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Sökning: L773:2211 2855 OR L773:2211 3282

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1.
  • Alluri, Nagamalleswara Rao, et al. (författare)
  • Crystallinity modulation originates ferroelectricity like nature in piezoelectric selenium
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 95
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Modern room temperature ferroelectrics/piezoelectrics significantly impact advanced nanoelectronics than conventional chemical compounds. Changes in crystallinity modulation, long-range order of atoms in metalloids permits the design of novel materials. The ferroelectric like nature of a single element (selenium, Se) is demonstrated via in-plane (E perpendicular to(ar) to the Se helical chains in micro-rod (MR)) and out-of-plane (E parallel to(el) to the Se helical chains in MR) polarization. Atomic electron microscopy shows large stacks of covalently bound Se atoms in a c-axis orientation for tip bias voltage-dependent switchable domains with a 180 degrees phase and butterfly displacement curves. The single crystalline Se MR has a high in-plane piezoelectric coefficient of 30 pm/V relative to polycrystalline samples due to larger grains, crystal imperfections in MR, and tuned helical chains. The energy conversion of a single Se-MR demonstrated via d(13), d(12) (or d(15)) piezoelectric modes.
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2.
  • Araujo, Rafael B., et al. (författare)
  • High-entropy alloy catalysts : Fundamental aspects, promises towards electrochemical NH3 production, and lessons to learn from deep neural networks
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 105
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A computational approach to judiciously predict high-entropy alloys (HEAs) as an efficient and sustainable material class for the electrochemical reduction of nitrogen is here presented. The approach employs density functional theory (DFT), adsorption energies of N atoms and N2 molecules as descriptors of the catalytic activity and deep neural networks. A probabilistic approach to quantifying the activity of HEA catalysts for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is described, where catalyst elements and concentration are optimized to increase the probability of specific atomic arrangements on the surfaces. The approach provides key features for the effective filtering of HEA candidates without the need for time-consuming calculations. The relationships between activity and selectivity, which correlate with the averaged valence electron concentration and averaged electronegativity of the reference HEA catalyst, are analyzed in terms of sufficient interaction for sustained reactions and, at the same time, for the release of the active site. As a result, a complete list of 3000 HEAs consisting of quinary components of the elements Mo, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn are reported together with their metrics to rank them from the most likely to the least likely active catalysts for NRR in gas diffusion electrodes, or for the case where non-aqueous electrolytes are utilized to suppress the competing hydrogen evolution reaction. Moreover, the energetic landscape of the electrochemical NRR transformations are computed and compared to the case of Fe. The study also analyses and discusses how the results would translate to liquid-solid reactions in aqueous electrochemical cells, further affected by changes in properties upon hydroxylation, oxygen, hydrogen, and water coverages.
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3.
  • Aslam, Muhammad Kashif, et al. (författare)
  • How to avoid dendrite formation in metal batteries : Innovative strategies for dendrite suppression
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 86
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • With increasing the diversity of electronic/electric appliances and large-scale energy storage systems, highenergy-density based device technology has been in great demand. Meanwhile, for developing of high-voltage and high-capacity cathode, the use of metals including lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), or zinc (Zn) is quite impressive to replace the traditional anodes with low capacity upper limit such as graphite, silicon carbon, and hard carbon which is considered as "holy grail" strategy to explore high-energy density systems. However, these so-called metal batteries (MBs) also face many thorny issues including high anode reactivity, dendritic growth, and high safety risks. Among all these muddle, the dendrite growth is quite sever issue and has attracted much attention of many recognized materials scientist and battery researchers. The formation of dendrite increase the surface area of metal anodes, induce the rupture and reconstruction of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film, which is likely to accelerate the excessive consumption of electrolyte and the formation of dead metals. Consequently, battery lose its capability and short circuit produced which causes serious safety issues. Therefore, it is badly needed to inhibit or even eliminate the formation of dendrites during the repeated charge and discharge process to find advanced and fast battery technology. In this review, we summarize the basic mechanistic theoretical models about dendrites formation and their effects on the battery performance. Moreover, we recapitulate the reported literature about dendrites concept and their solution from battery invention to its modernism for smart electric appliances and zero emission electric vehicles. Besides, perspective of interface energy/volume stress, several innovative strategies for restraining, regulating and eliminating dendrites are also part of this review. Finally, perspectives conclusions for the development of MBs about dendrite level are given for the progress of future battery science.
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4.
  • Banerjee, Amitava, et al. (författare)
  • Identifying the tuning key of disproportionation redox reaction in terephthalate : A Li-based anode for sustainable organic batteries
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 47, s. 301-308
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The ever-increasing consumption of energy storage devices has pushed the scientific community to realize strategies toward organic electrodes with superior properties. This is owed to advantages such as economic viability and eco-friendliness. In this context, the family of conjugated dicarboxylates has emerged as an interesting candidate for the application as negative electrodes in advanced Li-ion batteries due to the revealed thermal stability, rate capability, high capacity and high cyclability. This work aims to rationalize the effects of small molecular modifications on the electrochemical properties of the terephthalate anode by means of first principles calculations. The crystal structure prediction of the investigated host compounds dilithium terephthalate (Li2TP) and diethyl terephthalate (Et2Li0TP) together with their crystal modification upon battery cycling enable us to calculate the potential profile of these materials. Distinct underlying mechanisms of the redox reactions were obtained where Li2TP comes with a disproportionation reaction while Et2Li0TP displays sequential redox reactions. This effect proved to be strongly correlated to the Li coordination number evolution upon the Li insertion into the host structures. Finally, the calculations of sublimation enthalpy inferred that polymerization techniques could easily be employed in Et2Li0TP as compared to Li2TP. Similar results are observed with methyl, propyl, and vinyl capped groups. That could be a strategy to enhance the properties of this compound placing it into the gallery of the new anode materials for state of art Li-batteries.
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5.
  • Banerjee, Debashree, et al. (författare)
  • Elevated thermoelectric figure of merit of n-type amorphous silicon by efficient electrical doping process
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 44, s. 89-94
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The currently dominant thermoelectric (TE) materials used in low to medium temperature range contain Tellurium that is rare and mild-toxic. Silicon is earth abundant and environment friendly, but it is characterized by a poor TE efficiency with a low figure of merit, ZT. In this work, we report that ZT of amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin films can be enhanced by 7 orders of magnitude, reaching ∼0.64 ± 0.13 at room temperature, by means of arsenic ion implantation followed by low-temperature dopant activation. The dopant introduction employed represents a highly controllable doping technique used in standard silicon technology. It is found that the significant enhancement of ZT achieved is primarily due to a significant improvement of electrical conductivity by doping without crystallization so as to maintain the thermal conductivity and Seebeck coefficient at the level determined by the amorphous state of the silicon films. Our results open up a new route towards enabling a-Si as a prominent TE material for cost-efficient and environment-friendly TE applications at room temperature.
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6.
  • Bayrak Pehlivan, Ilknur, et al. (författare)
  • Electrochromic solar water splitting using a cathodic WO3 electrocatalyst
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 81
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Solar-driven water splitting is an emerging technology with high potential to generate fuel cleanly and sustainably. In this work, we show that WO3 can be used as a cathodic electrocatalyst in combination with (Ag,Cu) InGaSe2 solar cell modules to produce hydrogen and provide electrochromic functionality to water splitting devices. This electrochromic effect can be used to monitor the charge state or performance of the catalyst for process control or for controlling the temperature and absorbed heat due to tunable optical modulation of the electrocatalyst. WO3 films coated on Ni foam, using a wide range of different sputtering conditions, were investigated as cathodic electrocatalysts for the water splitting reaction. The solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency of solar-driven water electrolysis was extracted using (Ag,Cu)InGaSe2 solar cell modules with a cell band gap varied in between 1.15 and 1.25 eV with WO3 on Ni foam-based electrolyzers and yielded up to 13% STH efficiency. Electrochromic properties during water electrolysis were characterized for the WO3 films on transparent substrate (indium tin oxide). Transmittance varied between 10% and 78% and the coloration efficiency at a wavelength of 528 nm and the overpotential of 400 mV was 40 cm(2) C-1. Hydrogen ion consumption in ion intercalation for electrochromic and hydrogen gas production for water electrolysis processes was discussed.
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7.
