| 1. |
- Adamie, Birhanu Addisu, et al.
(författare)
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Dairy cow welfare measures: Can production economic data help?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-5509. ; 32, s. 296-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a dataset from dairy farms in Germany that combines two types of welfare measures, namely welfare quality protocol (WQP) measures and production economic and herd-management data, this study aims to validate the use of production economic and herd-management data to proxy dairy cow welfare measures. The paper implements two multivariate estimation approaches of Seemingly Unrelated Estimation and Canonical Correlation Analysis. Data from on-farm animal welfare assessments based on WQP require time intensive collection and are typically unavailable for research based on large-scale panel datasets. On the other hand, survey data on production economic and herd management are available for such analysis, especially in European countries, but their informational value regarding animal welfare is debated. In this paper, we were able to establish relationships between the four WQP principles (feed, health, housing, behaviour) and variables from production economics and herd-management data. We find that concentrated feed, building costs, cell counts, milk fat content, calving intervals, and age at calving have strong links to the different principles of the WQP measures. In conclusion, our findings support the use of already existing and routinely collected production economic and herd-management data from dairy cows to enable an analysis of farm animal welfare on a larger scale using panel data. (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Institution of Chemical Engineers. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 2. |
- Aguilar, Mónica García, et al.
(författare)
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Governance challenges and opportunities for implementing resource recovery from organic waste streams in urban areas of Latin America: insights from Chía, Colombia
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier. - 2352-5509. ; 30, s. 53-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Across the globe, there is increasing interest in implementing circular approaches to urban sanitation and waste management to mitigate environmental challenges and promote sustainable business opportunities. In Latin America where 80% of the population live in urban areas, there is limited investigation into the enabling factors and governance barriers that are critical to implementing circular economy strategies in urban areas. This paper aims at assessing the governance capacity to implement resource recovery from organic waste streams in the municipality of Chía, Colombia, through applying the Governance Capacity Framework in a participatory process with local stakeholders. The findings highlight the importance of local initiatives for resource recovery that allow experimentation, raise awareness and foster collaboration, as well as mechanisms available for public participation in decision-making processes as enabling factors. Meanwhile, the inadequate monitoring and assessment of environmental strategies and policies, inadequate sharing of information among stakeholders and the relative low awareness of potential benefits of recovering resources from organic waste streams, especially among public sector actors, emerge as key barriers. Beyond Chía, the results provide insights on crucial factors for ensuring sufficient governance capacity in other urban areas in low- and middle-income countries which are considering circular approaches to urban sanitation and waste management. The findings also provide an empirical basis to advance the understanding of the governance conditions necessary for implementing resource recovery from organic waste streams, upon which further applications of the governance capacity framework along with participatory aspects in other similar urban contexts could build.
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| 3. |
- Ahmad, Naveed, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between corporate social responsibility at the micro-level and environmental performance : The mediating role of employee pro-environmental behavior and the moderating role of gender
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-5509. ; 27, s. 1138-1148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since Pakistan is vulnerable to changing climatic conditions, the country needs emergency measures at every level to mitigate their effect. Many studies have addressed Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) at the macro or institutional level, but its effect at the micro-level is largely ignored in the contemporary literature. The present study aims at filling this gap by highlighting the role of micro-level CSR on Environmental Performance (ENP) and how it is influenced by employees’ pro-environmental (PEB) behavior and gender. This study has been carried out in the context of deteriorating environmental conditions, scarce CSR activities and a male dominant society. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire targeting the manufacturing and the service sectors of Pakistan and analyzed through the structural equation modeling technique, using AMOS and SPSS software. The results of this study confirm that micro-level CSR initiatives directly (β = 0.39⁎⁎) and indirectly (β = 0.031⁎⁎) influence the environmental performance of an organization by means of employees’ PEB. A conditional indirect gender effect on this interaction was also observed, with women (β =0.17⁎⁎) exerting a stronger effect than men (β = 0.031⁎⁎). These findings may be helpful for policymakers involved in environmental management: It is possible to reduce the environmental footprint of Pakistan's organizations by encouraging employee's PEB and particularly by actively involving women which are systematically set apart from decision making in Pakistan.
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| 4. |
- Ananno, Anan Ashrabi, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable food waste management model for Bangladesh
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : ELSEVIER. - 2352-5509. ; 27, s. 35-51
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excessive food waste (nearly 1.3 billion tons per annum) has exacerbated the world hunger crisis. This comprehensive review focuses on the food waste scenario, adverse effects, food waste management, existing waste management policies, and regulations in Bangladesh. Municipalities and urban centers generate 3.78 million tons of waste each year (15.96% of total food waste). This study utilized the national database to analyze food waste generation and projected growth by the year 2050. Yearly an estimated 17215.2 thousand acres of land and a significant amount of natural resources (water, energy) are being used to produce 23691.15 thousand tons of wasted food (45% of total food production). This study critically analyzed the waste management policy gap of Bangladesh and clearly identified each stage of the food loss production supply chain. The study assessed that yearly 481.6 MW energy could be generated from food waste. Focusing on effective policy and sustainability, a national food waste management model has been proposed for Bangladesh in compliance with sustainable development goals 12.3.1 global food loss. Food accumulates 16.7% to 20% of the world economy; therefore, any measures taken to reduce the food waste will be economically beneficial and environmentally sustainable. (C) 2020 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Fredrik N G
(författare)
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Effects on the manufacturing, utility and construction industries of decarbonization of the energy-intensive and natural resource-based industries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-5509. ; 21, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decarbonizing the energy-intensive and natural resource-based industries is possible but may sub-stantially increase the cost of production. Whether such cost increases will reduce economic welfare depends on how the downstream industries respond to the higher cost for intermediate goods. In this paper, we explore how downstream industries in the EU15 responded to upstream carbon technology shocks and prices shocks during the period 1998–2014. Our results show that downstream industries do not respond to technology shocks directly but that they do respond to price shocks. A 5 percent upstream price increase is followed by a 4 percent increase in capital investments, 3 percent increase in productivity and a 4 percent reduction in the carbon intensity among manufacturing industries. The utilities and construction industries respond primarily by increasing prices and reducing wages. Prices increase by approximately by 1 percent and real wages fall by approximately 2 percent following a five percent upstream price increase.
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| 6. |
- Bagheri, Marzieh, et al.
(författare)
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Economic feasibility and direct greenhouse gas emissions from different phosphorus recovery methods in Swedish wastewater treatment plants
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier. - 2352-5509. ; 49, s. 462-473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phosphorus (P) is a finite, non-renewable resource that is a critical component of fertilizers; therefore, recovering P from municipal wastewater can provide an alternative sustainable source of this nutrient. This work analyses economic impacts and greenhouse gas emissions of P recovery in Swedish municipal wastewater treatment plants. The study examines different scenarios, including P recovery technologies in individual plants and hubs, and considers various P-rich streams (supernatant, sludge, and ash) in plants, different plant sizes, and multiple sludge management strategies such as land application, incineration, and hydrochar production, under current market conditions. The goal is to identify and offer solutions tailored to local conditions, addressing both technical opportunities and strategies to reduce costs.The results show varying recovery rates: 5 % from supernatant, 36–65 % from sludge, and 17 % from sludge ash relative to total P in wastewater. Despite technical feasibility, P recovery costs are not covered at current market prices of P, indicating a lack of financial incentive, especially for smaller treatment plants. The least expensive recovery method costs about 7 k€/t P for ash, compared to 30–187 k€/t P for supernatant, however with the latter coming with the co-benefit of mitigated greenhouse gas emissions. The emissions from studied plants range from 84 to 123 kt CO2 eq (CO2 equivalent) for supernatant, 94–141 kt CO2 eq for sludge, and 75–102 kt CO2 eq for ash among different P recovery methods. Comparatively, P recovery methods from supernatant showed the lowest emissions, while the lower emissions range for ash is due to the consideration of fewer plants. Developing hub networks and converting sludge into products like hydrochar are crucial for attracting investments, enhancing P recovery, and leveraging economies of scale. Results highlight the urgency for localized strategies and proactive policy interventions to reconcile economic and environmental objectives in P recycling. Furthermore, P recovery from wastewater treatment plants, although more resource-intensive than mineral fertilizer, promotes circularity in the food chain and mitigates the risk of eutrophication.
