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1.	Mohammed, Abdullah, et al. (författare) Minimizing energy consumption for robot arm movement 2014 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 25, s. 400-405 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Robots are widely used in industry due to their efficiency and high performance. Many of them are operating in the manufacturing stage of the production line where the highest percentage of energy is consumed. Therefore, their energy consumption became a major focus for many robots manufacturers and academic research groups. Nevertheless, the optimization of that consumption is still a challenging task which requires a deep understanding of the robot's kinematic and dynamic behaviors. This paper proposes an approach to develop an optimization module using Matlab® to minimize the energy consumptions of the robot's movement. With the help of Denavit-Hartenberg notation, the approach starts first by solving the inverse kinematics of the robot to find a set of feasible joint configurations required to perform the task, solving the inverse kinematics is usually a challenging step which requires in-depth analyses of the robot. The module then solves the inverse dynamics of the robot to analyze the forces and torques applied on each joint and link in the robot. Furthermore, a calculation for the energy consumption is performed for each configuration. The final step of the process represents the optimization of the calculated configurations by choosing the one with the lowest power consumption and sends the results to the robot controller. Three case studies are used to evaluate the performance of the module. The experimental results demonstrate the developed module as a successful tool for energy efficient robot path planning. Further analyses for the results have been done by comparing them with the ones from commercial simulation software. The case studies show that the optimization of the location for the target path could reduce the energy consumption effectively.
2.	Stenberg, Niclas, 1964-, et al. (författare) Numerical Modelling of Turning to Find Residual Stresses 2013 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271. ; , s. 258-264 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In this study a thermo-mechanical numerical simulation of the machining operation is presented. The purpose of the simulations is to obtain the residual stresses. The FE-simulations are compared to measurements of a machined axis. The reason for this work is to see if residual stress calculations have reached a level where it could be performed on a daily basis. Therefore, the simulations were performed with the software package DEFORM which has a re-mesh function that, for practical reasons, is necessary when forming chips. The large deformations will make the FE-analysis to costly otherwise.The work includes a parametric study of machining parameters in order to foresee the impact on the residual stresses. These simulations have also been compared to measurements.The FE-simulations has proved to predict the residual stresses in principle. However, even though the stress gradient in the vicinity of the surface is captured the exact stress level on the surface could not be foreseen. This effect was attributed to the re-mesh function. The parametric study showed that residual stresses can be foreseen, but not all the way up to the surface. Simulated results are only valid from approx 0.05mm-0.1mm below the surface. However, even with this restriction the FE-analysis can be used for optimising the cutting parameters with respect to residual stresses.
3.	Abdoli, Shiva, et al. (författare) Analyzing the Environmental Consequences of Production Processes from a System of Systems Perspective : A Case of Gear Manufacturing in the Automotive Industry 2021 Ingår i: The 28th CIRP Conference on Life Cycle Engineering, March 10 – 12, 2021, Jaipur, India. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 98, s. 376-381 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Many research studies have been done to investigate different aspects of environmental challenges. In the product development context, there have been attempts to reduce the environmental impacts of associated activities including the production processes themselves. As a result, various technological improvements have been made and new production processes e.g. powder metallurgy technologies have been introduced that may demonstrate a lower environmental footprint compared to conventional processes e.g. cutting machining technologies. However, a production process with a lower environmental impact may lead to reducing the quality/performance attributes of the produced parts (gear) and probably of final products (transmission box). Therefore, the efforts intended to produce more sustainable products by using production processes with less environmental footprints may lead to some unintended consequences such as increased maintenance requirements and/or demand. This is a rebound effect from a system of systems (SoS) perspective. This paper aims to analyze the impacts of more environmentally friendly production processes on the total environmental impact associated with a product given they may have a negative impact on a part/product's quality and performance or usage. This paper introduces a methodological approach to analyze the environmental sustainability of a production process at a SoS level. This is done by including the entire supply chain of a product-system and its interacting systems by using the results of the attributional/consequential life cycle assessment (LCA) method. The approach validity approach is demonstrated in the case of gear manufacturing in the automotive industry.
4.	Abdullah Asif, Farazee Mohammad, 1980-, et al. (författare) A practical ICT framework for transition to circular manufacturing systems 2018 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271. ; , s. 598-602 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The transition towards a circular economy has become important. Manufacturing industry being a major stakeholder in this transition has started exploring the potential of this transition and challenges in implementation. Ambitious companies such as Gorenje d.d. has taken the circular economy transition seriously and aims to become a pioneer in implementing circular manufacturing systems. One vital step in this transition is the business model shift from the linear (sales model) to a circular model such as 'product as a service'. This brings new challenges to Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) that have never been experienced in their conventional businesses. One of the challenges is to establish an information communication and technology (ICT) infrastructure that enables information management and sharing as well as establishes a real-time communication between relevant stakeholders. Outlining such an ICT infrastructure is the objective of this paper.
