| 1. |
- Avango, Dag, et al.
(författare)
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The making and re-making of high modernist towns in the Circumpolar North
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we explore the fate of high modernist architecture and settlement planning in the North, through the lens of mining towns in Sweden and Quebec. After WW2, cities across the world were subject to a wave of restructuring in accordance with high modernist ideals. The circumpolar north became the subject of some of the most radical examples, often described as utopian. In the Swedish Arctic, a renowned architect Ralph Erskine played a leading role. He combined functionalist principles, with ideas of creating settlements protecting inhabitants from harsh Arctic conditions, in harmony with the environment. Erskine...s ideas were implemented to a different extent in Kiruna and Svappavaara in north Sweden in the 1960's and in Fermont, Quebec, in the early 1970's. Our aim is to understand the challenges of creating industrial settlements in the Arctic, with the capacity to attract employees that are needed for resource extraction and other industries. While Erskine's architecture in Svappavaara and Kiruna will be demolished, the wall shaped town in Fermont is still intact and expanding. By comparing and highlighting differences, we call attention to the threat of demolition of legacies of an era that has yet to be defined as cultural heritage.
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| 2. |
- Bruno, Karl
(författare)
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The Technopolitics of Swedish Iron Mining in Cold War Liberia, 1950–1990
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 7:1, s. 39-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Earlier research on Cold War resource politics has not focused significantly on the interests of smaller, non-colonial industrialized states. This paper examines the iron mining company LAMCO in Liberia, dominated strategically and operationally by Swedish actors and interests, between the mid-1950s and the late 1980s. It argues that the creation of LAMCO must be understood in the context of the early Cold War and its international politics, and that the enterprise's subsequent development was characterized by a specific technopolitical dynamic resulting from the encounter between the Liberian government's development strategy and the Swedish investors' need to mitigate political risks both in Liberia and at home. The findings help clarify the conditions under which actors from an ostensibly non-aligned and non-colonial country could gain access to minerals in Africa. They also contribute to our understanding of iron mining in Liberian political history, showing how LAMCO developed in close association with particular developmental policies in Liberia that sought to promote national development while simultaneously increasing the power of the Liberian presidency. Though it initially served this purpose successfully, its operations also generated a string of unexpected outcomes that eventually made the company a serious problem for the Liberian government.
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| 3. |
- Eadson, Will, et al.
(författare)
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Decarbonising industry : A places-of-work research agenda
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 15
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deep decarbonisation of extractive and foundational industries will involve widespread social and economic change. Research on previous industrial restructuring has demonstrated that resultant changes will be geographically uneven, especially without countervailing state intervention. Such change has been shown to matter for both the nature and location of work in those industries as well as for the wider wellbeing of places. Concentrations of economic activity create place-based economic and sociocultural dependencies. As such in-dustries and industrial work often become entwined with workers' and communities' cultural identities. It is important to understand implications of industrial change for work, for place, and - as we argue here - relations between work and place. Building from a semi-systematic review of existing literature on industrial decarbon-isation, work and place, we extend prevailing political economic approaches to economic change, to also set out an original approach to decarbonising extractive and foundational industries, which we term 'places-of-work'. This approach is embedded in acknowledgement of the deep economic and cultural relations between work and place, which also plays out in processes of industrial decarbonisation. The approach builds from cultural and feminist approaches to economic change to emphasise sets of interrelations important to study of industrial decarbonisation as geographic phenomenon. Such an approach means extending the role of the state not as solely, or even primarily, focused on provision of training or employment opportunities, but as requiring adoption of a place-based approach to remaking economic and cultural characteristics of a location and its people. In setting out our alternative agenda, we seek to develop new insights that enable us to understand how industrial transitions potentially act within, and impact upon, places and their cultural identities, and the role of the state in reinforcing and disrupting these to support just transitions.
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| 4. |
- Endl, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Drawing lessons from mineral and land use policy in Europe: Crossing policy streams or getting stuck in silos?
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While mineral resource extraction is a contested land-use under increased societal scrutiny, it is tremendously important for clean energy transition and societal economic development. Despite increased demand, access to mineral resources is, however, subject to different stakeholder interests often reflected in competing forms of land-use and institutional complexity of two policy streams of minerals and land use planning. During the last decade public policy responses in Europe introduced new instruments such as protection of minerals deposits or valorisation schemes for minerals development, both aiming to link or integrate these two policy streams. While policy studies focus on the mineral and geological background, they lack the contextualisation in the broader (land-) policy and governance discourse. This article closes this gap and contributes to the interface between mineral resources, land policy and spatial planning. It provides insights into 1) what policy instruments are assembled to policy mixes for integrating minerals and land use planning policy, and (ii) in how far these instruments are fit for purpose in the respective land-use planning system. In our analysis we portray the diversity of policy instruments to better integrate policy domains of mineral and LUP, but are only deployed in a 13 European countries. The instruments are assembled to policy mixes combining regulatory, strategies and guidelines, as well as information-based or voluntary instruments with horizontal policy integration representing on average high degrees of integration compared to vertical integration. Considering diversity of European planning systems and different context of mineral resource challenges, we conclude that it is the "contextual match" of what (instruments) works where (land use planning system) that matters. In our research we clearly indicate this contextual match on two levels: First a planning system and decision-making match for vertical integration, and, second, a policy cycle match for horizontal integration, where minerals or LUP topics/issues, respectively, are considered in preparation or design stage of land-use plans, zoning documents or mineral planning documents. For policy decision-makers the array of identified instruments provides solutions fitting to different socio-spatial contexts of mineral and Land use planning policy as well as different planning systems.
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| 5. |
- Ghorbani, Yousef, et al.
(författare)
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Framework components for data-centric dry laboratories in the minerals industry : A path to science-and-technology-led innovation
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 10
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The world continues to experience a surge in data generation and digital transformation. Historic data is increasingly being replaced by modernized data, such as big data, which is regarded as data that exhibits the 5Vs: volume, variety, velocity, veracity and value. The capacity to optimally use and comprehend value from big data has become an indispensable aptitude for modern companies. In contrast to commercial and technology firms, usage, management and governance of data, including big data is a novel and evolving trend for mining and mineral industries. Although the mining industry can be unenthusiastic to change, embracing modernized data and big data is evolutionarily unavoidable, given many industry-wide challenges (i.e., fluctuation in commodity prices, geotechnical and harsh ground conditions, and ore grade), which corrode revenues and increase business risks, including the possibility of regulatory non-compliance. The minerals industry holds a genuine gold mine of data that were collected for scientific, engineering, operational and other purposes. Data and data-centric workspaces that are targeted towards innovation and experimentation, which if combined with in-discipline expertise are two harmonious ingredients that can provide many practical solutions for the mining and mineral industries. In this paper, the concept, the opportunity and the necessity for a move towards a technology- and innovation-based, data-centric ‘dry laboratories’ (common workspaces that facilitates data-centric experimentation and innovation) in the minerals industry are assessed. We contend that the dry laboratory environment maximizes the value of data for the minerals industry. Toward the establishment of dry laboratories, we propose several essential components of a framework that would enable the functionality of dry laboratories in the minerals industry, while concomitantly examining the components from both academia and industry perspectives.
