| 1. |
- Aboelazayem, Omar, et al.
(författare)
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Biodiesel Production from High Acid Value Waste Cooking Oil Using Supercritical Methanol: Esterification Kinetics of Free Fatty Acids
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings, 25thEUBCE, June 2017. - 2282-5819. - 9788889407172 ; , s. 1381-1387
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, low quality waste cooking oil (WCO) with high total acid value has been used for biodiesel production. The main factors affecting the reaction have been analysed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A quadratic model representing the interrelationships between reaction variables and free fatty acids (FFA) conversion has been developed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used to evaluate the significance of the predicted model. Numerical optimisation predicted the optimum conditions for maximum conversion of FFA at methanol to oil (M:O) molar ratio, temperature, pressure and time of 35:1, 260 °C, 110 bar and 16 min, respectively for 98 % conversion. The predicted optimum conditions have been validated experimentally resulting in 97.7 % conversion of FFA with 0.3 % relative error. Kinetic and thermodynamic data of the esterification reaction has been studied resulting in pseudo first-order reaction with reaction rate constant of 0.00103 s-1, activation energy of 34.5 kJ/mol and Arrhenius constant of 1.26 s-1. Finally, a kinetic reactor has been simulated resulting in 97 % conversion of FFA with 0.716 % relative error from the experimental results.
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| 2. |
- Björnsson, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Grass biomass as biofuel feedstock –sustainable or not?
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings, 25thEUBCE, June 2017. - 2282-5819. - 9788889407172 ; 2017, s. 39-40
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low carbon input due to increasing specialization, intensification and reduced use of bio-fertilizer, leads to soil organic carbon (SOC) decreases in arable land. This is an emerging problem in Europe in general, where 45% of the EU soils have low and declining SOC content. SOC losses from agricultural soils influence soil fertility, putting food security at risk, and contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. An agricultural practice rendering loss of SOC is thus not sustainable in the long term, and measures must be taken to reverse this trend. However, existing policies for agriculture and biofuels address these issues in isolation, SOC impact is not considered when sustainability criteria for biofuels are defined in the EU renewable energy directive (RED). The aim of this study was to illustrate the relevance of SOC impact on integrated production of food and grass as energy crop for biofuel production. This diversification of current cereal dominated crop rotations proved an efficient tool to reverse SOC losses, simultaneously producing a grass-based biofuel with low climate impact. Since SOC-related aspects are excluded in EU RED, the GHG reduction calculated according to the directive does, however, not meet the 60% GHG reduction demand. This narrow perspective causes potentially interesting double benefits to be missed.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Dimitriou, Ioannis
(författare)
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Short Rotation Coppice Moving Forward in a Bio-Based Economy
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - 2282-5819. ; , s. 264-269
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perennial Short Rotation Woody Crops ("SRC" or "Short Rotation Coppice") are woody species such as willow, poplar, robinia and others. Their cultivation is a good alternative to annual energy crops and can be complementary to existing agricultural systems. Aside from being harvested for energy production, the cultivation of SRCs has many potential benefits compared to annual crops. For instance, they may help to improve water quality, enhance biodiversity, provide ecosystem services (hunting, beekeeping, water supply, fire protection), mitigate animal diseases between farms, prevent erosion, reduce artificial input materials (fertilizers, pesticides) and mitigate climate change due to carbon storage. These advantages have to be promoted to produce sustainable woodchips from SRC, enhancing the positive impacts of SRC to the environment. Thereby, the following sustainability aspects must be considered: SRC has most positive impacts on marginal land and especially as structural elements in the landscape, bordering for instance fields, roads, and electricity lines. The sustainability of the supply chains is specifically addressed in the project SRCplus. The SRCplus project contributes to remove the non-technological barriers of SRC development in Europe through the support of implementing local SRC supply chains. Thereby, synergies with other agricultural uses, ecosystem services and nature conservation measures are exploited. This paper presents first results of the SRCplus project, and discusses sustainability aspects of SRC.