5.	Adamson, Göran, 1958-, et al. (författare) A Cloud Service Control Approach for Distributed and Adaptive Equipment Control in Cloud Environments 2016 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 41, s. 644-649, s. 644-649 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A developing trend within the manufacturing shop-floor domain is the move of manufacturing activities into cloud environments, as scalable, on-demand and pay-per-usage cloud services. This will radically change traditional manufacturing, as borderless, distributed and collaborative manufacturing missions between volatile, best suited groups of partners will impose a multitude of advantages. The evolving Cloud Manufacturing (CM) paradigm will enable this new manufacturing concept, and on-going research has described many of its anticipated core virtues and enabling technologies. However, a major key enabling technology within CM which has not yet been fully addressed is the dynamic and distributed planning, control and execution of scattered and cooperating shop-floor equipment, completing joint manufacturing tasks.In this paper, the technological perspective for a cloud service-based control approach is described, and how it could be implemented. Existing manufacturing resources, such as soft, hard and capability resources, can be packaged as cloud services, and combined to create different levels of equipment or manufacturing control, ranging from low-level control of single machines or devices (e.g. Robot Control-as-a-Service), up to the execution of high level multi-process manufacturing tasks (e.g. Manufacturing-as-a-Service). A multi-layer control approach, featuring adaptive decision-making for both global and local environmental conditions, is proposed. This is realized through the use of a network of intelligent and distributable decision modules such as event-driven Function Blocks, enabling run-time manufacturing activities to be performed according to actual manufacturing conditions. The control system’s integration to the CM cloud service management functionality is also described.
6.	Agic, Adnan, 1967-, et al. (författare) Influence of cutting edge geometry on force build-up process in intermittent turning 2016 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 46, s. 364-367 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In the intermittent turning and milling processes, during the entry phase the cutting edges are subjected to high impact loads that can give rise to dynamical and strength issues which in general cause tool life reduction. In this study the effect of geometrical features of the cutting tool on the force generation during the entry phase is investigated. Cutting forces are measured by a stiff dynamometer at a high sampling frequency. In addition, the chip load area is analyzed and related to the measured cutting force. The results show that micro-geometrical features, in particular the protection chamfer, significantly affect the force generation during the entry phase.
7.	Agmell, Mathias, et al. (författare) The Influence the Uncut Chip Thickness has on the Stagnation Point in Orthogonal Cutting 2017 Ingår i: 16th CIRP Conference on Modelling of Machining Operations (16th CIRP CMMO). - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. - 9781510842762 ; 58, s. 13-18 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The effect of cutting data on the stagnation zone of a machining operation is of great interest since it governs the material flow around the cutting edge. The material flow has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the machined surface. This paper presents a numerical model that is able to determine the effect that the uncut chip thickness has on the stagnation zone and the connection between the stagnation zone and the deformation layer in the machined subsurface.
8.	Agmell, Mathias, et al. (författare) The link between plasticity parameters and process parameters in orthogonal cutting 2013 Ingår i: 14th CIRP Conference on Modeling of Machining Operations (CIRP CMMO). - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 8, s. 224-229 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In the present study the plasticity parameters in the Johnson Cook plasticity model are determined on the basis of process parameters in orthogonal cutting by use of inverse analysis. Previously established links between material parameters and process parameters in the cutting process such as chip thickness ratio, cutting forces, temperatures, deformation zones, is used serve as a starting point in the inverse analysis. The material AISI 4140 is simulated using the model employed in [1], the Johnson Cook parameters being changed within an interval of ±30 %. The inverse analysis is performed using a Kalman filter. The material model for the reference point is validated on the basis of the experimental results in [1], the model being shown to predict the process parameters with a high level of accuracy. The attempt is made to establish a link for materials having cutting process characteristics that are similar between certain process parameters and the Johnson Cook parameters in order to be able to predict the input parameters to FEM models using experimental data from a cutting process.
9.	Alhusin Alkhdur Mohammed, Abdullah, 1980-, et al. (författare) Advanced human-robot collaborative assembly using electroencephalogram signals of human brains 2020 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2212-8271. ; , s. 1200-1205 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper introduces an intelligent system that can manipulate an industrial robot using the electroencephalogram signals of human brains to perform collaborative assembly tasks. The system is initiated by capturing the brain signals using a wearable headset, and the signals are then filtered to remove any possible artifact. Consequently, the process continues by identifying the brain signals patterns using a classifier based on pre-recorded samples. The classifier's output determines the proper matching of the robot command that is intended by the human. To validate the results, an industrial collaborative assembly scenario of a car manifold is examined as a case study.
10.	Amouzgar, Kaveh, 1980-, et al. (författare) Optimizing index positions on CNC tool magazines considering cutting tool life and duplicates 2020 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271. ; 93, s. 1508-1513 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Minimizing the non-machining time of CNC machines requires optimal positioning of cutting tools on indexes (stations) of CNC machine turret magazine. This work presents a genetic algorithm with a novel solution representation and genetic operators to find the best possible index positions while tool duplicates and tools life are taken in to account during the process. The tool allocation in a machining process of a crankshaft with 10 cutting operations, on a 45-index magazine, is optimized for the entire life of the tools on the magazine. The tool-indexing time is considerably reduced compared to the current index positions being used in an automotive factory.
11.	Anderberg, Staffan, 1981-, et al. (författare) Process planning for cnc machining of swedish subcontractors : A web survey 2014 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 17, s. 732-737 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Process planning of CNC machining is critical to ensure cost, time and quality parameters of manufacturing operations. At the heart of process planning is, typically the process planner, who must make a multitude of decisions regarding machines, cutting strategies, tools and process parameters etc. Today there are a number of different tools and methods available to aid the process planner. This paper explores today’s industrial use of some of these aids and outlinespotential underlying reasons for the current state. The empirical data is based on a questionnaire survey of Swedish CNC machining sub-contractors. The main conclusion is that despite a long history of development of various aids (CAD/CAM, PLM standards etc.) there is still a large proportion of the industry, which has not yet adopted these aids. By the responding companies 32% do not use any CAM system and only 2% use a PLM system. On the other side of the spectrum is a group of 25% that uses CAM in 75% or more of their planned products. The learning from this survey can be used to better understand the industrial needs and focus research and development efforts.