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| 6. |
- Gugerell, Katharina, et al.
(författare)
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Regional implementation of a novel policy approach : The role of minerals safeguarding in land-use planning policy in Austria
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 7:1, s. 87-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sustainable supply of raw materials to an expanding global population and rising consumption requires novel governance approaches. Such approaches have recently come to include the topic of ‘minerals safeguarding’. In Austria, the objective of minerals safeguarding has translated into an internationally recognised policy instrument, the Austrian Raw Materials Plan. Our paper investigates how the novel policy approach of safeguarding is translated into provincial and regional land use planning policy in Austria. Following a comparative approach of nine Austrian provinces via document analysis and interviews with policy makers, the analysis indicates diverse forms of implementation: We identify different degrees of uptake and implementation in land use planning policy across goals, instruments and mechanisms. Given the limited amount of research about safeguarding, this paper contributes to a broader understanding of safeguarding practices in public policy (goals, process and instruments), offers insights of’ strong, mixed, and soft’ safeguarding approaches, and provides input for a conceptual model of safeguarding. Our study highlights the importance of political agenda setting for the deployment of land use planning instruments, the need for coordination and communication (between and amongst different levels of government) in the policy process, and a need to assess effectiveness of safeguarding policies.
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| 7. |
- Gustafsson, Maria-Therese, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Unpacking the extractivist state : The role of weak state agencies in promoting institutional change in Peru
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 6:1, s. 206-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When a resource boom has begun it is often challenging to develop institutions for governing natural resources in an inclusive and sustainable manner. Whereas existing studies on resource-rich states have focused on political elites or social mobilization for explaining attempts to strengthen such institutions, we know less about the role of less influential reform-oriented agencies (e.g. environmental agencies, subnational governments), and what explains how and why on rare occasions they are surprisingly effective in driving institutional change. Theoretically, we draw on theories on institutional weakness and change. Based on 139 interviews, we analyze the outcomes of different strategies adopted by the Peruvian Environmental Ministry (MINAM) to enforce a participatory zoning and land-use planning (LUP) reform between 2008 and 2016. We argue that weak agencies are dependent upon strategic ability, here referring to the skill of an agency to adapt its strategies to reigning political opportunities, thereby contributing to defending or expanding its autonomy vis-á-vis powerful groups and building alliances with societal actors that could defend it from opponents. By unpacking the dynamics within a resource-rich state, we contribute with a nuanced analysis of the challenges of building and effectively enforcing institutions in a context of expanding extractive industries.
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| 8. |
- Haikola, Simon, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish mineral policy at a crossroads? : Critical reflections on the challenges with expanding Sweden’s mining sector
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 3:2, s. 508-516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we analyse the critique that has accompanied sustained efforts made in recent years by the Government of Sweden to facilitate global investment in the country's mining sector. The minerals market in the 21st century has been characterized by increasing global prices. In Sweden, the largest mining nation within the EU, this has led to what has been identified as a mining boom. The governmental mining policy, aimed at attracting an increasing part of the global venture capital seeking to profit from the volatile but lucrative minerals market, has been met with growing domestic resistance, fuelled by what has been perceived as dangers and side effects of a rapidly expanding Swedish mining industry. This resistance has largely focused on the mineral strategy launched by the government in 2013, as it crystallized the neoliberal ideas judged by critics to severely jeopardize social, cultural, economic and environmental values. After a critical analysis of the mineral strategy, we go on to analyse the mining-critical discourse, concluding with a discussion where we highlight the main implications of the analysis and identify a possible path for compromise between proponents and opponents of the mineral strategy.
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| 9. |
- Heimann, Samuel, et al.
(författare)
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Gender in industrial mine work and organizations. A review of an expanding research field
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 16
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article reviews the expanding research field of gender in industrial mine work and organizations. The findings show that the literature provides nuanced insights into the prevalence of men and masculinities in industrial mine work as related to masculine mining ideals and patriarchal family structures, gendered practices and processes within mining organizations, the strategies of marginalized identities, and counterproductive attempts to increase equality and diversity in mining. Signs of potential change were also identified in the form of empowered women in mining and alternative mining masculinities. Articles focused on women and mining in specific organizations and national contexts dominate the field, with a more heterogeneous array of articles that empirically and theoretically expand on the earlier literature. Few studies elaborate on intersectionality, various forms of masculinity and the doing of gender within various professions and occupations in mining organizations. Future research should expand the theoretical framework of gender in mining organizations and broaden its empirical base through comparative approaches, quantitative and mixed methodologies, and a renewed focus on the dominant group in mining organizations, i.e., men.
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| 10. |
- Kløcker Larsen, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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Do voluntary corporate actions improve cumulative effects assessment? Mining companies' performance on Sami lands
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 5:3, s. 375-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cumulative effects assessment (CEA) remains an Achilles heel in the licensing of mining projects on indigenous lands globally, but especially in the European North. Yet, rather than legislating on indigenous rights and CEA failures, governments tend to rely on companies to mitigate cumulative impacts through new corporate social responsibility actions. This paper considers if these voluntary actions improve companies' CEA performance and so provide grounds for indigenous communities and decision makers to trust the industry more. Findings are presented from a systematic review of corporate impact assessments for 56 mining concession permit applications on Sami lands in Sweden. We show how companies that adopt additional voluntary measures provide somewhat richer assessments. Overall, however, the performance remains poor also for 'frontrunners', with persistent lack of clarity on methods and limited analysis of consequences, social and cultural impacts and interactions with other (past, present or future) projects. We conclude that progress in voluntary actions in regard to assessing cumulative impacts has only led to cosmetic improvements in CEA performance. We therefore argue for stronger regulatory role of government and recognition of the right of indigenous communities to lead or co-manage impact assessments on their own lands.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Lawrence, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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Mining industry perspectives on indigenous rights : Corporate complacency and political uncertainty
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 6:1, s. 41-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the last decade or so, there has been a global shift towards attempts to recognise the rights of indigenous peoples, particularly in regards to extractive activities on their traditional territories. At the same time, however, the extraction of natural resources in breach of indigenous rights, continues to take place at ever increasing rates. Using a case study of Swedish mining industry attitudes to indigenous rights, and specifically that of the principle of Free Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC), the article explores this paradox. Mining companies operating in Sweden do not currently respect or implement the principle of FPIC, and the article illustrates how mining representatives justify and reconcile this. It elucidates how the Swedish mining industry mobilises various, and at times contradictory, discourses, including on the one hand, the complacent rationale that human rights protections are superfluous in Sweden, and on the other hand, the idea that a respect for FPIC would create uncertainty and thereby threaten the existence of the mining industry.