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| 5. |
- Dimitriou, Ioannis
(författare)
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Short Rotation Woody Crops: Experiences from the EU Project SRCplus
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - 2282-5819. ; , s. 143-149
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perennial Short Rotation Woody Crops ("SRC" or "Short Rotation Coppice") are woody species such as willow, poplar, robinia and others. Their cultivation is a good alternative to annual energy crops and can be complementary to existing agricultural systems. Aside from being harvested for energy production, the cultivation of SRCs has many potential benefits compared to annual crops. For instance, they may help to improve water quality, enhance biodiversity, provide ecosystem services (hunting, beekeeping, water supply, fire protection), mitigate animal diseases between farms, prevent erosion, reduce artificial input materials (fertilizers, pesticides) and mitigate climate change due to carbon storage. These advantages have to be promoted to produce sustainable woodchips from SRC, enhancing the positive impacts of SRC to the environment. Thereby, the following sustainability aspects must be considered: SRC has most positive impacts on marginal land and especially as structural elements in the landscape, bordering for instance fields, roads, and electricity lines. The sustainability of the supply chains is specifically addressed in the project SRCplus. The SRCplus project contributes to remove the non-technological barriers of SRC development in Europe through the support of implementing local SRC supply chains. Thereby, synergies with other agricultural uses, ecosystem services and nature conservation measures are exploited. This paper presents the final results of the SRCplus project.
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| 6. |
- Egnell, Gustaf
(författare)
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Lessons learned from compliance and verification processes in certification of forestry biomass
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - 2282-5819. ; , s. 308-310
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of the bioeconomy and the growing demand for biomass have raised concerns about the sustainability of an increased biomass use. To address this issue, various certification systems and labels have been developed to verify compliance with sustainability requirements in bioenergy and bio-based value chains. However, various market requirements and political frameworks make certification complex and difficult to understand. An IEA Bioenergy Task 45 project has analyzed existing certification schemes to better understand methodological differences and compliance factors. This article summarises the main project outcomes regarding relevant compliance and verification parameters such as risk assessments, transparency, auditor competencies and others. Sustainability certification supports sustainable biomass production, but it alone cannot guarantee sustainability. Certification should be part of a broader sustainability governance framework, including national policies and legislation. The complexity and competition of markets and political frameworks can lead to a race to the bottom that jeopardizes trust and reputation. Policy makers and industry need to streamline certification as a driver of change within a functional governance framework.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ericsson, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of Soil Organic Carbon and the Time Frame on the GWP in a Short Rotation Coppice LCA
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - 2282-5819. ; , s. 2235-2237
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The energy delivered from short rotation coppice willow is expected to increase in Sweden. Expanding the area of willow will lead to land use changes which may affect soil organic carbon stocks. Many previous life cycle assessments on climate impact of willow exclude soil organic stock changes. These studies also use different system time frames, depending on how long the plantation is expected to prevail. In the present work the global warming potential was assessed for a short rotation coppice willow system established on a 20-year old fallow, including and excluding soil organic carbon, using different time frames and functional units. The global warming potential using a time frame of 24 years was -16.3 kg CO2-eq • GJ-1 including soil organic carbon compared to 6.7 kg CO2-eq • GJ-1 when excluded, showing the importance to consider soil organic carbon changes in life cycle assessments of short rotation coppice when a land use change take place. The time frame and the functional unit chosen were also shown to have an influence on the climate impact.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Gebresenbet, Girma
(författare)
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Comparison of Environmental, Social and Economic Approach to the Pruning Utilization within the Europruning Project
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - 2282-5819. ; , s. 1513-1515
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the paper an outline of the assessment methodology and the determined results for three types of analysis (environmental, social and economic) are compared. The overall conclusion is, that there is a negative correlation between economic and social analysis results. The social analysis for scenarios, when a farmer collects the branches as a hobby (unpaid labor) gave the highest values of social indicator (SROI). Scenarios with market wages for a handmade collection gave also positive, but not so high SROI results. They also generated high incomes for local energy producer. In this case subsidizing should be considered. For standard business models (with the machinery specialized for pruning) all three analyses - economic, environmental, and social - gave positive results. For social analysis the result (SROI) varied in the range from 2 to 8.
