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1.
  • Adl-Zarrabi, Bijan, 1959, et al. (författare)
  • Ground Source De-Icing and Snow Melting Systems for Infrastructure
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 72, s. 1621-1628
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Thermal de-icing and snow melting methods to control winter conditions on surfaces of transport infrastructure offer several advantages compared to conventional techniques. These include the automated control of safe surface conditions, avoidance of chemicals and their environmental impact and prolongation of the life span of the infrastructure. Hydronic heat transfer systems can take advantage of collection of solar energy mainly during summertime and seasonal storage of thermal energy by geothermal heat exchange. Making use of these renewable resources in combination with energy storage enables savings in primary energy. In June 2021, the International Energy Agency (IEA), initiated a project related to utilization of ground thermal energy sources for de-icing of surfaces in transport infrastructures. The present paper gives a first overview of the project goals and methods.
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2.
  • Adl-Zarrabi, Bijan, 1959, et al. (författare)
  • Hydronic Pavement Heating for Sustainable Ice-free Roads
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 14, s. 704-713
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Hydronic pavement is an alternative method for de-icing of roads. A hydronic pavement (HP) could be more environmental friendly than traditional de-icing methods such as salting. The HP system consists of embedded pipes in the pavement structure, with a fluid as energy carrier. The performance of a HP system strongly depends on a number of parameters e.g. the location of the pipes, the thermal properties of pavement structure and the temperature level of the heat storage system. In this paper initial results related to the designing of a HP system are presented.
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3.
  • Adl-Zarrabi, Bijan, 1959, et al. (författare)
  • Safe and Sustainable Coastal Highway Route E39
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 14, s. 3350-3359
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The project “Coastal Highway Route E39” have a mandate to, investigate how infrastructure can exploit renewable energy to reduce environmental footprint. Three PhD projects were initiated on this subject at Chalmers University of Technology by Norwegian public road administration. Results in this paper conclude that (1) Life Cycle Assessment should have a geographical dimension with respect to assumptions and input data, (2) there are substantial potential to reduce the CO2 emissions from the E39, especially when considering an electrification, and (3) the harvested energy from hydronic pavement system can be enough for maintaining ice-free roads in Nordic countries.
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4.
  • Behrends, Sönke, 1976 (författare)
  • Recent developments in urban logistics research – a review of the proceedings of the International Conference on City Logistics 2009 – 2013
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 12, s. 278 - 287
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper reviews research published in the proceedings of the International Conferences on City Logistics in 2009, 2011 and 2013. The purpose is to analyse its relevance to urban logistics problems and to identify gaps. The results indicate that the research addresses mainly urban distribution problems from the authority and carrier perspective in a European and Asian context. Three conclusions can be drawn from the review. First, the research has to address a wider range of market segments; second, there is a need for more research from the shipper and receiver perspective; and third, more research addressing Asian and especially African cities is necessary.
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5.
  • Boo, Eva, et al. (författare)
  • Understanding mobility profiles and e-kickscooter use in three urban case studies in Europe
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - 2352-1457 .- 2352-1465.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This investigation aims to understand mobility profiles and e-kickscooter (e-ks) use by investigating three urban case studies in Europe. 398 participants took part in a survey with 56 questions regarding regular trip characteristics, mobility experience and attitudes towards e-ks. Seven distinct mobility profiles were identified in the overall sample. Four out of the seven include non-riders of e-ks and three correspond to e-ks riders (both occasional and regular). Mobility profiles were further characterised by transport habits and psychological and behavioural aspects. Results show that differences between the sociodemographic profile of respondents and urban related factors like the role of cars to satisfy mobility needs, infrastructure, safety regulations, weather and bicycle culture were likely to shape the dominant mobility profiles in each city. Moreover, the use of e-ks is still limited, both owned and shared, in all three case studies and population type. Regular riders of e-ks only represented 8% of the total surveyed population. The segmentation analysis included in this paper is a valuable source of knowledge for tailored policy and communication efforts.
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6.
  • Castrellon, Juan Pablo, 1989, et al. (författare)
  • Uncovering freight curbside management effects on cities' sustainable development goals. A systematic literature review
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 72, s. 2581-2588
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Scarce urban space needs to be wisely managed to avoid cities' unsustainability. Overlooking freight activities in urban mobility policies leads to conflicting scenarios in public space use with negative consequences in congestion, pollution, crashes, and productivity lobes. This paper aims at identifying the unsustainable effects of freight parking practices and the solutions reported in the literature to overcome them. A systematic literature review was conducted to collect quantitative evidence of curbside management impacts on sustainability. Key performance indicators from the 11th Sustainable Development Goal (SDG11) were linked to the 55 selected studies. Findings suggested positive impacts from four practices of freight curbside management and the need to include people-centred approaches in the design, implementation, and evaluation of public space policies.
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7.
  • Conter, Marco, et al. (författare)
  • PROCEEDR - Optimizing Resources for more Sustainable Noise and Safety Barriers on European Roads
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 72, s. 596-603
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PROCEEDR aims to create tools to enable National Road Administrations to identify innovative and sustainable solutions to facilitate the transition from linear to circular economy in the field of roadside infrastructure. At the same time, high functional demand and technical performance requirements still need to be met. Therefore, the scope of PROCEEDR is to gather an overview of innovative and sustainable solutions with focus on noise and safety barriers, as well as to provide tools for selecting the most suitable and cost-effective solutions. The paper gives a general overview of the project goals and the methodology to be used, showing also the first activities performed. More detailed results will be presented at the conference in November 2022, while other project results will be presented in the frame of upcoming conferences.
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8.
  • Gebresenbet, Girma (författare)
  • Mapping out goods flow to Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia, and it impact on environment
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1457 .- 2352-1465. ; 25, s. 1008-1020
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The rapid growth of socioeconomic activity The rapid growth of socioeconomic activity in Addis Ababa city creates huge demand for delivery of goods involving urban freight transport. The rise in demand combined to the limited space of the city increases the manoeuvring difficulty of freight vehicles. These factors highly contribute to traffic congestion, traffic accident and environmental degradation. The road transport is serving as the major transport means of the country and Addis Ababa city has the largest share of vehicular fleet. The objective of the study was to identify the existing constraints of traffic congestion and exhaust emission from freight vehicles inside the city and map out the benefits of night delivery system.The study used classified vehicle count based in their loading capacity, travel time and travel length between the origin (freight gates) and the destination points in the city center, and direct tail pipe emission measurement of CO and CO2 gases from freight vehicles based on their age group as main input. The collected data's are analyzed by taking two different scenarios of the current condition and the other by shifting the freight vehicles movement to the night time. The result showed total estimated vehicle-kilometer of 183,873.11 and vehicle-hour of 6,784.96 releasing 36.84 tons of CO2 and 100 kilogram of CO pollutant gases at each day. Whereas the night delivery reduces the travel time by 30 40%, vehicle - kilometer by 6% and vehicle-hour by 33.49% for every delivery operation saving the total emission of CO2 by 10.46% and CO by 10.80% every single day. It can be deducted that night delivery could be one of the solution to the current freight transport problem of Addis Ababa city. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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9.