12.	Andersson, Frida, et al. (författare) Design for Manufacturing of Composite Structures for Commercial Aircraft : The Development of a DFM strategy at SAAB Aerostructures 2014 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271. ; 17, s. 362-367 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Within the aircraft industry, the use of composite materials such as carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) is steadily increasing, especially in structural parts. Manufacturability needs to be considered in aircraft design to ensure a cost-effective manufacturing process. The aim of this paper is to describe the development of a new strategy for how SAAB Aerostructures addressing manufacturability issues during the development of airframe composite structures. Through literature review, benchmarking and company interviews, a design for manufacturing (DFM) strategy was developed. The strategy ensures that the important factors for successful DEM management are implemented on strategic, tactical and operational levels that contribute to a more cost-efficient product development process and aircraft design.
13.	Andersson, Oscar, et al. (författare) Digitalization of Process Planning of Spot Welding in Body-in-white 2016 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2212-8271. ; , s. 618-623 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Process planning of spot welding for body-in-white automobile structures involves several experimental (physical) welding trials to set the process parameters. These experimental trials are crucial in ensuring the quality and efficiency of the process. However, due to the iterative nature of the work, running several experiments is costly and time consuming prolonging the overall development cost and time significantly. To minimize the cost and time, replacing the physical tests by digital (virtual) tests is an established approach although not often applied for spot welding. However, for a long chain of development process with several iterative loops, this is not a trivial task considering the availability of information and continuity of the work flow. This paper reports the work and results of an industrial case study conducted on spot welding of a body-in-white car pillar in a Swedish auto manufacturer. The aim of the study is to investigate and propose the necessary conditions required to replace a physical test by virtual tests in terms of validity and expedited execution of the process. Information sharing, knowledge reuse and streamlining the work flow have found to be critical condition for valid and rapid virtual tests. © 2016 The Authors.
14.	André, Hampus, et al. (författare) Towards a Conceptual Framework for Analyzing Circular Product-User Life Cycles : Learnings from the Sport and Outdoor Sector 2022 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; , s. 225-230 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Life cycle assessment (LCA) research on the performance of circular economy (CE) measures such as reuse, repair and remanufacturing has been criticized for inadequate consideration of functional equivalency of circular compared to new products, allocation between use phases, displacement rates, rebound effects, product use and user behavior. For such reasons, it has been argued that our understanding of the environmental performance of CE is poor and over-optimistic. Motivated by these criticisms, this paper presents an outline of a conceptual framework developed to improve CE LCA research. The framework was developed through literature review, workshops and ongoing CE LCAs in the sport and outdoor sector. The paper overviews challenges related to mentioned criticisms and possible approaches to addressing them, presents a model for how aspects influential to CE LCA results interrelate, and, proposes a structure for describing product-user life cycles more accurately. The outlined conceptual framework could be an important step towards improving CE LCAs and, ultimately, our understanding of environmental outcomes of CE.
15.	Areitioaurtena, Maialen, et al. (författare) Numerical and experimental investigation on the residual stresses generated by scanning induction hardening 2022. - C Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 108, s. 827-832 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Induction hardening is widely used in the industry as a surface heat treatment that improves the surface and the subsurface hardness of components greatly. The hardened case, which usually is a few mm, highly impacts the surface and structural integrity of the component. In this work, we simulate the scanning induction hardening process by means of finite element modeling. The computed hardness, microstructure, and residual stress profile are compared with experimentally measured data using several surface and subsurface characterization techniques. A very good agreement is found between the simulated and experimentally measured residual stresses, which were characterized by the incremental hole drilling technique.
16.	Areitioaurtena, Maialen, et al. (författare) Predicting the induction hardened case in 42CrMo4 cylinders 2020 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 87, s. 545-550 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Induction hardening has the potential to produce favorable surface integrity that can improve fatigue performance and extend the lifetime of a component. The localized superficial heating provided by induction is the main advantage of this process, as it allows the core to remain intact and, therefore, ductile, while the surface is hardened. Achieving favorable characteristics in the hardened case is of great importance, as this process is usually applied to load bearing and wear-susceptible metallic components. The simulation of the hardening process by induction heating is a complex and challenging task at which many efforts have been directed in the last years. Due to the numerous interactions of the many physics that take part in the process (electromagnetic, thermal, microstructural and mechanical), a highly coupled finite element model is required for its numerical simulation. In this work, a semi-analytical induction heating model is used to compute the induction hardening process, predicting the size and shape of the hardened layer and the distribution of the hardness. Using the semi-analytical model allows the computational time to be much faster compared to a fully coupled model using a commercial software, where the time consumption for the presented 2D case is reduced by 20 %. Experimental validation is presented for cylindrical 42CrMo4 billets heated by a short solenoidal inductor, which shows good agreement with the predicted results, reaching an average error of 3.2 % in temperature estimations.