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| 11. |
- Gebresenbet, Girma, et al.
(författare)
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Europruning Project: Summary of Final Results
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - 2282-5819. ; , s. 89-102
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pruning resources from permanent crops essentially are an unexploited biomass resource in the EU28 even though a significant amount of them, more than 13 million tonnes over dry basis, are currently produced every year. With the aim of promoting a change towards a larger utilisation of biomass from prunings, the EuroPruning project (Developing a new logistics chain for biomass from prunings, FP7-312078) has developed research and demonstration activities looking for solving the current gaps in technology and knowledge which slow down the mobilisation of agricultural prunings to the energy market. EuroPruning has developed solutions both to overcome the existing social and techno-economic barriers (related to harvesting, on-site pre-treatment, quality and transport) and to bring to the market woody solid biomass resources produced from the branches, cuttings or stems produced under the common agricultural practices on permanent crops. This paper presents a wrap-up of the EuroPruning most relevant results and contributions for Europe in the main activities that are being carried out in the project (EuroPruning finishes in mid July 2016): quality traceability, harvesting equipment, storage, cost-effective logistics (Complete Logistics Smart System), soil affections, social-economic-environmental assessments and finally, policy recommendations to tackle non-technical barriers.
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| 12. |
- Grahn, Maria, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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The cost-effectiveness of electrofuels in comparison to other alternative fuels for transport in a low carbon future
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - 2282-5819. ; 2016:24thEUBCE, s. 1472-1478
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In future, a complement to biofuels, which also can originate from biomass, is electrofuels. Electrofuels are synthetic hydrocarbons, e.g. methane or methanol, produced from carbon dioxide (CO2) and water with electricity as primary energy source. The CO2 can be captured from e.g. biofuel production plants and thereby potentially provide an opportunity for biofuel producers to increase the yield from the same amount of biomass. This project assesses if there are conditions under which electrofuels are cost-effective compared to other fuels for transport in order to reach climate targets. Energy systems analysis are conducted using a well-established energy-economic long-term global energy systems model developed to include also electrofuels as transportation fuels. In this initial assessment, the results indicate that electrofuels is not the most cost-efficient option for road transport. It may become a complement to other alternatives if assuming very high cost for fuel cells and batteries. In future studies it would be interesting to analyze the impact from assuming that carbon capture and storage technologies will be large scale available, the effect of fluctuating electricity prices, and the role of electrofuels in the aviation and shipping sectors.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Hansson, Julia, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE PROSPECTS FOR DIFFERENT BIOFUELS AND ELECTROFUELS FROM FOREST RESIDUES-STRATEGIES FOR DROP-IN AND SINGLE MOLECULE FUELS ARE BOTH INTERESTING OPTIONS
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - : ETA-Florence Renewable Energies. - 2282-5819. ; , s. 333-340
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study compares several forest biomass-based biofuels and some electrofuels, for use in cars and trucks, in terms of economic and climate performance and resource efficiency from a Swedish perspective. Both dropin fuels possible to blend in conventional fuels and single molecule fuels requiring new vehicles and infrastructure are included. Mature costs for feedstock, production, distribution, and vehicles are included. There is no clear winner between drop-in and single-molecular fuels when considering both costs, GHG emissions and resource efficiency, neither for cars nor trucks. For trucks, both single-molecular fuels in the form of methanol and DME (dimethyl ether) and drop-in fuels in the form of diesel based on lignin and from hydropyrolysis perform best (given a process designed to reach high GHG performance). For cars drop-in fuels such as petrol produced from lignin or hydropyrolysis perform well, closely followed by the single molecular fuels methanol, DME and methane and some of the other drop-in fuels. For cars, where electrification is progressing fast, it is reasonable to apply the drop-in fuel strategy. For trucks, either continue with the drop-in fuel strategy or, due to uncertainties linked to new fuel production processes, invest in single molecule fuels such as methanol and DME.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Hansson, Julia, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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COST-EFFECTIVE MARINE FUELS AND PROPULSION TECHNOLOGIES FOR NORDIC SHIPPING – THE ROLE OF HYDROGEN VERSUS BIOFUELS