  • Gellerman, Helena, 1960, et al. (författare)
  • Data sharing of transport research data
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 14, s. 2227-2236
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • With the rapid progress of the development of intelligent transport systems over the last 15 years, the need for testing them in the real world and collecting data about their impact became more and more important. We have seen a fast growth in the number of Field Operational Tests (FOT) and Naturalistic Driving Studies (NDS) performed worldwide. The need to better understand the benefits of safety systems and the factors behind the occurrence of incidents and accidents have been a main driving force and the data has therefore been collected through naturalistic driving by volunteer drivers. As the number of different datasets has increased and so also the awareness of the substantial effort and funding needed to run these FOT/NDS, the interest in data sharing has increased worldwide. The availability of a common Data Sharing Framework (DSF) could highly facilitate a larger use of the collected FOT/NDS data. The FOT-Net Data project has developed such a framework, in collaboration with a variety of stakeholders from Europe, the US, Japan and other countries. The seven topics addressed by the DSF are (1) project agreements, (2) data and metadata descriptions, (3) data protection, (4) training, (5) support and research services, (6) financial models and (7) applications procedures. Many of the topics are general and can be used for other types of transport research data as well. There remain challenges to make data sharing possible on a global scale. Some of these are: the project funding schemes, leading to multiple schemas of ownerships of data, and the legal settings in different countries. On a technical level, the documentation of datasets and of the metadata describing the test is not always sufficient. Furthermore, new projects need to be made aware of the importance of inserting the pre-requisites for data sharing into the different project agreements right from the start. This paper describes the content of the DSF with its hands-on recommendations on how to prepare for and perform data sharing of transport research data. It also presents the status of a use case, implementing the DSF into the European project UDRIVE.
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10.
  • Ghanbarikarekani, Mina, et al. (författare)
  • Minimizing the stop time of private vehicles at intersections with LRT signal priority systems
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 48:2020, s. 939-945
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There are some strategies suggested to improve the performance of intersections and increase the demand for public vehicles by prioritizing them. To this end, several methods have been used such as Transit Signal Priority (TSP) system for Light Rail transit (LRT). LRT signal priority is a timing strategy that gives priority to LRTs at signalized intersections through changing the sequence of phases, extending green time and reducing red time at LRT's phase. In this paper, we propose a model to improve LRT signal priority systems. The developed model minimizes the green extension and red reduction of LRT's phase by estimating an optimal speed for LRTs reaching the stop line. Consequently, the priority of LRTs would be maintained while the performance of private vehicles would be improved by decreasing their stop time.
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11.
  • Hedvall, Klas, 1961, et al. (författare)
  • Variety in freight transport service procurement approaches
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 25, s. 806-823
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Freight transport is featured by complexity owing to interdependences within supply networks. The aim of this paper is to explore the variety in freight transport service procurement approaches and how these impact on vehicle utilization. The paper relies empirically on a case study featuring different conditions for, and approaches to, transport services from the perspectives of buyers and suppliers of transport services. Three particular dimensions are identified; (1) the nature of the transport needs, (2) the buying firms share of and influence on the utilization of vehicles, and (3) the division of labor with regard to how the firms handle their needs for transport services. The paper concludes that the variety of transport service procurement approaches impacts heavily on the conditions for vehicle utilization.
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12.
  • Holguin-Veras, José, et al. (författare)
  • Sustainable Urban Freight Systems and Freight Demand Management
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 12, s. 40-52
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The paper defines the field of Freight Demand Management (FDM) and positions it in the broad range of public sector initiatives aimed at improving urban freight activity. To illustrate the magnitude of the impacts of FDM, the paper estimates the contributions to freight traffic by the various industry sectors in a sample of metropolitan areas, establishes the role of freight behavior research, and summarizes the performance of a number of FDM initiatives. The paper ends with a discussion of policy implications and conclusions.
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13.
  • Hurter, C., et al. (författare)
  • Usage of more transparent and explainable conflict resolution algorithm : Air traffic controller feedback
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2352-1457 .- 2352-1465. ; 66:C, s. 270-278
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Recently, Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have received increasable interest in various application domains including in Air Transportation Management (ATM). Different AI in particular Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are used to provide decision support in autonomous decision-making tasks in the ATM domain e.g., predicting air transportation traffic and optimizing traffic flows. However, most of the time these automated systems are not accepted or trusted by the intended users as the decisions provided by AI are often opaque, non-intuitive and not understandable by human operators. Safety is the major pillar to air traffic management, and no black box process can be inserted in a decision-making process when human life is involved. To address this challenge related to transparency of the automated system in the ATM domain, we investigated AI methods in predicting air transportation traffic conflict and optimizing traffic flows based on the domain of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). Here, AI models’ explainability in terms of understanding a decision i.e., post hoc interpretability and understanding how the model works i.e., transparency can be provided for air traffic controllers. In this paper, we report our research directions and our findings to support better decision making with AI algorithms with extended transparency.
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14.
  • Johansson, Mikael, 1987, et al. (författare)
  • Automation as an enabler: Passengers’ experience of travelling with a full-length automated bus and their expectations of a future public transport system
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 72, s. 957-964
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Twenty-two frequent public transport users experienced travelling with a fully automated, full-length bus on a test course that included nine simulated everyday traffic situations. Most participants experienced the journey as very positive and their trust in the automated system was high. In general, they were positive about using automated buses in the future but believed that this would not improve their travelling experience or change their travel behaviour without additional modifications to the system, such as dedicated public transport lanes etc. Many believed that the introduction of automated buses could create conditions for increased access to transport in rural areas and that the automated technology might enable new services that would have a great impact on public transport development, contributing a more individual, efficient and flexible public transport system.
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15.
  • Karlsson, MariAnne, 1956, et al. (författare)
  • Developing the ‘Service’ in Mobility as a Service: Experiences from a Field Trial of an Innovative Travel Brokerage
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Moving Forward: Innovative Solutions for Tomorrow's Mobility. Proceedings of the 6th Transport Research Arena TRA, Warsaw, Poland, April 18-21, 2016. - : Elsevier BV. ; 14, s. 3265-3273
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents some of the findings from the trial and evaluation of an example of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS). The service, UbiGo, was developed within the Go:Smart project in Gothenburg, Sweden. In total 195 individuals in 83 households became paying customers over a period of six months. Overall, outcome of the trial was positive, i.e. the service was used and the customers were satisfied, more so than with their previous travel solution. Based on questionnaires and interviews, key service attributes were identified, including the ‘transportation smorgasbord’ concept, simplicity, improved access and flexibility, convenience, and economy. It is argued that successful implementation of MaaS requires careful consideration of these design attributes. However, MaaS relies on cooperation and collaboration, on the notion of a co-operative and interconnected transport system (including services, infrastructure, information, and payment), where boundaries between not only transport modes are blurred but also between public and private operators. The evaluation of UbiGo indicated that the main obstacles to further dissemination of MaaS may be found within and between service providing companies and organisations in terms of, e.g. regulations and institutional barriers.
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16.
