| 1. |
- Algurén, Beatrix, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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In-depth understanding of single bicycle crashes in Sweden : Crash characteristics, injury types and health outcomes differentiated by gender and age-groups
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: To study in-depth characteristics of single bicycle crashes and type of injuries considering gender and age differences. Methods: Hospital reported bicycle crashes identified in the Swedish national database STRADA were combined with self-reported detailed information regarding crash circumstances and injury outcomes. Gender and age-group differences were investigated using univariate statistics and Pearson Chi- Square test. Results: A total of 616 cyclists injured in single bicycle crashes between 2013 and 2017 were included. Participants (49% women) had a mean age of 58 years (ranged 15–89 years), most rode a comfort bike (54%) and cycled several times a week (81%). The most common crash type was skidding on ice or snow (26%). This crash type was significantly more common among women than men (30% versus 21%). Women more than twice as often lost balance at low or no speed (13% versus 5%). While men's injuries were located more than twice as often at shoulder and upper arm (28% versus 11%), women injured more than four times as often the lower leg and ankle (30% versus 7%). Differences regarding age-groups could be observed as an exponential increase of hip and upper leg injuries with increased age (9, 19 and 38%). Older cyclists were more often injured while losing balance at no or low speed and while getting on or off the bicycle. Conclusions: Concrete countermeasures to prevent injuries in single bicycle crashes can be suggested and directed to different target groups, i.e. women or men or younger or elderly.
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| 2. |
- Annear, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Walkability in Japan’s aging neighborhoods : A comparative audit analysis of pedestrian journeys in urban Tokyo
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tokyo is the most aged mega-city in the world, yet it has been subjected to few micro-scale evaluations of walkability in its super-aged neighborhoods. Systematic walking audits were conducted in two aging cities within western aspect of Tokyo to assess street-level walkability from older-adult housing to local destinations. A multi-method approach included administration of the Microscale Analysis of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS-mini) tool augmented with GIS analyses and photography across 10 super-aged neighborhoods (40 walking routes and 102 street segments) in the cities of Musashino and Mitaka. Musashino city had measurably better conditions for walking than the adjacent municipality of Mitaka with evidence of significant intra- and inter-city environmental variations. Prevailing barriers across both cities included poor access to parks and public transit, limited seating and shelter, inconsistent pedestrian infrastructure, narrow roadways, and few traffic calming measures. Signs of neighborhood disorder were conspicuously absent suggesting that sociocultural influences may enhance walkability in the context of sparse infrastructural support. These findings have implications for age-friendly remediation of pedestrian conditions in aging mega cities.
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| 3. |
- Blane, Alison, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive ability as a predictor of task demand and self-rated driving performance in post-stroke drivers : Implications for self-regulation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 9, s. 169-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Driving is a highly complex task requiring multiple cognitive processes that can be adversely affected post-stroke. It is unclear how much ability post-stroke adults have to self-evaluate their driving performance. Furthermore, the impact of cognitive decline on this evaluation has not been previously investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the perceived level of task demand involved in driving tasks, and to examine differences between perceived and observed driving performance in post-stroke drivers in comparison to a control group. A further aim of the research was to investigate the influence of cognition on self-rated driving performance. A total of 78 participants (35 post-stroke and 43 controls) were assessed using a series of cognitive tasks and were observed whilst driving. Participants were asked to rate their own driving performance and the task demand involved while driving using the NASA Task Load Index. Between group analyses were conducted to determine differences in the level of self-rated performance and task demand. Further analyses were conducted to investigate whether cognition accounted for differences in task demand or self-rated performance. Overall, the results suggested that the post-stroke drivers exhibited deficits in cognition, but they did not report increased levels of task demand when driving. Post-stroke adults also rated themselves more conservatively than the controls for on-road performance, which was associated with their reduced propensity for risk. The study suggests that cognitive deficits may influence post-stroke drivers to amend their driving behaviour, in order to bring the task demand within a manageable level. Understanding the mechanisms involved in self-rated performance and estimations of task demand can help promote accurate self-regulation practices in post-stroke drivers. Furthermore, measuring calibration may assist practitioners with assessing fitness-to-drive, as well as with tailoring driving rehabilitation. © 2018.
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| 4. |
- Burgueño, Rafael, et al.
(författare)
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Basic psychological need satisfaction in active commuting to and from school BPNS-ACS(SWE)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe absence of appropriate Swedish-language instrumentation to assess active commuting to school has largely hampered the study of the individual factors of the children, such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness to active commuting to school.PurposeBuilding upon self-determination theory, the objective of this research was to gather evidence of the validity and reliability of the Swedish version of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction in Active Commuting to and from School (BPNS-ACS) tool.MethodsThe cross-sectional and purposive sample included 273 children (51.28% girls) from urban areas.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis underpinned the three-factor correlated model, which was invariant across gender. Evidence in support of discriminant and convergent validity and reliability was gathered. Criterion validity evidence was met by positive and significant predictions of autonomy, competence, and relatedness satisfaction on active commuting to and from school.ConclusionsThe Swedish version of the BPNS-ACS is a psychometrically robust measure of children’s perceptions of autonomy, competence, and relatedness satisfaction in active commuting to school and could be used to assess the effects of school-based interventions on need satisfaction for active commuting to school.
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| 5. |
- Ceccato, Vania, Professor, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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The situational conditions of suicide in transit environments : An analysis using CCTV footage
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: We explore the use of CCTV footage to map suicidal self-injurious behavior on a subway platform to better understand the settings and the situational conditions of individuals just before they attempt suicide. Methods: We use footage from CCTV cameras for gaining new insight into the situational conditions that relate to suicidal self-directed violence in the transit system in Stockholm, Sweden. We adopt a space-time budget template to record, step-by-step, what happens over time as individuals on the platform wait for an incoming train. The analysis applies visualization tools (VISUAL-TimePAcTS) and uses a cross-over design to identify risk factors associated with suicide. Results: Findings show that suicide risk varies both temporally and spatially. Among all types of possible behaviors and places, being close to the edge of the platform of the opposite direction of the train and crossing the security line – this behavior and place combined – are associated with increased risk of suicide. Conclusions: We confirm that using CCTV footage as data source provides valuable insight into relevant situational conditions in which suicides take place, which can be useful to inform prevention strategies, particularly information about behavior and place combined. The article concludes by reflecting upon the importance of these results for future research.
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| 6. |
- Chapman, David, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Practical urban planning for winter cycling : lessons from a Swedish pilot study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionA detailed understanding of how the weather affects cycling is lacking. Where research has been carried out, the focus has often been on temperate and hotter climates; little research has been carried out regarding cycling in colder climate communities. This study therefore investigated the lived experience of winter-season cycling to provide empirical data for planning winter cycling in cold-climate communities.MethodsBetween 1 December 2017 and 30 April 2018, the activities of 13 cyclists (eight female and five male, mean age 42 years, age range 11–74 years) in Luleå, Sweden, were surveyed. Methods: Structured questionnaires, individual travel diaries, and recorded data for outdoor temperature, precipitation type, and snow cover were used.Results1) Cycle level and frequency could be maintained during the winter season; 2) in winter, participants were more likely to use their bicycles for commuting than other activities, 3) electric bicycles helped winter cycling significantly; 4) the quality of the cycling infrastructure is critical to making winter cycling attractive.ConclusionFor winter cycling to be successful, town planners need to consider winter cycling as a specific activity with its own design, policy and management requirements. This study has shown that year-round cycling can be achieved in cold-climate communities, with all its attendant potential health benefits.