  • Benetti, Daniele, et al. (författare)
  • Hole-extraction and photostability enhancement in highly efficient inverted perovskite solar cells through carbon dot-based hybrid material
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 62, s. 781-790
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We report the effect of the integration of carbon dots (Cdots) in high-performance inverted planar-heterojunction (PHJ) perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We used Cdots to modify the hole-transport layer in planar PSC devices. By introducing Cdots on graphene oxide (GO) as hole-transporting layer, the efficiency of the PSC improved significantly from 14.7% in the case of bare GO to 16.2% of the best device with optimized Cdots content. When applying Cdots with an engineered absorption in the UV range as downshifting layer, the device performance was further improved, attaining a maximum PCE of 16.8% (+14%); the stability of the device was also enhanced of more than 20%. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were employed to analyze the electronic band alignment at the interface between GO/Cdots and the perovskite film. Holes were extracted and transferred to the conductive substrate more efficiently in the presence of Cdots, thus delaying charge recombination. Photoluminescence (PL), transient PL decays and transient photovoltage (TPV) decays investigated the charge-transfer kinetics and proved the retardation of charge recombination. This work reveals an effective enhancement of the performance of planar PSCs by using Cdots/GO as hole transport material.
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8.
  • Bi, Zhaozhao, et al. (författare)
  • Individual nanostructure optimization in donor and acceptor phases to achieve efficient quaternary organic solar cells
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : ELSEVIER. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 66
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Fullerene derivative (PC71BM) and high crystallinity molecule (DR3TBDTT) are employed into PTB7-Th:FOIC based organic solar cells (OSCs) to cooperate an individual nanostructure optimized quaternary blend. PC71BM functions as molecular adjuster and phase modifier promoting FOIC forming "head-to-head" molecular packing and neutralizing the excessive FOIC crystallites. A multi-scale modified morphology is present thanks to the mixture of FOIC and PC71BM while DR3TBDTT disperses into PTB7-Th matrix to reinforce donors crystal-linity and enhance domain purity. Morphology characterization highlights the importance of individually optimizated nanostructures for donor and acceptor, which contributes to efficient hole and electron transport toward improved carrier mobilities and suppressed non-geminated recombination. Therefore, a power conversion efficiency of 13.51% is realized for a quaternary device which is 16% higher than the binary device (PTB7-Th:FOIC). This work demonstrates that utilizing quaternary strategy for simultaneous optimization of donor and acceptor phases is a feasible way to realize high efficient OSCs.
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9.
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10.
  • Chen, Libo, et al. (författare)
  • Artificial tactile peripheral nervous system supported by self-power transducers
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 82
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The tactile peripheral nervous system innervating human hands, which is essential for sensitive haptic exploration and dexterous object manipulation, features overlapped receptive fields in the skin, arborization of peripheral neurons and many-to-many synaptic connections. Inspired by the structural features of the natural system, we report a supersensitive artificial slowly adapting tactile afferent nervous system based on the triboelectric nanogenerator technology. Using tribotronic transistors in the design of mechanoreceptors, the artificial afferent nervous system exhibits the typical adapting behaviours of the biological counterpart in response to mechanical stimulations. The artificial afferent nervous system is self-powered in the transduction and event-driven in the operation. Moreover, it has inherent proficiency of neuromorphic signal processing, delivering a minimum resolvable dimension two times smaller than the inter-receptor distance which is the lower limit of the dimension that existing electronic skins can resolve. These results open up a route to scalable neuromorphic skins aiming at the level of human?s exceptional perception for neurorobotic and neuroprosthetic applications.
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11.
  • Choi, Jae Won, et al. (författare)
  • Interface-driven seebeck effect in two-dimensional trilayer-stacked PtTe2/MoS2/MoS2 heterostructures via electron-electron interactions
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 115
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Two-dimensional (2D) platinum telluride (PtTe2), which is one of the promising metallic transition metal dichalcogenides, has been proven as an essential candidate for electronic devices, magnetic devices, type-II Dirac fermions, topological superconductors, and other optoelectronic applications. However, the formation and thermal transport as important thermoelectric (TE) device applications have not been realized in large-area 2D PtTe2 films due to their semi-metallic properties. Here, we report an innovative approach to enhance the in-plane TE power factors by piling the metallic PtTe2 films on high-resistance (> 10 MO) intrinsic MoS2 films to form bilayer-PtTe2/MoS2 (5 nm/7 nm)//sapphire and trilayer-PtTe2/MoS2/MoS2 (5 nm/7 nm/7 nm)//sapphire heterostructures via wet-transfer stacking method. Such approaches can be achieved by utilizing 2D/2D heterostructure to increase the electron effective mass due to the strong electron-electron interaction at interface under temperature gradient along the samples and ultimately increase Seebeck coefficients via interface-driven Seebeck effect along with a metallic high-conductivity top-PtTe2 films. The trilayer-stacked PtTe2/MoS2/MoS2 heterostructures exhibit an extremely high Seebeck coefficient of 21.6 mu V/K and power factor of similar to 0.2 mW/m.K-2, which are 231 % and similar to 727 %, higher than those of the metallic 5-nm-thick single PtTe2 film on the sapphire substrate, respectively. Our new physics and observation can pave the way toward an effective strategy for understating 2D/2D TMDC heterostructure materials for high Fig.-of-merit TE energy harvesting devices.
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12.
  • Dai, Hao, et al. (författare)
  • < 50-mu m thin crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells with dopant-free carrier-selective contacts
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : ELSEVIER. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 64
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Dopant-free carrier-selective contacts are emerging in the field of crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic solar cells, which are potential to further improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and lower the cost of c-Si solar cells. Here, we demonstrate tens of microns thin c-Si heterojunction solar cells with substochiometric MoOx and LiFx as dopant-free hole- and electron-selective contacts, respectively. Chemical thinning of 200-mu m thick c-Si wafers enables the production of proof of concept devices with good flexibility and strong performance. When the wafer thickness is reduced to 49.4 mu m (24.7% of the initial thickness), the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cell still maintains 88.2% of the initial value for the 200-mu m thick cell. When the wafer thickness becomes less than 10% (or even 3.4%) of the initial value, 61.2% and 39.2% of the initial PCEs are still achieved for the 14.8- and 6.8-mu m thick cells, respectively. Passivating and carrier-selective effects of the MoOx and LiFx films allow for the maintenance of performance. An oxide interlayer at the MoOx/c-Si interface passivates the dangling bonds of the c-Si surface and improves the minority carrier lifetime. Field-effect passivation and carrier-selective effects induced by the band bending near the MoOx/c-Si interface and the Al/LiFx/c-Si interface play an important role in maintaining high open-circuit voltage and high fill factor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that <100-mu m thin c-Si heterojunction solar cells are reported with undoped contacts. Our solar cells have been fabricated on thin c-Si wafers with low-temperature processes and without additional doping, and thus our work provides a promising cost-effective means in the field of thin and flexible c-Si solar cells.
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13.
  • Ding, J., et al. (författare)
  • Theoretical prediction of the local structures and transport properties of binary alkali chloride salts for concentrating solar power
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 39, s. 380-389
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Comprehensive molecular simulations have been carried out to compute local structures and transport properties of different components of binary NaCl-KCl over a wide operating temperature range. The partial radial distribution functions, coordination number curves and angular distribution functions were calculated to analyze the influence of temperature and component on local structures of molten Alkali Chlorides. Transport properties were calculated by using reverse non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (RNEMD) simulations including densities, shear viscosity and thermal conductivity. The results show that ion clusters are considered to be formed and the distance of ion clusters become larger with increasing temperature which has great influence on macro-properties. The calculated properties have a good agreement with the experimental data, and similar method could be used to computationally calculate the properties of various molten salts and their mixtures.
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14.