  • La Torre, F., et al. (författare)
  • Selection of the most appropriate roadside vehicle restraint system - the SAVeRS project
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 14, s. 4237-4246
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Run Off Road (ROR) crashes are road accidents that often result in severe injuries or fatalities. To reduce the severity of ROR crashes, "forgiving roadsides" need to be designed and this includes identifying situations where there is a need for a Vehicle Restraint System (VRS) and what appropriate VRS should be selected for a specific location and traffic condition. Whilst there are standards covering testing, evaluation and classification of VRS within Europe (EN1317 parts 1 to 8), their selection, location and installation requirements are typically based upon national guidelines and standards, often produced by National Road Authorities (NRA) and/or overseeing organisations. Due to local conditions, these national guidelines vary across Europe. The European SAVeRS project, funded within the 2012 CEDR Transnational Research Programme "Safety", has developed a practical and readily understandable VRS guidance document and a user-friendly software tool which allow designers and road administrations to select the most appropriate solution in different road and traffic conditions. This paper describes the main outcomes of the project, the process to select the most appropriate roadside barrier, and the user friendly SAVeRS tool.
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17.
  • Lind, Mikael, et al. (författare)
  • Sea Traffic Management - Beneficial for all Maritime Stakeholders
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. ; 14, s. 183-192
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sea Traffic Management is the idea of sharing information and collaborating to optimise the maritime transport chain while increasing safety and sustainability. The digital information on-board and on shore is abundant; however, the interconnection today is point-to-point and proprietary and stops the industry becoming more efficient. We will discuss how Sea Traffic Management will help the industry achieve improved predictability by introducing standards for key information and supplying an infrastructure for information exchange. This enables all actors involved in the transport to plan better and utilise their resources more efficiently. Shorter routes, just-in-time arrivals, shorter port calls are factors that will strengthen the competitiveness of the maritime sector. Improved situational awareness on the bridge and knowledge of planned routes will help optimised planning as well as reducing the number of incidents and accidents. The standard route exchange format submitted by the EU-financed MONALISA 2.0 project partners in 2014 is included in the current edition of the IEC standard, which was launched in August 2015. Solutions using that standard will start realising the benefits already next year. We will describe an infrastructure, which could work in a centralised manner but also has the flexibility to be organised in a more federative manner, similar to how the maritime world works in many aspects. Some key components are: a unique identifier for each voyage; that the information publisher controls who can access the data; that updated information should be made available in real-time; and that subscription to updated data will be the main trigger for many systems and processes. We will also describe the outcomes of the test beds in the MONALISA 2.0 project - The Sound: how shore and vessel can interact better in order improve safety in dense traffic areas; Port of Gothenburg and Port of Valencia - how collaborative decision making can improve operations for all involved actors; European Maritime Simulator Network - how new solutions can be tested in complex traffic situations and areas with real people on a large number of bridges, without risk. How large of an impact will all this have on the maritime transport industry? Based on a study from Linköping University, we believe that the number €1 billion/year in Europe due to shorter routes is only the tip of the benefit iceberg. In the study ship operators and society split the benefit 50/50. Ship operators save on fuel and other cost, society saves on reduced emissions, and other actors associated to maritime operations benefit from a higher degree of infrastructural use. We will also present results from other business cases developed during 2015, in which the benefits of Sea Traffic Management are elaborated on main stakeholders.
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18.
  • Linder, Astrid, 1959-, et al. (författare)
  • Open-Source Tools for Road User Safety Abessment from the VIRTUAL Project
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: TRA Lisbon 2022 Conference Proceedings Transport Research Arena. - : Elsevier. ; 72, s. 423-430
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the abessment of road user and vehicle occupant safety, physical testing is limited to a few scenarios. Virtual testing (VT) offers an opportunity to advance transport safety by introducing additional test cases. The objective of the VIRTUAL project is to provide tools such as finite element models, guidelines and a corresponding platform to foster the uptake of VT. A VT platform, OpenVT, has been established and provides open-source human body models (HBMs) of both an average female and male, seated and standing, as well as a seat, generic vehicle and tram front models. The tool chain from virtual to physical testing has been illustrated in the low severity impact case where the seat evaluation tool was developed. The newly established organisation OVTO will run the OpenVT platform in the future and govern the evolution of the results of the VIRTUAL project after its completion.
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19.
  • Lindholm, Maria, 1979, et al. (författare)
  • Introducing elements of due diligence in sustainable urban freight transport planning
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 12, s. 66-78
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents the findings from a Delphi study that has investigated the feasibility of local authorities adopting an updated transport planning process that incorporates the concept of due diligence. The Delphi panel consisted of twenty experts representing local authorities, academia and other relevant freight stakeholders from Sweden, the United Kingdom (UK), Germany, France and The Netherlands that were engaged via email survey. This resulted in the development of a refined theoretical framework that enables freight to be fully considered in local authority transport planning. (C) 2016 The Authors.
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20.
  • Luspay, T., et al. (författare)
  • Ramp metering for flow maximisation and emission reduction – a set-based multi-objective design approach
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 27, s. 937-944
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A set-theoretical approach is presented for a multi-objective control design of the local ramp metering problem. Two control objectives are specified: first, the optimization of traffic performance, by the minimization of total time spent.Second, the emission factor of CO2 is minimized. The optimal state for traffic emission however lies in the unstable domain of the system. To resolve this inconsistency, the control problem is formalized in a set-theoretical context. For this purpose, the nonlinear METANET model is rewritten in a shifted coordinate frame in a parameter-varying, polytopic representation. Bounds on state-, input- and disturbance variables are expressed by convex polytopes. These sets are then used for the design of an interpolated H∞ controller that is capable of improving traffic conditions according to the prescribed multi-objective criteria.
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21.
  • Manum, Bendik, et al. (författare)
  • Improving GIS-based Models for Bicycling Speed Estimations
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 42, s. 85-99
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • For reasons ranging from carbon emissions to public health, traffic planning as well as urban design aim to increase the modal share of bicycling on the cost of fossil fuel based commuting. However, most urban and traffic planning practices handle bicycling very schematically. Typically, tools for analyzing bicycling rely on fixed speed templates, paying little attention to the fact that bicycling speeds vary a lot depending on type of bicyclist and explicit properties of bicycle routes and the contexts of those routes. As long as very simplified assumptions form the basis for analysis, it is hard to make reliable comparisons of alternative proposals of urban form layouts and infrastructure investments. Therefore, from the perspective of traffic planning as well as from the perspective of urban planning and design, there is need for more refined methods for predicting bicycling speeds. This paper presents an outline for such a bicycling speed modelling tool.  This work combines tools and measures from two recent bikeability modelling studies. One is an urban form based study of bicycle route networks, grasping issues related to geometrical directness of routes and various measures of accessibility and density. The other calculates likely speeds based on horizontal and vertical geometry of routes. The latter model uses an advanced statistical model to grasp dependence between adjacent road segments. The new combined model is estimated using GPS tracking of real bicycle trips in combination with GIS-based data of bicycle route networks and of the local contexts of the routes.  More in detail, the new model includes parameters estimated for the following covariates:  • route geometry (by slope and by horizontal curvature) • intersection impedances derived from type of junction (by presence of signal-crossings and by kinds of crossing streets categorized by amounts of traffic) • type of bicycle-route (bicycle lane in street, separate bicycle lane, combined walk- and bicycle lane or mixed-use streets)  • kind of surface (smooth surface or gravel) • density of entrances along route (a proxy for slower bicycling due to urban/vibrant context) The modelling is based on so-called Markov-dependence, including that the covariates are used to estimate continuous speed profiles along entire routes, and not only average speed levels on road segments seen separate and independent. Through this, the new model results in more realistic speed estimations than the previous models. The paper presents the result from applying the tool on a sample of bicycle routes in Gothenburg and compares the results with analyses from previous models and with empirical data of bicycling along the same routes.