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| 7. |
- Cowan, Georgia, et al.
(författare)
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Fixation patterns of individuals with and without Autism Spectrum disorder : Do they differ in shared zones and in zebra crossings?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 8, s. 112-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shared zones are a contemporary traffic zone that promotes equality between multiple road users and efficiently utilizes available space, while simultaneously maintaining safety and function. As this is a relatively new traffic zone, it is important to understand how pedestrians navigate a shared zone and any potential challenges this may pose to individuals with impairments. The aim of this study was to utilize eye-tracking technology to determine fixations and fixation duration on traffic relevant objects, non-traffic relevant objects, and eye contact, in 40 individuals with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in a shared zone and a zebra crossing. It was assumed that individuals with ASD would make less eye contact in the shared zone compared to the group of typically developing adults. A total of 3287 fixations across the shared zone and zebra crossing were analysed for areas of interest that were traffic relevant, non-traffic relevant, and eye contact, and for fixation duration. Individuals with ASD did not display any difference in terms of eye contact in the shared zone and the zebra crossing when compared to the controls. All pedestrians were more likely to look at traffic relevant objects at the zebra crossing compared to the shared zone. Individuals with ASD had an overall shorter fixation duration compared to the control group, indicating people with ASD either process information quickly, or they do not process it for long enough, although these findings require further investigation. While shared zones have many benefits for traffic movement and environmental quality, it appeared that pedestrians displayed safer road crossing behaviours at a zebra crossing than in a shared zone, indicating that more education and environmental adaptations are required to make shared zones safe for all pedestrians.
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| 8. |
- Engstrom, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Health impacts of active commuters' exposure to traffic-related air pollution in Stockholm, Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Addressing walking and cycling commuters, this study aimed to measure personal exposure to traffic-related air pollution and analyze the associated health risks. Method: Diffusive NO2-samplers were worn by 19 participants as they commuted to work in rush-hour traffic in May 2018 in Stockholm, Sweden (in total 336 trips, 197 h). The average NO2-concentration per route was measured, and the health impacts were calculated based on previous epidemiological studies of the association between annual NO2-exposure and premature death. Result: The measured average concentration per route ranged from 48 to 105 mu gNO(2)/m(3), and the average 67 mu gNO(2)/m(3) was more than five times higher than the urban background. This corresponded to an annual mean exposure of 16.4 mu gNO(2)/m(3), 40% higher than the average exposure at other times. Thus, the increased risk for premature death was 3.3%, with a range of 1.9%-4.8%, as related to assumptions regarding breathing rates and risk relationships between NO2-exposure and premature death. For active commuters in Stockholm in general, this indicated that one-fourth (23%) of the annual inhaled dose of NO2 could be attributed to commuting, and that the risk for premature death increased by 2.5% (1.4%-3.7%) due to air pollution. Note that these results were indicative rather than precise. These relationships may be applicable to active commuters in other cities. Conclusion: The results indicated that active commuting in Stockholm is associated with significant exposure to traffic-related air pollution and that this increases the risk of premature death. It is recommended that future studies consider longer time periods to assess active commuters' personal exposure with higher precision. Policy implications include greater separation between active commuters and motor traffic, and promotion of behavioral changes in favor of emissions free vehicles and active modes of transport.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Gard, Gunvor, et al.
(författare)
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Pedestrians perceptions of community walking with anti-slip devices : an explorative case study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 11, s. 202-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The risk of falls on slippery surfaces during wintertime is a public safety problem in the Nordic region in the Arctic. The aim of this case study was to explore pedestrians perceptions of walking safety, balance, slipping risk, priority for own use and subjective criteria for a well functioning anti-slip device. An experimental set-up was utilised in which nine pedestrians tested 19 anti-slip devices by simulating walking in realistic traffic situations on four different surfaces. The pedestrians favoured devices with a high number of friction points, distributed under the whole sole (in-built) or forefoot (sandpaper). Also, a whole-foot device with a high number of spikes received high ratings in all aspects measured except in balance enabling properties. Identified subjective criteria were safe foothold, comfort, enabling a normal gait, stability, silence, and predictability. The results indicate that both anti-slip properties and balance enabling properties of the device need to be considered for safe community walking
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| 11. |
- Gustavsson, Johanna, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Individual and contextual factors associated with the use of anti-slip devices according to a Swedish national survey
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 17, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionWalking as a means of transportation can enforce a more active lifestyle and constitutes an environmentally friendly option to motor vehicles. However, in Northern countries, ice and snow tend to increase the risk of fall injuries among pedestrians during the winter. Therefore, the use of anti-slip devices, such as ice cleats or “studded footwear”, has been suggested as a viable intervention in promoting an active lifestyle whilst reducing injury risk. We investigate the usage of anti-slip devices, focusing on people 50 years and above living in Sweden.MethodWe used nationally representative survey data for men and women aged 18–79 years and residing in Sweden (n = 23,168), focusing primarily on middle-aged to older adults (50+ years). We used logistic regression to identify predictors of use.ResultsOverall, our estimates suggest that 28.5 (95% CI: 27.0, 29.2) percent of the Swedish population use anti-slip devices during snowy and slippery road conditions, with usage rates increasing strongly with age (from roughly 10 percent at 20 years to 60 percent at 79 years). In addition, the results show that being female, experiencing a fear of falling, living in a municipality with a high number of snow days, and using other types of personal safety equipment increases the probability of being an anti-slip device user.ConclusionsOur results imply that people at risk for outdoor fall injuries are high users. Even so, the number of pedestrian injuries due to slipping on snow and ice are still substantial and there are a several potential target groups for future intervention. More research is needed to determine if the devices are used correctly, and to determine the barriers to anti-slip device use in low-use populations.
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| 12. |
- Gärling, Tommy, 1941-, et al.
(författare)
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Review and assessment of self-reports of travel-related emotional wellbeing
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Travel behavior research has only started to address how travel affects emotional wellbeing. The development of measurement methods is an important goal of this research.Methods: A review and assessment of methods of measuring travel-related emotional wellbeing is presented guided by a conceptual framework specifying what is measured (cognitive evaluations, emotional responses, or moods), the way it is measured (proactively, instantaneously, or retrospectively), and when it is measured (before, during, or after travel). Anticipated, current, residual and recalled moods are the objects of the measurement. Only studies of commuting or other types of daily travel are addressed.Results: We find that no research has measured anticipated moods, some research has measured current moods before, after and during travel, and most research has measured recalled moods.Conclusions: The most valid and reliable method is to measure current mood instantaneously at several points in time, before, during, and after travel. A measure of emotional wellbeing can then be obtained by objective aggregation. An approximate more feasible method is to retrospectively measure recalled moods for a given specified time period that may not only include travel. The available methods for measuring recalled moods have acceptable psychometric properties but research is needed to validate these methods by comparing the results to an objective aggregation of instantaneous measures of current mood at different points in time.