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| 13. |
- Lesser, Pamela, et al.
(författare)
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European mining and the social license to operate
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 8:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The notion of the Social License to Operate (SLO) has become an established part of the lexicon of the development discourse surrounding natural resource development in North and South America and Australia. In Europe, however, the idea of the SLO in relation to mine and mineral development is still in early development and acceptance. This may be due to the very different worldview that exists in Europe as opposed to the other jurisdictions. The European ‘condition’ can be characterised by a greater degree of trust in governance bodies and the role they play in prioritizing the best interests of the citizens they serve. The ‘Scalar SLO Model’ is inspired by Thompson and Boutilier's original conception and was developed as a deliverable of the H2020 MIREU project to describe the SLO in Europe; however, its logic can be applied to any other jurisdiction globally. What distinguishes the Scalar SLO Model from other contributions to the literature is two-fold. First, the division between the Community and Societal drivers of the SLO reinforces the notion that the nature of the SLO within the Community dimension can manifest itself differently than within the broader Societal dimension where values may not be the same. The second distinguishing contribution introduces the attributes of loss of the SLO as represented by conflictual relationships in both dimensions.
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| 14. |
- Lindman, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Guiding corporate social responsibility practice for social license to operate : A Nordic mining perspective
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 7:3, s. 892-907
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mining activities can benefit the local economy, although they can also have a negative impact on society and the local environment. As the negative impacts have engendered an increased stakeholder pressure over the last decades the mining industry has given considerable attention to its social and environmental impacts by practicing corporate social responsibility (CSR). This article presents a case study on the Nordic mining industry and its stakeholders with the aim of investigating how a mining company and its stakeholders evaluate sustainability aspects, describing the similarities and differences in their evaluations and exploring whether the concept of materiality analysis can be used as a tool for a company's strategic CSR practice. The mining company X was selected as the case company based on its high CSR profile, sustainability reporting, local context and interesting field competencies. Data has been collected through workshops with management groups, stakeholder surveys and stakeholder interviews. A sustainability aspect matrix was developed which the management groups at Company X and their identified stakeholders evaluated. The materiality analysis visualized the similarities and differences in a good way and the management groups regarded it as a useful tool for their strategic CSR practice.
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| 15. |
- Morgunova, Maria
(författare)
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The role of the socio-technical regime in the sustainable energy transition : A case of the Eurasian Arctic
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 8:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the role of the socio-technical regime in the global energy system transition towards sustainability within the context of exploitation of oil and natural gas resources, illustrated by the case of the Eurasian Arctic. The study design and methodology are inspired by a multi-level perspective framework. The Arctic case is examined through a ‘salient–reverse salient’ approach. The analysis shows that the exploitation is ongoing, independent of global sustainability goals and strong landscape pressures. We observe a lack of alignment between the different levels of the global energy system, where regime salients dominate over other factors. Incumbent actors acknowledge high levels of inertia and dependency within the oil and gas industry. The study concludes that a deeper focus on the capacities and qualities of the socio-technical regime can facilitate the sustainable energy transition. We suggest a more systematic view of transition studies, and theoretical and methodological pluralism via a combination of frameworks. We highlight the need to include the oil and gas industry as an eligible actor and factor in discussions of the sustainable energy transition, and also suggest ‘unlocking’ the regime through greater attention to its inertia and momentum.
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| 16. |
- Nachet, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Framing extractive violence as environmental (in)justice : A cross-perspective from indigenous lands in Canada and Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to explore Environmental Justice in two Indigenous contexts, Canada and Sweden, and uses the concept of Extractive Violence to discuss colonial articulations of extractivism and community strategies for dealing with it. Through analysis of existing research, as well as the experiences shared by the two Indigenous leaders, the paper investigates the different strategies and narratives of environmental justice enacted, and how is justice framed and discussed in response to extractive violence.
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| 17. |
- Nilsson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Social-ecological-technological systems consequences of mining : An analytical framework for more holistic impact assessments
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 8:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the impacts of extractive industries on sustainable development requires analyzing them as part of dynamic social-ecological-technological systems. Building on insights from studies of social-ecological systems and socio-technical systems, as well as fieldwork on the impacts of mining in the Nordic Arctic, this article presents an analytical framework for co-production of knowledge about the role of industrial or infrastructure projects for regional development. We use this framework to analyze Swedish mining policy, assessment guidelines, and environmental impact assessments for three mining projects in Arctic Sweden. We conclude that Swedish mining policy and guidelines for impact assessments neglect key aspects of social-ecological-technological systems, including the impacts of climate change, and treat many social aspects of sustainable development in a cursory manner. We suggest that more systematic analysis of the dynamics of social-ecological-technological systems would facilitate more transparent decision making and help identify the potential role of proposed mining projects in pathways towards sustainable development in northern regions.
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| 18. |
- Nuhu, Said, et al.
(författare)
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Regulatory framework and natural gas activities : A curse or boon to host communities in Southern Tanzania?
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 7:3, s. 982-993
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a contention that gas exploration and extraction activities in Tanzania have not adequately contributed to improved local community livelihoods, despite the existing policy and legal framework guiding such activities. This paper seeks to analyse the effectiveness and implementation of the existing legal and policy framework in ensuring that host communities benefit from gas exploration and extraction projects in the country. It is based on empirical data gathered through a household survey, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, as well as a review of policy documents, government reports and other relevant literature. Multiple pieces of legislation focusing on gas activities and community livelihoods are examined. While crosscutting issues such as benefits to the local community are included in these policies and laws, the study suggests that some of these policy aspects are not reflected in implementation. Rather, the study indicates that host communities have not benefited significantly from gas exploration and extraction projects in the ways foreseen in the regulatory framework. Effective implementation of the existing regulatory framework is fundamental, if host communities are to benefit from gas activities and if tensions and conflicts are to be minimised. Policy-making processes and implementation practices should be regularly monitored to ensure effective application of the existing framework.