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| 7. |
- Bartek, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle assessment of fish oil substitute produced by microalgae using food waste
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-5509. ; 27, s. 2002-2021
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fish oil has been used in conventional aquaculture for decades, despite the known links between increasing global demand for fish and depletion of natural resources and vital ecosystems (FAO, 2020, 2019). Alternative feed ingredients, including algae oil rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has therefore been increasingly used to substitute traditional fish oil. Heterotrophic algae cultivation in bioreactors can be supported by a primary carbon feedstock recovered from food waste, a solution that could reduce environmental impacts and support the transition towards circular food systems. This study used life cycle assessment to quantify environmental impact of DHA produced by the heterotrophic algae Crypthecodinium cohnii, using short-chain carboxylic acids derived from dark fermentation of food waste. The future potential of DHA from algae was evaluated by comparing the environmental impact to that of DHA from Peruvian anchovy oil. With respect to global warming, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication and land use, algae oil inferred -52 ton CO2eq, 3.5 ton SO2eq, -94 kg Peq, 2700 m2 eq, respectively per ton DHA. In comparison, the impact per ton DHA from fish oil was -15 ton CO2eq, 3.9 ton SO2eq, -97 kg Peq and 3200 m2 eq. Furthermore, algae oil showed lower climate impact compared to canola and linseed oil. By including Ecosystem damage as indicator for ecosystem quality at endpoint level, the important aspect of biodiversity impact was accounted for. Although the method primarily accounts for indirect effects on biodiversity, DHA from algae oil showed lower Ecosystem damage compared to fish oil even when future energy development, optimized production, increased energy demand and effects on biotic resources were considered via sensitivity analyses. As the results suggest, algae oil holds a promising potential for increased sustainability within aquaculture, provided that continued development and optimization of this emerging technology is enabled through active decision-making and purposeful investments.
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| 8. |
- Bocken, Nancy M.P., et al.
(författare)
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Circular business models for the fastmoving consumer goods industry : Desirability, feasibility, and viability
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-5509. ; 30, s. 799-814
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCGs) are products that have a short useful lifetime and are typically designed for single or limited uses followed by disposal. The disposable nature of FMCGs combined with ineffective waste recovery systems is causing global environmental problems. Various reusable packaging business models have emerged to tackle these problems; however, their influence is still low in practice. Testing the feasibility, desirability, and viability of innovative circular business models enables their implementation and scaling. In this context, this study explores the success factors, drivers, and barriers of an FMCGs reuse business model. The case company is an internationally scaling company pursuing a potentially disruptive circular business model. A mixed methods approach is used, involving semi-structured interviews with innovators on two variations of the FMCG reuse business model (in-store and e-commerce) followed by a consumer survey in the city of Berlin to test perceptions of these business models. Five success factors were identified: brand and retailer partnerships, consumer participation, operations efficiency, business model profitability, and the establishment of an ecosystem. The main driver for consumers to participate in the circular business model is the potential positive environmental impact, although there were concerns about added environmental impact related to logistics in the e-commerce model. In addition, convenience and accessibility of the reuse model are important for consumers. Costs are identified as a predominant barrier for companies to engage in reusability. Based on the research findings, recommendations for expanding FMCG reuse business models are developed.
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| 9. |
- Boyer, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Product Labels for the Circular Economy : Are Customers Willing to Pay for Circular?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2352-5509. ; 27, s. 61-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While existing research has probed consumer responses to products of different recirculation pathways (recycling, reuse, refurbishment, etc), little work has examined consumer responses to an explicit “circular economy” product label or how willingness to pay is influenced by a continuum of circularity levels. This paper reports on the results of an online survey experiment that tests whether customers are willing to pay more for products with a theoretical multi-level Circular Economy score. Conjoint analysis was used on 800 respondents in the United Kingdom to test their willingness to pay for mobile phones and robot vacuum cleaners at different levels of circularity alongside other product attribute combinations. Results indicate that the average customer almost always prefers a more “circular” product when compared to products with otherwise identical attributes, and that customers are consistently willing to pay more for products with low or moderate levels of circular content. However, analysis suggests that willingness to pay more for products disappears, and in some cases declines, as the proportion of recirculated content increases. Results offer evidence that applying a numerical circular economy label at low levels of recirculated content could be a profitable strategy for producers of mobile phones and robot vacuum cleaners. Such a strategy is less certain for heavily refurbished products, fully reused products, or other product types. © 2020 The Authors
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| 10. |
- Böckin, Daniel, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Business model life cycle assessment: A method for analysing the environmental performance of business
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier. - 2352-5509. ; 32, s. 112-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces business model life cycle assessment (BM-LCA), a new method for quantifying the environmental impacts of business models. Such a method is needed to guide business decisions towards decoupling economic activity from environmental impact. BM-LCA takes the business model itself as the unit of analysis and its economic performance as the basis of comparison. It can be applied to any type of business model involving material or resource use. In BM-LCA, monetary flows are coupled to material and energy flows. The methodology expands on conventional life cycle assessment (LCA) by elaborating the goal and scope definition and dividing it into two phases. The first descriptive phase details the business models to be compared. It includes a mapping of product chain actors and identifying business operations and transactions related to the product. The second coupling phase defines a profit-based functional unit and sets up the coupling equations expressing the economic relations to the product. Thereafter, conventional LCA procedures are followed to assess environmental impacts. The key innovation on LCA methodology is the development of a functional unit that captures the economic performance of a business model and links it to a product system. BM-LCA provides thus an important link between LCA and business competitive advantage.
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| 11. |
- Cardoso Chrispim, Mariana, Postdoktor, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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The underrepresented key elements of Circular Economy : A critical review of assessment tools and a guide for action
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 2352-5509. ; 35, s. 539-558
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The measurement of progress towards Circular Economy (CE) within a company is crucial for identifying opportunities and designing circular practices. However, most of the existing tools do not consider the systemic view and principles of CE. The aim of this paper is to assess the contributions and limitations of CE assessment tools regarding the key elements: social dimension, stakeholder engagement, R-imperatives and industrial symbiosis. Also, the aim is to offer guidance for improvements towards a CE transition. The methodology was an integrative literature review; then based on the critical assessment of tools a guide was created. Thirty-eight tools were thoroughly analysed and our results show that there is a limited number of multidisciplinary tools (only 10), that is including all CE key elements, and in some cases partly. Social dimension is not fully explored; only 6 tools have indicators related to society, local community, customers, and workers. Recommendations for future tools development include to offer training for possible users of the tools and to develop tools for the service sector. Finally, we conclude that all the key elements of CE are interconnected. The proposed guide-ACTION (Assessing Circular Transition In Organisations Now)- includes the key elements, databases, tools, and indicators, and is aligned with the CE principles to help the assessment. © 2022 The Author(s)
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| 12. |
- Chen, Xiaoxia, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Enabling the twin transitions : Digital technologies support environmental sustainability through lean principles
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2352-5509. ; 38, s. 13-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manufacturing companies seek innovative approaches to achieve successful Green and Digital transitions, where adopting lean production is one alternative. However, further investigation is required to formulate the strategy with practical inputs and identify what digital technologies could be applied with which lean principles for environmental benefits. Therefore, this study first conducted a case study in three companies to collect practice-based data. A complementary literature review was then carried out, investigating the existing frameworks and complementing practices of digitalized lean implementations and the resulting environmental impact. Consequently, the Internet of Things and related connection-level technologies were identified as the key facilitators in lean implementations, specifically in visualization, communication, and poka-yoke, leading to environmental benefits. Furthermore, a framework of DIgitalization Supports Environmental sustainability through Lean principles (DISEL) was proposed to help manufacturing companies identify the opportunities of digitalizing lean principles for Environmental sustainability, thus enabling the twin transitions and being resilient. © 2023 The Authors
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| 13. |
- Chirumalla, Koteshwar, Associate Professor, et al.