17.	Asadi, Narges, et al. (författare) Drivers of complexity in a flexible assembly system - A case study 2015 Ingår i: 48th CIRP International Conference on Manufacturing Systems (CIRP CMS 2015): Key Enabling Technologies for the Factories of the Future. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 189-194 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Various ever-changing market demands have propelled manufacturing companies to offer product variety in an efficient and timely manner. Assembly as a key stage of manufacturing process is used to realise product variety through establishing mixed-product assembly systems. Although establishing a flexible mixed-product assembly system which both offers product variety and absorbs market demands fluctuation is pivotal for maintaining competitive edge in certain industries such as vehicle manufacturing, it is also considered an elaborate task which calls for further investigation. In this paper, complexity in a flexible mixed-product assembly line is investigated and the key drivers of complexity are identified. To fulfil the research objective, a case study during the pilot implementation of a flexible mixed-product assembly concept in a heavy vehicle manufacturing company has been conducted. The results indicate the key factors concerning assembly process, product design, and information and communication technology (ICT) which contribute to complexity in the flexible assembly system. The paper concludes with an outlook for possible future research.
18.	Asadi, Narges, et al. (författare) Towards Establishing Similar Assembly Interfaces for a Mixed-product Assembly System 2016 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; , s. 635-640 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Developing a mixed-product assembly line (MPAL) is an elaborate task due to the complexity raised by product variety. This paper proposes that securing similar assembly interfaces across distinct product families is an essential requirement of MPALs which facilitates flexibility and reduces complexity. The concept of similar assembly interfaces has been developed and analysed in a case study at a heavy vehicle manufacturing company. The results suggest that assembly interfaces can be defined according to generic assembly operation steps: pick, place and attach. The paper highlights the need for development of a cross-functional methodology to analyse and establish similar assembly interfaces.
19.	Aschenbrenner, Doris, et al. (författare) Sustainable human-robot co-production for the bicycle industry 2021 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 104, s. 857-862 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Bicycle production has not changed much over the last 100 years, it is still performed mainly by manual labor in mass production. During the global pandemic, the demand for ecologically friendly and customized transport has increased. Hence, customers start to impose the same requirements on bikes as on cars: they want more customized products and short delivery time. This publication describes an approach to transform bicycle manufacturing towards human-robot co-production to enable smaller batch sizes and production on-shoring. We list the challenges of this transformation, our applied methods, and presents preliminary results of the cobot-driven prototypes.
20.	Ashtari, Elmira, 1981-, et al. (författare) Knowledge Platform for Resistance Spot Welding 2018 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; , s. 1166-1171, s. 1166-1171 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Virtual weldability testing and prototyping significantly reduces the time and cost needed in product and process development. However, implementation is often inhibited due to lack of accurate information, support tools and methods to capture all knowledge elements from across the development process. Furthermore, results from previously conducted tests are often unavailable due to absence of knowledge reusability schemes and enabling tools. In this paper, a knowledge platform development is presented which has been implemented in industrial cases from Swedish automotive industries. The platform is demonstrated to be a key element in enabling effective virtual testing and prototyping. © 2018 The Authors.
21.	Ayani, Mikel, et al. (författare) Digital Twin : Applying emulation for machine reconditioning 2018 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 72, s. 243-248 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Old machine reconditioning projects extend the life length of machines with reduced investments, however they frequently involve complex challenges. Due to the lack of technical documentation and the fact that the machines are running in production, they can require a reverse engineering phase and extremely short commissioning times. Recently, emulation software has become a key tool to create Digital Twins and carry out virtual commissioning of new manufacturing systems, reducing the commissioning time and increasing its final quality. This paper presents an industrial application study in which an emulation model is used to support a reconditioning project and where the benefits gained in the working process are highlighted.
22.	Badger, J., et al. (författare) Application of the dimensionless Aggressiveness number in abrasive processes 2021 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 102, s. 361-368 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The chip thickness is often used to characterize abrasive processes, particularly grinding. Unfortunately, because of the seemingly random nature of the geometrically undefined cutting points and difficulty in estimating the cutting-point density, chip thickness is notoriously difficult to quantify. Recently, the dimensionless Aggressiveness number has gained popularity because it circumvents the need to quantify the wheel topography and is applicable to any geometry in abrasive contact. This paper shows how the concept of dimensionless Aggressiveness number applies to the most common abrasive geometries and how it can be used to achieve practical results in a variety of applications.
23.	Barletta, Ilaria Giovanna, 1988, et al. (författare) A Methodology to Align Core Manufacturing Capabilities with Sustainable Manufacturing Strategies 2018 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 69, s. 242-247 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract How do core business and manufacturing capabilities enable strategies for sustainable manufacturing, and what are those capabilities? This paper proposes a Capability Methodology for Sustainable Manufacturing (CMSM) for allowing top management of manufacturing companies to address these questions. A diagnostic tool was developed from three case studies based on a set of interview questions aimed at identifying core capabilities and sustainability issues in manufacturing companies. Interview data was coded and mapped through a relational matrix formulation that describes four archetypes for the development of sustainability strategies. The matrix maps the degree of complexity of the sustainability concept as understood by the company, and the scope of the product life cycle being considered. It is argued that the methodology helps bring awareness to managers of any gaps or mismatches between their actual core capabilities and the desired outcomes for sustainable manufacturing.