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| 13. |
- Lindqvist, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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One should really be more worried about too little physical activity than injuries while walking or cycling to school. Parents’ perception of risk concerning active school transportation.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionActive school transportation (AST) can be a powerful strategy to promote physical activity and improve children's health. Parents' perceptions of traffic risks are an important factor in their decision concerning their child's transport mode to school and addressing discordances between the percieved risks and actual incidents might contribute to promote children's AST. This study adopted a game originally designed for the context of information security to resonate with the context of Swedish AST and the aim of the study was to describe parent's experience of playing the game.MethodsA qualitative approach was chosen and data was collected using focus groups with 16 parents for totally 29 children aged 7–12. The collected data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe results formed one main theme “Playing promotes parents' awareness and consideration of active school transportation” and three subthemes; “Fast, fun, and functional; Experiences from playing the game” showing that the parents perceived the game to be fun, easy, and time efficient to play. “Then and now. Own childhood experience vs being a parent” showing that parents' perception of risk can sometimes be barriers to their children's opportunity to use AST. “Personal perceptions vs statistical risk” showing that playing the game addressed the discordance between the parents' perceived risks and actual incidents, as well as promoted parents' awareness and consideration of AST.ConclusionsIncluding an intervention component such as a game for parents and using schools as the arena for implementing projects promoting AST to improve children's physical activity levels, might be a fruitful avenue.
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| 14. |
- Mejsner, Sofie Buch, et al.
(författare)
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Perspectives on empowerment programs, and interventions in maritime settings : A systematic review
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 36
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Evidence on workplace safety and health promotion interventions shows that the interventions have failed to demonstrate substantial benefits for seafarers. It is therefore important to explore what is the evidence of interventions with empowering elements regarding seafarers’ safety and health. This study aims to examine what is known about health promotion interventions in a maritime setting and whether they include an empowerment perspective. And secondly, what were the effects of these efforts. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed and NLM Gateway (for MEDLINE), Institute of Scientific Information/Web of Science (ISI/WOS), and SCOPUS up to July 2022 by using standard keywords including empowerment in the maritime setting. Data extraction was done by three independent reviewers. The quality of included studies was assessed by using the critical appraisal checklists from Joanna Briggs institute. Results: From 3313 studies initially identified, 10 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Interventions covered a wide range of topics such as educational interventions on safety, first aid training, weight management, healthy eating, sexual harassment, alcohol abuse, and cancer prevention training. None of the studies applied a specific theory or definitions of empowerment even though their aim was to increase seafarers’ empowerment in these areas. Conclusion: The studies focused on improving the safety and health status of the seafarers, however, they had no explicit focus on participation and empowerment. Increasing research with an empowerment approach in maritime sector is recommended to enhance the feasibility and success of the programs in this hard-to-reach occupation. Systematic review registration number in PROSPERO: CRD42021260098.
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| 15. |
- Nyberg, Jonna, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Welfare consequences for individuals whose driving licenses are withdrawn due to visual field loss : A Swedish example
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- HighlightsNegative consequences in many welfare dimensions due to driving license withdrawal.Car-oriented land use affect the ability to use alternative transport.Strong links between transport access, participation in activities, and welfare.Perceptions of unfairness concerning the license withdrawal due to visual field loss.Reduced citizen trust in government regulations/decisions warrants further research.
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| 16. |
- Nyström, Michelle, et al.
(författare)
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Making the right decision for our children's future: Parents' perceptions of active school travel in disadvantaged neighborhoods
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundChildren's possibility to be physically active is linked to their parent's socioeconomic status. The use of active travel has the potential to increase daily physical activity among children. Parents are the gate-keepers to children using active school travel (AST) and their perceptions has shown to impact children's travel mode. Few studies have explored parents' perceptions about AST in disadvantaged neighborhoods and there is a lack of knowledge of their perceptions of the physical and social environment associated with school travel.PurposeTo explore parents’ perceptions towards AST when living in disadvantaged neighborhoods.MethodsTwelve parents participated in semi-structured interviews, and a qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data.ResultsThe findings show that parents faced dilemmas, striving to facilitate AST. Parents perceptions are presented as A, B, C categories that are likely to be important when promoting AST in disadvantaged neighborhoods, Acknowledging AST advantages, Balancing barriers, and Creating opportunities to use AST.ConclusionsDespite having a positive attitude towards AST, insecure neighborhoods and social exclusion affect parents'descisions about AST. When promoting AST in disadvantaged neighborhoods, measures to enable AST should include efforts supporting community building, social participation, road safety and ways of promoting bicycling. Engaging children in AST could have a positive influence on their independent mobility, thereby impacting their development and preparing them for the future.
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| 17. |
- Ohlin, Maria, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Duration of sickness absence following a bicycle crash, by injury type and injured body region: A nationwide register-based study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 9, s. 275-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, bicycle injuries have increased but little is known about the relation of such injures to sickness absence (SA). The aim of this study was to investigate duration of SA > 14 days after a bicycle crash, in general and by injury type and injured body region. A population-based study was conducted, including all individuals living in Sweden, aged 16-64 years, who in 2009-2011 had in-or specialized outpatient medical care due to a new injury from a bicycle crash (n = 22,045), excluding those already on SA or full-time disability pension at the time of the crash. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for a new SA were estimated by logistic regression. In total, 4387 (20%) had new SA in connection to the crash. SA was most common among individuals aged 55-64 years (32%), and more common among women (23%) than men (18%). Fractures was the injury type with the highest OR for SA across all durations, but highest for 30-89 days (8.09; CI 6.30-10.39). Spine and back was the body region with the highest OR for SA >= 90 days (11.98; CI 7.38-19.46), followed by Traumatic Brain Injuries (6.64; CI 4.01-10.98), and injuries to lower extremities (5.28; CI 3.58-7.78). For 235 individuals (5%) the SA spell lasted >= 180 days. Among those cases, the most commonly injured body regions were lower leg (21%) followed by shoulder and upper arm (17%), and Traumatic Brain Injuries (15%). In conclusion, the duration of SA varied with type of injury and injured body region. Among the very long SA spells, common injuries were injuries to the lower leg, to the shoulder and upper arm, and traumatic brain injuries.