(författare)
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Second life use of Li-ion batteries in the heavy-duty vehicle industry : Feasibilities of remanufacturing, repurposing, and reusing approaches
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2352-5509. ; 42, s. 351-366
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) accelerates, the efficient management of end-of-life lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries becomes a pressing concern. This case study investigates sustainable second life approaches for Li-ion batteries within a leading manufacturing company in the heavy-duty vehicle industry. Employing an exploratory methodology, the study evaluates three distinct circularity approaches for second life applications: remanufacturing, repurposing, and reusing. Based on a financial model and sustainability metrics, remanufacturing emerged as the most economically viable and environmentally sustainable strategy for the company. The study also explores supplementary approaches, such as repurposing used batteries for smaller power applications and reusing them in large-scale Energy Storage Systems (ESS). Regulatory inconsistencies in battery second life are identified as a significant barrier to widespread implementation. The study concludes by advocating for a multi-stakeholder ecosystem approach and calls for the establishment of universal circularity regulations to streamline the second life of Li-ion batteries.
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| 14. |
- Curtis, Steven Kane
(författare)
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Business model patterns in the sharing economy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-5509. ; 27, s. 1650-1671
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sharing platforms struggle to remain financially viable and preserve their prosocial and environmental aspirations; therefore, effort to empirically study successful sharing economy business models (SEBMs) is needed. The aim of this research is to identify business model patterns among existing SEBMs in order to suggest business model attributes that support successful implementation. Patterns describe one or several recurring business model attributes observed among existing business models. This study investigates 63 SEBMs across 93 different configuration options. The k-medoids clustering approach was used to identify configuration options recurring repeatedly across the data. The empirical results were triangulated with existing business model patterns from literature. The study presents a framework to describe and analyse SEBMs; eight prototypical patterns, with a corresponding list of relevant business model attributes; and six solution patterns unique to the sharing economy. The patterns – as well as insights across locations, shared practices, and platform types – advance knowledge on the sharing economy. Furthermore, these patterns support sharing platforms to communicate, learn, and experiment, ideally supporting successful implementation of SEBMs.
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| 15. |
- Das, Ankita, et al.
(författare)
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Regenerative business strategies : A database and typology to inspire business experimentation towards sustainability
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - 2352-5509. ; 49, s. 529-544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a time marked by growing environmental and societal challenges, where multiple planetary boundaries are being crossed, the way we conduct business practices needs to be rethought. Regenerative business models offer a path towards a more responsible future by incorporating strategies that go beyond net zero and focus on actively restoring the natural and social systems they operate in, creating a more holistic net positive impact. To date, much of the research on this topic is conceptual and there is a need for more empirical insights on how regenerative strategies can be implemented. This study uses purposive sampling to conduct a comprehensive practice review of 84 regenerative business cases from 15 sectors, to build the novel Regenerative Business Case Database. A typology of six archetypal regenerative business strategies was also derived, including: (1) regenerative leadership, (2) nature regeneration, (3) social regeneration, (4) responsible sourcing, (5) human health & wellbeing focus, and (6) employee level focus. The predominant sectors with regenerative innovations were food, consumer goods and fashion. Many companies were found to be employing multiple strategies concurrently, while collaborating with local organisations. While some may argue that regenerative business strategies cannot be successful in a competitive market, the results contain examples of stable businesses pursuing regenerative strategies dating back to the 1870's. The aim of this study was to build a database and typology of successful regenerative business cases and strategies that can serve as inspiration for further business model experimentation. Future research could explore how innovations towards such business models develop, and what regulatory frameworks allow them to flourish.
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| 16. |
- Ddiba, Daniel Isaac Waya, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainability assessment of increased circularity of urban organic waste streams
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-5509. ; 34, s. 114-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The circular economy, from an urban organic waste perspective, is seen as an approach to deal with increasing waste streams, while contributing to meeting the increasing demand for water, energy, food and other resources in urban areas. However, there is need for a systematic assessment of the broader environmental and social ben-efits and trade-offs of resource recovery from organic waste streams. This paper presents a framework for assessing the societal impacts of increased circularity in terms of resource recovery from organic waste streams at city scale, building on the design of alternative scenarios for future technology systems. The framework was developed based on a literature review of current frameworks in the area, adapting and combining some of their aspects and adding required features to allow for a broad sustainability assessment. It was also informed by stakeholder interviews. The framework was applied to the case of Naivasha, Kenya to illustrate its applicability and usefulness. The outcome of the application in the Naivasha case indicate potential sustainability improve-ments from increased circularity, where resource recovery could lead to a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, more efficient natural resource usage and job creation. It indicated also some risks of negative impacts on the health of workers in resource recovery facilities, and, in this specific case, negative impact on smallholder farmers. The framework proved applicable and useful in the case study, and hence could provide input at early stages of planning even with low availability of data. Thereby it could provide policy-relevant insights towards circular economy implementation approaches that harness the benefits while mitigating any identified potential negative impacts.
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| 17. |
- de Kwant, Colin, et al.
(författare)
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The role of product design in circular business models : an analysis of challenges and opportunities for electric vehicles and white goods
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 2352-5509. ; 27, s. 1728-1742
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pursuing sustainability implies setting a multitude of open-ended goals to address environmental and socioeconomic issues today as well as those for future generations. The circular economy (CE) paradigm appears more focused regarding goals and agency to address environmental issues by using the economic system. However, companies and governments aiming to operationalize CE in practice, it has been claimed, will face six key challenges limiting the CE “net sustainability impact” potential. This work focuses on the challenges for manufacturers to adopt and operationalize CE for their business. The two key levers for manufacturers to navigate on their path from the linear (take-make-dispose) to a sustainable CE are innovating and designing of the business model and of their products. To date, however, understanding the role of product design in developing circular business models has received little attention in research. This review article builds upon the CE literature foundation, including definitions, challenges, and business modeling frameworks needed to better understand the role of product design. Building on the work of several highly cited CE-centric literature reviews and voices in research and industry, we selected and merged complementing frameworks: Slowing-Closing-Narrowing, Circular Design, and the Circular Business Model Innovation framework. To understand how to put these frameworks into practice, we analyzed CE's links with electric vehicle and white goods research and industry perspectives respectively and collectively. The review and analysis of CE and selected industries’ research was supported by a co-occurrence keyword analysis of 5,960 most cited papers in CE as well as the two product categories, electric vehicles and white goods. The analysis indicated limited maturity and linkage of circular business models and role of product design toward a CE in the research literature for the product categories. This result corroborated the knowledge gap and guided our focus in searching for further research and industry clues. We structured the clues of interest that were specific to or common across product categories and industries, using the integrated framework to visualize our Design for X conclusion. The merged framework visualizes how paths toward CE by design and logic of value creation, delivery, and capturing may differ. To conclude, the authors’ own experience and literature examples from relevant industry-leading and start-up companies are used to apply the framework and reveal strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Future research and industry experiments focused on the circular business models based on product service systems and design for CE strategies identified, will be needed to test and extend the framework to other product categories and industry sectors.
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| 18. |
- Dehghani, S., et al.
(författare)
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Towards an integrated system modeling of water scarcity with projected changes in climate and socioeconomic conditions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-5509. ; 33, s. 543-556
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water scarcity is one of the major challenges in semi-arid and arid areas. Drivers for water scarcity include climate change, population growth, economic, and agricultural development. This paper presents a framework for assessing water scarcity under the impact of climate, industry, and socio-economic changes in the Qazvin Plain, Iran. A system dynamics model is developed and calibrated using historical data to evaluate the effects of the projected drivers on water scarcity in 2025–2054. A Bayesian averaging model was used to manage the uncertainty in the GFDL, INM, IPSL, MPI-ESM1-2, and MRI.MRI-ESM2-0 climate projections under the two future SSP126 and SSP585 (shared socioeconomic pathways) scenarios. The results demonstrate that the water scarcity index (with a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 1) is about 0.4 and 0.7 in SSP126 and SSP585, respectively, which may severely affect agricultural development. On the other hand, the industry, domestic, and service sectors are more resilient to these variations with no probable major effects on water scarcity. However, the stress on the agricultural sector may cause migration of the workforce to industry. Policymakers must focus on implementing appropriate adaptation strategies for the agricultural sector to prepare for unpredictable shocks to the system.