  • Etman, Ahmed, 1986-, et al. (författare)
  • Mixed MXenes : Mo1.33CTz and Ti3C2Tz freestanding composite films for energy storage
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 88
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • MXenes are a class of 2D materials with outstanding properties, including high electronic conductivity, hydrophilicity, and high specific capacitance. In particular, Mo1.33CTz MXene has a high specific capacitance, whereas films of Ti3C2Tz MXene possess high flexibility and high electronic conductivity. The fabrication of composite materials based on these two MXenes is therefore motivated, taking advantage of combining their good properties. In this article, we introduce a one-step approach to prepare composite MXene films using pristine Mo1.33CTz and Ti3C2Tz MXenes. The composite films display superior flexibility and electronic conductivity, as well as high capacitance, up to 1380 F cm−3 (460 F g−1), in 1 M H2SO4. A capacitance retention of 96% is obtained after 17,000 cycles. In addition, the capacitance retentions are about 56% and 25% at scan rates of 200 mV s−1 and 1000 mV s−1, respectively. A significant rise in the capacitance at high rates, 875 F cm−3 (282 F g−1) at a current density of 20 A g−1, is achieved by using a 3 M H2SO4 solution. The use of composite MXene as negative electrodes for asymmetric supercapacitor devices, as well as lithium-ion batteries, is also discussed. This work suggests new pathways for the use of MXene composites with double transition metals (Mo and Ti) in energy storage devices.
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15.
  • Fan, Liangdong, et al. (författare)
  • Nanomaterials and technologies for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells : Recent advances, challenges and opportunities
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 45, s. 148-176
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) show considerable promise for meeting the current ever-increasing energy demand and environmental sustainability requirements because of their high efficiency, low environmental impact, and distinct fuel diversity. In the past few decades, extensive R&D efforts have been focused on lowering operational temperatures in order to decrease the system (stack and balance-of-plant) cost and improve the longevity of operationally useful devices of commercial relevance. Nanomaterials and related nanotechnologies have the potential to improve SOFC performance because of their advantageous functionalities, namely, their enlarged surface area and unique surface and interface properties compared to their microscale analogs. Recently, the use of nanomaterials has increased rapidly, as reflected by the exponential growth in the number of publications since 2002. In this work, we present a comprehensive summary of nanoparticles, nano-thin films and nanocomposites with different crystal phases, morphologies, microstructures, electronic properties, and electrochemical performances for low temperature SOFCs (LT-SOFCs), with focus on efforts to enhance electrical efficiency, to induce novel fundamental properties that are inaccessible in microcrystalline materials, and to promote the commercialization of LT-SOFCs. Recent progress in the applications of many classically or newly chemical and physical nanomaterials and nanofabrication techniques, such as thin film vacuum deposition, impregnation, electrospinning, spark plasma sintering, hard-and soft-template methods, and in-situ nanoparticle surface exsolution are also thoroughly described. The technological and scientific advantages and limitations related to the use of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies are highlighted, along with our expectations for future research within this emerging field.
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16.
  • Fan, Lizhou, et al. (författare)
  • Promoting the Fe(VI) active species generation by structural and electronic modulation of efficient iron oxide based water oxidation catalyst without Ni or Co
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 72
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Fe is considered as a promising alternative for OER catalysts owing to its high natural abundance and low cost. Due to the low conductivity and sluggish catalytic kinetics, the catalytic efficiency of Fe-rich catalysts is far from less abundant Ni, Co-rich alternatives and has been hardly improved without the involvement of Ni or Co. The lower activity of Fe-rich catalysts renders the real active center of state-of-the-art NiFe, CoFe catalyst in long-term scientific debate, despite of detection of Fe-based active intermediates in these catalysts during catalytic process. In the present work, we fabricated a series of sub-5 nm Fe1-yCryOx nanocatalysts via a simple solvothermal method, achieving systematically promoted high-valent Fe(VI) species generation by structural and electronic modulation, displaying highly active OER performance without involvement of Ni or Co. Detailed investigation revealed that the high OER activity is related to the ultrasmall nanoparticle size that promotes abundant edge- and corner-site exposure at catalyst surface, which involves in OER as highly reactive site; and the incorporated Cr ions that remarkably accelerate the charge transfer kinetics, providing an effective conduit as well as suitable host for high-valent active intermediate. This work reveals the structural prerequisites for efficient Fe-rich OER catalyst fabrication, inspiring deeper understanding of the structure-activity relationship as well as OER mechanism of Fe-based catalysts.
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17.
  • Gao, Wenqiang, et al. (författare)
  • Construction of diluted magnetic semiconductor to endow nonmagnetic semiconductor with spin-regulated photocatalytic performance
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 110
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Electron spinning polarization has now attracted extensive attention due to its significant effect on improving catalysis. However, only a few photocatalysts possess the electron spinning modification property. How to endow nonmagnetic semiconductors with spintronic properties to realize spinning-regulated photocatalysis enhancement is a great challenge. Herein, based on the diluted magnetic semiconductor concept, we proposed a novel strategy to endow photocatalysts a spinning tunable property. In this work, a diluted magnetic semiconductor photocatalyst with spin polarization was constructed by only doping magnetic ions into CdS/MoS2. The spin polarization with a higher ferromagnetic property was detected in CdS and MoS2 of the Ni-doped CdS/MoS2 diluted magnetic semiconductor photocatalyst. The magnetic field-derived spin polarization reduced the charge recombination in CdS, and improved the interface transfer efficiency between CdS and MoS2, which resulted in a 3.89-fold improvement of the photocatalytic hydrogen production under an external magnetic field. This work provides a new strategy to endow nonmagnetic semiconductors with spin-regulated photocatalytic performance by constructing diluted magnetic semiconductor photocatalysts.
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18.
  • Ghamgosar, Pedram, 1979-, et al. (författare)
  • ZnO-Cu2O core-shell nanowires as stable and fast response photodetectors
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 51, s. 308-316
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this work, we present all-oxide p-n junction core-shell nanowires (NWs) as fast and stable self-powered photodetectors. Hydrothermally grown n-type ZnO NWs were conformal covered by different thicknesses (up to 420 nm) of p-type copper oxide layers through metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The ZnO NWs exhibit a single crystalline Wurtzite structure, preferentially grown along the [002] direction, and energy gap Eg=3.24 eV. Depending on the deposition temperature, the copper oxide shell exhibits either a crystalline cubic structure of pure Cu2O phase (MOCVD at 250 °C) or a cubic structure of Cu2O with the presence of CuO phase impurities (MOCVD at 300 °C), with energy gap of 2.48 eV. The electrical measurements indicate the formation of a p-n junction after the deposition of the copper oxide layer. The core-shell photodetectors present a photoresponsivity at 0 V bias voltage up to 7.7 µA/W and time response ≤0.09 s, the fastest ever reported for oxide photodetectors in the visible range, and among the fastest including photodetectors with response limited to the UV region. The bare ZnO NWs have slow photoresponsivity, without recovery after the end of photo-stimulation. The fast time response for the core-shell structures is due to the presence of the p-n junctions, which enables fast exciton separation and charge extraction. Additionally, the suitable electronic structure of the ZnO-Cu2O heterojunction enables self-powering of the device at 0 V bias voltage. These results represent a significant advancement in the development of low-cost, high efficiency and self-powered photodetectors, highlighting the need of fine tuning the morphology, composition and electronic properties of p-n junctions to maximize device performances.
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19.
  • Goel, P., et al. (författare)
  • Perovskite materials as superior and powerful platforms for energy conversion and storage applications
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 80
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In order to meet the continuously growing demand for clean energy, a plethora of advanced materials have been exploited for energy storage applications. Among these materials, perovskites belong to a relatively new family of compounds with the structural formula of ABX3. These compounds exhibit a variety of electrical, optical, and electronic properties to adopt them for a variety of energy conversion and storage applications. The present review highlights the multifaceted nature of perovskite materials by covering a brief background, common crystallographic structures, and the importance of doping with different elements. Our discussion is extended further on the strategic energy applications of perovskites in modern devices such as fuel cells, lithium batteries, supercapacitors, LEDs, and solar cells. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
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20.
  • Gong, Xiao, et al. (författare)
  • Engineering high-emissive silicon-doped carbon nanodots towards efficient large-area luminescent solar concentrators
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 101
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) are devices that can collect sunlight from a large area, concentrating it at the borders of the slab, to achieve efficient photovoltaic conversion when small area solar cells are placed at their edges, realizing building-integrated photovoltaics. Efficient luminophores in terms of high luminescence quantum yield are needed to obtain high-performance LSCs. A key point is the ability to engineer the Stokes shift (i.e. the difference between the maximum of the absorption and emission spectra), to minimize reabsorption processes. In this work, we report novel silicon-doped carbon nanodots (Si-CDs) with an ultrahigh quantum yield (QY) up to 92.3% by a simple hydrothermal method. Thin-film structured LSCs (5 × 5 × 0.2 cm3) with different concentrations of Si-CDs are prepared by dispersing the Si-CDs into polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) matrix, and the optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of LSCs can be as high as 4.36%, which is nearly 2.5 times higher than that prepared with silicon-undoped CDs. This Si-CDs/PVP film LSC has a high QY of 80.5%. A large-area LSC (15 × 15 cm2) is also successfully fabricated, which possesses a PCE of 2.06% under natural sunlight irradiation (35 mW·cm-2), one of the best reported values for similar size LSCs. The efficient Si-CDs as luminescent substances for high-efficiency large-area LSCs will further give an impetus to the practical exploitation of LSCs.