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22.
  • Pogodzinska, Sylwia, et al. (författare)
  • Bicycle Traffic Volume Estimation Based on GPS Data
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1457 .- 2352-1465. ; 45, s. 874-881
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • All the analytic methods for assessing the safety or comfort of bicyclists in urban area have as a common factor the number of bicycles that enter the system in a certain time interval or an estimate of that. The estimation of the average bicycle volume based on manual and automatic measurements is time-consuming and often require the use of expensive technology. The paper presents a method of estimation based on GPS data from a bike sharing system as a low-cost option for data collection. The analysis was made for the city of Krakow (Poland), using the daily volume of bicycles from 5 automatic counter loops and GPS data from a bike sharing system called Wavelo. Based on the two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey post-hoc test, the influence of "localization" and "day of the week" factors on the share of Wavelo bicycles in the entire bicycle flow was estimated. It was shown that examined share is not significantly different between individual days of the week, but changes significantly between analyzed locations. Developed models are characterized by high R2 coefficients (exceeding 0.90) and the average error of estimation up to 11.5%. The results of the studies show that bicycle volume can be estimated based on GPS data from bike sharing system. However, it is necessary to carry out control measurements to verify developed models and their possible application in other locations.
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23.
  • Quak, Hans, et al. (författare)
  • Freight Partnerships to City Logistics Living Labs - Giving Meaning to the Elusive Concept of Living Labs
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia 12 ( 2016 ) 461 – 473. - : Elsevier. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The paper discusses the growing importance of urban freight research given the increasing urban population trends. The complexity of urban freight systems means that it is essential for the public and private sectors to work together - one way to achieve this has been through freight partnerships. A short review of freight partnerships highlights the way in which they have fostered mutual understanding among urban freight stakeholders. The literature on shared situational awareness (SSA) and joint knowledge production (JKP) has been adapted to position freight partnerships and to further develop and link these partnerships to the concept of a living laboratory concerned with urban freight transport. This novel application of the living lab concept is introduced. Next, the first phases of a city logistics living lab brought in practice in Rotterdam are shortly mentioned. The living lab concept fits the complexities of the urban freight system well and has been a cornerstone of a recently started major freight project in the EU (CITYLAB).
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24.
  • Seredynski, M., et al. (författare)
  • Benefits and Challenges of Integration of High-Capacity Autonomous Buses to Public Transport Operations
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 72, s. 4191-4198
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • High-capacity autonomous buses can make bus travel safer, smoother, and more energy efficient. However, despite clear societal and environmental benefits there are still several challenges to be addrebed. In this article we present the outcomes of two research projects focusing on the public acceptance of high-capacity autonomous buses. Results indicate high degree of trust towards automation safety. However, in certain conditions, such as driving alone at night, perceived security appears to be an issue. In such circumstances digital forms of assistance replacing drivers will most likely not guarantee a sufficient degree of security. The paper also argues that bus automation is not a silver bullet to make PT more attractive. Instead, it shall be seen as rather an enabler of new applications allowing to efficiently prioritize PT in traffic flows to make it an attractive choice.
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25.
  • Strömberg, Helena, 1985, et al. (författare)
  • Enhancing Utilitarian Cycling: A Case Study
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 14, s. 2352-2361
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An increase in utilitarian cycling could have many benefits for society as well as the individual. Today, cycling is however used for only a small share of everyday trips. Several studies have identified factors that facilitate or hinder an increase in everyday cycling (e.g. built environment; weather; attitudes) but one factor missing from this list is the bicycle per se and its effect on the willingness to cycle. The paper presents the results of an interview study with participants (Ps) of a field trial where they promised to replace three days worth of car journeys with bicycling. Main questions posed were: how did the Ps in the field trial experience trying to shift their transport behaviours? and what role did the bicycle designs play in the attempt to shift travel behaviour? An assumption behind the project was that the present development of bicycles and accessories was an interesting entry point to increase utilitarian bicycling with potential to replace car use to a higher degree for a wider target group than ordinary bicycles. Ps were therefore guided regarding the choice of bicycle, i.e. they had to specify their needs in relation to bicycle design based on which trips they intended to use the bicycle for, and other everyday factors that could influence how and for what they would use a bicycle. The results show that cycling became the normal mode of transport for the Ps after a short period of acclimatisation and a longer period of regular cycling; they claimed that to have established a new habit. The Ps painted a very positive image of cycling as a mean of transport: as convenient, flexible, energizing, relaxing and fun. With regards to physical health, the Ps reported improvements in terms of loosing weight and lowering blood pressure. The Ps had also discovered new uses for the bicycle, aside from the intended commuting. The personalized choices of bicycle had helped the Ps overcome some initial barriers to increased utilitarian cycling, such as lacking sufficient fitness, uncomfortable, long distances, being tired, too much effort, difficulties with trip chaining, shopping and picking up children with the help of their bicycles, but other barriers remained including bad weather, being too busy, lack of time, lack of daylight, inconvenience, too dangerous and too much traffic. The study shows that it is possible to establish new habits, given certain preconditions. A bicycle that fits the individual's needs can increase the adoption of utilitarian cycling, but potential users need to be made aware of their existence and special characteristics. However, bicycle designs cannot remove all perceived obstacles. The design and interplay between different parts of the transport system sets the boundaries for the actions that are available and hence for any behavioural shift.
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26.
  • Tanko, Michael, et al. (författare)
  • Transport innovations and their effect on cities : the emergence of urban linear ferries worldwide
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier. - 2352-1457 .- 2352-1465. ; 25, s. 3961-3974
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Urban linear ferry systems are becoming an increasingly popular transport option for cities worldwide. These ferries stop at multiple destinations in a linear route configuration using high speed, high capacity vessels operating on a scheduled timetable, whereby adding to, and complementing existing public transport systems. This study seeks to provide the first international comparison of urban linear ferry systems, investigate why and how these systems have been implemented, and to explore how this innovation occurred. A set of predefined criteria was established and seven systems were selected for analysis: Brisbane, New York, London, Gothenburg, Copenhagen, Hamburg and Bangkok. The analysis was conducted in late 2014 and involved: i) a review of archival materials and reports for each location; ii) geographical information systems (GIS) mapping to compare route structures; iii) site visits; and iv) interviews conducted with key actors involved in the planning and operation of each system. A focus of the inquiry was why and how these systems were developed and the source of the innovations in each city. The study found that these ferry systems have been implemented for a number of reasons further to people moving, including economic development, tourism and city branding. The role of both private and government policy entrepreneurs was critical in explaining how the innovation occurred in each city. Ultimately, an understanding of the larger contextual role that ferries would play and the political championing of such systems helps to explain these transport innovations and the emergence of urban linear ferry systems worldwide.