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| 18. |
- Olsson, Lars E., Professor, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Travel and life satisfaction - From Gen Z to the silent generation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The aim of the present study was to examine differences in public transport use, quality perceptions, and travel satisfaction and their relation to life satisfaction across five generations. Methods: Self-report questionnaires (online or by phone) were collected from 3257 respondents (aged 16-90) with varying degree of public transport use, across five cities in northern Europe (Stockholm, Helsinki, Oslo, Copenhagen, Bergen). The data were analyzed in three steps: (i) explorative using Kruskal-Wallis Anovas, (ii) conceptual model testing using PLS-SEM, and (iii) analyses of generational differences regarding public transport quality dimensions, travel satisfaction and life satisfaction through Analyses of variance. Results: In line with our hypothesis and previous research, we find that satisfaction with travel had a positive relationship with life satisfaction, showing once again the importance of acknowledging people's travel satisfaction. Levels of satisfaction linearly increased with generation, but the effect of travel on life satisfaction did not, thus indicating that travel satisfaction is equally important to all. Security/safety was furthermore an important quality attribute directly related to both satisfaction with travel and to life satisfaction. We observed, using multigroup analyses, that the youngest generations are very similar with respect to the importance of quality attributes. People in these generations also travel frequently and have active lifestyles, and are hence very dependent on the transport system. Conclusions: It is concluded that, we need to improve travel experiences and emphasize secure and safe travel, especially for the young, as this is related to their life satisfaction.Corrigendum to article published in Journal of Transport and Health (2021), Article nr: 100997. DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2020.100997
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| 19. |
- Radun, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Deliberate fatal crashes involving a motor vehicle and a cyclist or pedestrian
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Deliberate crashes are caused by road users engaging in insurance fraud, attempting suicide, or “punishing” other road users. In this study, we investigated deliberate crashes that resulted in the deaths of “vulnerable” road users (cyclists and pedestrians).Methods: We used in-depth road crash investigation data from the Finnish Crash Data Institute and court decisions for a selected number of cases in which the deceased had not been the main originator of the crash.Results: In 1997–2018, 96 pedestrians and five cyclists died in 101 deliberately caused crashes involving a motor vehicle. The majority of these crashes were caused by suicides (94/96 pedestrian and 3/5 cyclist crashes). Most of suicide crashes (79%) involved a heavy vehicle. Eighty percent of the victims were male. Previous suicidal thoughts and attempts, and a history of mental disorders/illness was prevalent around two thirds of the originators of the crashes. Four cases were caused by motor vehicle drivers. According to court rulings, the drivers in two of these cases were convicted of manslaughter.Conclusions: We provide some possible reasons for this relatively high number of road suicides in Finland and discuss the legal implications of deliberately hitting pedestrians or cyclists with a motor vehicle.
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| 20. |
- Radun, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Using personal cars for emergency transport of patients with life-threatening medical conditions : A pilot study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personal motor vehicle usage is not typically associated with health benefits in any cost-benefit analysis of different modes of transport. In this study, we explored the usage of personal cars for emergency transport to a hospital or emergency department because of a life-threatening situation. The data for the study were gathered as a part of a larger traffic safety survey. The sample was representative of Finnish-speaking residents older than 15 years (N = 1025). Every seventh (14.2%) respondent reported that someone from their household had used a personal car to transport a person requiring urgent medical attention to a hospital or emergency department. The types of life-threatening situations and reasons for using a personal car in these instances were also reported. We discuss the implications for cost-benefit analyses of this transportation mode.
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| 21. |
- Raza, Wasif, et al.
(författare)
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Health benefits of leisure time and commuting physical activity : a meta-analysis of effects on morbidity
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: A protective role of leisure time physical activity with regard to non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) is well established. However, shapes of dose-response relationships and the extent of BMI mediation between physical activity and disease risk are not well known. Furthermore, the knowledge about risk reductions from active commuting is limited. Methods: Meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies published from January 1990 to June 2019 were conducted, 1) to assess the effect of leisure time and commuting physical activity on cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, breast cancer and colon cancer, and 2) to quantify the extent to which adjustment for BMI affect these relations. Results: Random effect meta-analyses of 59 prospective cohort studies estimated that individuals who engaged in 11.25 MET-hours/week of active commuting had a decreased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) by 18% (95% CI: 1-33%) and type 2 diabetes by 22% (95% CI: 4-37%) compared with non-commuters. Corresponding risk reductions for leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) were 22% for MI, 26% for CVD, 27% for heart failure, 23% for stroke, 22% for type 2 diabetes, 15% for colon cancer and 7% for breast cancer. Except for breast cancer, adjustment for BMI reduced the benefit of physical activity. Conclusion: Both active commuting and LTPA are associated with lower risk for NCD. Currently, available data is insufficient to establish detail and reliable dose-response curves.
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| 22. |
- Ryan, Jean, et al.
(författare)
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Cycling and cycling cessation in later life : Findings from the city of Malmö
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 3:1, s. 38-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to gain a greater insight into cycling as an element of mobility among those in later life. The characteristics and views of those who cycle, those who have never cycled, as well as those who have discontinued cycling in later life are the main focus. Malmö, a city in the south of Sweden with a strong emphasis on bicycle planning, is the study area. This study employed a mixed methods approach. The quantitative element comprised a survey which aimed to capture the trends at play when it comes to cycling within this age group. The qualitative element encompassed two focus groups which were carried out in order to gain a deeper insight into older persons' perspectives and perceptions with respect to cycling. The study's findings illustrate the very positive and important role cycling can play in the mobility of older persons in the city of Malmö. It is not only possible but also mostly enjoyable for many older people to cycle. Cycling is a facilitator of activities and is largely associated with convenience and ease. There are clear differences between cyclists and non-cyclists, with the former generally having a wider range of mobility opportunities available to them. Cycling cessation is anticipated as a very distressing, yet inevitable, life event by those who still cycle. The results of this study suggest that campaigns aimed at increasing the awareness and consideration of other road users towards older cyclists, as well as the introduction of clearer and more visible signage could support older cyclists in prolonging their cycling, as well as improving the experience they have as they do cycle. Increasing awareness of the health benefits of cycling could be another means of encouraging people to continue cycling as they age.
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| 23. |
- Savolainen, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility of a school-based intervention to promote active school transportation – The school personnel's perspective
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThere is a growing need to invest in interventions that promote physical activity, such as active school transportation. Ideally, these interventions should be school-based to reach as many children as possible. However, school personnel have a heavy workload, and interventions must be feasible and sustainable. This study aims to explore the feasibility of a school-based intervention from the school personnel's perspective and increase knowledge about what makes an intervention in a school context feasible.MethodsA qualitative design was applied with individual interviews with 19 participants, including principals, teachers, project coordinators, one school nurse, and one operation manager. The data were analyzed with qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe result were formulated into one main theme “Crossing the threshold – enter and you might feel at home” and three subthemes “Flexibility for integration in the school context”, “Sensing meaningfulness is essential for being worth the effort” and “A supportive design to enhance enthusiasm”. These themes indicate that schools have a heavy workload and that there is a threshold for schools to invest time and effort into health promoting intervention. Flexibility, meaningfulness, and support were thus crucial elements for making an intervention in the school context feasible.ConclusionThe results of this study outline a promising strategy to meet the needs of school personnel and can serve as a valuable guide for further research concerning school-based interventions aiming to promote health.