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| 19. |
- Diaz, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable product development in a circular economy : Implications for products, actors, decision-making support and lifecycle information management
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-5509. ; 26, s. 1031-1045
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of circular economy (CE) is of great interest for manufacturing companies since it provides a framework which allows them to align organisational objectives with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Corporate CE entails the adoption of several value-retention options (R-strategies) throughout companies' operations, which aim at creating, preserving and recovering the value of assets and products. The sustainable product development (SPD) process, in which around 80% of the total environmental impact of a product is determined, is employed to translate R-strategies into new product requirements. This study is aimed at investigating the implications of R-strategy adoption for decision-making in SPD. The research follows an empirical approach, combining a literature review and in-depth semi-structured interviews with product developers and sustainability experts working in companies operating in the technical material cycles of the CE. Thus, implications for product dimensions, inter- and intraorganisational actors, decision-making support types and lifecycle information flows so that SPD processes further accommodate CE principles into products are investigated. This study reveals new directions to adjust the contextual factors of SPD to further align existing processes with widely expanding CE organisational cultures.
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| 20. |
- Dokter, Giliam, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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How circular is current design practice? Investigating perspectives across industrial design and architecture in the transition towards a circular economy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-5509. ; 26, s. 692-708
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transition to a circular economy (CE) produces a range of new challenges for designers and requires specific knowledge, strategies, and methods. To date, most studies regarding design for a CE have been theoretical and conceptual, hence, limited research has been conducted on the practical implications of designing for a CE. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide a better understanding of how design practitioners interpret and implement the CE concept in practice. To capture the complexity of real-world cases, semi-structured interviews were carried out with design practitioners (N = 12) within the disciplines of architecture and industrial design who have actively worked with circularity in a design agency setting. The results show that the practitioners have diverse perspectives on designing for a CE, relating to (1) the circular design process, (2) the effects of the CE on design agencies, (3) the changing role of the designer, and (4) the external factors affecting circular design in practice. Some differences were identified between the architects and industrial designers, with the industrial designers more strongly focused on circular business models and the architects on the reuse of materials on a building level. In addition, circular strategies and associated (similar) terminologies were understood and applied in fundamentally different ways. As the CE blurs boundaries of scale and disciplines, there is a need for universal design frameworks and language. The CE concept is expanding the scope of the design process and driving the integration of new knowledge fields and skills in the design process. The successful implementation of the CE in practice is based on extensive collaboration with stakeholders and experts throughout all stages of the design process. Design agencies have addressed the CE by establishing dedicated CE research and design teams, facilitating knowledge exchange, developing their own circular strategies and methods, and striving for long-term client relationships that foster the engagement of designers with the lifecycles of designed artefacts rather than perceiving design projects as temporary endeavors. Ultimately, a holistic and integral approach towards design in a CE is needed to ensure that the underlying CE goals of contributing to sustainable development and establishing a systemic shift are ongoingly considered.
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| 21. |
- Dokter, Giliam, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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The role of prototyping and co-creation in circular economy-oriented innovation: A longitudinal case study in the kitchen industry
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - 2352-5509. ; 39, s. 230-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To bridge the gap between the conceptualisation and implementation of circular value propositions, recent research efforts have focused on linking design-driven approaches with circular-oriented innovation. Such approaches can facilitate iterative processes that emphasise co-creation, prototyping, and real-life experimentation, ultimately promoting practical implementation. Still, there is a lack of understanding how companies go through the process of circular-oriented innovation, and how prototyping and co-creation support this process. This article presents a longitudinal case study of a four-year research project in which two academic teams, from Sweden and the Netherlands, collaborated with industrial partners to explore the potential of circular economy principles within the kitchen industry and develop a market-ready circular kitchen. The results indicate that prototyping plays a supportive role in the circular-oriented innovation process by making the concept of a circular economy tangible for stakeholders, facilitating knowledge exchange, and supporting overall developments towards collaborative circular supply chains. However, prototyping too early in the process linked to project deliverables carries a risk for ‘prototype fixation’, fragmented solutions, and missed opportunities for shared value creation. Co-creation was found particularly impactful during the early stages of circular-oriented innovation where it helped guide the project, enabled shared learning, built confidence and commitment amongst stakeholders, and supported the development of solutions tailored to demands of parties involved. The case study provides deeper insights on the role of prototyping and co-creation through diverse stages of the circular-oriented innovation process and extracts several lessons that might aid researchers and practitioners to navigate future circular-oriented innovation endeavours.
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| 22. |
- Ekdahl, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Industrial policy for a circular industrial transition in Sweden: An exploratory analysis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - 2352-5509. ; 47, s. 190-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Currently, both the US and the EU are pursuing industrial policies to support climate mitigation objectives. The climate transition will require increased use of material resources, but the envisioned industrial policies do not sufficiently address resource use, despite the current unsustainable global resource-use trajectory. The lack of industrial policy in this field is therefore relevant and timely to address. This exploratory contribution aims to gain an understanding on how an industrial policy for Circular Economy (CE) transition in Sweden could be designed. The methods employed are literature reviews and interviews with 18 senior experts. The research finds that a Swedish industrial policy focusing on the CE transition is needed, together with larger public investments in CE-related technologies. Few existing policy instruments functioning as industrial policy for CE are identified, but many additional instruments could potentially serve this objective. The interviews provide insights into the specific policy needs, the factors determining policy-design, and the choice of sectors and value chains for policies to target. A relevant policy mix includes policy instruments such as green tax shifting, differentiated Value Added Tax, Circular Public Procurement, funding schemes, but also an improved institutional framework. Policy criteria should be based on environmental impact, but also on potential competitive advantages, and close alignment with European Union policies. The study concludes that a policy mix combining new and expanded industrial policy instruments, focusing on correcting market failures, market creation, and capacity-building, can support a circular industrial transition.
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| 23. |
- Ekener, Elisabeth, 1963-
(författare)
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Social assessment of future scenarios : Developing and testing a new methodology covering consumption-related impacts with a focus on future ICT societies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 2352-5509. ; 17, s. 148-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The social perspectives of sustainability have been historically under-addressed in sustainability assessment methodologies of scenarios. A recent research project - "Scenarios and sustainability impacts of future ICT societies" - explored five society-wide scenarios with an ICT focus for Sweden in 2060. A methodology was developed within the research project to assess the scenarios in terms of impacts on the societal level, as well as consumption-related impacts on the global level. This paper develops and tests a methodology that could be employed in wider scenario-based assessments of future societies that include consumption-related impacts. At the core of the new methodology is the categorization of social aspects under five categories for the national assessment and four for the global assessment. A qualitative assessment is performed for each of the following categories on national level: Participation and Influence in Society, Health Conditions, Equity and Justice, Social Cohesion and Learning and Education. For the global assessment the level of trade and the commitment to sustainable development in the different scenarios was considered. The categories assessed globally are Poverty, Health, Employment and Justice for All. The assessments should be made based on expert knowledge. One result of the application of the methodology was among other, that the most environmentally adapted scenario - Valued Environment - was also the best performing scenario from a social sustainability perspective.