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27.
  • Tozzi, Michele, et al. (författare)
  • A European initiative for more efficient and attractive bus systems: the EBSF_2 project
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 14, s. 2640-2648
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In spite of genuine innovations in the field of bus manufacturing over the recent years, user acceptance of bus transport has not duly changed. Moreover, the economic situation today calls for further research development to make bus systems more attractive for passengers and, at the same time, more efficient and economical to operate. The European Bus System of the Future 2, coordinated by UITP, combines the efforts of 42 partners to tackle this challenge. The project is committed to complete the development and testing in real operational scenarios of a set of technological solutions to evaluate to which extent such innovations can contribute to improving the attractiveness and the efficiency of bus systems mostly in terms of operational costs and energy consumption. Demonstrations in real service in 12 cities address the following key areas for innovations: energy strategy and auxiliaries, green driver assistance systems, IT standards introduction in existing fleet, vehicle design (capacity, accessibility, and modularity), intelligent garage and predictive maintenance, interface between the bus and urban infrastructure. Key solutions that still require more steps for a wide acceptance in the market are also evaluated in the project through the use of prototypes and simulation tools. The paper presents the rationale of the project as well as its positioning and ambition with respect to the state-of-the-art scenario. It also describes the methodology developed to achieve the EBSF_2 mission and the scenarios and technological innovations addressed by the Gothenburg test site as an example of the approach implemented in all the demonstrations.
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28.
  • van Eldijk, Job, 1975 (författare)
  • The wrong side of the tracks: quantifying barrier effects of transport infrastructure on local accessibility
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 42, s. 44-52
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cities can be characterized as distributions of accessibility. Two elements in the urban fabric that influence this distribution of accessibility are motorways and railways. These are powerful connectors in urban traffic systems but can also create strong barriers on a local scale. Based on a literature review, the negative effects of these barriers-also called severance-on social inclusion, health, and access to workplaces are described. Furthermore, it is pointed out that barrier effects are determined by three elements: transport infrastructure, built environment and people's wishes and needs. Two morphological indicators are presented with which some of the barrier effects identified in the literature review can be quantified. One indicator is related to proximity to facilities, measured by network distance. The other relates to accessible offer of facilities, measured as the number of facilities within a given metric radius from each residential address. The indicators are demonstrated in a case study in Gothenburg, Sweden, where a four-lane motorway and railway tracks form substantial restrictions on the urban development of a former harbor area in the center of the city. In the case study the consequences of placing the infrastructure in tunnels is assessed. The analyses show how the increases in proximity to facilities and in accessible offer of facilities are spatially distributed in non-linear patterns. These results demonstrate the importance of taking into account transport infrastructure, built environment and people's wishes and needs when assessing barrier effects. The case study indicates the potential of the proposed indicators for inclusion in a method for the quantification of barrier effects.
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29.
  • Zhang, Chi, 1992, et al. (författare)
  • Analyzing Factors Influencing Pedestrian Behavior in Urban Traffic Scenarios using Deep Learning
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 72
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users in urban traffic scenarios and need to be protected from potentially hazardous situations. It is essential for automated vehicles and modern driver-assistance systems to better predict pedestrians’ behavior to prevent road crashes. Predicting pedestrian behavior is challenging because their behavior can be influenced by many factors. In recent years, deep learning (DL) methods as powerful tools have been utilized by many researchers to improve such predictions, but few researchers have analyzed the factors that influence pedestrian behavior prediction in DL. This paper uses DL to predict and analyze the factors that influence pedestrian behavior, especially the interactions between pedestrians and other road users. We focus on real-world urban traffic and use the publicly available Waymo Open Dataset for training, testing, and analyzing. Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; Innovative Training Network (ITN); Project name: SHAPE-IT; Grant number: 860410; Publication date: 13 December 2023; DOI: 10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.637
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30.
  • Allström, Andreas, et al. (författare)
  • Calibration Framework based on Bluetooth Sensors for Traffic State Estimation Using a Velocity based Cell Transmission Model
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier. - 2352-1465. ; 3, s. 972-981
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The velocity based cell transmission model (CTM-v) is a discrete time dynamical model that mimics the evolution of the traffic velocity field on highways. In this paper the CTM-v model is used together with an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) for the purpose of velocity sensor data assimilation. We present a calibration framework for the CTM-v and EnKF. The framework consists of two separate phases. The first phase is the calibration of the parameters of the fundamental diagram and the second phase is the calibration of demand and filter parameters. Results from the calibrated model are presented for a highway stretch north of Stockholm, Sweden.
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31.
  • Allström, Andreas, et al. (författare)
  • Smartphone based travel diary collection : Experiences from a field trial in Stockholm
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2352-1465. ; , s. 32-38, s. 32-38
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Currently, there is a great need for new methods to collect travel data. Traditional methods have considerable drawbacks and, at the same time, the models used to analyse the transport system require more and more detailed and high-quality data. Since most smartphones are equipped with various sensors that can be used to determine the location of the smartphone, and since smartphones are integrated in the daily life of most people, they provide an unprecedented opportunity for large-scale travel data collection. This method has a great potential to solve the problems related to the estimation of distance/travel time, geographic coding of departure/destination locations and forgotten trips and it will also provide a more detailed and extensive data set.In a recently completed research project the feasibility of replacing or complementing the traditional travel diary, with a suite of tools that make use of smartphone collected travel data has been evaluated. The advantages and disadvantages of the traditional method and the proposed method were studied. For a fair comparison, both methods have been tested in the same city, at the same time, and with the same respondents. To achieve the objectives of the project, MEILI, a system that consists of a smartphone application for capturing the movement of users and a web application for allowing the users to annotate their movement, has been deployed. In total 2142 trips were collected and annotated by 171 users. 51 of the users annotated trips covering more than a week. The main findings of the paper are that smartphone based data collection is feasible, that the algorithms to save battery work well and that trips of the same respondent vary considerably depending on day of the week.
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32.
  • Almlöf, Erik, 1985-, et al. (författare)
  • Will public transport be relevant in a self-driving future? A demand model simulation of four scenarios for Stockholm, Sweden
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia 49. - : Association for European Transport. - 2352-1465. ; , s. 60-69
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The public sector makes long-term investments in for example tram rail lines and highways based on forecasts of future travelling but generally do not consider the impacts of self-driving technology as a factor. Several papers have presented transport system wide simulations with self-driving cars, exploring changes in mode choice, energy demand or the potential for sharing. Demand traffic models have been used in several studies, looking at modal choice changes, but the general assumption is that the public transport service remains unchanged, despite a large potential for governments to enhance service or reduce costs. This paper examines the effects of self-driving technology on the transport system with Stockholm, Sweden as a case study, looking at four scenarios which were developed with input from 130 transport professionals from industry, academia and the public sector. Each of the scenarios include one "car" and one "public transport" mode, looking at changes in e.g. modal choice and person kilometers traveled. The national demand model Sampers is used for evaluation. The results indicate a decrease in walking and bicycling in all scenarios and a decrease in public transport travelling in scenarios with a taxi-like car service. Although this result would mean a shift from public transport to car travel, the majority of travel to and from central parts of Stockholm were still made by public transport.