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| 19. |
- Oskarsson, Patrik
(författare)
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Extracting environmental justice: Countering technical renditions of pollution in India's coal industry
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Extractive industries and society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 5, s. 340-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coal extraction and processing remains at the heart of energy security in India. As ever larger amounts of electricity are produced to support overall economic growth, this creates environmental justice challenges as people in the coal-producing areas are exposed to perilous air pollution levels. Federal technocrats shape the environmental governance of coal, prioritizing energy security and de-emphasizing the environmental health risks associated with coal extraction and processing. We argue that these technocrats render the pollution technical to continue the expansion of the nation's energy supply. In response, pollution-affected people in the central Indian state of Chhattisgarh increasingly attempt to take technical approaches to contest high levels of pollution to counter the government's claims about acceptable levels of pollution. This tactic relies on an increased ability to counter expert pollution data collection and analysis. The approach requires connections with wider civil society networks who have the technical and legal knowledge required to quantify and judicially contest air pollution practices. Given conditions of great regulatory uncertainty in spite of well-developed legal norms, we conclude that a strategy based on long-term community cohesion and awareness-building, combined with independent air pollution monitoring by the impacted stakeholders, are crucial for sustained coal pollution mitigation.
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| 20. |
- Oskarsson, Patrik
(författare)
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India's resource (inter)nationalism: Overseas mining investments shaped by domestic conditions
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Extractive industries and society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 6, s. 747-755
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indian companies - both state-and privately-owned enterprises - have gradually begun to invest in extractive industries beyond the boundaries of the country in recent decades. Yet, little is known about them. This article traces how domestic political-economic conditions shape the ways in which India's emerging multinational companies operate abroad. Within India, a national, economic imperative for energy security and support to domestic industry drives the mining agenda. While the private sector is rhetorically dominant, state support remains crucial in handing over controversial land and forested tracts, and in defusing various conflicts across enormously variable social and operational environments. This article analyses how Indian international investments changes traditional company reliance on the Indian state, reshapes accountability relations, and supports mining operations shaped by highly uncertain domestic experiences, rather than global guidelines and extractive industry best practices. Specifically, it examines how India's resource nationalism plays out overseas by drawing on empirical material from Indonesia and Mozambique. The article concludes that resource nationalism, as conceived so far, fails to justify the behaviour of Indian investments in extractive industries in the contemporary, globalised world characterised by new actors who do not accept the existence of global best practices.
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| 21. |
- Oskarsson, Patrik
(författare)
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Living with coal in India: A temporal study of livelihood changes
- 2024
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Ingår i: The Extractive industries and society. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article asks what it is like for the rural poor to live with coal over time as mines expand and agriculture and forest-dependent ways of living inevitably become more restricted. Research on the expansion of open pit coal mining in India shows a widespread inability to appropriately compensate the rural poor for lost land and access to common property resources. Yet it is simultaneously clear that the growth of coal extraction over time ensures increased community dependence on mainly informal, coal-based livelihoods. What then happens over the long-term for people who live in and around the coalfields? Drawing on evidence from 2011 to 2022, this article explores longer term changes for mine-affected people next to major coal mines in Telangana state, India. Specifically, it examines a) the acquisition of forest and agricultural lands for the expanding mines, b) the operating mines and their environmental implications, but also improved job opportunities, and c) mine closure as an opportunity to rehabilitate the landscape and return the land for alternative community uses post mining. The results add to the understanding of the long-term changes that large-scale mining brings to rural communities, and the challenges to a just transition once coal mining inevitably comes to an end.
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| 22. |
- Oskarsson, Patrik
(författare)
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‘Our own law is making us beggars’: Understanding experiences of governed, mine-side communities in Mutoko district, Zimbabwe
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Extractive industries and society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is rising interest in connecting global value chains with sites of extraction to ensure that mineral resources, wherever extracted, are governed to benefit communities. Despite commitments by policymakers and African intergovernmental bodies to governance that does not disenfranchise communities, voices of those affected remain peripheral to mining industry operations. In this article we ask how the extraction of black granite used in grand buildings in the West is experienced by mine-affected people in Zimbabwe's Mutoko District. We seek to bring forth voices of those affected by mineral extraction including its governance processes, to produce an account of mining anthropology rooted in Habermas's lifeworld concept. We show how communities continue to shoulder multiple burdens of black granite extraction without getting its rewards: Broken bridges, damaged roads, dirty air, hazardous living environments and loss of land are some of the key experiences. And the current governance regime characterised by outdated laws, dishonesty, and intimidation of the governed allows the burdens of black granite mining to perpetuate. In conclusion, we note how the marginalised lifeworld contains knowledge, capacity and experiences that must be fully accounted for in reshaping the governance of extraction for the benefit of mine-side communities.
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| 23. |
- Poelzer, Gregory, et al.
(författare)
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Licensing acceptance in a mineral-rich welfare state: Critical reflections on the social license to operate in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 7:3, s. 1096-1107
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Social License to Operate (SLO) continues to influence industry, government, and academia on issues of resource development, particularly mining. But it risks becoming a term that includes all types of company activity aimed at gaining public support. To delimit the term, we look at the malleability of the SLO in a highly-regulated context: Sweden. Comparing the academic literature on the SLO at the global level and in the Swedish context, we assess the usefulness of the term across three themes: institutions, corporate-community engagement, and sustainability. Through this review, we argue that the SLO is best understood as a tool and an indicator. A tool to address significant problems and issues and an indicator of deficiencies in the existing institutional framework
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| 24. |
- Rathobei, Kabelo Esther, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring broad value creation in mining : Corporate social responsibility and stakeholder management in practice
- 2024
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Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In today's business landscape, corporate social responsibility is important as companies are expected to integrate social and environmental considerations into their operations and interactions with stakeholders. This involves adhering to codes of conduct, producing sustainability reports, and actively engaging with local communities. As a result, sustainable business models have gained prominence, focusing on societal concerns, environmental consciousness, and financial viability. While stakeholder management is recognized as vital in sustainable business models, there remains a gap in understanding how to implement stakeholder management within this business model effectively. This study uses sustainability reports from major mining and mineral firms to explore how stakeholder management practices might be used to benefit a wider variety of stakeholders. It provides information about stakeholder prioritisation, engagement, and sustainability communication strategies. While these companies attempt to address stakeholders' environmental and social concerns, the study recommends a proactive approach that widens stakeholder engagement, includes secondary stakeholders, leverages shared interests, and enhances stakeholder management reporting to maximize the impact of broad stakeholder value creation in sustainable business models to foster sustainable development.