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21.
  • Guo, Y., et al. (författare)
  • A self-powered flexible piezoelectric sensor patch for deep learning-assisted motion identification and rehabilitation training system
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 123
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Artificial intelligence-assisted wearable devices have attracted great interest in medical treatment and healthcare. However, wearable electronic devices are expensive to manufacture and usually depend on external power supply. Herein, a flexible self-powered piezoelectric sensor patch (SPP) using Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibrous film as the functional layer is demonstrated for the assessment and motion identification of wrist joint rehabilitation training. PVDF fibrous film is prepared by a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)-driven near-field electrospinning system with a special designed synchronous mechanical switch. The results show that this flexible SPP has a high sensitivity of 0.2768 V KPa−1 at pressures from 1 to 75 kPa. Such excellent flexibility allows us to attach the SPP to the finger as a tactile sensor for rehabilitation assessment of wrist joint flexibility. In addition, long short-term memory network model is used to process the collected data from the SPP for motion identification. The test accuracy of the SPP wrist motion identification reaches 92.6%, which afford a potential way to understand the progress of the rehabilitation training of patients' wrists. Generally, this flexible SPP shows great promise for applications in the fields of motion monitoring, medical diagnosis and rehabilitation training based on artificial intelligence. 
  •  
22.
  • Guo, Yaxiao, et al. (författare)
  • Boosting nitrogen reduction reaction by bio-inspired FeMoS containing hybrid electrocatalyst over a wide pH range
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 62, s. 282-288
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A facile preparation of bio-inspired and morphology controllable catalytic electrode FeS@MoS2/CFC, featuring a carbon fiber cloth (CFC) covered with FeS dotted MoS2 nanosheets, has been established. Synergy between the CFC as a self-standing conductive substrate and the FeS nanoparticle dotted MoS2 nanosheets with abundant active sites makes the noble-metal-free catalytic electrode FeS@MoS2/CFC highly efficient in nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), with an ammonia production rate of 8.45 mu g h(-1) cm(-2) and excellent long-term stability at -0.5 V in pH neutral electrolyte. Further electrolysis in acidic and alkaline electrolytes revealed the overall NRR catalytic activity of this electrode over a wide pH range.
  •  
23.
  • Guo, Yaxiao, et al. (författare)
  • Molybdenum and boron synergistically boosting efficient electrochemical nitrogen fixation
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 78
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ammonia production consumes ~2% of the annual worldwide energy supply, therefore strategic alternatives for the energy-intensive ammonia synthesis through the Haber-Bosch process are of great importance to reduce our carbon footprint. Inspired by MoFe-nitrogenase and the energy-efficient and industrially feasible electrocatalytic synthesis of ammonia, we herein establish a catalytic electrode for artificial nitrogen fixation, featuring a carbon fiber cloth fully grafted by boron-doped molybdenum disulfide (B-MoS2/CFC) nanosheets. An excellent ammonia production rate of 44.09 μg h–1 cm–2 is obtained at −0.2 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), whilst maintaining one of the best reported Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 21.72% in acidic aqueous electrolyte (0.1 M HCl). Further applying a more negative potential of −0.25 V renders the best ammonia production rate of 50.51 μg h–1 cm–2. A strong-weak electron polarization (SWEP) pair from the different electron accepting and back-donating capacities of boron and molybdenum (2p shell for boron and 5d shell for molybdenum) is proposed to facilitate greatly the adsorption of non-polar dinitrogen gas via N≡N bond polarization and the first protonation with large driving force. In addition, for the first time a visible light driven photo-electrochemical (PEC) cell for overall production of ammonia, hydrogen and oxygen from water + nitrogen, is demonstrated by coupling a bismuth vanadate BiVO4 photo-anode with the B-MoS2/CFC catalytic cathode.
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24.
  • Hu, Ya, et al. (författare)
  • Autogenic electrolysis of water powered by solar and mechanical energy
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 91
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A dual-bandgap photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell with two semiconductors stacked in tandem is a widely adopted concept to capture a large fraction of the solar spectrum for water splitting. While two photons are theoretically needed to produce one H2 molecule using single-bandgap PEC cells, four photons are generally required for one H2 molecule in the dual-bandgap cells because of an unavoidable charge recombination at the solid-solid interface. Here, triboelectric effects are exploited in the form of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) to allow for the generation of one H2 molecule at the expenses of two photons in a dual-bandgap device using an array of core/shell p-type silicon/anatase-TiO2 nanowires as photoelectrode. The TENG, that converts mechanical energy to electricity, efficiently suppresses the charge recombination at the interface and significantly increases the energy of the photo-generated carriers required for the simultaneous water reduction and oxidation. The synergy of photoexcitation and triboelectrics results in a rate of hydrogen production in a neutral Na2SO4 electrolyte around 150 times higher than that of the counterpart, i.e., the device in the absence of TENG. Furthermore, the TENG-induced enhancement in the PEC water splitting remains substantial even when the solar power density is reduced to 20 mW/cm2.
  •  
25.
  • Hua, Yong, et al. (författare)
  • Facile synthesis of fluorene-based hole transport materials for highly efficient perovskite solar cells and solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 26, s. 108-113
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Two novel low-cost fluorene-based hole transport materials (HTMs) HT1 and HT2 as alternatives to the expensive HTM Spiro-OMeTAD have been designed and synthesized for the application in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell (ssDSCs). The two HTMs were prepared through a facile two-step reaction from cheap starting material and with a total yield higher than 90%. These HTMs exhibit good solubility and charge-transport ability. PSCs based on HT2 achieved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.04% under air conditions, which is comparable to that of the cell employing the commonly used Spiro-OMeTAD (18.27%), while HT1-based cell showed a slightly worse performance with a PCE of 17.18%. For ssDSCs, the HT2-based device yielded a PCE of 6.35%, which is also comparable to that of a cell fabricated based on Spiro-OMeTAD (6.36%). We found that the larger dimensional structure and molecular weight of HT2 enable better photovoltaic performance than that of the smaller one HT1. These results show that easily synthesized fluorene-based HTMs have great potential to replace the expensive Spiro-OMeTAD for both PSCs and ssDSCs.
  •  
26.
  • Huang, Fuhua, et al. (författare)
  • Transient energy trapping as a size-conserving surface passivation strategy for producing bright ultrasmall upconversion nanoprobes
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 105
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been widely exploited as nanoprobes or energy transducers in traditional as well as emerging biological applications, such as bioimaging, photodynamic ther-apy, optogenetics, gene editing. However, the breadth and depth of their utility in the biomedical areas are still not comparable to conventional luminescent probes, such as fluorescent dyes and semiconductor quantum dots. Their application is largely limited by their large size, typically > 20 nm, to ensure a sufficient luminescence brightness. In order to enhance the brightness of UCNPs without exceeding the critical size limitations for biomedical applications, we employ here a transient energy trapping effect as a nanoprobe surface passivation strategy to prevent deleterious distant energy migration in the host lattice, which is particularly prevalent in ultrasmall UCNPs and leads to luminescence quenching. We demonstrate this strategy by incorporating Tm3+ ions as energy trapping centers near the surface of sub-10 nm NaYF4: Yb, Er UCNPs and obtain an emission enhancement by almost one order of magnitude without any increment on the nanoparticle size. Our work presents a promising strategy for the preparation of ultrasmall and bright upconversion nanoprobes that are less vulnerable to surface quenching and that potentially minimize the interference with the object. This facilitates their biomedical applications as here demonstrated by unprecedented high-quality cell labeling and imaging, featured with very uniform nanoparticle distribution in the outer nuclear region.
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27.