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| 24. |
- Ekman Burgman, Linus, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Should the Sludge Hit the Farm? : – How Chemo-Social Relations Affect Policy Efforts to Circulate Phosphorus in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier. - 2352-5509. ; 27, s. 1488-1497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discerns why the substantial political efforts to increase circulation of nutrients in sewage sludge, and phosphorus in particular, have shown such meager results over the last twenty years in Sweden. We have analyzed stakeholders’ statements of opinions to four government-initiated inquiries, to decipher the chemo-social relations between stakeholders and phosphorus, and how these relations have transformed over time and made a difference in the policy process. In our analysis, we found five different relations: 1) a metabolic, 2) a purity, 3) a nutritional, 4) a marketable, and 5) a geopolitical. These relations connect actors, phosphorus and politics in different ways, and obstruct policymaking by creating tensions between political objectives, values and stakeholder positions. We observe how the extraction of phosphorus as a singular, marketable element to be sold for profit reasons on a global market, is increasingly favored in comparison to local eco-cycling of nutrients between farmers and consumers. We see this as a consequence of that the circular economy as a concept has replaced eco-cycle efforts in the Swedish policy debate. We conclude that if circular economy-initiatives are to be successfully implemented, they need to be informed by the current configuration of material flows that they wish to transform as well as the political implications of their efforts. So far, this has not been the case regarding sewage sludge in Sweden.
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| 25. |
- Ellsworth-Krebs, Katherine, et al.
(författare)
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Feminist LCAs : Finding leverage points for wellbeing within planetary boundaries
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - 2352-5509. ; 39, s. 546-555
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies are valuable tools for identifying high impact processes and redesigning supply chains. However, LCAs have limits, in the sense that they offer insight into relative sustainability and don't question whether a product, or its use, is sustainable in absolute terms. In this intentionally provocative paper, you join Emma, a fictional average American 15-year-old, as she consults an LCA researcher, a sustainable consumption expert and a sociologist to investigate the best way to reduce the environmental impact of her hair removal. This paper presents a streamlined LCA for shaving, waxing and laser and connects this to a socio-material analysis of the history of hair removal in the USA to offer intervention into leverage points beyond Emma's choice of product. Our argument is not that avoiding shaving or waxing or laser is ‘the best’ action an individual could take to lower their environmental impact, instead we highlight how even the smallest activities coalesce into billion-dollar industries globally, with attendant billion tonne emissions. Thus, we utilise some of Danielle Meadows' twelve strategic leverage points to change systems in order to identify other interventions, such as (6) shifting information flows to make LCAs more impactful and accessible; (4) self-organising to normalise hairiness; or (3) changing the goals of the system. For example, valuing wellbeing over profit would arguably lead to regulation preventing medical professionals from marketing painful non-medical procedures. This paper reflects on how individuals make sense of their environmental impact within systems and argues for an increased emphasis on global wellbeing and absolute sustainability.
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| 26. |
- Eriksson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Making food waste illegal in Sweden – Potential gains from enforcing best practice in the public catering sector
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-5509. ; 35, s. 229-237
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Food waste is an inefficiency problem that needs to be reduced significantly to achieve a sustainable food system. Best practices and knowledge are available on how to reduce waste but large volumes of food are still wasted every year, so policies that support or enforce broader implementation of best practices are needed. One policy that could be used to push implementation and successful use of best practices to reduce food waste is the Swedish Environmental Code, which states that all actors must consider every possibility to reduce the amount of waste generated in any facility, unless this is unreasonably expensive. However, there is no clear definition on the actual waste reduction needed to comply with this requirement, so it is not enforced in practice.This study explored the potential gains of applying the Environmental Code, potential benchmarking thresholds for illegal levels of food waste and best voluntary practices that can achieve low levels of food waste. The Environmental Code is applicable to most operator food handling systems, and was assessed here using the Swedish public catering sector as a case. All 290 Swedish municipalities were asked to provide raw data for the study and some agreed, resulting in a dataset covering 458 public catering units serving care homes, schools and preschools. The data were analysed to identify different permissible levels of food waste, while the best canteens provided information on their best practices to keep food waste low.The results showed that with best voluntary practice for each type of catering unit, overall food waste would be reduced by up to 76 %. Best voluntary practices used by the best-performing canteens were identified as: ‘reusing buffet leftovers’, ‘adjusting recipes based on previous consumption’, ‘advising guests to start with small tasting portions’, ‘setting goals for waste reduction’ and ‘serving smaller volumes in buffet containers and refilling more often’. All these actions can realistically be implemented as standard practices by public catering organisations. The present analysis could not confirm that all these actions have actually been implemented, or to what extent, but practical implementation of identified best voluntary practices meeting stated benchmarks is recommended.The Environmental Code is technology-neutral and goal-oriented and participating food business operators are not forced by law or official regulations to introduce resource-saving measures, but this study shows that some measures can lead to a large reduction in food waste. The study does not show whether harsh, i.e. costly, measures can be enforced on businesses, which can only be determined by case law (court practice). However, in the specific cases in this study, measures that could have been enforced based on the Environmental Code would have led to at least 76 % reduction in food waste. This would be a major step towards a sustainable food system.
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| 27. |
- Fu, Hanliang, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding consumers' willingness to pay for circular products : a multiple model-comparison approach
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier. - 2352-5509. ; 45, s. 67-78
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The circular economy involves a shift from the previous linear production to the closed-loop production, leading to potential circular products that can be reused or recycled. Regarding the upcoming circular products, it is essential to understand the consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for circular products beforehand. Previous studies have proposed many common theoretical models to predict consumers' WTP for circular products. Currently, it is more significant to explore the effectiveness of these common theoretical models in this field. This study employed a mixed methods design to systematically review and comparatively analyze common theoretical models in the field of consumers' WTP for circular products. We applied the meta-analytic structural equation modeling to integrate the results of past studies to evaluate the explanatory power and rationality of common theoretical models. The results suggested that the theory of consumption values with an explanatory power R2 of 66.7 % had the most predictive power for consumers' WTP for circular products. There is the strongest positive correlation between personal norms and WTP. The findings have improved the clarity of the theory and the predictiveness and accuracy of common theories in consumers' WTP for circular products.
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| 28. |
- Gao, Si, et al.
(författare)
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Drivers and reduction solutions of food waste in the Chinese food service business
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-5509. ; 26, s. 78-88
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Food waste generated from the food service sector is associated with significant social, ecological and economic impacts. There is lack of knowledge on status quo, drives and solutions for food waste in food service sector despite its importance. In order to understand and identify key issues of food waste and find potential solutions for food waste minimization in food service business, both a questionnaire and a qualitative study were conducted using China as a case country. 228 questionnaires were collected and in a subsequent workshop 51 representatives from 19 enterprises and other organizations joined. The results show that more than half (57%) of the respondents pay no attention to food waste issue, while majority of the respondents (86%) pay attention to regulations and policy on waste issues, suggesting that these instruments would be efficient tools to take actions on reducing food waste. The workshop identified 21 drivers with division of different stages including pre-kitchen (upstream processing, procurement and storage), kitchen and post-kitchen (consumption & communication with consumers), which is then categorized according to the focus (including 13 internal drivers derived from foods service business itself and 8 external factors caused by other parties). 33 possible solutions were proposed for food waste mitigation and reduction, among which 25 were directly for Chinese food service business internal improvement such as food waste management system upgrading, staff capacity raising, innovative actions, more tasteful dishes and adjusted potion size from different angles or for the joint activities by food service business and other relevant stakeholders like consumers interaction, clear communicated procurement standards with upstream suppliers. This paper pinpointed some interesting findings under the Chinese context, such as lacking of food waste measurement, considerable amount of upstream processing waste resulted from combination of unclear standards and buyers’ privilege”, noticeable food waste from central kitchen and decoration/free snacks food waste etc.. This paper has not only identified the current status quo of the Chinese food service business food waste, but also summarized systematically the potential drivers from the business with specific division of different stages and gave out possible solutions, all directly from the staffs’ opinions. The findings would be referential to global food waste issues under similar situation.
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| 29. |
- Ghordoyee Milan, Sami, et al.