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| 25. |
- Ritter, Christian
(författare)
-
Shifting needs for expertise : Digitized taskscapes in the Norwegian oil and gas industry
- 2019
-
Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 6:2, s. 454-462
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article assesses the shaping of expertise within a small Norwegian firm distributing digital services to the global oil and gas industry. The oil price drop of 2014 shifted firm priorities from creating consulting reports about reliability of resource extracting operations to developing business intelligence software for oil and gas corporations. Drawing on data from ethnographic fieldwork, I seek to trace the transformation of knowledge practices within the intermediary. The investigation reveals that the taskscapes of the firm's consultants and sales persons were increasingly directed toward interfaces, establishing new techniques of mediation between employees and clients. I argue that the researched firm underwent a successful transition toward the production of software because of its ability to locally transfer knowledge on its software among its internal professional groups.
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| 26. |
- Rodon, T., et al.
(författare)
-
Schefferville revisited : The rise and fall (and rise again) of iron mining in Québec-Labrador
- 2021
-
Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; , s. 101008-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of “boom-bust” industrial cycles and mine closure on mining communities is a subject of long standing in research on extractive industries. Relatively few studies incorporate a historical, longitudinal approach to the economic and demographic changes associated with these cycles at a community and regional scale. This paper revisits a series of classic studies undertaken in the 1980s of industrial cycles in the Québec-Labrador mining region of Canada, and updates them by tracing some of the impacts of the rapid rise and fall of iron prices since the early 2000s. Drawing from field observations, community interactions, and socio-economic data on several regional mining settlements, it considers the social impacts of these increasingly rapid industrial cycles on northern mining communities, as well as Indigenous communities. Using the conceptual lens of staples theory and political economy, the paper explores the influence of past episodes of closure and dislocation on contemporary industrial cycles in the region. It also accounts for the shifting institutional and political contexts affecting recent mining cycles, including the role of the state, environmental issues, and Indigenous rights. The results reveal that continued reliance on mining keeps these remote communities tied to global trends in iron ore and steel production, meaning they will continue to be exposed to the stresses and strains of industrial cycles to come. However, these impacts are experienced differently across the region, based on intraregional differences in local demography, economy, and settlement history.
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| 27. |
- Salo, Matti, et al.
(författare)
-
Local perspectives on the formalization of artisanal and small-scale mining in the Madre de Dios gold fields, Peru
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 3, s. 1058-1066
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A growing number of governments and donors are promoting the formalization of artisanal and smallscale mining (ASM). They believe that doing so puts them in a better position to govern the sector, and manage the social and environmental impacts of its activities. Mainstream formalization processes are based on the assumption that clear property rights enable the recipients of these rights to capitalize their possessions. Because of reciprocal obligations, the argument follows that formalized ASM actors then better embrace the social and environmental norms regulating their activity. This paper reflects critically on attempts made to formalize ASM in Madre de Dios in Peruvian Amazonia. We share local perceptions of ASM impacts, and broaden understanding of the relationship between mainstream formalization and more bottom-up processes for governing and managing ASM impacts. We forward mesoscale collaborative approaches to impact management. In Madre de Dios, this could involve the appointment of a regional mediator with a strong mandate, establishment of a mobile formalization office, and the implementation of a series of coordinated but independent impact management activities through an impact management plan. This approach would not involve a stepwise procedure in which the failure to achieve one goal would prevent the pursuit of others.
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| 28. |
- Segerstedt, Eugenia, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Diversity of livelihoods and social sustainability in established mining communities
- 2019
-
Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 6:2, s. 610-619
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The challenges for any community that seeks to maintain a healthy and thriving social life around an operating mine have been considered at some length in research, but the picture is still far from complete. In order to pinpoint some of the gaps in research, the literature on social sustainability as applied to established mining communities in developed countries is here reviewed, and the general understanding of the social sustainability of such communities is touched on. Diversity of livelihoods is explored as an analytical lens which can be used to approach social sustainability challenges without essentializing the preferences of social groups. Extensive literature searches with keywords such as mining, work, gender, organization, social, sustainability, community, town, area, cohesion and inclusion were conducted. The results of our review show a research gap between studies of mining companies and studies of wider mining communities. We conclude that considering diversity of livelihoods can be a productive analytical tool when approaching aspects of social sustainability such as social cohesion and inclusion, gender equality, managed migration, demographics, and housing infrastructure. Continued research is recommended to further bridge the gap between studies of mining companies and studies of mining communities from the perspective of social sustainability.
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| 29. |
- Shiquan, Dou, et al.
(författare)
-
The impact of mineral resource extraction on communities: How the vulnerable are harmed
- 2022
-
Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mining projects across the globe face controversy over the loss of community welfare, particularly to the detriment of vulnerable groups. However, few studies have analyzed how extractive activities affect community and individual welfare from a national micro-scale perspective. Using data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this study examines how mining activities impact the well-being of surrounding communities and the loss of livelihoods and health experienced by vulnerable groups within communities. The results showed that mining caused 18.5% of income loss and 13.6% of health loss among community residents. Vulnerable groups suffer more than the average community member. For example, women lost 28.1% more personal income than men. Differences in the ability of different groups in the community to resist adverse shocks from mining also exacerbate the level of inequality within the community. Mining has led to a 1.7% increase in community inequality. Communities close to mining activities have a higher poverty incidence than others (33.9% increase). However, the impact of extractive industries is spatially heterogeneous due to geographic, cultural and economic differences. In some areas resource extraction has contributed to community well-being (i.e., mountainous areas). These findings encourage decision makers to adopt more flexible resource management mechanisms.
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| 30. |
- Sturesson, Annie, et al.
(författare)
-
Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative in Uganda: Who will take the lead when the government falters?
- 2015
-
Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 2:1, s. 33-45
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uganda is expected to join the group of African oil producing countries in 2018. The Government of Uganda (GoU) has high hopes for the sector and expects oil to transform the country from a low-income into a competitive upper middle-income country by 2040. However, despite these claims, the GoU’s management of the sector is already being criticized, specifically over corruption and tax disputes with oil companies. The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiativ (EITI) has, during the last decade, gained increased recognition as a standard for promoting transparency and revenue disclosure for resource-rich countries. In the 2008 National Oil and Gas Policy (NOGP), the GoU expressed its intention to adopt the standard. The objective of this paper is to analyze why the GoU, seven years later, has still not made any progress with an EITI process. Furthermore, it assesses the leverage and motivation for non-government stakeholders (development partners, civil society and oil companies) to take the lead on the EITI and compensate for the lack of political will.