  • Imani, Roghayeh, et al. (författare)
  • Unravelling in-situ formation of highly active mixed metal oxide CuInO2 nanoparticles during CO2 electroreduction
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 49, s. 40-50
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Technologies and catalysts for converting carbon dioxide (CO2) to immobile products are of high interest to minimize greenhouse effects. Copper(I) is a promising catalytic active state of copper but hampered by the inherent instability in comparison to copper(II) or copper(0). Here, we report a stabilization of the catalytic active state of copper(I) by the formation of a mixed metal oxide CuInO2 nanoparticle during the CO2 electroreduction. Our result shows the incorporation of nanoporous Sn:In2O3 interlayer to Cu2O pre-catalyst system lead to the formation of CuInO2 nanoparticles with remarkably higher activity for CO2 electroreduction at lower overpotential in comparison to the conventional Cu nanoparticles derived from sole Cu2O. Operando Raman spectroelectrochemistry is employed to in-situ monitor the process of nanoparticles formation during the electrocatalytic process. The experimental data are collaborated with DFT calculations to provide insight into the electro-formation of the type of Cu-based mixed metal oxide catalyst during the CO2 electroreduction, where a formation mechanism via copper ion diffusion across the substrate is suggested.
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28.
  • Jain, Sagar M., et al. (författare)
  • An effective approach of vapour assisted morphological tailoring for reducing metal defect sites in lead-free, (CH3NH3)(3)Bi2I9 bismuth-based perovskite solar cells for improved performance and long-term stability
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 49, s. 614-624
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present a controlled, stepwise formation of methylammonium bismuth iodide (CH3NH3)(3)Bi2I9 perovskite films prepared via the vapour assisted solution process (VASP) by exposing BiI3 films to CH3NH3I (MAI) vapours for different reaction times, (CH3NH3)(3)Bi2I9 semiconductor films with tunable optoelectronic properties are obtained. Solar cells prepared on mesoporous TiO2 substrates yielded hysteresis-free efficiencies upto 3.17% with good reproducibility. The good performance is attributed mainly to the homogeneous surface coverage, improved stoichiometry, reduced metallic content in the bulk, and desired optoelectronic properties of the absorbing material. In addition, solar cells prepared using pure BiI3 films without MAI exposure achieved a power conversion efficiency of 0.34%. The non-encapsulated (CH3NH3)(3)Bi2I9 devices were found to be stable for as long as 60 days with only 0.1% drop in efficiency. This controlled formation of (CH3NH3)(3)Bi2I9 perovskite films highlights the benefit of the VASP technique to optimize material stoichiometry, morphology, solar cell performance, and long-term durability.
  •  
29.
  • Jiang, J., et al. (författare)
  • Highly active and durable electrocatalytic water oxidation by a NiB0.45/NiOx core-shell heterostructured nanoparticulate film
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 38, s. 175-184
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • On the way to energy-efficient and cost-effective hydrogen production by electrochemical or photoelectrochemical water splitting, it is of primary importance to develop highly active and durable water oxidation electrocatalysts based on earth-abundant elements. Here we report a highly active, robust, cheap, and facilely fabricated O2-evolving catalyst on a Cu foil, NiB0.45-250/Cu, which forms a NiB0.45/NiOx core-shell heterostructured nanoparticulate film during anodic electrolysis. The performance of NiB0.45-250/Cu, to produce 10 mA cm−2 at 296 mV overpotential in 1 M KOH over 60 h, is at par with the best efficiency of earth-abundant electrocatalysts reported to date and surpasses that of IrO2-loaded copper electrode under identical conditions. Experimental evidence and theoretical calculations reveal the correlations of B/Ni atomic ratio and annealing temperature with the morphology, surface microtexture, electrochemical active surface area, and electrical conductivity of NiBx films. Optimal combination of these factors can evidently enhance the catalytic activity of nickel boride electrocatalysts.
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30.
  • Johansson, Malin B., 1972-, et al. (författare)
  • Highly crystalline MAPbI3 perovskite grain formation by irreversible poor-solvent diffusion aggregation, for efficient solar cell fabrication
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 78
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Energy efficient synthesis providing high quality crystalline thin films are highly desired in many applications. Here we devise a non-toxic solvent approach for production of highly crystalline MAPbI3 perovskite by exploiting diffusion aggregation processes. Isopropanol solution based methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) is used in this context, where the crystal growth initiation starts in an unstable suspension far from equilibrium and the subsequent crystallization is driven by the solubility parameters. The crystal formation is monitored by scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), observing small crystallization centers growing as time evolves to large grains with high crystal purity. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) in STEM mode revealed a Pb rich core-shell structure in newly formed grains. Nano-beam Electron Diffraction (NBED) scan defined PbI2 crystallites in the Pb rich shell with a single crystal MAPbI3 core in newly formed grains. After a week stirring, the same aggregated suspension exhibited grains with only single crystal MAPbI3 structure. The NBED analysis shows a kinetically slow transition from a core shell structure to a single crystal grain. This research presents an impactful insight on the factors that may cause sub-stoichiometric grain boundary effects which can influence the solar cell performance. In addition, the structure, morphology and optical properties of the perovskite grains have been presented. A powder of highly crystalline particles was subsequently prepared by evaporation of the solvent in a low-vacuum oven. Thin film MAPbI3 solar cells were fabricated by dissolving the powder and applying it in a classical fabrication route. The MAPbI3 solar cells gave a champion efficiency of 20% (19.9%) and an average efficiency at approximately 17% with low hysteresis effects. Here a strategy to manufacture the material structure without toxic solvents is highlighted. The single-crystal growth devised here opens both for shelf storage of materials as well as a more flexible manufacturing of devices. The process can likely be extended to other fields, where the intermediate porous framework and large surface area would be beneficial for battery or super capacitor materials.
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31.
  • Kangkamano, Tawatchai, et al. (författare)
  • Product-to-intermediate relay achieving complete oxygen reduction reaction (cORR) with Prussian blue integrated nanoporous polymer cathode in fuel cells
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : ELSEVIER. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 78
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an essential process in electrocatalysis limiting the commercialization of sustainable energy conversion technologies, such as fuel cells. The use of conducting polymers as molecular porous and conducting catalysts obtained from the high abundance elements enables the route towards low cost and high-throughput fabrication of disposable plastic electrodes of fuel cells. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is a 2-electron ORR electrocatalyst yielding specifically hydrogen peroxide that limits the full utilization of chemical energy of oxygen. Here, we demonstrated an innovative product-to-intermediate relay approach achieving complete oxygen reduction reaction (cORR) with Prussian blue (PB) integrated microporous PEDOT cathode in fuel cells. The microporous structured PEDOT electrode prepared via a simple cryosynthesis allows the bulk integration and stabilization of the poor conducting PB co-catalyst into the PEDOT ion-electron conductor, while the microporous PEDOT allows effective oxygen diffusion into the matrix. We evaluated systematically the effect of sequential PEDOT 2-electron ORR followed by PB co-catalysis launching hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction (HPRR) into H2O. This resulted in the establishment of electronic and ionic transport between PEDOT and PB catalyst enabling the combination of enhanced ORR electrocatalysis by means of the ORR course extension from 2to 4-electron reduction to achieve cORR. The cORR performance delivered by the product-to-intermediate relay between microporous PEDOT and PB co-catalysis led to a four times increase in power density of model proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) assembled from the polymer-based air breathing cathode.
  •  
32.
  • Karimipour, Masoud, et al. (författare)
  • Efficient and bending durable flexible perovskite solar cells via interface modification using a combination of thin MoS2 nanosheets and molecules binding to the perovskite
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 95
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this work, efficient and bending durable flexible perovskite solar cells are obtained by modification of the perovskite film surface with 1- dodecanethiol (DT) followed by drop-casting of pre-dispersed thin nanosheets of MoS2. Our results show an enhancement in efficiency of the flexible device after the interface modification and revealed that the DT and MoS2 modified device recovers completely its initial values of PCE and FF, current density, and open-circuit voltage after 300 bending cycles while the standard device resembles only 50% of its PCE. Following a standard light cycling protocol for unencapsulated devices, it revealed an apparent PCE drop of the standard device up to 32% of its maximum value while the modified device recovers 95% of its highest PCE value. Different characterization methods suggest that the surface modification method induces hydrophobicity as well as significantly reduces the interface trap density.
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33.