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33.
  • Argüello Moncayo, Gabriela, 1983 (författare)
  • Testing the boundaries between the Basel and MARPOL regimes: are they complementary or mutually exclusive?
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - 2352-1465. ; 25, s. 233-250
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Incidents relating to unsafe management of wastes generated due to blending operations on board vessels have ignited an ongoing discussion between two competing legal regimes: the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (Basel Convention) and the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships as modified by its 1978 Protocol (MARPOL). Despite that blending operations of bulk liquid cargoes during the sea voyage have been prohibited, unanswered questions remain regarding the potential applicability of the Basel Convention to ship-generated wastes while on board vessels and after their discharge at port reception facilities. This paper analyzes the relationship between the Basel Convention and MARPOL and the rationale for concluding that these regimes are indeed mutually exclusive.
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34.
  • Aria, Erfan, et al. (författare)
  • Investigation of Automated Vehicle Effects on Driver's Behavior and Traffic Performance
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier. - 2352-1465. ; 15, s. 761-770, s. 761-770
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) offer the possibility of helping drivers to fulfill their driving tasks. Despite different encouraging factors, automated driving raise some concerns such as possible loss of situation awareness, overreliance on automation and system failure. This paper aims to investigate the effects of AV on driver’s behavior and traffic performance. A literature review was conducted to examine the AV effects on driver’s behavior. Findings from the literature survey reveal that conventional vehicles (CV), i.e. human driven, which are driving close to a platoon of AV with short THW, tend to reduce their THW and spend more time under their critical THW. Additionally, driving highly AV reduce situation awareness and can intensify driver drowsiness, exclusively in light traffic.In order to investigate the influences of AV on traffic performance, a simulation case study consisting of a 100% AV scenario and a 100% CV scenario was performed using microscopic traffic simulation. Outputs of this simulation study reveal that the positive effects of AV on roads are especially highlighted when the network is crowded (e.g. peak hours). This can definitely count as a constructive point for the future of road networks with higher demands. In details, average density of autobahn segment remarkably improved by 8.09% during p.m. peak hours in the AV scenario, while the average travel speed enhanced relatively by 8.48%. As a consequent, the average travel time improved by 9.00% in the AV scenario.The outcome of this study jointly with the previous driving simulator studies illustrates a successful practice of microscopic traffic simulation to investigate the effects of AV. However, further development of the microscopic traffic simulation models are required and further investigations of mixed traffic situation with AV and CV need to be conducted.
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35.
  • Badia, Hugo, et al. (författare)
  • Feeder Transit Services in Different Development Stages of Automated Buses : Comparing Fixed Routes versus Door-to-Door Trips
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2352-1465. ; , s. 521-528
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The arrival of automated vehicles could significantly reduce the operating cost of mobility services. This fact has encouraged researchers to propose door-to-door services instead of the current fixed routes. However, a comparison between these two alternatives is required in order to identify when (depending on the development degree of the automated vehicles) and where (depending on the characteristics of the area of service) the implementation of each service is the most competitive solution. This research compares the two types of transit services to supply first/last-mile solutions in suburban areas. By means of an analytical approach, the results show that fixed routes remain the most efficient alternative unless the new technology reaches a certain degree of development that allows a high reduction of operating costs. In this case, the applicability of door-to-door services will significantly increase under certain circumstances: small areas of service, short distance trips and high values of time.
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36.
  • Bein, T., et al. (författare)
  • Enhanced Lightweight Design - First Results of the FP7 Project ENLIGHT
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2352-1465. ; , s. 1031-1040
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The European Green Vehicle project ENLIGHT aims to advance highly innovative lightweight material technologies for application in structural vehicle parts of future volume produced Electric Vehicles (EVs) along four axes: performance, manufacturability, cost effectiveness and lifecycle footprint. The main target is to develop viable and sustainable solutions for medium production volume up to 50.000 EVs destined to reach the market in the next 8-12 years. The specific objectives of the ENLIGHT project are on holistic and integrated conceptual design and manufacturing concerning how the technologies and materials addressed can be combined into a representative medium-volume EV. The solutions will be demonstrated in five modules: a front module and central floor module, a front door, a sub-frame and suspension system as well as a cross-car beam. In this paper, a summary of the major results obtained up to the 3rd project year will be presented. © 2016 The Authors.
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37.
  • Bergh, Torsten, et al. (författare)
  • 2+1-roads Recent Swedish Capacity and Level-of-Service Experience
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier. - 2352-1465. ; 15, s. 331-345, s. 331-345
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The first Swedish 2+1 median barrier road was opened in 1998. The concept was to retrofit the standard existing two-lane 13 m paved width cross-section at 90 and 110 kph posted speed limit without widening. This design has one continuous lane in each direction, a middle lane changing direction every one to three kilometres with a median barrier separating the two traffic directions. Today over 2 700 km 2+1 median barrier roads are opened for traffic. AADT’s vary from some 3 000 to 20 000 with an average just below 10 000 nowadays normally with 100 kph.The concept has lately been enhanced also to cover the existing 9 m paved width cross-section. The design concept is the same from a driver’s viewpoint, one continuous lane in each direction with a middle lane changing direction and a separating median barrier. This is created by introducing a continuous median barrier and adding overtaking lanes within an overtaking strategy. The differences are the existence of 1+1-sections, less overtaking opportunities and a slightly more narrow cross-section. Some 15 projects are opened. The purpose of this paper is to summarize present knowledge on level-of-service issues as they are presented in Swedish design and assessment guidelines and to give an overview of field measurements and theoretical analytical and simulation studies supporting the recommendations.
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38.
  • Bergh, Torsten, et al. (författare)
  • Capacity Issues in Sweden - Applications and Research
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465. ; , s. 36-50, s. 36-50
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper gives an overview of the Swedish trunk road system and present objectives, guidelines concerning capacity and level of service procedures to assess these issues in the feasibility and design procedure are also described.An important goal in Sweden is investments and speed limit changes over a 10 year time scale to decrease the C02-exposure. The long term speed limit overview with the objective to require median barriers at speed limits over 80 kph with results so far is presented. By now over 50 % of the former traffic load over 80 kph is decreased to 80 kph. Some 2,700 km have been retrofitted to 2+1 median barrier roads with speed limit mainly 100 kph.An overview is also given of the updated Swedish Highway Capacity Manual with new chapters especially on jam densities, entry lanes, weaving areas and traffic signals. Some interesting research projects are also briefly covered. These are 2+1 median barrier roads, capacities at motorway work zones, speed harmonisation with variable speed limits on motorways to increase capacity, ramp metering and Drive Me (autonomous driving full scale tests).
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39.