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| 31. |
- Therrien, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Place-based education and extractive industries : Lessons from post-graduate courses in Canada and Fennoscandia
- 2022
-
Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Place-based education and, more specifically, field-base education, is increasingly considered an effective way to enhance learning experiences. By connecting academic curriculum with different ways of knowing and practicing, these are seen as potentially transformative experiences that can offer participants enriching opportunities to learn about social realities beyond the classroom. However, critics also argue that place-based learning methods can lack a critical perspective and fail to connect local experience with global phenomena, as well as with theoretical concepts. In light of the challenges and benefits associated with place-based education, this paper examines how this learning approach can be applied to the particular context of resource development studies and how it can contribute to postgraduate training in social sciences more generally. This example adds to a growing body of literature on place-based education, through an analysis of and critical reflection on the pedagogical approach used during two doctoral courses focused on mineral extraction in northern Canadian and Fennoscandian communities. Building on reflections by the course designers and the results of a survey administered to participants exploring the learning outcomes of these two postgraduate field courses, this paper examines how place-based education contributed to or hindered the pedagogical objectives pursued in the courses. It further explores the challenges and benefits of place-based education in postgraduate education and in the field of extractive resources development. After briefly reviewing the literature and defining the concept of place-based education, the paper describes the pedagogical approach used during the two PhD courses. In the third section, the results of the student surveys are discussed along with comments from the organizers, before some thoughts for future postgraduate courses are finally provided.
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| 32. |
- Thorén Hedin, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Community involvement and development in Swedish mining
- 2017
-
Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 4:3, s. 630-639
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Community involvement and development is a major component of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). It can be achieved through philanthropy, as well as development projects and social investments. The mining industry is at the cutting edge when it comes to CSR. However, research in this area has largely focused on the strategic level and corporate intentions, rather than practical implementation, and mostly from a non-European and community-focused perspective. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to reflect critically on why and how a Swedish mining company and their representatives are committed to community involvement and development and how this can be furthered. A case study method was selected, with data being collected via interviews and documentation. The results show that the mining industry needs to develop an improved understanding of the community’s expectations and allow citizens to become more involved in decision-making processes. The use of objectives and key performance indicators to monitor and continuously improve these efforts is of great importance, for example by evaluating donations and sponsorships. Community involvement and development can be improved by paying attention to research on the social licence to operate and by adopting a more proactive approach.
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| 33. |
- Twongyirwe, Ronald, et al.
(författare)
-
Projected land use change in an oil-rich landscape in Uganda : A participatory modelling approach
- 2022
-
Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discovery of oil in the North Albertine Rift Landscape of Uganda has increased pressure on land andheightened the potential for resource use conflict. In this article, we focus on changing land use dynamics as oilextraction unfolds in a new resource frontier. We ask how the development of the nascent oil industry will affectland use dynamics, including land use conflicts. This leads us to identify the land use change already arising andto use this as the basis for participatory modelling of projected change. Given they are dominant forms of landuse, agriculture and forestry are central to our analysis. Design of the methodology combined remote sensingwith innovative modelling incorporating participatory development methods. This facilitated insight into projected land use patterns, and specifically relationships between small-scale food production, commercial sugarcane production, and forestry conservation adjacent to settlement areas. Our data show that ill–defined landboundaries and an aggressive sugarcane out-grower scheme are avenues for so-called land grabbing. Modellingscenarios under both the status quo and under oil extraction suggest the land area covered by sugarcane production will increase at the expense of food crop farming. Given a context where forestry conservation is animportant form of land use, we also consider the implications of local agricultural change on land reserved forconservation. Overall, our modelling indicates that in accounting for land use change within the resource frontierassociated with oil extraction, there needs to be insight into the intricate interconnections between differentforms of rural land use as future change unfolds. Understanding how oil extraction effects rural land use patternsholds relevance for planning in contexts of the Global South where new oil industries are emerging. Innovativemethodologies for teasing out these complex land use dynamics can aid planning that seeks to anticipate andreduce land use conflict and support agricultural livelihoods.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Veraart, Frank, et al.
(författare)
-
Creating, capturing, and circulating commodities: The technology and politics of material resource flows, from the 19th century to the present
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-790X .- 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 7:1, s. 1-7
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extractive resources are unevenly distributed geographically and our dependence on such resources is growing, which has led to ever increasing flows of resources across the world. This situation has caused concern for numerous actors. However, such worries are not new. Todays’ feel of a deeply interconnected, rapidly changing world with global grand challenges has striking resemblances with the nineteenth century mood in the industrializing countries. In this special issue we study the temporal dynamics and multiple geographies of resource flows, and how actors have attempted to shape and control them. In five articles by historians of technology and the environment from Sweden, Russia and the Netherlands, we aim to broaden the view on resource narratives and emphasize their non-static characters by showing developments of resources as they travel through time and space. This introductory article introduces and positions five themes that are addressed in the contributions of special issue. In this special issue scholars discuss (1) the social construction of resources, (2) the importance of resources to nation states, (3) resource flows as transnational practices, (4) technopolitics of resources, and (5) resource flows as global political power hierarches, of resources such as oil, metals, iron ore, uranium and stone.
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| 36. |
- Vikström, Hanna, 1985-
(författare)
-
A Scarce Resource? : The Debate on Metals in Sweden 1870–1918
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 3:3, s. 772-781
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this article is to explore the historical origins and meanings of metals scarcity in industrial society by investigating which metals were regarded as scarce by Swedish industrial actors from 1870 until 1918 and why. An analysis of material from the Swedish engineering journal Teknisk Tidskrift shows that the actors perceived twenty metals to be scarce during this period. Seven different factors could be identified in the scarcity debate: geological scarcity, technical difficulties in extracting the metals, the lack of substitutes, price variations, limited transport infrastructure, domestic unavailability and legal regulations. The article shows that actors and industries experienced troublesome shortages of metals even before World War I. However, they did not regard it as a geopolitical problem until the eve of the war.