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| 24. |
- Siren, Anu, et al.
(författare)
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Different types of out-of-home activities and well-being amongst urban residing old persons with mobility impediments
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 2:1, s. 14-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Independent mobility has been proposed to be a precondition for leading an independent, non-institutionalized life. Supporting independent mobility for the growing senior segment thus has societal importance. The question of how to maintain well-being through mobility in older age is, however, a complex one. The present study explicates this by focusing on how utilitarian and discretionary activities — representing different types out-of-home activities — contribute to well-being, using data from individual interviews with persons aged 80–95, living in Copenhagen, Denmark.We structured the material by the two activity types and found both to contribute to participants׳ well-being by representing different sides of ‘being’. Utilitarian activities were important in maintaining independence and fulfilling basic needs, while discretionary activities were important for the individual existing in relation to the surroundings. Mobility-related well-being appears constructed both through independent separateness and through sense of community. This finding implies that supporting mobility in the sense of mere fulfilment of basic needs may not be enough.
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| 25. |
- Sjörs Dahlman, Anna, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among public transport workers in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Public transportation is an essential societal function in crisis situations like the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Bus drivers and other public transport workers are essential workers that need to keep working despite the risk of contagion. The SARS-CoV-2 virus may pose an occupational health risk to public transport workers and especially to bus drivers as they interact with passengers in a confined area. By analyzing antibodies towards SARS-CoV-2 proteins in blood samples it is possible to measure if an individual has been infected by COVID-19. Here, we report the prevalence of antibodies among bus drivers and other public transport employees in Stockholm, Sweden and relate it to socio-demographic factors.Methods: Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies towards SARS-CoV-2 proteins was investigated in a sample of 262 non-vaccinated public transport workers (182 men and 40 women) recruited between April 26 and May 7, 2021. Most of the participants were bus drivers (n = 222). The relationship between socio-demographic factors and seroprevalence was investigated with logistic regression.Results: The seroprevalence was 50% in the total sample of public transport workers. Among bus drivers, 51% were seropositive compared to 44% seropositive among the other public transport workers. The difference was not significant. The seroprevalence was higher than the national seroprevalence in Sweden during the same period (18.3% in non-vaccinated people aged 20–64 years). The logistic regression model using Wald forward selection showed that men had a higher risk of being seropositive (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.3 – 5.8) and there was a higher risk with increasing number of people in the household (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 – 1.6).Conclusions: These findings could imply an occupational risk for COVID-19 infection among public transport workers. Infection control measures are warranted during virus epidemics to assure bus drives’ safety and reduce transmission in public transport.
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| 26. |
- Stjernborg, Vanessa, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in outdoor mobility when becoming alone in the household in old age
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 1:1, s. 9-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to analyze reported changes in outdoor mobility, increased/unchanged/decreased, for a sample of older people (>62 years) in two regions in Sweden, who have transitioned from a two-person to a single-person household during the two years since the study was conducted. The target group (N=162) consists of all people who had transitioned to a single-person household in a random sample of 2033 people. The predominant results reveal that the stressful life event of transitioning into a single-person household in old age means reduced outdoor mobility for certain sub-groups. All modes of transport are used similarly regardless of reported changes in mobility (except for walking). Our results suggest that society must put more effort into offering good walking conditions, since (a) walking seems to be the most important mode of transport for outdoor mobility and (b) walking is valuated almost as high as car after becoming alone in the household regardless if the population in our study reported unchanged, decreased or increased mobility. Further, illuminating another result, namely that special transport service 3 (STS) came out as especially important for people with increased activity, society also needs to invest in the provision of STS to keep the most vulnerable group of people mobile when other modes of transport are no longer a reality.
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| 27. |
- Thorslund, Birgitta, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of ADHD on Driving Behaviour and Attention
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 5, s. S77-S77
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 28. |
- Ting Chee, Derserri Y., et al.
(författare)
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The visual search patterns of drivers with Autism Spectrum Disorders in complex driving scenarios
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Driving is a highly demanding task which presents itself with various unpredictable and potentially hazardous situations. The failure to visually scan the driving environment and strategically search for potential road hazards, can be considered as unsafe driving practices. Little is known about how licensed drivers with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) visually scan the roads while driving. The present study assessed the visual scanning and fixation patterns of drivers with and without ASD during a simulated drive.Methods: Twenty-eight licensed drivers between the age of 18–40 years old, including 14 drivers with ASD (male = 13) driving at least 2 h per week participated in a simulated drive with 14 matched controls. Psychometric profiles and visual scanning patterns on various objects of interest were analysed between groups.Results: Drivers with ASD were found to fixate and spend significantly more time focusing on the central visual field and less time scanning where hazards potentially emerge. They also tended to allocate less visual attention on social stimuli (i.e., involving a person), and failed to stop in time at the red lights. Psychometric profiles confirmed poorer visual scanning and motor processing speed but less risk-taking behaviour in drivers with ASD.Conclusion: Licensed drivers with ASD were found to allocate visual attention differently compared to licensed drivers without ASD. Poor scanning patterns with an over-focus on the road ahead and less scanning of the road side and periphery may possibly result in unsafe driving. However, risk-taking behaviour was not prevalent in these drivers. Effective visual scanning strategies could be incorporated in the driver training of individuals with ASD.
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| 29. |
- Unsworth, Carolyn, et al.
(författare)
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Views of American and Australian mobility device users and ambulant bus users regarding occupant restraint systems on public buses
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: With an ageing population, increasing numbers of people are using mobility devices, such as wheelchairs or scooters, whilst travelling on public route buses. The regulations and availability of active (wheelchair tie down and occupant restraint systems or WTORS) and passive (rearward facing) mobility device restraint systems on buses varies between countries. To date few studies have investigated passenger feedback on the use of restraint systems. This study aimed to gather feedback about WTORS on buses from passengers where these are in use (United States) and not in routine use (Australia) to guide decisions on their introduction. Methods: A prospective study using a purpose-designed electronic survey. Participants, predominantly recruited by Qualtrics, comprised two groups; mobility device and ambulant bus users in two countries; Australia and the United States (US). Results: The 448 participants rated the top two most important factors when deciding if buses should have WTORS as safety and comfort. Ninety-two percent of respondents believed people using mobility devices should use a WTORS which was rated 7.66/10 (SD1.97) as effective to prevent injuries to self or others. Only a minority of participants (13.2%) had ever slid or fallen from their mobility device, or seen a person slide or fall (13.6%) while on a bus with no differences between countries despite WTORS not being in use in Australia. Respondents reported it was OK to delay a journey an average of 5.52 (SD 2.89) minutes to secure/release a restraint system, which compares favourably to literature-reported real time of one to 4 min. Conclusions: Although WTORS were widely perceived by participants as important for safety, questions concerning their effectiveness to prevent slide or tip remain. Prior to the introduction of any securement system in Australia, the effectiveness of passive occupant containment systems to prevent slide or tip also warrants investigation.
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| 30. |
- Värnild, Astrid, et al.