  • Browne, Michael, et al. (författare)
  • Business Improvement Districts in Urban Freight Sustainability Initiatives: A Case Study
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia, volume 12, 2016, pages 450-460. - : Elsevier. - 2352-1465.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The paper extends research into the importance of freight transport partnerships by considering the role of Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) in supporting sustainable urban freight initiatives. A review of the freight transport-related work that has been carried out in BIDs in central London is included. A detailed case study of a freight project in the Baker Street Quarter (BSQ) Partnership provides insight into work carried out in the multi-tenanted office and hotel sectors. The findings of this research in terms of freight transport and logistics activity patterns at the businesses studied together with the potential freight transport solutions identified are discussed.
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40.
  • Caggiani, Leonardo, et al. (författare)
  • An approach to modeling bike-sharing systems based on spatial equity concept
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465. ; , s. 185-192
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Efficient and sustainable mobility is becoming a need for emerging metropolitan areas, essential to grant their attractiveness, quality of life and economic power. Among the possible strategies to adopt, shared mobility systems have proven to be a valuable alternative to accommodate the mobility needs of citizens ensuring at the same time sustainability and transport flexibility. In particular, this paper focuses on bike-sharing systems. Despite many studies have recognized the importance of planning processes supported by equity principles, only a few have integrated spatial equity concepts in the planning of a bike-sharing system. With this research, we want to propose an original model to determine the number and layout of bike stations, as well as the number of bicycles and racks for each of them. The suggested approach aims at minimizing the costs associated with the system implementation and operation while balancing the level of service for all the users over the territory. A set of illustrative examples and a sensitivity analysis are provided.
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41.
  • Caggiani, Leonardo, et al. (författare)
  • An urban bikeway network design model for inclusive and equitable transport policies
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465. ; 37, s. 59-66
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study suggests an optimization framework to plan and design a network of bike lanes in an urban context, based on equity principles and subject to a given available budget. The novelty of the proposal consists in an objective function that aims at minimizing the existing inequities among different population groups in terms of accessibility/opportunity to the bikeways. The proposed methodology represents a reliable decision support system tool that could help transport authorities/managers to select the priority areas of their future investments related to the cycling infrastructures. To prove the effectiveness and value of the methodology, an application with relevant analysis to a test case study is presented.
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42.
  • Campisi, T., et al. (författare)
  • Perceived Pedestrian Level of Service : The case of Thessaloniki, Greece
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465. ; , s. 124-131
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Level of Service (LOS) is one of the most crucial components for the assessment of pedestrian facilities by mainly concerning the effective width as well as pedestrians’ flows. However, current research reveals that qualitative characteristics can also contribute to LOS estimation as perceived by pedestrians. Specifically, socio-demographic characteristics (i.e., age, gender) as well as characteristics related with perceived comfort and safety can be related with perceived LOS. A Revealed Preference (RP) face to face questionnaire-based survey (including 301 interviewees) was realized during October 2019 at a central pedestrian facility in the city of Thessaloniki, Greece. RP questionnaire survey assisted in gaining valuable knowledge concerning the factors that mainly affect pedestrians’ perceived LOS across the pedestrian facility. The examined pedestrian facility is one of the most important in Thessaloniki since it facilitates high pedestrian flows within the city center daily. The present survey considered pedestrians’ general mobility characteristics such as walking frequency along the facility and trip purpose. Additionally, the evaluation of the greater facility’ area in terms of land use attractiveness, comfort, personal and road safety, public transport, parking conditions and traffic delays, accessibility, pedestrians and bicycles were concerned as well. Ordinal regression was the main tool for the development of the ordinal regression model, and therefore, for the conclusions’ drawing of the present research. The findings regarding perceived LOS can pave the way towards the design of sustainable policy concerning pedestrian facilities as well as the encouragement of active transport in urban areas.
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43.
  • Campisi, Tiziana, et al. (författare)
  • The impact of COVID-19 is not gender neutral : regional scale changes in modal choices in Sicily
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: AIIT 3rd International Conference on Transport Infrastructure and Systems,TIS ROMA 2022. - : Elsevier BV. ; , s. 584-591
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Gender equality is a fundamental human right and is part of one of the goals of the 2030 Agenda (Goal 5), which promotes a more equitable and sustainable way of life. A gender imbalance still exists in the transport sector. Over the years, the reasons why women travel have changed, as have their modal preferences, thanks to the introduction of concessions (pink parking, pregnant seats) but also thanks to the introduction of new forms of mobility and multimodality. However, several works in the literature point out that women's journeys are in many cases more difficult than those of men because there are several factors that influence this imbalance. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to a widening this gap. Through the administration of an online questionnaire, it was possible to find data regarding socio-demographic characteristics, travel habits and finally to analyze the main problems and feelings (feeling of safety on board, perception of a possible contagion and overall evaluation of gender equity both as passengers and as drivers of vehicles) related to the different modes of transport present in the Sicilian context. A statistical comparison of the results was defined considering the different pandemic phases from January 2020 to December 2021. The results show the basis for a better mobility planning starting from the resolution of the COVID-19 crisis that represents an opportunity to change the status quo.
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44.
  • Chengxi, Liu, 1987-, et al. (författare)
  • Jointly modelling individual’s daily activity-travel time use andmode share by a nested multivariate Tobit model system
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier. - 2352-1465. ; , s. 71-89
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Understanding mechanisms underlie the individual’s daily time allocations is very important to understand the variability ofindividual’s time-space constraints and to forecast his/her daily activity participation. At most of previous studies, activity timeallocation was viewed as allocating a continuous quantity (daily time budget) into multiple discrete alternatives (i.e. variousactivities and trips to engage with). However, few researches considered the influence of travel time that needs to be spent onreaching the activity location. Moreover, travel time itself is influenced by individuals’ mode choice. This can lead to an over- orunder-estimation of particular activity time location. In order to explicitly include the individual’s travel time and mode choiceconsiderations in activity time allocation modelling, in this study, a nested multivariate Tobit model is proposed. This proposedmodel can handle: 1. Corner solution problem (i.e. the present of substantial amount of zero observations); 2. Time allocationtrade-offs among different types of activities (which tends to be ignored in previous studies); 3. Travel is treated as a deriveddemand of activity participation (i.e. travel time and mode share are automatically censored, and are not estimated, ifcorresponding activity duration is censored). The model is applied on a combined dataset of Swedish national travel survey(NTS) and SMHI (Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute) weather record. Individuals’ work and non-work activitydurations, travel time and mode shares are jointly modelled as dependent variables. The influences of time-locationcharacteristics, individual and household socio demographics and weather characteristics on each dependent variable areexamined. The estimation results show a strong work and non-work activity time trade-offs due to the individual’s time-spaceconstraints. Evidences on a potential positive utility of travel time added on non-work activity time allocation in the Swedish case,are also found. Meanwhile, the results also show a consistent mode choice preference for a given individual. The estimatednested multivariate Tobit model provides a superior prediction, in terms of the deviation of the predicted value against the actualvalue conditional on the correct prediction regarding censored and non-censored, compared to mutually independent Tobitmodels. However, the nested multivariate Tobit model does not necessarily have a better prediction for model componentsregarding non-work related activities.
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45.