24.	Barletta, Ilaria Giovanna, 1988, et al. (författare) Prerequisites for a high-level framework to design sustainable plants in the e-waste supply chain 2015 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 29, s. 633-638 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Currently few attempts to properly structure knowledge that specifically supports a fully sustainable e-waste treatment system design have been proposed in literature. As a result, this paper sets up the prerequisites for a high-level framework to design sustainable plants in the supply chain of e-waste. The framework addresses production and environmental engineers mainly. The methodology grows out of literature studies, research project’s outcomes and interviews with a group of sector experts. Stemming from this, a list of prerequisites was presented for the case study of an automated plant for e-waste sorting in order to design it while considering the triple-bottom-line of sustainability.
25.	Barletta, Ilaria Giovanna, 1988, et al. (författare) The Proposal of an Environmental Break-Even Point as Assessment Method of Product-Service Systems for Circular Economy 2018 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 72, s. 720-725 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In this paper we propose a method to assess technology-based product-service systems and help manufacturing companies in decision making with a new indicator: the environmental break-even point (e-BEP), equivalent to the economic indicator applied to environmental performance. A case study is presented to provide a concrete application of the indicator: when designing an optical sorter for electronic waste, the e-BEP revealed how many mobile phones must be either repurposed or recycled for the sorter to offset the system’s environmental impact. The e-BEP shows potential to make CEOs and production managers adopt a product life-cycle thinking in their technology investments.
26.	Barrera Diaz, Carlos Alberto, 1987-, et al. (författare) Optimizing reconfigurable manufacturing systems : A Simulation-based Multi-objective Optimization approach 2021 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271. ; 104, s. 1837-1842 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Application of reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS) plays a significant role in manufacturing companies’ success in the current fiercely competitive market. Despite the RMS’s advantages, designing these systems to achieve a high-efficiency level is a complex and challenging task that requires the use of optimization techniques. This study proposes a simulation-based optimization approach for optimal allocation of work tasks and resources (i.e., machines) to workstations. Three conflictive objectives, namely maximizing the throughput, minimizing the buffers’ capacity, and minimizing the number of machines, are optimized simultaneously while considering the system’s stochastic behavior to achieve the desired system’s configuration.
27.	Bellgran, Monica, 1966-, et al. (författare) Cost driven Green Kaizen in pharmaceutical production - Creating positive engagement for environmental improvements 2019 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 81, s. 1219-1224 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract A case study of green kaizen is presented demonstrating results of how to engage operators and management in environmental improvements on the shop-floor by utilizing a method, the Green Performance Map, in a pharmaceutical manufacturing company. The method involves identification of improvement possibilities, an input-output model for visualization (to reach consensus), and a cost saving approach for prioritization of actions (to attain force to take the step). The paper sets out to demonstrate how operationalization is needed to change behaviour, and points at the advantage of utilizing cost as a driver for environmental change.
28.	Bengtsson, Marcus, et al. (författare) Machining Equipment Life Cycle Costing Model with Dynamic Maintenance Cost 2016 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 48, s. 102-107 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper presents how a Life cycle cost or Total cost of ownership analysis has been performed on machining equipment in a Swedish company. Life cycle cost models used in case studies are compared to an empirical model, used at the company, where dynamic energy, fluid, and maintenance cost are included. Linear and variable factors in the models are analyzed and discussed regarding data availability and estimation, especially with emphasis on maintenance. The life cycle cost aspect of the equipment give guidelines to consider operation, maintenance, tools, energy, and fluid cost in addition to acquisition cost, when designing/specifying the equipment.
29.	Bennulf, Mattias, 1992-, et al. (författare) A conceptual model for multi-agent communication applied on a plug & produce system 2020 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 93, s. 347-352 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Today, multi-agent systems are still uncommon in the industry because they require more time to be implemented than traditional manufacturing systems. In this paper, a conceptual model and guidelines are defined for communication and negotiation between agents for Plug & Produce systems. Standards for agent communication exists today, such as the FIPA collection of specifications. However, FIPA is a broad and general standard for any kind of system and leaves a lot of room for interpretation. This paper presents a new conceptual model and guidelines on how to simplify the implementation phase by limiting the choices an engineer must make when implementing a multi-agent system for a manufacturing system. Â© 2020 The Authors.
30.	Bennulf, Mattias, 1992-, et al. (författare) Verification and deployment of automatically generated robot programs used in prefabrication of house walls 2018 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 72, s. 272-276 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper presents a method for automating the generation, verification and deployment of robot programs used in prefabrication of walls for family houses. The making of robot programs is today performed manually by experts, i.e. implying high costs. This is a huge disadvantage since each wall can be unique. The work demonstrates, with implementation and testing, a method to automate the generation of robot programs for fabrication of walls made of wood. This includes the task of generating collision free paths, automatic verification of path performance and deploying to a real industrial robot with minimal human interaction. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
31.	Beno, Tomas, et al. (författare) Measurement of cutting edge temperature in drilling 2012 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 3, s. 531-536 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this paper a methodology is described to conduct temperature measurement on the cutting edges and the clearance faces on twist drills using a fibre optic two color pyrometer. Two measuring positions of the fibre were used in order to determine the temperature at two different locations, centre and outer corner of the drill. The measurements were carried out on a stationary work piece and a rotating drill. The work piece materials ranged from tool steel, aged Inconel 718, Ti6-4 to carbon epoxy fibre composite. All experiments were conducted in dry machining conditions.© 2012 The Authors.