(författare)
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Corrigendum to “Road users seriously injured in single crashes – The impact of sex, age and speed limit on injuries for pedestrians, cyclists, car occupants and motorcyclists in Sweden, 2016–2019” [J. Transport Health 33 (2023) 101717] (Journal of Transport & Health (2023) 33, (S2214140523001536), (10.1016/j.jth.2023.101717))
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The authors regret < Published PDF is correct including the corrections we did because of the comments from the reviewers. But the abstract including keywords is missing in the published version of the article. > The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. Abstract Introduction: In the EU, the number of seriously injured road users has fallen more slowly than that of fatalities, and fatalities have fallen more slowly for single motor-vehicle crashes than multi-crashes. Instead, the number of injured vulnerable road users such as cyclists and pedestrians has increased and there are calls to promote walking and cycling. The study aims to increase the knowledge about serious injuries in single crashes/falls and to study the differences within and between pedestrians, cyclists, car occupants and motorcyclists. Methods: Data was retrieved from national registries (Strada; National Road Database) for all seriously injured road users on roads, tracks and pavements in Sweden 2016–2019 together with speed limits for crash locations. Statistical analysis used descriptive statistics, multiple logistic regression and multiple linear regression. Results: More road users sustained serious injuries in single crashes than in multi-crashes. Nearly four out of five were injured where the speed limit was 30–50 km/h, or in areas without any speed limit. The mean Injury Severity Scores (ISS) for pedestrians and cyclists were slightly higher than the definition of a seriously injured road user, while car occupants and motorcyclists had mean scores three to four points higher. The most frequently injured body region for cyclists and pedestrians was the lower extremities, and for car occupants and motorcyclists it was the thorax. Higher age increased the probability of these injuries. Male pedestrians and cyclists had higher ISS scores than their female counterparts. Conclusions: Pedestrians and cyclists are the largest groups of road users who are seriously injured in single crashes. Pedestrian falls on pavements, tracks and roads need to be included in road-safety efforts for all road users. The road space will define the pedestrian fall as a crash. Keywords single crash, fall, walking, cycling, ISS.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Algurén, Beatrix, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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In-depth understanding of single bicycle crashes in Sweden - Crash characteristics, injury types and health outcomes differentiated by gender and age-groups
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport and Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1405. ; 24
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study in-depth characteristics of single bicycle crashes and type of injuries considering gender and age differences. Methods: Hospital reported bicycle crashes identified in the Swedish national database STRADA were combined with self-reported detailed information regarding crash circumstances and injury outcomes. Gender and age-group differences were investigated using univariate statistics and Pearson Chi- Square test. Results: A total of 616 cyclists injured in single bicycle crashes between 2013 and 2017 were included. Participants (49% women) had a mean age of 58 years (ranged 15–89 years), most rode a comfort bike (54%) and cycled several times a week (81%). The most common crash type was skidding on ice or snow (26%). This crash type was significantly more common among women than men (30% versus 21%). Women more than twice as often lost balance at low or no speed (13% versus 5%). While men's injuries were located more than twice as often at shoulder and upper arm (28% versus 11%), women injured more than four times as often the lower leg and ankle (30% versus 7%). Differences regarding age-groups could be observed as an exponential increase of hip and upper leg injuries with increased age (9, 19 and 38%). Older cyclists were more often injured while losing balance at no or low speed and while getting on or off the bicycle. Conclusions: Concrete countermeasures to prevent injuries in single bicycle crashes can be suggested and directed to different target groups, i.e. women or men or younger or elderly.
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| 33. |
- Candefjord, Stefan, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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On Scene Injury Severity Prediction (OSISP) machine learning algorithms for motor vehicle crash occupants in US
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport and Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1405. ; 22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A significant proportion of motor vehicle crash fatalities are potentially preventable with improved acute care. By increasing the accuracy of triage more victims could be transported directly to the best suited care facility and be provided optimal care. We hypothesize that On Scene Injury Severity Prediction (OSISP) algorithms, developed utilizing machine learning methods, have potential to improve triage by complementing the field triage protocol. In this study, the accuracy of OSISP algorithms based on the “National Automotive Sampling System - Crashworthiness Data System” (NASS-CDS) of crashes involving adult occupants for calendar years 2010–2015 was evaluated. Severe injury was the dependent variable, defined as Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15. The dataset contained 37873 subjects, whereof 21589 included injury data and were further analyzed. Selection of model predictors was based on potential for injury severity prediction and perceived feasibility of assessment by first responders. We excluded vehicle telemetry data due to the limited availability of these systems in the contemporary vehicle fleet, and because this data is not yet being utilized in prehospital care. The machine learning algorithms Logistic Regression, Ridge Regression, Bernoulli Naïve Bayes, Stochastic Gradient Descent and Artificial Neural Networks were evaluated. Best performance with small margin was achieved with Logistic Regression, achieving area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.86 (95% confidence interval 0.82–0.90), as estimated by 10-fold stratified cross-validation. Ejection, Entrapment, Belt use, Airbag deployment and Crash type were good predictors. Using only a subset of the 5–7 best predictors approached the prediction accuracy achieved when using the full set (14 predictors). A simplified benefit analysis indicated that nationwide implementation of OSISP in the US could bring improved care for 3100 severely injured patients, and reduce unnecessary use of trauma center resources for 94000 non-severely injured patients, every year.
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| 34. |
- Chiatti, Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Access to public mobility services and health in old age : A cross-sectional study in three Swedish cities
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport and Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1405. ; 7:Part B, s. 218-226
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Little evidence is available on how public transport features can impact on older people's health. The overarching aim of this paper is to evaluate socio-demographic, health and mobility-related factors correlated with health-related quality of life among people aged between 75 to 90 years old in three Swedish Municipalities. Methods: Within the SEBEM study, a cross-sectional survey using a self-administered postal questionnaire was conducted among 2398 older people aged between 75 and 90 years. Primary outcome of the study was health-related quality of life measured using the SF12 which distinguishes two dimensions of health, i.e. the Physical Composite Score (PCS) and the Mental Component Score (MCS). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the variability study outcomes. Multilevel regression models were used to investigate factors independently correlated with health, controlling for the influence of potential confounders. Results: Higher physical and mental self-reported health is associated with walking more than 500. m on a daily basis, use of a private car and frequent engagement in social activities. Access to the car is only associated with physical health. Mental health scores are significantly lower among those living far from the closest bus stop and never using public transport. Discussion: We provide evidence of epidemiological associations between access to public mobility services and good health in older age. Given the cross-sectional design of our analyses, and the related limitations, the associations found should be investigated more thoroughly by future studies using longitudinal and/or experimental designs.