(författare)
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Using machine learning to determine acceptable levels of groundwater consumption in Iran
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-5509. ; 35, s. 388-400
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Groundwater footprint index (GFI) is an essential indicator to assess the sustainability of groundwater aquifers. Prediction of future GFI can significantly help managers and decision-makers of groundwater supply to better plan for future resilient consumption of surface and groundwater. In this context, artificial intelligence and machine learning models can aid to predict GFI in view of lacking or uncertain data. We used this technique to predict GFI for 178 Iranian aquifers. To our knowledge, this is the first time that GFI was predicted using machine learning models. Four models, i.e., adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, least-squares support vector regression, random forest, and gene expression programming, were used to predict GFI. Systematic combinations of eight variables, including precipitation, recharge, return water, infiltration from the river to the aquifer, groundwater exploitation, aquifer area, evaporation, and river drainage from the aquifer were used in the form of nine input scenarios for GFI prediction. The results showed that inclusion of all input variables gave the best results for predicting the GFI. Predicted GFIs were generally between 0.5 and 8 with an average of 1.9. A value above 1 indicates that groundwater consumption is not resilient that can adversely affect available groundwater resources in the future. Over-use of groundwater can lead to land subsidence. Especially, aquifers located in Qom, Qazvin, Varamin, and Hamedan provinces of Iran may be affected due to large over-use. Among the four models, least-squares support vector regression resulted in the highest prediction performance. Due to the poor performance of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, the novel Harris hawks optimization algorithm was used to improve the performance of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. The Harris hawks optimization - adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system hybrid model improved the GFI prediction performance. Machine learning methods improve prediction of GFI for aquifers and thus, can be used to better manage groundwater in areas with less reliable data.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Hallstedt, Sophie, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainability Fingerprint - guiding companies in anticipating the sustainability direction in early design
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier. - 2352-5509. ; 37, s. 424-442
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the early phases of design of new products, information necessary to guide and assess sustainability is typically incomplete. Manufacturers risk discovering the unfavorable sustainability impact too late to redirect the development. The purpose of this study is to search and review methods to anticipate the sustainability performance of new products in the early stages of the innovation process, and, together with a case company in the aeroengine manufacturing business, to develop and propose a systematic approach to anticipate sustainability performance. Following a literature review of 51 methods and research-based proposals, only five covered the social-, ecological-, and economic sustainability dimensions in the early phases of product development. Through an action research-based approach, a qualitative sustainability measurement tool, the Sustainability Fingerprint tool, was developed. This tool allows the development team in a company to systematically derive a sustainability performance from a set of criteria unique to the targeted product and/or product portfolio that is to be designed, from a set of scientifically well-established sustainability principles. The tool was applied in six different industry cases at the company, by the design teams and independent of any influence of the researchers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to learn about the usefulness, usability, and applicability of the tool. It was concluded that the Sustainability Fingerprint tool has no equivalent in the literature and was considered useful for the case company during early phase design for two main reasons. Firstly, the tool is tailor-made with defined company-specific sustainability criteria that represent the most important sustainability aspects to assess. Secondly, the support tool can be used also in later phases, thereby supporting a continued innovation process. It allows designers to anticipate a sustainability performance of the solution in: the development of sustainable innovations; comparison and down-selection of alternative solutions; sustainability assessments of the product portfolio to identify improvement measures; and sustainability assessment of current products to identify sustainability hotspots. Further research will include companies from other industrial sectors and will focus on adding digital support, improved practical instructions, and, integration to existing processes and established support tools in companies today. © 2023 The Authors
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| 32. |
- Harfeldt-Berg, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Connecting organizational context to environmental sustainability initiatives and industrial symbiosis : Empirical results and case analysis
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2352-5509. ; 40, s. 210-219
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrial symbiosis can move us closer to a circular economy and enable efficient and sustainable use of resources. Its potential has however been far from realized, and to increase our understanding of why that is, we investigate drivers, barriers, and outcomes associated with both broadly defined environmental sustainability initiatives and industrial symbiosis from an organizational context perspective. A mixed-methods approach is used, combining statistical analysis of survey material with an embedded case study at an industrial symbiosis network in Sotenäs, Sweden. The position of the customer order decoupling point (CODP), a critical aspect of supply chains that separates forecast-based operations from those tied to specific orders, enables comparisons between organizations with primarily forecast-driven operations from those with primarily order-driven operations. We find that the CODP plays an important role in organizations' commitments to sustainability initiatives in general, as organizations with different CODP positions experience different levels of benefits from such initiatives. We did not find that the CODP position had the same impact for industrial symbiosis initiatives. Our results indicate that both industrial symbiosis, a very specific type of sustainability initiative and collaboration, and environmental sustainability initiatives in a broad sense, are associated with multiple, positive business outcomes. However, case study participants also described that their industrial symbiosis participation was time consuming and associated with an added administrative burden. This could be a reason why such collaborations are not more prevalent, despite the potential of bringing about several positive business outcomes. Finally, our findings indicate that industrial symbiosis may bring business-related benefits to firms regardless of their CODP position, but then in order to understand why such networks are not more prevalent, we recommend that future research investigates ways of quantifying and distributing burdens and rewards associated with industrial symbiosis collaboration. © 2023 The Authors
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| 33. |
- Harris, Steve, et al.
(författare)
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Circularity for circularity's sake? : Scoping review of assessment methods for environmental performance in the circular economy.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2352-5509. ; 26, s. 172-186
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Circular Economy (CE) concept is receiving increasing global attention and has captivated many disciplines, from sustainability through to business and economics. There is currently a strong drive by companies, academics and governments alike to implement the CE. Numerous “circularity indicators” have emerged that measure material flow or recirculated value of a system (e.g. product or nation). However, if its implementation is to improve environmental performance of society, the action must be based on scientific evidence and quantification or it may risk driving “circularity for circularity's sake”. This paper, therefore, aims to review the recent circular economy literature that focuses on assessing the environmental implications of circularity of products and services. To do this we divide the system levels into micro (product level), meso (industrial estate/symbiosis) and macro (national or city level). A scoping literature review explores the assessment methods and indicators at each level. The results suggest that few studies compare circularity indicators with environmental performance or link the circularity indicators between society levels (e.g. the micro and macro-levels). However, adequate tools exist at each level (e.g. life cycle assessment (LCA) at the micro-level and multi-regional input-output (MRIO) analysis at the macro-level) to provide the ability to adequately assess and track the CE performance if placed within a suitable framework. The challenge to connect the micro and macro-levels remains. This would help understand the link between changes at the micro-level at the macro-level, and the environmental consequences. At the meso-level, industrial symbiosis continues to grow in potential, but there is a need for further research on the assessment of its contribution to environmental improvement. In addition, there is limited understanding of the use phase. For example, national monitoring programmes do not have indicators on stocks of materials or the extent of the circular economy processes (such as the reuse economy, maintenance and spare parts) which already contribute to the CE. The societal needs/functions framework offers a promising meso-level link to bridge the micro and macro-levels for assessment, monitoring and setting thresholds. © 2020 The Authors
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| 34. |
- Harris, Steve, et al.
(författare)
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Social life cycle assessment of brine treatment and recovery technology: A social hotspot and site-specific evaluation.
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-5509. ; :22, s. 77-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental pollution, resource scarcity, and freshwater shortage are critical world challenges facing humanity. Process industry produces large amounts of brine, a waste water with a high salinity level and often critical raw materials. This study applies the social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) to quantify societal benefits and risks in developing brine treatment systems. S-LCA is implemented for hotspot and site-specific levels on four case studies of the Zero Brine project. Hotspot analysis focused on the major commodities. Social Hotspot Database was used as source for data and endpoint indicators. In addition, site-specific analysis regarded the social performance of the case studies companies; interviews and questionnaires were performed with representatives of the four case studies. The collected data were converted to scores with subcategory assessment method and performance reference points. The results show that for all case studies “Labor rights and decent work” and “Health and safety” indicators result in the largest impacts due to imports of commodities from developing countries. Site-specific results show that the overall social sustainability performance of the case study companies is at a good level. The only potential areas for improvement are the “Occupational accidents” and “Contribution to the local community”. The former are minimally higher for silica plant and higher for coal mine in relation to these sectors average accidents rates. Furthermore, the coal mine company can contribute more to the local community and reduce conflicts concerning environmental impacts at the city level. Common identified hotspots among the case studies are: China, India and Congo. Reducing imports from these countries will significantly improve the societal performance of the brine systems.
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| 35. |
- He, Lei, et al.