  • Kaur, Sukhjot, et al. (författare)
  • Efficient CO2 utilization and sustainable energy conversion via aqueous Zn-CO2 batteries
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 109
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Looking towards the economical and efficient carbon dioxide (CO2) utilization, metal-CO2 batteries uphold a great potential to enhance the efficiency of CO2 conversion to fuels. Pertaining to this, we have fabricated B, N -containing carbon with tubular morphology (C-BN@600) derived from ionic liquid (IL) and metal-organic framework (MOF) composite as cathode catalyst with Zn foil anode for aqueous rechargeable Zn-CO2 battery. The C-BN@600 catalyst demonstrate a remarkable activity towards electrochemical CO2 reduction to methanol with a Faradaic efficiency of 74% and a Yield rate of 2665 mu g h-1 mg-cat..1 The assembled battery consumes CO2 continuously and electrochemically convert it to methanol during discharge and simultaneously produces electrical energy with a remarkable energy density of 330 Wh kg- 1 and a power density of 5.42 mW cm-2 which is stable for more than 12 days (>300 h, 800 cycles) at 1 mA cm-2, providing a platform to serve a dual purpose of CO2 reduction and energy storage.
  •  
34.
  • Khossossi, Nabil, et al. (författare)
  • Revealing the superlative electrochemical properties of o-B2N2 monolayer in Lithium/Sodium-ion batteries
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 96
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Promising flexible electrochemical energy storage systems (EESSs) are currently drawing considerable attention for their tremendous prospective end-use in portable self-powered electronic devices, including roll-up displays, and "smart "garments outfitted with piezoelectric patches to harvest energy from body movement. However, the lack of suitable battery electrodes that provides a specific electrochemical performance has made further development of these technologies challenging. Two-dimensional (2D) lightweight and flexible materials with outstanding physical and chemical properties, including mechanical strengths, hydrophilic surfaces, high surface metal diffusivity, and good conductivity, have been identified as a potential prospect for battery electrodes. In this study, taking a new 2D boron nitride allotrope, namely 2D orthorhombic diboron dinitride monolayer (o-B2N2) as representatives, we systematically explored several influencing factors, including electronic, mechanical, and their electrochemical properties (e.g., binding strength, ionic mobility, equilibrium voltage, and theoretical capacity). Considering potential charge-transfer polarization, we employed a charged electrode model to simulate ionic mobility and found ionic mobility has a unique dependence on the surface atomic configuration influenced by bond length, valence electron number, electrical conductivity, excellent ionic mobility, low equilibrium voltage with excellent stability, good flexibility, and extremely superior theoretical capacity, up to 8.7 times higher than that of widely commercialized graphite (3239.74 mAh g(-1) Vs 372 mAh g(-1)) in case of Li-ion batteries and 2159.83 mAh g(-1) in case of Na-ion batteries, indicating that the new predicted 2D o-B2N2 monolayer possess the capability to be ideal flexible anode materials for Lithium and Sodium-ion battery. Our finding provides valuable insights for experimental explorations of flexible anode candidates based on 2D o-B2N2 monolayer.
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35.
  • Kim, Seohan, et al. (författare)
  • Embedded nanopattern for selectively suppressed thermal conductivity and enhanced transparency in a transparent conducting oxide film
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 103:Part A
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films are cornerstones in many optoelectronic applications including displays, photovoltaics and touchscreens. In these devices, thin films with simultaneous high optical transparency and electrical conductivity are needed. Ideally, heat generated during normal device operation must ideally be compensated for to achieve optimum functionality. One possible way to address the thermal management problem is adding thermoelectric (TE) properties to TCO films. However, improving TE properties while maintaining optimal electrical conductivity and optical transparency is challenging: thermal and electrical transport properties are deeply intertwined. Here, we demonstrate an approach allowing for independent optimization of optical transparency, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. An embedded nanopattern structure is filled with indium tin oxide (ITO) and sandwiched between two ITO layers. The resulting triplelayered structure exhibits reduced thermal conductivity and excellent electrical conductivity. This is made possible by electron channels in the embedded ITO nanopattern that electrically connect top and bottom layers, while at the same time limiting phonon-mediated heat conduction. The filling fraction and thickness of the nanopattern are adjusted to improve optical transmission, achieving transparency higher than bare ITO film. The result is a transparent TCO triple layer film with simultaneous high TCO and thermoelectric figures of merit.
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36.
  • Kim, YeonJu, et al. (författare)
  • Additives-free indolo[3,2-b]carbazole-based hole-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells with three yeses : Stability, efficiency, simplicity
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 101
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Indolo[3,2-b]carbazole-based hole transporting materials (HTM1-3) are developed for dopant-free pemvskite solar cells (PSCs). The newly synthesized compounds are studied as alternatives of conventional hole-transporting materials which typically require additives, are characterized by low resistivity to penetration of water, complicated synthesis and purification. The influence of substituents of derivatives of indolo[3,2-b]carbazole on their physical properties, e.g. ionization potentials, hole mobilities, the temperatures of thermal transitions, is investigated using experimental and theoretical tools. Ionization potentials in the order HTM2 < HTM1 < HTM3 indicate good energy level alignment with the valence band maximum of the pemvskite layer. Time-of-flight hole mobilities in the order HTM3 (5.26 x 10(-3) cm(2)V(-1)s(-1)) > HTM1 (1.1 x 10(-3) cm(2)V(-1)s(-1)) > HTM2 (0.55 x 10(-3) cm(2)V(-1)s(-1)) without additives indicate good hole transporting properties, principally stemming from their small degrees of energetic disorder following the order HTM3 (73.4 meV) similar to HTM2 (73.2 meV) > HTM1 (59.5 meV). The influence of different combinations of these parameters results in the different power conversion efficiencies of the developed dopant-free PSCs: [19.45% for the device containing HTM2] similar to [18.75% for PCS containing HTM3] > [14.46% for the device containing HTM1]. The devices demonstrate considerably higher stability and practically comparable efficiency as additives-containing reference PSCs with conventional hole-transporting material spiro-OMeTAD.
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37.
  • Li, Danqin, et al. (författare)
  • n-Doping of photoactive layer in binary organic solar cells realizes over 18.3% efficiency
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : ELSEVIER. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 96
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Electronic doping of conjugated semiconductor plays a critical role in the fabrication of high efficiency organic optoelectronic devices. Here, we report an organic solar cell (OSC) by doping n-type DMBI-BDZC into one host binary bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photoactive layer comprised of a polymer donor PM6 and a nonfullerene acceptor Y6. The resulting champion device yields a significantly improved power conversion efficiency from 17.17% to 18.33% with an impressive fill factor of 80.20%. It is found that the electrically doped photoactive layer exhibits enhanced and balanced charge carrier mobilities, more effective exciton dissociation, longer carrier lifetime, and suppressed charge recombination with smaller energy loss. The dopant molecule DMBIBDZC also act as a surface morphology modifier of the photoactive layer with enhanced charge transport. This work demonstrates that manipulation of charge transport via adding a low concentration dopant into photoactive layer is a promising approach for further improvement of BHJ OSC performance.
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38.
  • Li, Jiurong, et al. (författare)
  • High-loading of organosilane-grafted carbon dots in high-performance luminescent solar concentrators with ultrahigh transparency
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 115
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Carbon dots (CDs) generally suffer from aggregation-induced fluorescence quenching effect in solid-state, which significantly limits their application in photoelectric devices. Due to this effect, it is a great challenge to achieve high-transparency and high-performance luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) based on CDs. Here, the synthesis of organosilane-grafted carbon dots (Si-CDs) is rationally designed by hydrothermal method using anhydrous citric acid, ethanolamine and KH-792 as the reaction precursors. The obtained Si-CDs can be uniformly dispersed in the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix through the dehydration condensation reaction and hydrogen bonding between the silicon hydroxyl group of Si-CDs and the hydroxyl group of PVA. Based on this property, Si-CDs/PVA thin-film LSCs (5 × 5 × 0.2 cm3) with ultrahigh CD loading (25 wt%) and high transparency can be fabricated, exhibiting excellent absorption in the UV spectral region and about 90 % transmission in the visible range. Furthermore, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the LSCs can reach 2.09 % under a standard solar light and shows excellent stability even over 12 weeks. This synthetic design is expected to be beneficial for future development of CD synthesis and paves the way for the development of CDs-based photoelectric devices.
  •  
39.