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| 37. |
- Vikström, Hanna, 1985-
(författare)
-
Is There a Supply Crisis? : Sweden’s Critical Metals, 1917–2014
- 2018
-
Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 5:3, s. 393-403
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While global metal production has increased almost exponentially over the last hundred years, actors have constantly worried about future scarcities. This article explores why state and business actors within a small country, Sweden, have perceived metals as critical and which strategies they have advanced to cope with potential shortages. It analyzes four reports and/or records of meetings from 1917, 1954, 1980 and 2014, years when the debate about resource scarcity flourished both in Sweden and internationally. The reasons why actors feared the future supply were largely connected to price increases, potential supply disruptions because of war or political instability, and soaring demand for technologies containing metals. Even Sweden, a neutral country, feared shortages because of political instability in foreign countries because of the transnational metal flows. The actors attempted to manage shortages by increased domestic production, technological development, stockpiling, international agreements and recycling. Tracing this issue over time, the article unpacks the importance of and concerns with metal flows in an age of rapid industrial, technological and geopolitical change.
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| 38. |
- Åberg, Anna, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Chasing uranium: Securing nuclear fuel on a transnational arena in Sweden 1971–1984
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-790X .- 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 7:1, s. 29-38
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Access to nuclear fuel is a key point for modern nuclear nations. Despite this, the complex processes of the nuclear fuel cycle are seldom discussed in nuclear history. In order to shed light on how actors in the nuclear business have worked to secure access to fuel, this article describes the historical case of uranium import in Sweden, handled by the public-private company SKBF. The risks and challenges brought on by the expansion of the nuclear program in Sweden can be clearly seen in the work of SKBF, and the article gives insight into the complex transnational processes of the nuclear fuel cycle. The article outlines the creation of SKBF as well as its mission and activities during the 1970s, when Sweden tried to navigate the evolving uranium market while dealing with heightening tensions regarding nuclear politics at home. We show how SKBF acted in a constantly shifting national and international arena to secure a rapidly expanding nuclear system and legitimize its actions to the Swedish government. In this process, uranium was perceived in different ways: as national or international, scarce or plentiful, and to varying degrees an economic or political tool.
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| 39. |
- Busch, Henner, et al.
(författare)
-
Mining coal while digging for justice: Investigating justice claims against a coal-phase out in five countries
- 2023
-
Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - 2214-790X. ; 15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coal has long been one of the fossil fuels underpinning the energy systems of many countries around the world. Because of its long-standing history, many actors have an interest in retaining the status quo. In this article, we explore the complexities of a coal phase-out in different countries. Drawing on empirical material from Germany, India, Mexico, Serbia and South Africa, we look at the way coal is represented in public debate. We do so by analysing the respective political arguments of key actors about coal phase-out in the chosen countries and analyse their inherent justice claims. Our research illustrates how state institutions, fossil fuel companies and other actors have contributed to framing coal as a formative factor of social relations and as an asset for development. Further, we find that there is considerable overlap of justice claims between global North and global South countries, even though actors from global South countries also invoke global inequalities and historical climate debt. Based on our results, we argue that policymakers must (a) critically interrogate justice claims and (b) consider injustices created by the status quo to ensure a Just Transition.
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| 40. |
- Buur, L., et al.
(författare)
-
The politics of natural resource investments and rights in Africa: A theoretical approach
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Extractive Industries and Society-an International Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-790X. ; 7:3, s. 918-930
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past decade and a half, large-scale investments in natural resources in African countries have increased dramatically. While investments in natural resources and agriculture have become more important for African economies, since they have stimulated economic growth and made regimes dependent on rents and revenues for their own survival, surprisingly many investments fail to be implemented or fall through during implementation. Furthermore, natural resource investments often end up violating the rights of local populations, which can lead to severe social protests and political instability, as well as limiting the 'development' impact. In this article, we develop a theoretical approach focusing on the three-way relationship between investors, local populations and ruling elites and the wider context in which these relations are embedded. We argue that investments are more likely to be implemented and the procedural rights of local populations respected when relationships are characterized by 'reciprocal exchange deals' between investors and local populations, 'compatible interests' between ruling elites and investors, and 'mutual recognition' between local populations and ruling elites. We use eight examples of investments drawn from Mozambique, Tanzania and Uganda to explore the potential of this theoretical approach in explaining the circumstances in which the procedural rights of local populations are or are not respected and investments are or are not implemented.
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| 41. |
- Buur, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Understanding the three key relationships in natural resource investments in Africa: An analytical framework
- 2019
-
Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-790X. ; 6, s. 1195-1204
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large-scale investments in natural resources can help transform African economies by accelerating economic growth, creating jobs and strengthening the links between local economies and the global economy. However, they often violate the rights of local populations and leave them with few benefits, which in turn may lead to social protests and political instability, potentially causing investments to be delayed or abandoned. In this article we explore how investments are implemented. To understand this, we develop a framework for explaining the triangular relations between investors, local populations and ruling elites. We argue that all three relations need to be taken into account in order to understand how investments are implemented (or fail to be implemented) and the extent to which the rights of local populations are accommodated. We focus in particular on how local populations react to investments with protests and resistance in order to understand how investments are implemented. We describe three examples of such investments: sugar in Uganda, rice in Mozambique and gas in Tanzania. We use these examples to further develop an analytical framework that moves from a focus on rights as absolute to one that see rights as outcomes of the relations between the main groups of actors involved in the implementation of large-scale natural resource investments: investors, ruling elites and local populations. The article is based on extensive fieldwork by the authors and the research teams they are part of that have explored large-scale natural resource investments in Mozambique, Tanzania and Uganda in the gas/oil and agricultural sectors.
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| 42. |
- Caretta, Martina Angela, et al.
(författare)
-
Does shale gas development impact property values in Central Appalachia? A mixed methods critical exploration
- 2023
-
Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - 2214-790X. ; 14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased shale gas extraction through hydraulic fracturing and its distribution through shale gas pipelines have brought about innumerable socioeconomic consequences, both tangibly and intangibly. Evidence remains unclear on what are the impacts of shale gas developments on property values. By employing a mixed method approach, combining original data collected in the Marcellus Shale through interviews and a survey, and an analysis of the Atlantic Coast Pipeline, Rover Pipeline and the Mountain Valley Pipeline environmental impact statements, our data shows both an increase and decrease in property value in Central Appalachia. We demonstrate that shale gas pipelines buildout is made possible by skewed environmental impact statements that disregard peer-reviewed science and the experience of those living at the energy frontier. We contend that the inclusion of residents’ lived experience will help to effectively evaluate the social and environmental sustainability of shale gas development. Finally, we argue that additional interdisciplinary original evidence is needed in order to improve environmental impact statements that effectively evaluate the viability and sustainability of energy distribution networks.