32.	Berglund, Johan, et al. (författare) Functional tolerancing of surface texture - A review of existing methods 2020 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2212-8271. ; , s. 230-235 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Surface texture parameters can provide a link between texture, its processing and function. Recent surveys and industrial experience have shown that the ISO 25178 areal surface texture parameters have not received the level of traction in industry that was predicted when introduced despite the fact that the areal parameters were predicted to have more functionally relevant characterisations than the ISO 4287 profile parameters. The objective of the paper is to enable more functionally relevant specifications of surface texture to be taken up by industry and the scientific community by increasing the knowledge of the ISO 25178 texture and novel feature parameters, and their potential use, as well as knowledge about methods for establishing functionally relevant surface texture specifications. In the paper, existing methods for functional tolerancing of surface texture are reviewed and discussed, examples of applications are given and a direction for continued research is presented. © 2020 The Authors
33.	Berglund, Johan, et al. (författare) Industrial needs and available techniques for geometry assurance for metal AM parts with small scale features and rough surfaces 2018 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2212-8271. ; , s. 131-136 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract From an industrial perspective this paper aims to explore the state of the art regarding GD&T for metal additive manufacturing, specifically regarding product definition and inspection. The available techniques for geometry assurance for parts with small scale features and rough surfaces are evaluated in terms of suitability for the task and readiness for industrial implementation. It is found that many of the remaining challenges seem to be related to processing of data rather than obtaining data. Current difficulties are related to issues such as calibration, surface determination and defining the most relevant parameters to tolerance and inspect.
34.	Berglund, Jonatan, 1983, et al. (författare) On the tradeoff between data density and data capture duration in 3D laser scanning for production system engineering 2016 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 41, s. 697-701 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract 3D laser scanning is a technology for capture of spatial data in three dimensions. The technology originates from the field of surveying and has since been spread to several other application areas. In the realm of production system engineering, 3D laser scanning is primarily used to verify equipment installation. Lately applications for the 3D scan data are emerging also when it comes to the planning of the installations and the use of the equipment. The motivation for using 3D scan data in the case of planning is primarily to have up-to-date and verified spatial data, including any undocumenter alterations from drawings and models. The process of capturing 3D scan data requires access to an unmovingproduction system which can be costly, either due to stopping produciton or by accessing it during nights or weekends. The more detailed the data collection is, the more time is required. Therefore there is a need to accurately define and plan the minimum data density requirement. This paper evaluates the effect of data density, and thus data collection duration, in a production system application. Data capture duration is shown to impact the usability of the resulting data. To further understand the trade-off and be able to use it as decision support there needs to be an analysis of the additional time and data storage costs created by increasing the number of scan locations.
35.	Berglund, Jonatan, 1983, et al. (författare) Production system geometry assurance using 3D imaging 2016 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 44, s. 132-137 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Production systems evolve to accommodate new and redesigned products. These changes are planned offline in virtual tools, to reduce disturbances on ongoing production. Offline planning requires virtual models that correctly represent reality. Most models are "as-designed" and suffer from geometrical errors stemming from deployment alterations. Such errors are often discovered late in the next change process or during installation, making corrections expensive. Having geometry assured production systems and models eliminate one source of error during the production system change process. This paper evaluates 3D imaging and the C2M (cloud-to-mesh) algorithm for assessing the validity of virtual production system models.
36.	Bertolini, R., et al. (författare) Ultrasonic Vibration and Cryogenic assisted drilling of Aluminum-CFRP Composite Stack : An innovative approach 2022 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 108, s. 94-99 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The request for more resistant but still light components has focused the manufacturing industry’s interest in composite materials. The manufacturing of parts made of composite may require drilling operations; nevertheless, assuring a good hole quality still represents a challenge for these materials. The present work provides, for the first time, a comparison between different drilling technologies, namely ultrasonic drilling and cryogenic drilling, proposing them as alternatives to dry drilling. After drilling, the hole surface quality is characterized in terms of geometrical accuracy and delamination. Results show that innovative cutting methods can significantly improve the drilling performances within a well-defined process parameters window.
37.	Bertoni, Alessandro, et al. (författare) Virtual Modeling for Lifecycle Performance Assessment in Aerospace Design 2016 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - Elsevier : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 47, s. 335-340, s. 335-340 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of the paper is to present an approach for the multidisciplinary evaluation of alternative modular concepts in preliminary design with the intent of enhancing engineers’ capability to simulate alternative scenarios with different design configurations, so to derive decisions about the most valuable design concepts to further develop. The research contribution is novel in the way that it expands the Set-Based-Engineering approach by addressing the “servitization” challenge in two ways: firstly by the use of value models and sustainability models as decision making support, making possible a preliminary assessment of the value contribution and of the sustainability performances of a design concept; secondly, by the use of functional modelling modules and configurable systems elements for platform-based design, to manage the complex relationships within and between parts of the platform throughout the lifecycle. The paper presents the main features of the approach and introduces an industrial case concerning the development of a module component for an aircraft engine in which the approach is applied for demonstration. The paper finally elaborates on the benefits and implications of the approach in the design process.
38.	Björkenstam, Staffan C, 1981, et al. (författare) Efficient sequencing of industrial robots through optimal control 2014 Ingår i: 5th CIRP Conference on Assembly Technologies and Systems, November 13-14, 2014, Dresden, Germany. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 23:C, s. 194-199 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In a production plant for complex assembled products there could be up to several hundred robots used for handling and joining operations. Thus, improvements in robot motion can have a huge impact on equipment utilization and energy consumption. By combining recent algorithms for collision free numerical optimal control and for optimal sequencing, we are able to cut down on energy consumption without sacrificing cycle time. The algorithm has been successfully applied to several industrial cases demonstrating that the proposed method can be used effectively in practical applications to find fast and energy efficient solutions.