  • Li, Weihua, et al. (författare)
  • Controllable and large-scale synthesis of carbon quantum dots for efficient solid-state optical devices
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 122
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Carbon quantum dots (C-dots) showed excellent structure-tunable optical properties, mainly composed of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. They have been used for various types of solid-state optical devices. Due to the photoluminescence quenching caused by aggregation, it is a challenge to produce high quantum yield and large Stokes shift C-dots via controllable and simple approaches. In this work, we demonstrated a microwave assisted heating approach for the high-quality C-dots production with ten grams scale per batch in less than 4 min. The addition of metal cation promoted the formation of the foam-structure by forming carboxyl-metal-amine complex, enabling the spatial confined growth of the C-dots in a solid-state, contributing to the high quantum yield (QY) of 73% with a Stokes shift of 0.65 eV. By tuning the structure of the C-dots, excitation dependent and independent photoluminescent (PL) behavior were achieved because of the formation of the different types of energy states evidenced by transient PL and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. These optical properties enable the C-dots to be successfully integrated in luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), having an external optical efficiency of 3.0% and a power conversion efficiency of 1.3% (225 cm2) and an excitation-dependent high-level anticounterfeiting fluorescent code, showing a great potential for solid-state optical system.
  •  
40.
  • Li, Zhuwei, et al. (författare)
  • Two-dimensional Janus heterostructures for superior Z-scheme photocatalytic water splitting
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 59, s. 537-544
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Developing robust water splitting photocatalyst remains a pivot challenge for solar-to-fuel conversion. Herein, two-dimensional (2D) Janus bilayer heterostructures are reported by sulfur-vacancy-confined-in ZnIn2S4 (V-s-ZnIn2S4) and WO3 nanosheets as an all-solid-state Z-scheme prototype. First-principle calculations and experimental observations clearly confirm the spontaneous formation of this redox-mediator-free Z-scheme van der Waals heterostructure at atomic level, not only facilitating the space separation of photoexcited carriers with high charge density, enhancing charge dynamics and optimizing charge lifetime, but also accumulating electrons in conduction band of V-s-ZnIn2S4 and holes in valence band of WO3 by internal electric field through W-S bonds. After integrated by NiS quantum dots, novel 2D/2D NiS/V-s-ZnIn2S4/WO3 heterostructures with high stability exhibited an outstanding visible-light hydrogen evolution rate of 11.09 mmol g(-1)h(-1) and an apparent quantum efficiency about 72% at 420 nm, the highest value so far reported among the family of ZnIn(2)S(4 )photocatalysts. This work not only presents novel Janus heterostructures but also paves the atomic-level structural and interfacial design and the construction of 2D Janus bilayer Z-scheme heterojunctions for solar energy conversion applications.
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41.
  • Lin, Dongxu, et al. (författare)
  • The selection strategy of ammonium-group organic salts in vapor deposited perovskites: From dimension regulation to passivation
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : ELSEVIER. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 84
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Dimension regulation and defect passivation are two key strategies for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cell. Vapor deposition of perovskite is a toxic-solvent-free method for large-scale fabrication. However, without the assistance of solvent for crystal optimization, effective structural regulation and defect passivation become challenging. Here, detailed investigations on the structural evolution of perovskite thin film are carried out in sequential vapor deposition using mixed-vapor (R-NH3I/MAI). Correlation between electron donating ability of R-NH3I (BAI, PEAI, PMAI and ALI) molecule and the way of structural transition is established. It is found that RNH3I with stronger electron-donating ability promoted the phase transition from three-dimensional (3D) to twodimensional (2D) perovskite. Typically, the n value from 1 to 5 can be tuned by reaction time or component control using BAI with the strongest electron donating ability. R-NH3I with weak electron-donating ability suppresses the 3D to 2D transition, but enhances the defect passivation effect. The ALI with the weakest electron donating ability shows the best passivation effect, leading to the best device performance than that of the control 3D device, with PCE of 18.23% (0.045 cm2) and 15.48% (1 cm2) and the significantly improved stability. This study provides the evidence that the concept of Lewis acid-base reaction is applicable in vapor deposition, which provides us with the selection guide of R-NH3I molecules for structural design in vapor fabrication of perovskite thin film.
  •  
42.
  • Liu, Guiju, et al. (författare)
  • High efficiency sandwich structure luminescent solar concentrators based on colloidal quantum dots
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 60, s. 119-126
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) have received significant attention because of their low cost, large-area and high efficiency sunlight energy harvesting. Colloidal core/shell quantum dots (QDs) are promising candidates as absorbers/emitters in LSCs. However, due to the limitation of QDs properties and device architectures, LSCs fabricated using QDs still face the challenges of low optical efficiency and limited long-term stability for the large-area LSCs. In this work, we synthesized CdSe/CdS QDs, and found that higher CdS shell growth temperature results in improved uniformity in structure and morphology and more suitable optical properties. Based on the CdSe/CdS QDs, a large-area (∼100 cm 2 ) sandwich structure luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) was fabricated. By laminating the QDs layer between two sheets of optical clear glass, the reabsorption losses of the device can be reduced due to the decrease of photon escape. The as-fabricated sandwich structure device exhibits an external optical efficiency of ∼ 2.95% under natural sunlight illumination, which represents a 78% enhancement in efficiency over the single layer film LSCs based on CdSe/CdS QDs. More importantly, the sandwich structure can protect the QDs interlayer from the impact of the ambient environment (e.g. oxygen, moisture and alkalinity) and enhance the long-term stability of LSCs. Our work shows that the use of suitably tuned core-shell QDs and the sandwich structure in LSC architecture can dramatically enhance the external optical efficiency of LSC devices based on CdSe/CdS QDs.
  •  
43.
  • Liu, Guiju, et al. (författare)
  • Role of refractive index in highly efficient laminated luminescent solar concentrators
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 70
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • As a large-area solar radiation collector, luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) can be used as power generation units in semitransparent solar windows, modernized agricultural greenhouses and building facades. However, the external optical efficiency and long-term stability of the LSCs limit their practical applications due to the sensitivity of the emitters to the light and environmental conditions. Here, we used the concept of “laminated glass” to prepare LSCs, which consist of two waveguide layers and the quantum dots (QDs)/polymer interlayer, and we tune the refractive index of the different parts of the system to improve the external optical efficiency and stability of the LSCs, simultaneously. The waveguide layer can be glass, quartz, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and other transparent materials. The CdSe/CdS core/shell QDs were used as fluorophores to prepare the interlayer of the LSCs. The external optical efficiency of the laminated LSCs is associated with the refractive index of the three layers: the closer the refractive index, the higher the ηopt. The highest external optical efficiency of 3.4% has been achieved for the laminated PMMA/QDs-polymer/PMMA LSCs, which improved ~92% compared to the single-layered CdSe/CdS based LSCs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest efficiency for the LSCs based on CdSe/CdS QDs. These results pave the way to realize high efficiency laminated windows as power generation units by suitably tuning the structure of the LSC, and provide the theoretical guidance for the LSCs utilized in building integrated photovoltaics.
  •  
44.
  • Liu, Tong, et al. (författare)
  • Semitransparent polymer solar cell/triboelectric nanogenerator hybrid systems: Synergistic solar and raindrop energy conversion for window-integrated applications
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : ELSEVIER. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 103
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Development of photovoltaic (PV)-derived hybrid power systems can overcome the weather-dependent elec-tricity production and increase the amount of dispatchable renewable energy generation. Herein, monolithic hybrid devices are developed via rational integration of high-performance semitransparent polymer solar cells (ST-PSCs) and liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). High-performance PSCs with efficiencies of 17.4% for rigid and 15.7% for flexible devices are achieved. Further electrode modifications and integration of transparent TENGs synergistically balance the above-bandgap photon harvesting and transparency in a broad wavelength range (380 -1000 nm), yet significantly reduce the transmittance in the near-infrared wavelength range (1000 -2500 nm) of hybrid devices. The hybrid devices simultaneously provide high visible light transparency, good color fidelity, efficient heat resistance and possibility to integrate on rigid and flexible substrates. The hybrid devices attain a high solar conversion efficiency of 10.1% under 1 sun, indicating efficient light-to-electricity conversion (a maximum electrical power output: 101 W m-2) on sunny days. The hybrid devices can also generate a maximum electrical power output of 2.62 W m- 2 through waterdrop energy con-version, implying complementary green electricity production on rainy days. The controlled ambient tempera-ture and specific transmittance windows provided by the hybrid devices sustain plant growth and highlight their great potential in agricultural applications. Gratifyingly, this work demonstrates the first example of ST-PSC/ TENG hybrid systems for scaling up renewable power generation in different weather conditions, considering architectural and agricultural applications.