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| 35. |
- Fagerlind, Helen, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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A novel approach to study the health consequences of road crashes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport and Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1405. ; 7, s. 280-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTIONWhile an association between road crashes and health impairments is well documented, few studies have analysed impairments in relation to crash parameters. The aim of this paper is to describe a novel approach for studying the full complexity of road crashes which allows an analysis of the relationship between crash factors and longer-term health consequences. METHODSA multidisciplinary team investigated road crashes sampled in a Swedish region. The course of events, road environment and crash configuration were studied at the scene and telephone interviews were conducted with drivers. Road users were queried about their health status 1, 6, and 12 months after the crash. To illustrate a potential use of the collected data, the relationship between crash factors and impairments for car occupants after one month was explored using multiple logistic regression. RESULTSThe sampled data included 176 crashes, 310 vehicles and 430 people. The most common crash characteristics were: multiple vehicle crashes (62%); posted speed limit of ≥ 70km/h (65%); passenger cars (88%); driver age 25–54 years (60%); male drivers/riders (70%). The example analysis of passenger car occupants showed that having an injury with ISS ≥ 1 at the time of crash was a statistically significant predictor for impairment at one month (p
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| 36. |
- Kazemzadeh, Khashayar, et al.
(författare)
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Electric bike (non)users’ health and comfort concerns pre and peri a world pandemic (COVID-19): A qualitative study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1405. ; 21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic affects different domains of society,including the transport system. Due to the impacts of social distancing, research concerningelectric bike (e-bike) applications and non(user) health and comfort concerns is needed. Thisresearch aims to understand the health and comfort concerns of e-bike (non)users in both pre (PR)and peri (PE) pandemic situations and explore how the PE situation triggers (non)users to use e-bikes.Methods: An interpretive description qualitative method in the form of semi-structured interviewswas used to gather the empirical material for this research.Results: Twenty-three (non)user participants were interviewed in the PR situation, and 12 of theseparticipants were interviewed again in the PE situation. The comfort provided by the e-bike didnot outweigh its cost as a factor for nonusers considering investing in the e-bikes in the PR situation.However, nonusers acknowledged that e-bikes can serve as substitutes for public transportby eliminating social interactions and consequently potential health concerns, in addition toproviding comfortable mobility. E-bike users were in agreement concerning physical activity andthe health benefits of using e-bikes in the PR situation. Their opinions differed slightly, as womenplaced less emphasis on the physical activity provided by e-bike use. However, gender opinionsconverged regarding health concerns about using public transport in PE situations. Infrastructurefacilities and e-bike performance are evident as users’ comfort concerns in the PE situation.Conclusion: The results highlight the role of the e-bike in PE situations as a reliable transport modeand suggest that there is considerable potential for e-bikes as substitutes for public transport inthe post-pandemic situation. The findings are applicable to e-bike level-of-service studies in orderto provide an overview of the user’s experience of comfort.
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| 37. |
- Koglin, Till, et al.
(författare)
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The marginalisation of bicycling in Modernist urban transport planning
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1405. ; , s. 214-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article deals with the scientific factors that have contributed to the dominance of motorised transport and the development of theoretical approaches in transport planning. Connections are made to modernism and to the theories within the field of transport planning that have created today’s transport systems. Connections are then made to the field of bicycle planning. It is argued that there is a lack of theoretical research in bicycle planning that built on empirical studies. This has contributed to the bicycle often being marginalised in transport systems. Moreover, it is argued that new theoretical research could have a similar effect on bicycle planning as it has had on motorised transport planning. Although there is theoretical research about bicycling, such as vélomobility research, such research does not tend to theorise about bicycle planning. The idea put forward in this article is that theoretical knowledge from the field of mobility studies could be a first step in that direction. This article draws on the politics of mobility and research in vélomobility and develops a theoretical ground for transport planning that takes bicycling into consideration.
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| 38. |
- Kriit, Hedi Katre, et al.
(författare)
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A health economic assessment of air pollution effects under climate neutral vehicle fleet scenarios in Stockholm, Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport and Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1405. ; 22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Electric vehicles (EVs) are heavily promoted as beneficial for climate and health. In most studies, it is assumed that EVs contribution to urban air pollution is zero due to no tailpipe emissions, ignoring the contribution of non-exhaust particles (brake, tire and road wear), which are unregulated in EU. This study of Stockholm, Sweden, aims to 1) assess how a future vehicle fleet impacts concentrations of particles of size less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and evaluate the expected health outcomes economically and 2) compare this with CO2 savings. Methods: Source specific dispersion models of exhaust and non-exhaust PM2.5 was used to estimate the population weighted concentrations. Thereafter exposure differences within a business as usual (BAU2035) and a fossil free fuel (FFF2035) scenario were used to assess expected health and economic impacts. The assessment considered both exhaust and non-exhaust emissions, considering the vehicle weight and the proportion of vehicles using studded winter tires. Health economic costs were retrieved from the literature and societal willingness to pay was used to value quality-adjusted life-years lost due to morbidity and mortality. Results: The mean population weighted exhaust PM2.5 concentration decreased 0.012 μg/m3 (39%) in FFF2035 as compared to BAU2035. Assuming 50% higher road and tire wear PM2.5 emission because of higher weight among EVs and 30% less brake wear emissions, the estimated decrease in wear particle exposures were 0.152 (22%) and 0.014 μg/m3 (1.9%) for 0 and 30% use on studded winter tires, respectively. The resulting health economic costs were estimated to €217M and €32M, respectively. An increase by 0.079 μg/m3 (11%) was however estimated for 50% use of studded winter tires, corresponding to an €89M increase in health costs. Conclusion: Considering both exhaust and wear generated particles, it is not straight forward that an increase of EVs will decrease the negative health impacts.
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| 39. |
- Lindelöw, David, et al.
(författare)
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What limits the pedestrian? Exploring perceptions of walking in the built environment and in the context of every-day life
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1405. ; 1:4, s. 223-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Walkability is often researched from the perspective of certain physical features in the built environment. However, for this paper, the point of departure was to also treat walking as a transport mode for reaching destinations and performing every-day activities. A conceptual model addressing both perceptions of the built environment and perceived limits due to every-day activities was used as a standpoint for examining walking behaviour among residents in three neighbourhoods in the city of Malmo, Sweden (N=1001). A principal component analysis for the variables addressing the aspects of the model revealed a resemblance with our theoretical interpretation. The obtained components' relationships with reported walking frequency were examined with binary logistic regression and revealed a significant association for the rating of one factor addressing the perceived limits on walking due to the constraints of every-day activities. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 40. |
- Liu, Jianrong, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of older people's walking behavioral intention with the extended theory of planned behavior
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport and Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1405. ; 26
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Walking is a vital part of an older person's daily routine. It is critical to get insight into the determinants of older people's behavioral intention (BI) to walk in the neighborhood to encourage walking among them. However, research on older people's walking habits is lacking, particularly in developing countries like China. Methods: 501 complete responses were collected from a face-to-face survey conducted in Nanjing City. Four models were analyzed and compared in this paper. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) was examined in Model 1. The descriptive norm (DN) was added to the TPB in Model 2. Walking environment components were added to the TPB in Model 3. The TPB was supplemented with DN and walking environment constructs in Model 4. Results: Model 1 and Model 2 explain 71.3% and 74.9% of the variance in BI, respectively, meaning that the explanatory power increases by 3.6% when DN is taken into account. Model 3 explains 80.2% of the variance in BI, implying that when the walking environment constructs are included, the explanatory power increases by 8.9%. Model 4 has the greatest explanatory power (82.0%) on BI. Attitude (ATT), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and DN have significant associations with older people's BI, whereas subjective norm (SN) does not. In terms of constructs of the walking environment, perceived comfort has a significant association with behavioral intention, but perceived safety does not. Conclusions: How others act around an individual, other than how they approve of that individual's actions, has a significant impact on older people's walking intentions. PBC is highly correlated with older people's BI. The findings also emphasize the need of improving the walking environment for older individuals.