39.	Björkenstam, Staffan C, 1981, et al. (författare) Enhancing digital human motion planning of assembly tasks through dynamics and optimal control 2016 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 44, s. 20-25 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Better operator ergonomics in assembly plants reduce work related injuries, improve quality, productivity and reduce cost. In this paper we investigate the importance of modeling dynamics when planning for manual assembly operations. We propose modeling the dynamical human motion planning problem using the Discrete Mechanics and Optimal Control (DMOC) method, which makes it possible to optimize with respect to very general objectives. First, two industrial cases are simulated using a quasi-static inverse kinematics solver, demonstrating problems where this approach is sufficient. Then, the DMOC-method is used to solve for optimal trajectories of a lifting operation with dynamics. The resulting trajectories are compared to a steady state solution along the same path, indicating the importance of using dynamics.
40.	Blixt, Kevin, et al. (författare) Simulation of nanometric cutting using molecular dynamics 2021 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - 2212-8271. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of this work is to perform molecular dynamic simulations of nanometric cutting on single crystal copper with a diamond tool in orderto investigate the dependence of crystallographic orientation and cutting speeds on the cutting forces, machined surface and temperature. It wasfound that the temperature in the substrate, locally and globally, increased for increasing velocity. A higher degree of surface roughness was foundfor the [1 1 0] orientation and the tendency to form a granular structure behind the tool was found for the [1 1 0] and [1 1 1] orientations. For thesame tool advancement, a longer and thinner chip is formed only for higher velocities, while no significant dierence was found for the cuttingforces.
41.	Boffa, Eleonora, et al. (författare) A descriptive framework to characterize the manufacturing domain in the context of business models 2019 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; , s. 1360-1365 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Technological advancements require sound application to deliver their innovation potential. Bringing a new technology to the market involves accounting for infrastructures, network and competences of a firm across a timeframe spanning from short to long term. A growing part of the scientific community addresses this heterogeneous task through the definition of the Business Model (BM). BM is emerging as a separate field of study including all the aspects related with technological application: their definition, use, interconnection and evolution. Nevertheless, BM is a relatively poorly explored area of contribution in the manufacturing domain. This paper delves into specific literature to provide a more extensive characterization of the aspects discussed within manufacturing research through the lens of the BM perspective. Specifically, it contributes to describe the impact of trends such as Servitization and Sustainability which affect the BM´s components and could possibly trigger a Business Model Innovation in manufacturing firms.
42.	Bokrantz, Jon, 1988, et al. (författare) The use of engineering tools and methods in maintenance organisations: mapping the current state in the manufacturing industry 2016 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 57, s. 556-561 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Digitalisation is the future of the manufacturing industry, and it will entail production systems that are highly automated, efficient, and flexible. The realisation of such systems will require effective maintenance organisations that adopt engineering approaches, e.g. engineering tools and methods. However, little is known about their actual extent of use in industry. Through a survey study in 70 Swedish manufacturing companies, this study shows to what extent engineering tools and methods are used in maintenance organisations, as well as to what extent companies have maintenance engineers performing work related to engineering tools and methods. Overall, the results indicate a potential for increasing the use of engineering tools and methods in both the operational and the design and development phase. This increase can contribute towards achieving high equipment performance, which is a necessity for the realisation of digital manufacturing
43.	Bonilla Hernández, Ana Esther, et al. (författare) Analysis of Tool Utilization from Material Removal Rate Perspective 2015 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 29, s. 109-113 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract An end of life strategy algorithm has been used to study a CNC program to evaluate how the cutting inserts are used in terms of their full utilization. Utilized tool life (UTL) and remaining tool life (RTL) were used to evaluate if the insert has been used to its limits of expected tool life, or contributing to an accumulated tool waste. It is demonstrated that possible means to improvement exists to increase the material removal rate (MRR), thereby using the insert until its remaining tool life is as close to zero as possible. It was frequently found that inserts were used well below their maximum performance with respect to cutting velocity.
44.	Bonilla Hernández, Ana Esther, et al. (författare) Energy and Cost Estimation of a Feature-based Machining Operation on HRSA 2017 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 61:Supplement C, s. 511-516 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Forward-looking manufacturing companies aim for sustainable production with low environmental footprint. This is true also for aerospace engine-makers, although their environmental impact mostly occurs during the use-phase of their products. Materials, such as Nickel alloys, are used for special applications where other materials will not withstand tough working conditions in terms of pressure and temperature. Heat Resistant Super Alloys are, however, considered difficult to machine and cutting tools will wear off rapidly. In this paper, a simple way to estimate the energy required, the cost and environmental footprint to produce a work piece using standard engineering software is presented. The results show that for a hypothetical 3 tonne work piece, Inconel 718 will be considerably cheaper and require less water but will require more energy, and has considerably larger CO2 footprint than Waspaloy.
45.	Botkina, Darya, et al. (författare) Digital Twin of a Cutting Tool 2018 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 72, s. 215-218 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper focuses on a digital twin of a cutting tool as a digital replica of a physical tool, its data format and structure, information flows and data management, as well as possibilities for further applications and analysis of productivity. Data are collected throughout the production lifecycle in an accurate way, using the international standard ISO 13399 and messaging based on the previously developed event-driven line information system architecture (LISA) with IoT functionality. The digital twin is tweeted to be stored, refined and propagated to the process planning for an optimized machining solution.