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - 2282-5819. ; , s. 441-444
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decarbonizing transport is one of the key energy challenges in the Nordic countries. Enhanced introduction of renewable marine fuels is required. The aim of this study is to assess which alternative fuels and propulsion options that are cost-effective for shipping in the future Nordic region (Sweden, Norway, and Denmark) striving to reach stringent CO2 emissions reduction targets by 2050, in an energy system context. The role of hydrogen (and electrofuels) versus the role of biofuels is in focus. The assessment indicates that marine biofuels (primarily biodiesel and methanol) as well as compressed hydrogen represent cost-effective mitigation measures in the Nordic shipping sector both in the mid (2030) to long term (2050) for different GHG reduction pathways. With more stringent CO2 targets, also synthetic natural gas i.e., renewable methane represents a cost-effective solution. The introduction of policies specifically promoting renewable fuels in the shipping sector such as a tax on fossil marine fuels and a blending requirement does not influence the cost-effectiveness of marine fuels in the modelling. However, in reality the future role of hydrogen, electrofuels, and biofuels for shipping may depend on the design and details of the policies introduced for promoting alternative marine fuels. Keywords: biofuel, hydrogen, electrofuels, carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, cost-effectiveness, shipping.
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| 17. |
- Hansson, Julia, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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COSTS FOR REDUCING GHG EMISSIONS FROM ROAD AND AIR TRANSPORT WITH BIOFUELS AND ELECTROFUELS
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - : ETA-Florence Renewable Energies. - 2282-5819. ; , s. 368-372
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The potential future role of different biofuels, hydrogen, and so-called electrofuels/power-to-X (produced by electricity, water, and carbon dioxide, CO2) in different transportation sectors remains uncertain. The CO2 abatement cost, i.e., the cost for reducing a certain amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, is central from a societal and business perspective, the latter specifically in the case of an emission reduction obligation system (like in Germany and Sweden). The abatement cost of a specific fuel value chain depends on the production cost and the GHG reduction provided by the fuel. This paper analyses the CO2 abatement costs for different types of biofuels, biomass-based jet fuels and electrofuels for road transport and aviation, relevant for the Swedish and EU context. Since most assessed alternative fuel pathways achieve substantial GHG emission reduction compared to fossil fuels, the fuel production cost is, in general, more important to achieve a low CO2 abatement cost. The estimated CO2 abatement cost ranges from -0.37 to 4.03 SEK/kgCO2 equivalent. Fuels based on waste feedstock, have a relatively low CO2 abatement cost. Fuel pathways based on electricity or electricity and biomass have relatively high CO2 abatement cost. The CO2 abatement cost for lignocellulosic based pathways generally ends up in between.
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| 18. |
- Hansson, Julia, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Fuel choices for different transport modes when decarbonizing the scandinavian energy system
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - 2282-5819. ; , s. 1068-1073
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To meet future climate targets, shipping, aviation, and road transport need to reduce their carbon dioxide emissions. This partly by the introduction of alternative transportation fuels and a range of fuel options exist. This study provides an initial assessment of cost-effective future fuel choices for shipping, aviation and road transport in Scandinavia considering carbon reduction requirements and the entire energy system. The cost minimizing energy systems model TIMES Nordic covering Sweden, Norway and Denmark is used. For passenger and freight road transport a considerable electrification seems cost-effective. However, biofuels are needed too, not least in shipping and aviation. The findings indicate that biomass-based marine fuels and bio-jet fuels represent cost-effective mitigation measures in the shipping and aviation sector for 2030 and 2050 in all studied scenario cases. Electrofuels in the aviation and shipping sector is to some extent also a cost-effective option but only when carbon capture and storage is not deployed in large-scale. In general, the development of carbon capture and storage for biomass-based technologies and how these negative emissions will be considered in policy making is important for the development also in the transport sector and particularly for the role of biofuels.