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| 41. |
- Liu, Jianrong, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of COVID-19 on adolescent travel behavior
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport and Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1405. ; 24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The outbreak of COVID-19 has significantly impacted travel behavior. However, few studies have analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on adolescent travel behavior. This article analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on adolescent travel behavior using questionnaire survey data. Methods: This paper first used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to explore the psychological factors related to the adolescents' perceptions about the severity of COVID-19. The study then established a logit model to study the effects of COVID-19 in different phases (before, during, and after the epidemic peak), demographic characteristics, and the role of psychological factors on their travel behavior. Results: The results show that the phase of COVID-19 did not significantly impact the adolescents' choice of short-distance travel. The frequency of outings per week, the number of exercise sessions per week, and willingness to travel by public transportation decreased significantly in the outbreak phase. Meanwhile, the perception of the severity of COVID-19 significantly impacted adolescent travel behavior. Conclusion: This research demonstrates that COVID-19 has led adolescents to reduce their frequency of outings, and they try not to use public transportation. Adolescents appear to be traveling more cautiously in the outbreak phase and the post-epidemic phase.
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| 42. |
- Mattisson, Kristoffer, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling the association between health indicators and commute mode choice: a cross-sectional study in southern Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport and Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1405. ; 11, s. 110-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of commuting on health depends, in part, on the mode of travel. A sizeable body of literature addresses associations between mode choice and health status, but little is known about how a person's health affects commuting mode choice. Stress, exhaustion and obesity are threats to public health that increase in modern societies. Understanding how these concerns impact mode choice is important in order to plan effective interventions. Differences in health status among different groups and geographical areas could influence the effectiveness of policy interventions to promote greater use of particular modes, such as public transit and cycling. We investigated associations between health and commuting mode choice using a cross-sectional population-based public health questionnaire data collected from 7574 commuters in southern Sweden in 2012, integrated with register data on residential and location, information on transportation networks, and other spatial data. Discrete Multinomial Logit (MNL) models were used to study the relationships between health indicators (everyday stress, vitality, long term illness, walking difficulties, and body mass index) and commuting mode (active, car and public transportation). Along with the health indicators, the models included conventional mode choice indicators such as socio-demographic attributes, commuting characteristics, and spatial variables. Everyday stress, obesity, and difficulty walking were negatively associated with the use of active and public modes. Understanding the relationship between health and mode choice in commuting, in relation to conventional indicators, can help support decision-makers and transportation planners develop more efficient interventions aimed at encourage car commuter's switch to more environmentally friendly and healthy modes such as active and public transportation. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
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| 44. |
- Ohlin, Maria, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term problems influencing health-related quality of life after road traffic injury – Differences between bicyclists and car occupants
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1405. ; 4, s. 180-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe and compare road traffic injuries leading to long-term problems in Health related quality of life (HRQoL), with regards to road user group, injury severity and injured body region, which is important when considering injury preventive strategies. From the Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition (STRADA), a randomized sample of people injured in a road traffic crash and seeking emergency hospital care in connection to the crash between 1st of January 2007 and 31st of December 2009 was drawn (n1⁄44761). HRQoL was investigated using a self-report survey, namely the EQ-5D. Among the responding persons injured in a bicycle crash (n1⁄4402) or car crash (n1⁄4557) the injury outcome of reporting or not reporting any problem in HRQoL was compared between bicyclists and car occupants depending on injured body region and injury severity. The results showed that 59% of car occupants and 44% of bicyclists reported problems in HRQoL after a road traffic injury. Pain/dis- comfort and anxiety/depression were the health-related dimensions where people most frequently reported problems. Leg injuries were most often associated with reporting problems in HRQoL, for both bicyclists and car occupants. Another finding was that car occupants consistently reported more pro- blems in HRQoL compared to bicyclists, even when controlled for injury severity and injured body region.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Raustorp, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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The potential for active commuting by bicycle and its possible effects on public health
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport and Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1405. ; , s. 72-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionThe World Health Organization (WHO) has concluded that physical inactivity and overweight/obesity are the world's fourth and fifth leading risk factors for non-communicable diseases, respectively. This article investigates the potential for active commuting by bicycle in Scania county, southern Sweden, and its possible impact on public health. Physical inactivity is a growing problem on both an individual and a societal level.Method, setting and populationA complete statistical survey and geographic analysis has been carried out based on data concerning the home and work addresses of the entire working population in the county of Scania, Sweden as of the end of 2014. This data set includes a total of 575,959 individuals.ResultsApproximately 27.9% of the population can reach their workplace by a 15-min bicycle commute, while 47.2% can reach their workplace in 30 min. It is possible to achieve a 47.2% modal share for active transport in Scania if all individuals within cycling distance of work choose to commute by bicycle. If that were to happen, 19.2% of the working population would meet the WHO's global health recommendations just through their commutes.ConclusionThe results demonstrate that the spatial distribution of homes and workplaces in Scania is conducive to increasing the mode share for active transport through well-designed physical environments and transport systems that prioritise physical activity.
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| 47. |
- Silvano, Ary P., 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Non-collision incidents on buses due to acceleration and braking manoeuvres leading to falling events among standing passengers
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1405. ; 14:September
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: On public transport buses, standing passengers are subject to acceleration and braking driver manoeuvres which may lead to a falling event. Purpose and procedures: This study investigates the characteristics of such events connected to driver manoeuvres (i.e., acceleration or braking), passenger conditions (i.e., boarding, travelling, alighting), and injury severity. The data for analyses comprise three and a half years (2015-2018). All passengers were standing at the time of the fall event and were treated at hospital emergency departments (ED) after the falling event. Findings: The results highlight aspects which may need further attention. For example, the involvement of females is not only high for the 65 + age group, this is also the case for younger age groups which indicates that acceleration/deceleration threshold values for sustaining balance may differ by gender. Furthermore, driver manoeuvres and passenger conditions are important characteristics impacting the mechanisms of falling differently. In acceleration manoeuvres, older passengers (aged 65 +) are most often involved in a fall inmediately after boarding, whereas falls during braking manoeuvres are most common while travelling, and mostly involving the 25-64 years-old age group. Conclusions: These findings may indicate that acceleration and braking manoeuvres should be studied separately. It is worth noting that driving style might influence the risk of losing balance for standing passengers, and shortening the time to get seated can be beneficial for reducing the risk of falling, especially for the elderly users after boarding the bus.
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