46.	Bouchouireb, Hamza, et al. (författare) The inclusion of vehicle shape and aerodynamic drag estimations within the life cycle energy optimisation methodology 2019 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 84, s. 902-907 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The present work describes a widening of the scope of the Life Cycle Energy Optimisation (LCEO) methodology with the addition of shape-related design variables. They describe the curvature of a vehicle which impacts its aerodynamic drag and therewith its operational energy demand. Aerodynamic drag is taken into account through the estimation of the drag coefficient of the vehicle body shape using computational fluid dynamics simulations. Subsequently, the aforementioned coefficient is used to calculate the operational energy demand associated with the vehicle. The methodology is applied to the design of the roof of a simplified 2D vehicle model which is both mechanically and geometrically constrained. The roof is modelled as a sandwich structure with its design variables consisting of the material compositions of the different layers, their thicknesses as well as the shape variables. The efficacy of the LCEO methodology is displayed through its ability to deal with the arising functional conflicts while simultaneously leveraging the design benefits of the underlying functional alignments. On average, the optimisation process resulted in 2.5 times lighter and 4.5 times less life cycle energy-intensive free shape designs. This redesign process has also underlined the necessity of defining an allocation strategy for the energy necessary to overcome drag within the context of vehicle sub-system redesign.
47.	Boyang, M., et al. (författare) Open architecture CNC system based on soft-integrated communication 2018 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271. ; , s. 671-676 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The open architecture computer numerical control (OACNC) system meets the individualized demand of modern industry for its characteristics of flexibility, adaptability, versatility, and expansibility. Existing OACNC systems depend on specialized software which reduces the openness of the OACNC system. This paper introduces a new OACNC system based on a soft-integrated communication module. The module improves the data exchange principle in communication shared memory and is built by open API. Therefore the OACNC system can be compatible with different communication protocols between periodic and aperiodic. Then a case is proposed to test the compatibility and extensibility of the system. Finally, the prospect of the OACNC system and future research is discussed.
48.	Braun, Alina, et al. (författare) Cognitive Quality: An Unexplored Perceived Quality Dimension in the Automotive Industry 2020 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 91, s. 869-874 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Well known, perceived quality is a game-changer in consumers’ decision-making processes and is seen as one key predictor of a product’s and company’s success. Today, the automotive industry faces challenges not only to deliver superior manufacturing quality in order to excel in perceived quality, but also to induce a positive sensory and cognitive response from its customers. Previous research aimed to quantify and unpick consumers’ perception of quality in order to meet consumer expectations and requirements. Cognitive processes related to product design have been explored in a variety of disciplines, ranging from the design research, specifically in the field of aesthetics, to sociopsychology. In the engineering and manufacturing research field, however, there is a significant gap regarding ‘intangibles’ related to car design. In this conceptual paper, we extend our previous work by presenting the concept of Cognitive Quality as a new dimension of the Perceived Quality Framework (PQF). The PQF, in its turn, illustrates the sensory, attribute-centric engineering viewpoint on quality perception. Therefore, the new Cognitive Quality dimension significantly contributes to the theoretical foundation of perceived quality in engineering and manufacturing research, specifically in the automotive field.
49.	Braun, Greta, 1995, et al. (författare) Ingenjör4.0 – A National Upskilling Programme to Bridge Industry’s Skill Gap 2023 Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 2212-8271. ; 120, s. 1286-1291, s. 1286-1291 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Manufacturing industry needs major transformation to meet disruptive environmental, social, and economic challenges, thus requiring a highly skilled workforce. This paper presents key functionalities, results, and best-practices for the launch and operation of a national upskilling platform. The Swedish upskilling programme Ingenjör 4.0's operations have been constantly user-monitored through participant surveys measuring appreciation for training content from the participants and identifying areas with potential for improvement. Thematic analysis of 137 survey responses identified dimensions relevant for an upskilling programme's success. Results show that success factors and hurdles typically lie within the following dimensions: relevance, organization and structure, working life competencies, support from teachers, and collaboration with other learners. The paper concludes that national programmes like Ingenjör4.0 can, in a short time, have deep impact on skill levels for manufacturing industries in areas such as industrial digitalization. Highlighted success factors are: participant appreciation of highly relevant content, collaboration with other participants, highly competent teachers, and the collaboration between universities. Obstacles for the learners are feelings of mismatch in challenges and prior knowledge, lack of feedback and applicable working life examples in the teaching, and the need for increased collaboration with other participants.
50.	Bushlya, Volodymyr, et al. (författare) Effect of Cutting Conditions on Machinability of Superalloy Inconel 718 During High Speed Turning with Coated and Uncoated PCBN Tools 2012 Ingår i: 45th CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems 2012. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. - 9781627485128 ; 3, s. 370-375 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Inconel 718, an efficient superalloy for energy and aerospace applications, is currently machined with cemented carbide tools at low speed (vc≈60 m/min) due to its unfavorable mechanical and thermal properties. The article presents results of superalloy machinability study with uncoated and coated PCBN tools aiming on increased speed and efficiency. Aspects of tool life, tool wear and surface integrity were studied. It was found that protective function of the coating, increasing tool life up to 20%, is limited to low cutting speed range. EDX and AFM analyses suggested dominance of chemical and abrasive wear mechanisms. Residual stress analysis has shown advantageous compressive surface stresses.

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