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| 19. |
- Heyne, Stefan, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Bio-SNG Production via Gasification - Process Integration Aspects for Improving Process Performance
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 21st European Biomass Conference and Exhbition. - 2282-5819. - 9788889407530 ; , s. 1291 - 1304
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents results from a comprehensive process integration study of different process alternatives for Bio-SNG production based on biomass gasification. The influence of the different conversion steps in the process chain – drying, gasification, gas cleaning, methanation, and gas upgrade – on the overall process performance is investigated. Process bottlenecks as well as heat and material integration aspects are highlighted. Using future energy market scenarios, the energetic, economic, and carbon footprint performance of different process configurations are evaluated from a system perspective. About 63 MLHV of Bio-SNG can be produced from a process converting 100 MWth,LHV (20 wt-% moisture) of forestry residues. Drying of the feedstock from a natural moisture content of 50 wt-% using internal process heat recovery is shown to be important for increasing the process energy efficiency, while the choice of gasification and methanation technology is shown to be of minor importance from a process integration perspective. Amine-based CO2 separation for gas upgrade is shown to be preferable to membrane or pressure-swing adsorption based options both from an economic and Bio-SNG yield perspective. Production cost estimates in the range of 103–112 €2010/MWhSNG indicate that price parity with fossil natural gas would require specific and significant support policies.
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| 20. |
- Heyne, Stefan, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Well-to-tank data for advanced tailor-made biofuel alternatives
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - : ETA-Florence Renewable Energies. ; 2017:25thEUBCE, s. 1230-1236
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present work is part of a cross-disciplinary Swedish research project on advanced tailor-made biofuels that aims at identifying drop-in biofuel options for the transport sector that combine excellent combustion properties with sustainable production pathways. The present paper addresses the methodology and primary results of the biofuel production pathway assessment for the diesel fuel alternatives identified within the project. The methodology is illustrated for 2-Ethylhexanol. Three alternative production pathways for 2-Ethylhexanol are analyzed: gasification-based, butanol-based and ethanol-based. The highest biomass to 2-Ethylhexanol conversion (33.9%, lower heating value basis) is achieved for the ethanol-based conversion pathway. The varying spectrum of by-products requires a sophisticated analysis necessary, as addressed in the present work. 2-Ethylhexanol as biofuel cannot outperform conventional biofuels such as e.g. ethanol from a well-to-tank energy performance perspective due to the additional conversion steps necessary. End-use phase benefits such as higher blend-in ratios or reduced pollutant emissions may change the well-to-wheel picture.
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| 21. |
- Jirjis, Raida, et al.
(författare)
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Agricultural Pruning Harvesting Demonstrations in Germany, France and Spain : Lessons Learned and Recommendations
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - 2282-5819. ; , s. 1727-1733
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- EuroPruning project aims to set the path for new and improved biomass supply chains based on agricultural prunings. EuroPruning has developed innovative technology to cope with existing technical barriers for a more feasible utilization of pruning residues. A biomass smart system logistics has been developed, composed by a Smart Box sensor mounted on truck box, an on-board control unit, a web-based information platform, and a central control unit. The aim of the smart system is to support decision making prior ordering biomass, organization of the delivery, allow quality tracking and traceability and register of transport. The GIS platform can be used as centralised by a logistic operator, or as a multi-user platform. Two harvesting machineries have been developed to cope with market gaps: the PRB 1,75 pruning baler able to produce standard 1.2x1.2 round bales, and the PC50 chipper, able to produce P45 woodchips, and to accumulated in built-in self discharge container, in big-bags or on a trailer circulating in parallel. These innovative products have been object of testing in EuroPruning demonstrations. The demonstrations have yield relevant information to raise the TRL (t echnology readiness level) of the prototypes towards pre-market or market stage. But demonstrations were furthermore, a pilot scale laboratory where farmers, logistics operators and final consumers participated together in reproducing the supply chain stage by stage. This experience has yield quite relevant information, that EuroPruning partners have expressed in this document in form of observed facts and lessons learnt.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Kwant, Kees W., et al.