  • Engholm, Albin, 1991-, et al. (författare)
  • The emerging technological innovation system of driverless trucks
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465. ; , s. 145-149
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Driving automation technology is attractive for the road freight transport sector since driverless trucks (DL-trucks) may drastically reduce driver costs, increase truck utilization and improve road safety. Although DL-trucks may bring significant impacts to the transport system, research on the future diffusion and impacts of DL-trucks is scarce compared to passenger transport. In this paper the sociotechnical innovation system developing, diffusing and utilizing DL-trucks in Sweden is analyzed based on the technological innovation systems (TIS) framework. The analysis is based on 20 expert interviews with a total of 23 representatives from 16 actors in the DL-truck TIS in Sweden. The TIS analysis shows that there are significant uncertainties in the timeline, operational capabilities, infrastructure requirements and regulative landscape for a widespread DL-truck deployment. There is a general view among the interviewees that DL-trucks is an important opportunity for Swedish industry and the economy. From a transport system perspective, DL-trucks are expected to bring sustainability benefits but it remains uncertain whether these benefits will be realized and what the negative side effects might be. The development of DL-trucks is heavily influenced by incumbent firms in the truck manufacturing industry but new actors from the telecom sector, energy sector and emerging truck technology companies are entering the area and shaping the development. The current relatively rigid institutions for truck manufacturing and road freight transport will require significant alignment to adapt to DL-truck operations in areas such as laws and regulations, business models and operational practices. The value chain of road freight transport may be disrupted as some of the current key actors, for instance traditional road carriers, could become less relevant in future DL-truck value chains. A critical uncertainty is how and by which actors the setting of requirements, deployment and financing of digital infrastructure for DL-trucks will be done.
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46.
  • Gestrelius, Sara, et al. (författare)
  • A MILP-based heuristic for a commercial train timetabling problem
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Transp. Res. Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. ; , s. 569-576, s. 569-576
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Using mathematical methods to support the yearly timetable planning process has many advantages. Unfortunately, the train timetabling problem for large geographical areas and many trains is intractable for optimization models alone. In this paper, we therefore present a MILP-based heuristic that has been designed to generate good-enough timetables for large geographical areas and many trains. In the incremental fix and release heuristic (IFRH), trains are added to the timetable in batches. For each batch of trains, a reduced timetable problem is solved using a mathematical integer program and CPLEX. Based on the solution, the binary variables defining meeting locations and stops are fixed, and the next batch of trains is added to the timetable. If previously fixed variables make the problem infeasible, a recovery algorithm iteratively releases fixed variables to regain feasibility. The paper also introduces a simple improvement heuristic (IH) that uses the same idea of working with batches of trains. The heuristics are tested on a real case-study from Sweden consisting of both small problem instances (approximately 300 trains and 1400 possible interactions) and large problem instances (approximately 600 trains and 5500 possible interactions). IFRH returns a feasible timetable within 30 minutes for all problem instances, and after running IH the optimality gaps are less than 5%. Meanwhile, if CPLEX is used without the heuristic framework to solve the total optimization problem, a feasible timetable is not returned within 2 hours for the large problem instances. © 2017 The Authors.
  •  
47.
  • Hajinasab, Banafsheh, et al. (författare)
  • On the use of on-line services in transport simulation
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier. - 2352-1465. ; 21, s. 208-215
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this paper, we introduce a new approach for collecting data for transport simulation models that is using on-line services in order to outsource parts of the modeling and computation of simulation models. We describe our approach of using on-line services as part of a simulation model and we present our experiences of applying the approach to a case study using the ASIMUT model, where the travelers between two neighbour cities in Southern Sweden are modeled. The results from our case study shows that the use of on-line services for data collection in transport simulation can bring advantages to the simulation model, for example, in terms of reduced needs for modeling of the transport system as well as computation inside the simulation model and improved access to the most recent information. We also noticed some limitations, such as the inability to access to information regarding the future such as timetables and no control over data provided by third-party services. However, we argue that there are solutions for each of the identified limitations, and therefore we believe that the suggested approach might provide a unique opportunity for future transportation simulation models.
  •  
48.
  • Hasselgren, Björn, 1962-, et al. (författare)
  • Challenges for Transportation Planning and Organization in the Stockholm Region
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier. - 2352-1465. ; 14, s. 538-546
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The current model for regional infrastructure and urban planning in the Stockholm Region emerged over the early post-war decades. It is a model that proved to be inadequate already early on. That the model does not work is partly due to the conditions for regional planning over the past half century being fundamentally altered in several important respects. There is a need to search for new alternatives for how to organize and fund the regional community planning and the vital infrastructure systems in Stockholm. A discussion of these issues needs to address both the level that is to apply for the organization, from the local level to the regional/central level, and how funding should be solved, with taxes or fees. Four different models for the future organization are discussed in the article. They are not mutually exclusive but demonstrate how different developmental pathways can be pragmatically combined in order to create a regional governance model that is suited for future challenges rather than for since long-gone social conditions.
  •  
49.
  • Henriksson, Malin, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • All Change or Business as Usual? : the Discursive Framing of Digitalized Smart Accessibility in Sweden
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465. ; , s. 625-636
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In recent years, ideas related to digitalization have gained significance on the contemporary transport policy agenda. Based on discourse analysis of the digitalization agenda in Swedish transport policy, this paper investigates the ongoing formative phase of the emerging policy and planning area of digitalization and smart mobility. It examines and critically discusses the current discursive framing of digitalization in current transport policy and planning, and considers perspectives and meanings related to "smart" mobility and accessibility that are being established in strategic plans and policies for the Swedish transport sector. The empirical focus is on transport strategies and official reports developed at national level. The main findings indicate that digitalization is being framed as a rapid, unstoppable transformation process, which will lead to a range of positive outcomes such as reduced climate emissions, less congestion, improved accessibility, and a smoother and more resource-efficient transport system. According to the ideas and assumptions promoted in the current discourse, this transformation can only occur through stronger involvement of business enterprises. This governing strategy, or lack of governing strategy, makes it unclear how transport policy objectives are balanced against market and innovation interests. It also risks delegating the transition to sustainable mobility to less formalized and less transparent policy arenas that operate in parallel to, and partly outside, established planning and strategy-making processes.
  •  
50.
  • Holmgren, Johan, et al. (författare)
  • Mode choice in home-to-work travel in mid-size towns : The competitiveness of public transport when bicycling and walking are viable options
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2352-1465.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • It is widely recognized that the transport system contributes significantly to current environmental problems such as global warming, as well as to health issues caused by emissions and lack of exercise. For the transport system to contribute to sustainable development, the link between economic growth and growth in motorized transport must be broken. Since high population densities and shorter distances provide greater potential for efficient public transport as well as for walking and biking, the highest potential for change is in urban areas. As a large proportion of urban travel consists of home-to-work travel, such travel will be our focus in this paper. More specifically, this paper aims to analyze the factors that determine mode choice in situations where bicycle and walking are competitive options and to contribute to the knowledge of the conditions under which public transport can be a competitive alternative to the private car. The results of this study could be used to devise policies for reducing car dependency in urban areas. The results show that even if it is possible to attract new passengers to public transport through changes in the public transport system (i.e., reduced fares or reduced travel time) few of these new passengers will be shifting from private car use. To achieve a shift from private car to walking, bicycling or bus riding, such policies must be combined with restrictions (and/or cost increases) on car use.
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