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| 43. |
- Easton, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
-
Colonial Extractivism and Development: The state and private diamond extraction at the British Cape Colony, 1870-1910
- 2021
-
Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-790X. ; 8:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we investigate the specific mechanisms of British financial influence in the Cape Colony during the diamond mining boom of the late nineteenth century. We do so by offering a detailed exposition of the uneasy marriage between the colonial state and private business sector in the context of the economics and dynamics of extractivism in the periphery. This allows us to encapsulate the dilemmas of attracting foreign investment whilst maintaining local autonomy, and so transcend colonial periodisation. Our study is a case study that relies on quantitative and qualitative archival evidence. The analysis reveals how the state's expenditure outlay on business enabling infrastructure was not reciprocated by proportionate fiscal contributions by the mining sector. This occurred as local elite alliances were able to direct the machinery of the state towards narrow profit maximisation and in doing so curtail any economy-wide developmental benefits which might have been associated with mineral extraction. We conceptualise this elite alliance as a “Minerals Railways Complex” as a means of encapsulating the interaction of the global financial system with colonial elite alliances and local developmental imperatives.
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| 44. |
- Ekberg, Kristoffer, 1984, et al.
(författare)
-
Crafting counter frames: Shell's corporate strategies in the Nigeria campaign, 1995–1998
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-790X .- 2214-790X. ; 13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we analyse the actions of Royal Dutch/Shell (since 2021, Shell) considering the campaign against them and their operations in Nigeria in the mid-1990s. Using the concept counter-frames we analyse Shell's internal documentation of the campaign to understand how a multinational extractive industry engaged in disputes of legitimacy and against critiques of their operations. Focusing on frame disputes in the campaign the article contributes with an understanding of the practical development of counter-frames. Using historical records in the form of internal situational reports circulated among subsidiaries during the campaign period we show how different strategies such as lobbying, individual contacts, embedded journalists, production of information products and the development of social programs all were developed through a historical and contingent process between subsidiaries, the public and social movement organisations. Rather than solely identifying strategies used by oil companies the paper expose and analyse the internal logics of Shell which add important insights on the development of corporate strategies in in light of environmental and human right campaigns, legislations and standards.
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| 45. |
- Fink, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Does natural resource extraction compromise future well-being? Norwegian Genuine Savings, 1865-2018
- 2022
-
Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-790X. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years Genuine Savings (GS) has emerged as an indicator of weak sustainability and predictor of socio-economic well-being. This paper presents the first long-term GS estimates for Norway, covering the period from 1865 until 2018. The preliminary results indicate unsustainable development throughout most of the period leading up to the Second World War and positive GS since 1946, with a single exception in 1992. This result is rather surprising since the discovery of oil and natural gas fields in 1969 resulted in substantial natural resource depletion, which is usually associated with negative levels of GS. However, in a particularity compared to most natural resource exporters, Norway managed to achieve sustainable development by compensating natural resource depletion with high investments into human and physical capital. \\Keywords: Norway; Natural Resources, Genuine Savings, Oil, Well-being
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| 46. |
- Högselius, Per
(författare)
-
The Saudi Arabia of the Far East? : China's rise and fall as an oil exporter
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier. - 2214-790X. ; 2:3, s. 411-418
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- China's international activities in the oil industry have figured prominently in the public debate in recent years. Whereas the focus today is on China's oil imports and oil-related investments abroad, this article takes a step back to analyze a period in time during which China's most important international role was that of an oil exporter. In the course of a few years in the 1970s, China's domestic oil production grew much more rapidly than domestic demand, leading some analysts in the West to envision China as a major world oil power in the making - a "Saudi Arabia of the Far East." The article traces the evolution of this debate, focusing not only on the twists and turns that made the vision possible in the first place, but also on the machinations that ultimately made actors and analysts conclude that China's future would not be in exports, after all, but in massive imports of oil.
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| 47. |
- Oskarsson, Patrik, 1975
(författare)
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Governing India's bauxite mineral expansion: Caught between facilitating investment and mediating social concerns
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-790X. ; 2:3, s. 426-433
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the implementation of social and environmental criteria for a bauxite mining and refining project as a way of understanding wider governance processes around controversial industrial projects in India. It does this by tracing the extent to which decision-making processes have been able to mediate between government support for private investments on the one hand, and social welfare and environmental sustainability on the other. Governance processes take place in a wealth of forums across federal India from the proposed project sites to national expert committees in Delhi. Increased transparency based on freedom of information legislation combined with ethnographic fieldwork allow for a detailed examination of how investment approvals were put into practice in a particular case to almost, but crucially not entirely, facilitate investment. The existence, and even ongoing expansion, of rights for marginalized groups and environmental protection thus continue to be a source of both frustration and hope for more inclusive forms of governance which might improve the social consequences of large-scale mining in India. At present the significant uncertainty which both communities and investors face appear to not benefit anyone other than perhaps the key policymakers who work behind the scenes to facilitate the deals. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
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| 48. |
- Stihl, Linda
(författare)
-
Challenging the set mining path : Agency and diversification in the case of Kiruna
- 2022
-
Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-790X. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper follows the development of the tourism industry in a small, traditional mining town in northern Sweden. It highlights local agency in the diversification process, as well as interpath relations between tourism and mining. Drawing on 21 semi-structured interviews, the paper finds that the two seemingly unrelated paths share the need for a variety of local endowments and in so the dominant mining industry both compete with and support the growing tourism industry. The paper further finds that both private and public actors can exercise change agency, in a region dominated by reproductive agency, and that change agency can widen the room for further actors to exercise change agency.
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| 49. |
- Sweet, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Meeting local community needs: The cases of iron ore mining in Sweden and South Africa
- 2017
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Ingår i: Extractive industries and Society-An international journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-790X. ; 4:3, s. 652-660
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study compares contrasting models of how community concerns are addressed in two mining districts: in Sweden, a welfare state setting where social development concerns are the responsibility of the state, and South Africa, a developing country, where expectations are oriented towards companies taking on significant portions of such responsibilities. Both countries have in place strict environmental regulations for mining, and residents in both districts perceive environmental impacts as a company responsibility. However, whereas there is significant tolerance for environmental disturbances in Sweden, such sentiment is missing in South Africa. When it comes to community welfare, companies operating in South Africa feel obliged to undertake voluntary Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)-related efforts, yet are often met with criticism and distrust, whereas in Sweden, companies tend to be supported, despite not being directly involved in providing any significant welfare-related services. We argue that calls for mining companies to take on a greater responsibility for local communities can be problematic and must be evaluated with care: in welfare states, doing so may be at odds with existing and functioning societal models, whereas in other settings it may lead to unclear responsibilities for societal outcomes. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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