(författare)
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The role of industrial biorefineries in a low-carbon economy
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - 2282-5819. ; 2018:26thEUBCE, s. 1258-1263
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper shows opportunities of biorefineries in different sectors and presents recommendations for research, industry and policy, based on a joint interactive workshop of IEA Bioenergy and IETS. Efficient use of the available biomass, with combined production of renewable fuels, chemicals and materials will be key and uptake of biorefineries at industrial level will be required to achieve the required greenhouse gas reduction by 2050. The biorefinery sector needs to build up over the next decades and a major transition in industry will be required to realise a low-carbon economy. Industrial symbioses and increased integration with a versatile production of added-value biobased products and bioenergy products can have highest impact both for climate goals and economic growth. Current developments in biorefineries are building on the long success of several industries, such as sugar and starch processing, paper and pulp as well as biotechnology and also developments in conventional and advanced biofuels. Governments can facilitate the deployment of biorefineries through different mechanisms highlighted in the paper. It is crucial to have involvement and commitments of industry sectors and cooperation of different stakeholders, as well as multidisciplinary research, communication and education.
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| 24. |
- Leion, Henrik, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental evaluation of interactions between K, Ca, and P and Mn/Si-based oxygen carriers
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - 2282-5819. ; 2017:25thEUBCE, s. 660-665
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxygen carriers are solid metal oxides particles that are able to provide and absorb oxygen via redox reactions. With oxygen carriers it is possible to provide oxygen in solid form for combustion or for fuel conversion. CO 2 -capture, hydrogen production, biogas gasification as well as combustion of waste, biomass or other fuels can be made more efficient and cheaper by the use of oxygen carries. This work experimentally examines the interaction between three elements commonly encountered in ashes from biofuel (K, Ca and P) with three oxygen carriers with different ratios of manganese and silica. In addition silica sand and pure manganese oxide particles were used as reference. The particles were mechanically mixed with salts from either K, Ca or P and placed in a furnace at 850°C with either a reducing or oxidizing atmosphere. This will for example mimic the intended use of these oxygen carriers as replacement of the bed material in FCB combustion (oxygen carrier aided combustion, OCAC) or in the use as oxygen carrier in a biofuel chemical-looping combustion (CLC) unit for CO 2 -capture. After exposure the interaction between particles and ash components where investigated with XRD and SEM. The result show that all oxygen carriers used here have less interaction with the selected ash components than in the equivalent case with silica sand. Out of the oxygen carries the one with a Si/Mn ratio of 10% performed best.
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| 25. |
- Linderholm, Carl Johan, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical-looping combustion of biomass in a 100 kW pilot
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - 2282-5819. ; 2017:25thEUBCE, s. 412-415
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is an innovative carbon-capture technology with potential to drastically reduce the cost of capture. By using a circulating bed material to transfer oxygen from the combustion air to the fuel, air and fuel are never mixed and the CO 2 can be obtained as a separate flue gas stream, undiluted by N 2 . In other words, in contrast to other capture technologies, which are burdened with a significant energy penalty, carbon capture is inherent to the CLC process. Chemical-looping combustion of biomass in combination with carbon capture and storage would lead to so called negative emissions. Manganese ores are highly promising oxygen-carrier candidates due to high reactivity and high availability. Here, we present findings from a 100 kW chemical-looping combustor for solid fuels, using a sintered manganese ore called “Sinaus” as oxygen carrier and two kinds of wood pellets as fuel. Preliminary results from 6 h of operation with steam-exploded wood pellets show fuel conversion up to 75%, and essentially complete CO 2 capture. The expected lifetime of the oxygen carrier particles was found to be 100-400 hours.
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| 26. |
- Nguyen Lyckeskog, Huyen, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Storage stability of bio-oils derived from the catatytic conversion of kraft lignin in subcritical water
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - 2282-5819. ; 2016:24thEUBCE, s. 1107-1110
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the efforts of replacing fossil raw material with renewable resources, most attention has been on carbohydrates (e.g. 2nd generation ethanol). However, during the last period of time the interest in lignin has raised due to its aromatic nature and that it now has started to be more abundant. The conversion of lignin in subcritical water into smaller aromatic units is a promising process because of the relatively mild operating temperatures, which allows the aromatic structures to be retained. In this work, we have investigated the storage stability of lignin-derived bio-oil obtained from the continuous process at subcritical conditions of water (25 MPa, 350oC). The bio-oil was stored at an ambient temperature for 1–2 years. The changes in water concentration (Karl Fischer measurement), chemical composition (GC-MS and elemental analysis) and molecular weight (GPC analysis) of bio-oils were evaluated before and after the storage. The bio-oil was fractionated into: light oil (a low Mw fraction), heavy oil and solids (the high Mw fractions) and all three fractions were analyzed in order to obtain a better understanding about the stability of monomeric as well as oligomeric structures.
