ion batteries demonstrate superior output stability, albeit within a broader amplitude range. Conversely, the fuzzy logic control strategy maximizes the utilization of ultracapacitors but leads to frequent fluctuations in the output power of lithium-ion batteries, thereby exhibiting reduced stability. These results underscore the inherent trade-offs between stability and utilization efficiency in hybrid energy storage systems for electric vehicles under different control strategies. The selection of a control strategy should be contingent upon specific performance priorities and objectives within the context of electric vehicle design and operation.
39.	Zhu, Shenjin, 1970, et al. (författare) An Investigation of Longitudinal Tyre Force Observation for Slip Control System Development 2020 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. ; , s. 1607-1615 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Longitudinal tyre force is needed in the feedback control systems for enhancing the decelerating and accelerating properties of road vehicles. There lacks means for its direct measurement. This paper presents a longitudinal tyre force observer, designed on wheel rotating dynamics using the conventional linear control systems theory with wheel speed and drive/brake torque. The observer is formulated firstly in continuous-time and then converted to an implementable form in discrete-time for compatibility with digital electronic control units (ECUs). The effectiveness and applicability of the observer are investigated using numerical simulations and road testing of an 8x4 Volvo truck with each wheel equipped with an ECU consisting of, in C-code, a robust slip control system, a tyre-road friction estimator, a brake pressure observer and the longitudinal tyre force observer for application in an intelligent brake system. The robustness of the observer to parametric uncertainties, e.g., the inertia of moment, effective radius, and brake gain of the wheel, is also examined.
40.	Gustafsson, Göran, 1955, et al. (författare) A National Academic-Industrial Research Program with an Integrated Graduate Research School 2013 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering: 4th International Conference on Research into Design, ICoRD'13. Global Product Development, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 7-9 January 2013. - India : Springer India. - 2195-4356. - 9788132210504 ; , s. 1117-1127 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract ProViking is a successful Swedish twelve-year research program in product development and production. Rather than to stimulate the emergence of new companies, it aims at strengthening the existing Swedish industry by producing scientific results at the highest international level and Ph.D.’s for work in the industry. ProViking comprises a large number of research projects, jointly run by universities and industrial companies, and a national graduate school which provides courses for the Ph.D. students that work in the projects. The total ProViking budget is close to 110 M€, of which 43 M€ is supplied by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research and the rest by the industrial project partners. Since the program started in 2002, forty-one different research projects have so far resulted in several hundred conferences and journal papers. Some fifteen patents have either been granted or have applications pending as a result of the research, and almost one hundred Ph.D.’s have graduated.
41.	Sundén, Bengt (författare) Preface 2019 Ingår i: Hydrogen, Batteries and Fuel Cells. - 2195-4356. - 9780128169506 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)

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