(författare)
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User participation dilemmas in the circular economy : An empirical study of Scandinavia's largest peer-to-peer product sharing platform
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier. - 2352-5509. ; 27, s. 975-985
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reusing material products via peer-to-peer (P2P) sharing is one of the circular economy (CE) strategies to fulfil consumer needs with minimised environmental impact and material consumption. However, adopting sharing practices challenges both societal normative behaviours as well as existing business models businesses. Previous studies grounded on stated answers about values, intentions and attitudes of users found several factors that impede the practice of sharing, even though users' needs were said to be satisfied. Nevertheless, few studies have looked at dilemmas that users face while engaging in sharing practices and how these inhibit their participation in CE solutions. This study addresses these discrepancies empirically in the context of P2P product sharing. Using a trust-ownership-need model, we investigated users' reviews (n=415) from an online P2P product sharing platform operating in Sweden and Norway. The data analysis method is a qualitative content analysis of the users' comments (from lessors or lessees). The results reveal the dilemmas that the platform users experience, i.e., information transparency, product pick-up and return arrangements, product quality, security, and user knowledge to operate the product. We argue that missing social presence in the virtual environment, low competence in sharing practice from lessees, and lax platform governance are contributing factors underlying the dilemmas. The research concludes with strategies for promoting user participation in sharing practice and optimising platforms to pursue CE's environmental promises.
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| 36. |
- Hultberg, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Lessons on business model scalability for circular economy in the fashion retail value chain : Towards a conceptual model
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier. - 2352-5509. ; 28, s. 686-698
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circular economy and especially circular business model (CBM), is currently being discussed as a way to enable the fashion industry's transition to sustainable business models wherein pollution and resource waste may be reduced. However, one of the prime reasons for a slow transition is lack of scalability of CBMs operating in the fashion retail value chain. What is lacking in the current discourse is research that summarises and condenses the literature on strategies for how scalability can be attained and what that means in context to CBMs where not only economic values are in focus. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to explore the main strategic approaches to scale business models and how these can be applied to CBMs in the fashion retail value chain. To do this, a two-part method is adopted consisting of a systematic literature review of 57 business models and scalability papers followed by a review of activities reported by 76 fashion retail companies on how these have, or are planning to, increase the scale of their CBM initiative. Our suggested model provides a basic understanding of strategies for business model scalability seen from four different business model design perspectives. These are further contextualised for CBMs in the fashion value chain and lessons learned are generated in the form of four central propositions. The propositions account on how organisations can leverage resources from their existing conventional business model for efficient scaling of their CBM initiative, how they can consider strategic partnerships to access complementary resources, while also embarking on adaptability by running business pilots either internally or by engaging in collaborative networks for industry-wide learnings and change.
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| 37. |
- Jimenez Encarnacion, Divia, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Revealing patterns in household product consumption and sharing: An approach to support urban governance towards a sustainable sharing economy
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - 2352-5509. ; 45, s. 244-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To accomplish the sustainability potential of the sharing economy (SE), there is a need for proactive governance of the SE. In this paper, we aim to generate knowledge on household product consumption and sharing to support SE governance in Gothenburg City (Sweden). Data from two independent cross-sectional questionnaire surveys were statistically analyzed, which generated insights within 7 product groups covering household durables; and within 20 demographic categories regarding gender, age, dwelling type, education level, family composition, and income. Results were in accordance with the well-known attitude-behavior gaps regarding sustainable practices, though variance was seen for these gaps depending on the product and demographic group considered. The study suggests that, for 2021, clothes were consumed in high amounts (units/year) but there was relatively low interest and participation in sharing them, while the opposite was seen for tools and leisure items. As for demographic groups, men were less likely than women to reduce their consumption through participating in sharing, contrary to respondents with higher education. Governance reflections are included for the highlighted cases, such as investigating the reasons why men are less interested in the SE and in reducing their consumption; and exploring hinders to achieving a critical mass of users and providers in clothes sharing.
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| 38. |
- Johansson, Nils, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Circular economy running in circles? : A discourse analysis of shifts in ideas of circularity in Swedish environmental policy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-5509. ; 23, s. 148-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circular economy has in recent years been promoted as a promising alternative to unsustainable production systems. By comparing two different concepts of circularity, circular economy and eco-cycle, which had political momentum in Sweden during the 2010s and the 1990s respectively, the paper shows how issues of responsibility, politics, limits, space and sustainability, and even the shape of the circle itself have changed over the turn of the millennium. Based on a discourse analysis of two policy reports on the concepts, a strong and a weak interpretation of circularity are identified. A weak circularity, represented in circular economy, is presumably without limits. Secondary resources shall only complement the growing extraction of primary resources, while the responsibility for circularity is handed over from the state to individuals and entrepreneurs. A weak circularity excludes social responsibility and tends to reinforce unequal power relations. With a strong conceptualization of circularity, on the other hand, the producers and the state are responsible for creating a closed, material loop limited in size and space, based on the principle of fair distribution of resources. Drawing on the findings, alternative directions of circulation are called for, which are more globally oriented and socially inclusive.
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| 39. |
- Johnson, Emma
(författare)
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Closing competency gaps for circularity: Exploring partner dynamics for circular-oriented innovation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-5509. ; 34, s. 130-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The implementation of circular initiatives requires certain capabilities and knowledge that traditional business models often lack, requiring new perspectives and external collaborations. While it is understood that partnerships can aid in innovation and provide knowledge and capabilities to firms, the dynamics of collaboration for the transition towards circular business models (CBMs) need to be explored to understand why and how collaboration works between partners. A qualitative and in-depth case study of a gap exploiter business model and three of its partners was conducted to gain insight into collaborative relationships for circular-oriented innovation (COI). The research builds upon the theoretical foundations of the resource-based view and organizational learning by extending them to collaboration for COI, and expands the understanding of a gap exploiter business model by connecting it to research on innovation intermediaries—highlighting how particular competences and aspects of a gap exploiter business model enable collaboration with partners. The research found that motivations for collaboration for COI for B2C linear companies are derived from a need to fill competency gaps, although some companies perceive the need to fill competency gaps as temporary before building their own, while others use collaboration to build long-term relationships. Competences needed for COI include a combination of tangible and intangible aspects, such as space, tools, storage for repair and reconditioning, but also governance and managerial structures to formalize the COI as well as knowledge, skills, shared values and vision to operationalize the COI. The competences that contribute the most to enabling collaboration mechanisms are based on the skills and knowledge needed to operationalize circular strategies, as well as company values of collaboration and building partner relations. This research provides several practical resources for companies that include business model blueprints of successful gap exploiter models, competence for COI categories for companies to map out where they will need specific competences, and how these competences along with the business model blueprints enable collaboration. Future research could further examine and evaluate the criticality, volatility, and dependency of the competences for both COI and collaboration.
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| 40. |
- Karlsson, Niklas, 1985-
(författare)
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Business models and business cases for financial sustainability : Insights on corporate sustainability in the Swedish farm-based biogas industry
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 2352-5509. ; 18, s. 115-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, Swedish farmers have begun investing in biogas technology in an attempt to become more sustainable. Biogas production from organic waste on farms combines renewable energy production with increased resource efficiency. However, many farmers have found this activity less profitable than expected. This paper investigates the corporate sustainability strategy used by Swedish farm businesses, in particular how this strategy influences the development of business models and business cases for sustainability in the effort to increase economic profitability from biogas production. A questionnaire, administered to farm business managers, was used to collect the paper’s empirical data. The study’s findings show that the farmers currently use a reactive corporate sustainability strategy that hinders profits because biogas production is realized as an indirect financial business case for sustainability. The study concludes that the farmers could benefit financially from biogas production if they adopted a proactive corporate sustainability strategy. Such a strategy, if adopted, enables the development of a business model for sustainability, the capture of sustainable value for stakeholders, and the creation of biogas production as a direct financial business case for sustainability. This study contributes to the literature on business cases for sustainability, specifically in how their creation is connected to, and influenced by, the corporate sustainability strategy and by related business model changes. The study adds to our understanding of how sustainable investments can contribute to long-term, sustainable business success. © 2019 Institution of Chemical Engineers
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| 41. |
- Kebede, Rahel Zeleke, et al.