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| 27. |
- Pissot, Sébastien, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Recirculation of reactive fines – an optimization strategy for existing dual fluidized bed gasification systems
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - 2282-5819. ; , s. 462-466
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In industrial dual fluidized bed gasifiers, flue gas and producer gas ashes are generally re-injected in the system with the aim of recovering bed material and unconverted carbon. The impact of such recirculation on the gas quality has however not been investigated before. Some of the ash components found in these fly ashes are known to positively affect the gas composition, char gasification and tar content of the producer gas and, as a consequence, their recirculation is expected to impact these parameters. In order to investigate these effects, recirculation of coarse fly ashes was carried out in the Chalmers 2-4MWth gasifier, by first artificially creating a substantial amount of fly ashes by injection of fine particles of untreated olivine. The fly ashes collected were recirculated at several occasion and the gas quality assessed. It was found that recirculation of reactive fly ashes enhances the gas quality, in particular in term of tar concentration. This improvement was also observed to be lasting, suggesting change in the bed material composition. Very high bed activity was reached after two days during which only the combustor was functioning, and this despite an extensive regeneration of the bed.
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| 28. |
- Poulikidou, Sofia, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT AND FUTURE FUELS FOR THE TRANSPORT SECTOR
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - 2282-5819. ; 26thEUBCE:May 2018, s. 1396-1407
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To facilitate the transition to a sustainable and less fossil dependent transport sector in the short to medium term, the current fuel mix needs to be enriched with renewable fuel alternatives. The present work aims to assess and highlight the opportunities for current and future biomass based fuels to be utilized. Seven fuels and fuel blends fulfilling the EN590 diesel fuel standard have been selected and are compared using qualitative and quantitative criteria covering technical, environmental and economic attributes of the fuels. Mature fuels such as dimethyl-ether (DME) and hydrotreated vegetable oils (HVO) are ranked higher in the assessment due to the increased possibility for environmental gains at moderate costs. For future fuels to be competitive stricter regulation in terms of GHG emissions savings are needed.
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| 29. |
- Seemann, Martin, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the start-up- knowledge transfer from bed material testing at Chalmers to the operation of the gobigas gasification unit
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - 2282-5819. ; :24thEUBCE, s. 546-548
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2016 ETA-Florence Renewable Energies. The operation of industrial sized plants is often based on experience and the operational window is usually narrow, around an optimum operational point. To get to that optimal point, the plant is designed for, it needs to go through a cumbersome start-up. In case of the 30MW gasification unit at the GoBiGas plant, one of the major hurdles during the commissioning of the plant was to control and limit the amount of tar produced from the gasifier. The high tar loads which clogged the raw gas cooler were preventing the standard operation to be attained, as olivine which is used as a bed material active towards tar decomposition had to undergo an in-situ activation. In principal two main activation mechanisms are considered, ash incorporation and structural changes due to heat treatment under red-ox conditions.
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| 30. |
- Strandberg, Anna, Dr, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Char conversion characterized by synchrotron based X-ray micro-tomography and SEM-EDS analysis
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - : ETA-Florence Renewable Energies. - 2282-5819. ; , s. 485-491
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fuel and ash properties were studied during fuel conversion by careful examination of char samples at different degrees of char oxidation. Two types of lignocellulosic pellets with different compositions of ash forming elements were used: poplar and straw from wheat. The charred pellets were investigated by synchrotron-based X-ray micro-tomography to create 3D images of the development of cracks, internal cavities, and ash layers during conversion. Furthermore, SEM-EDS was used to for detailed chemical and morphological information of the ash layers formed. The pore development during pellet conversion was found to deviate from what has previously been described for the structure of solid wood particles. Large cracks and internal cavities were formed extensively already during devolatilization. For poplar, no mobility of the ash forming elements were observed as the burnout proceeded. Ash layer properties varied between the two fuels: poplar formed a porous, permeable, low density and Ca rich ash, whereas wheat straw ash accumulated on the surface in the form of high density melt that develop into bubbles on the surface. As the conversion proceeded, the ash layer covered more of the active char surface area, but without totally blocking the gas transport.