  •  
45.
  • Lu, Huiran, et al. (författare)
  • Li4Ti5O12 flexible, lightweight electrodes based on cellulose nanofibrils as binder and carbon fibers as current collectors for Li-ion batteries
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 39, s. 140-150
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • TEMPO oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNF) were used as binder material to prepare bendable Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) electrodes. Carbon fiber (CF) layers were integrated as current collectors to enhance the mechanical properties and to increase the specific energy of the electrodes. These electrodes combined with CF current collectors (LTO/CF) show good electrochemical properties and are flexible, sustainable, mechanical and chemical stable, lightweight and produced by a water-based easy filtration process. An increase of the active material weight (LTO) from around 19% to 71% of the electrode and current collector combined weight is demonstrated with CF compared with a copper current collector. Additionally, preparation of the current collector material is non-expensive, quick and easy compared to that of carbon nanotube or graphene. To test the flexible battery application, 4000 times repeated bending was carried out on both the LTO electrodes and the LTO/CF electrodes. This had no significant effect on the morphology, mechanical and electrochemical properties of neither the LTO nor the LTO/CF electrodes. Addition of the CF layer improves the mechanical properties and specific capacity of the LTO-electrode. A thicker LTO electrode with only 2 wt% TOCNF is demonstrated which is promising for thicker electrodes with high energy density. A full cell was assembled with the LTO/CF as negative electrode and LiFePO4 (LFP)/CF as positive, which exhibited a stable cycling performance and good energy density.
  •  
46.
  • Ma, Qing, et al. (författare)
  • Promoting charge separation resulting in ternary organic solar cells efficiency over 17.5%
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : ELSEVIER. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 78
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ternary blend has been an effective strategy for achieving high efficiency in organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, a non-fullerene small molecule acceptor (C8-DTC) was synthesized and added to the PM6: Y6 system as a third component. By adding 10% of C8-DTC as the second acceptor in the PM6:Y6 system, an impressive power conversion efficiency of 17.52% was achieved with simultaneously increased open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current-density, and fill factor. The reduced voltage loss was due to the lowered non-radiative recombination loss in comparison with the binary device. It was also found that a small amount of C8-DTC in the PM6:Y6 blend resulted in enhanced charge separation and charge transport by providing possible extra channels of hole extraction. And the ternary system formed a good phase separation and favored bi-continuous transport network, which is more conducive to balance the electron and hole transport. The results indicate that the ternary system formed by C8-DTC as the third component is an effective method to improve the performance of the PM6:Y6 based OSCs.
  •  
47.
  • Majumdar, Arnab, et al. (författare)
  • Drastic reduction of thermal conductivity in hexagonal AX (A = Ga, In & Tl, X = S, Se & Te) monolayers due to alternative atomic configuration
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 88
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Several two-dimensional chalcogenide materials have been in the limelight in the recent past for their promising thermoelectric properties. It is well established that the thermoelectric performance of materials improves on reducing the physical dimensionality of the system. Two-dimensional hexagonal chalcogen (S, Se and Te) bearing compounds of Ga, In and Tl have already been studied extensively in literature. But in those phases, the group-13 non-chalcogen atoms occupy the two inner planes while the chalcogens occupy the two outer planes of the unit cell. In this work, we have proposed the alternate arrangement in which the chalcogen atoms occupy the two inner planes while the group-13 atoms occupy the two outer planes of the unit cell. Unprecedentedly, this alternate arrangement shows much lower thermal conductivity that leads to superior thermoelectric performance. In this work we have studied in details the thermoelectric properties of hexagonal AX (A = Ga, In & Tl, X = S, Se & Te) monolayers and compare the results having both the atomic arrangements. The very low lattice thermal conductivity of this new arrangement is due to the outermost valence s-orbital lone pair of the chalcogens which leads to enhanced anharmonicity. We have explained these results from the anti-crossing of the phonon branches as well. The electronic, dynamical, thermodynamical and elastic properties have also been studied. We think that these results should have significant impact on the synthesis of high-performance thermoelectric materials based on chalcogenides of gallium, indium and thallium.
  •  
48.
  • Massetti, Matteo, et al. (författare)
  • Fully direct written organic micro-thermoelectric generators embedded in a plastic foil
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : ELSEVIER. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 75
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Organic materials have attracted great interest for thermoelectric applications due to their tuneable electronic properties, solution processability and earth-abundance, potentially enabling high-throughput realization of low-cost devices for low-power energy harvesting applications. So far, organic thermoelectricity has primarily focused on materials development, with less attention given to integrated generators. Yet, future applications will require the combination of efficient generators architectures and scalable manufacturing techniques to leverage the advantages of such promising materials. Here we report the realization of a monolithic organic micro-thermoelectric generator (mu-OTEG), using only direct writing methods, embedding the thermoelectric legs within a plastic substrate through a combination of direct laser writing and inkjet printing techniques. Employing PEDOT:PSS for the p-type legs and a doped fullerene derivative for the n-type ones, we demonstrate a mu-OTEG with power density of 30.5 nW/cm(2) under small thermal gradients, proving the concrete possibility of achieving power requirements of low-power, distributed sensing applications.
  •  
49.
  • Mazzaro, Raffaello, et al. (författare)
  • Hematite nanostructures : An old material for a new story. Simultaneous photoelectrochemical oxidation of benzylamine and hydrogen production through Ti doping
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 61, s. 36-46
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Overall water splitting represents one of the most promising approaches toward solar energy conversion and storage, which is, however, severely challenged by the four-electron/four-proton nature of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). One option to overcome this issue is to replace OER with a more useful reaction, for simultaneous production of both hydrogen and chemicals of interest. For the purpose, in this paper a cheap, hydrothermally prepared Ti-doped nanostructured hematite photoanode was employed for the first time as highly stable, heterogeneous catalyst for the low bias, efficient and highly selective photoinduced oxidation of benzylamine to N-benzylidenebenzylamine, and for the simultaneous production of hydrogen in a double solvent/environment cell. A preliminary estimate indicates the possibility to obtain a ∼150 μmol h−1 H2 production, with the contemporary production of stoichiometric benzylidene N-benzylamine in a 5 × 5 cm2 area electrode. This study contributes to overcome the 40-year lasting issues limiting the use of hematite in industrial photoelectrochemical sunlight conversion and storage, due to poor performance of hematite and lack of economic value of oxygen production, providing solid evidence for the simultaneous use of hematite in hydrogen production and alternative oxidation reactions of industrial importance.
  •  
50.
  • Mehamud, Idiris, et al. (författare)
  • Machine condition monitoring enabled by broad range vibration frequency detecting triboelectric nano-generator (TENG)-based vibration sensors
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 98
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Vibration analysis is an efficient method to monitor machine condition status. Different types of vibration sensors, such as microelectromechanical, and piezoelectric accelerometers have been used to measure vibrations, but face the problems of relying on external power and high cost. Recently, triboelectric nano-generator (TENG)-based vibration sensors have attracted attention to solve these problems. However, previous studies on TENG-based mechanical vibration sensors are limited to a low-frequency range (less than 200 Hz), which is below industry machine condition monitoring requirements (often 10-1000 Hz). This work aims at enabling TENG-based vibration sensors for higher frequencies and a broad range of frequency detection through structural design supported by numerical simulations. Numerical simulation results indicate that the frequency detection range is controlled by structural design and can be easily expanded for high-frequency detection by reducing the size and improving the shape of the structure. Spring-assisted TENG-based vibration sensors with the possibility of detecting the vibration within 0-1200 Hz, which covers the major mechanical failures and imperfections in vibrational frequency ranges, are prepared according to the structural design and numerical simulation results. The experimental results show that the developed sensor successfully detects signals within the frequency range of 0-1200 Hz. Due to optimized structural symmetry and effective spring stiffness, the two spring-assisted (TS) structures generate higher electric signal output (up to 200 V and 0.9 µA). The prepared TENG vibration sensors are further compared with a high-quality commercial vibration sensor in terms of vibrational signal response and detecting bearing defects. The results show that the prepared TENG vibration sensors can provide at least the same function as the commercial vibration sensor and demonstrate a promising potential to detect machine working conditions.
  •  
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