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| 31. |
- Tamosiunas, Andrius, et al.
(författare)
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Twinning for promoting excellence, ability and knowledge to develop advanced waste gasification solutions
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - 2282-5819. ; , s. 1396-1399
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The H2020 project TWIN-PEAKS emphasises on promoting excellence and knowledge to develop advanced waste gasification solutions as well as incorporating power-to-X concept (PtX) by establishing a research and innovation collaboration between Lithuanian Energy Institute (LEI, Lithuania), Vytautas Magnus University (VDU, Lithuania), Technical University of Munich (TUM, Germany), Chalmers University of Technology (CTH, Sweden), and WIP (Germany). The final goal is to raise the scientific excellence, capacities and international reputation of LEI and VMU in these respective fields. This will be achieved by the planned project activities, such as training, summer schools, conference and outreach events, dedicated for early-stage and advanced researchers. One of the key activities and milestones is the adoption of a joint research strategy between project partners, which is based on three research pillars: (plasma-enhanced) gasification processes, (plasma-assisted) methanation and feedstocks and utilization pathways. The strategy fully reflects the aims and goals of Lithuania and European Union, which are defined in Lithuania’s National Energy Independence Strategy, a national law on the Usage of Alternative Fuels and European Green Deal, including circular economy and climate change initiatives and ambitions. A short outlook regarding the current situation and perspectives in waste-to-energy and power-to-X in Lithuania is also described. Finally, a short description on how the adopted research strategy may contribute to the achievement of the goals defined in national and EU initiatives is also provided.
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| 32. |
- Wagner, Katharina, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Phosphorus on the Layer Formation on K-feldspar during Fluidized Bed Combustion and Gasification
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - : ETA-Florence Renewable Energies. - 9788889407189 ; 26thEUBCE, s. 486-492
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, mainly wood-based feedstocks are used in thermo-chemical biomass conversion since they have a comparably high heating value and contain a small amount of ash. Fluidized beds allow a greater variety of fuels to be used, since they are rather flexible regarding their fuel input. The use of biogenic waste streams (chicken manure, horse manure, etc.) and sewage sludge would not only increase the fuel diversity in fluidized beds but might also enhance the usability of side products. The contained essential nutrients like phosphorus, potassium, calcium, etc. in these fuels are enriched in the ash after thermochemical conversion. Thus, in the near future it may be possible to apply this ash as secondary resource for fertilizer. Especially the recovery of phosphorus is of importance due to the imminent phosphorus scarcity. Due to its tendency to react with ash forming elements in fuels, phosphorus influences the ash chemistry severely. Especially the agglomeration and layer formation on bed materials during biomass combustion and gasification is highly dependent on the predominant ash forming elements. Phosphorus therefore has a significant impact on those mechanisms. Until now, the behavior of phosphorus-rich fuels in fluidized beds has not been studied in much detail. To develop a basic understanding of the behavior, phosphorus-rich feedstock was combusted in a bench-scale fluidized bed reactor. Ash layers on bed particles, which were formed during these experiments, were studied and compared to results with phosphorus-lean fuels. Furthermore, layer formation of phosphorus-rich and phosphorus-lean fuels from dual fluid bed gasification were compared to those from fluidized bed combustion. The studied layers on bed materials showed significant amounts of phosphorus. The data also indicates a change in layer formation as soon as phosphorus is present. An increased catalytic activity due ash-layer formation was observed for both phosphorus-rich and phosphorus-lean feedstock, independent from the presence of phosphorus in the ash layer.
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