(författare)
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A modular ontology modeling approach to developing digital product passports to promote circular economy in the built environment
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier. - 2352-5509. ; 48, s. 248-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The significant impact of the built environment on resource consumption and waste production has led to calls for a shift towards a circular economy model that maximizes the efficient use of resources. This study explores the use of digital product passports (DPPs) to improve how we manage products throughout their lifecycle. However, dealing with the complexity and large volume of data in DPPs can be challenging in terms of effective information management and utilization. We address this issue by adopting a modular ontological approach to systematically capture product lifecycle information from its origin to its end-of-life phase. To ensure interoperability and reusability of the ontology, we annotate key concepts and relationships using International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards that promote circular economy. Our research led to the development of several ontology modules derived from literature reviews and interviews conducted with industry and academia experts who specialize in sustainability. These modules were then integrated to create a digital product passport ontology. The study demonstrates the feasibility of using a modular ontology approach to manage the complex information inherent in DPPs paving the way for more sustainable management practices in the built environment sector.
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| 42. |
- Kim, Dohun, et al.
(författare)
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Greener homes: Factors underpinning Europeans' intention to live in multi-storey wooden buildings
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - 2352-5509. ; 39, s. 373-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate policies aimed at curbing greenhouse gas emissions embodied in the built environment support the wider implementation of multi-storey wooden buildings. A body of research on public perceptions toward wood as a structural building material is emerging, but close examination of behavioral factors underpinning prospective dwelling is scarce. We used contextualized constructs from the theory of planned behavior to quantify and compare the roles of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on intentions to dwell in multi-storey wooden buildings. Structural equation models were fitted to survey data from seven European countries (Austria, Denmark, Germany, Finland, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom; n = 7056). We found that attitudes consistently explain intention to dwell in multi-storey wooden buildings. We also found a varied pattern of relationships between factors underpinning intention across countries. An implication of our results is that national-level policies aimed at promoting social acceptability of dwelling in multi-storey wooden buildings should universally address attitudes toward such novel buildings. But in some countries policies might in addition be tailored to emphasize citizens' subjective norms or perceived behavioral controls.
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| 43. |
- Klitkou, Antje, et al.
(författare)
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The interconnected dynamics of social practices and their implications for transformative change : A review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier. - 2352-5509. ; 31, s. 603-614
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review article analyses the interconnectedness of different fields of social practice. Our aim is to understand if and how the literature using social practice theory addresses these interrelations and how this is linked to questions of sustainability transformations. Based on our review, we suggest a framework that conceives everyday life practices of working, dwelling, mobility, eating, and recreation as closely intertwined and not changing independently of each other. As our analysis demonstrates, such a framing also contributes to better understanding the dynamics of (un)sustainable transformative change. Greater sustainability cannot be achieved by technological fixes or changes in individual behaviour alone but requires comprehensive interventions that address the interactions between practices, as these often co-evolve and co-locate, and changes need to be aligned between different practice fields. This has high relevance for understanding the development of public policy interventions that aim to increase the sustainability of everyday life. Our review shows a significant value of social practice research on the interconnectedness of different practice fields, although certain areas still appear to be somewhat neglected, such as the interconnectedness of work-related practices with other practices of everyday life. It furthermore points to the potential contribution of studies of interconnected practices to the literature on sustain ability transitions, a perspective otherwise neglected in transition studies focusing on organisational actors and institutional dimensions of socio-technical change.
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| 44. |
- Korbelyiova, L., et al.
(författare)
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Paper vs leaf : Carbon footprint of single-use plates made from renewable materials
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier. - 2352-5509. ; 25, s. 77-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plastic pollution of the natural environment world-wide is ubiquitous. More than 80% of marine litter is made of plastics, 70% of which originates from disposable items, so plastic disposables need to be replaced with disposables made from renewable materials. However, it is important to investigate the environmental impact of renewable alternatives through their life cycle, in order to support sustainable consumption and production. In this study, the carbon footprint of disposable plates made from two different renewable materials (paper, tree leaves) were analysed using life cycle assessment. The leaf plate was produced in India and the paper plate in Finland, but both were used and disposed of in Sweden. The results showed that the leaf plate had higher carbon footprint, due to long-distance transport and use of fossil fuel-based electricity for production. Scenario analysis indicated that the emissions associated with the leaf plate were lower when replacing air freight with sea transport and with economies of scale in expanded production. For the paper plate, the processing stage was shown to contribute most life cycle emissions. These could be lowered by applying a biodegradable coating. In comparison the leaf plate had the benefit of being biodegradable, but this benefit was not enough to compete with the paper plate which was consider the less environmentally damaging alternative. However, in order to increase sustainability in the food supply chain, it will not be enough to just improve the material use for single use plates, especially since the idea of single use materials could be seen as less sustainable, but improved materials have the potential to offset the anticipated growth of the food service sector where single use items are widely used.
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| 45. |
- Laurenti, Rafael, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring antecedents of behavioural intention and preferences in online peer-to-peer resource sharing : a Swedish university setting
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier. - 2352-5509. ; 21, s. 47-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resource-optimization platforms appear as a valid option to more sustainable modes of consumption. The success of these platforms mostly depends on the capability to comprehend the potential users’ motives for engagement. We developed and tested a conceptual model based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to investigate the relative significance of consumer motives for and against using a peer-to-peer (P2P) sharing platform. Qualitative interviews of an elicitation study (n=7) followed a quantitative survey (n=325) with potential users. The size of the demand for accessing specific products and services and the type of transaction mode preferred were also investigated. Attitude towards using a P2P sharing platform is the strongest predictor of behavioural intention among the TPB constructs. Ecological sustainability, sense of belonging, trust in other users, and familiarity are the most critical factors determining the attitude towards using the potential platform; process risk concerns were identified as the main hinder. There were more providers than takers to all likely items enquired, and accommodation and car-sharing had the most significant asymmetric ratios remarkably. Services in general and study materials were the items with the highest potential demand and supply. The preferred mode of exchange for the platform is a free system which includes donation and second-hand sales, and transfer of points or money. This study contributes to a better understanding of consumer motivations and desires to engage in sharing resources for sustainability transformations.
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| 46. |
- Li, Nu, et al.
(författare)
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Methane emission reduction in China's natural gas industry : Construction of technology inventory and selection of optimal technology programs
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier. - 2352-5509. ; 44, s. 39-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methane (CH4) is a potent yet short-lived greenhouse gas (GHG), and CH4 emissions from China's natural gas industry hinder its low-carbon and high-quality development. This paper addressed this challenge by compiling emission reduction technology inventory targeting CH4 emissions from process and vented within the natural gas industry. Using a multi-objective optimization model and the NSGA-II algorithm, various technology programs were generated to minimize both emissions and costs simultaneously. These programs underwent classification using quadrants and the osculating value method to identify optimal programs for emission reduction and costeffectiveness. This paper examined 30 potential programs as samples for upstream and midstream. The study demonstrated that for decision-makers with preferences, this paper employed quadrant classification, categorizing all potential programs into three categories: "emission reduction," "cost," and "comprehensive." This categorization met the demand preferences of different decision-makers. For decision-makers lacking specific preferences, the paper identified the best emission reduction technology programs under the current target using the osculating value method. Specifically, in the upstream, the most effective program achieved a 37.85 % reduction in emissions, highlighting "Reduced Emissions Completions for Hydraulically Fractured Gas Wells" as the critical technology. In the midstream, the best program achieved a reduction efficiency of 25.80 %, with "Replacing Wet Seals with Dry Seals in Centrifugal Compressors" contributing the most to emissions reduction. This study offers guidance and illuminating reference cases for the selection of CH4 emission reduction technologies within China's natural gas industry.
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| 47. |
- Liu, Rui, et al.
(författare)
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How should water resources be allocated for shale gas development? : An exploratory study in China
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier. - 2352-5509. ; 30, s. 1001-1018
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water scarcity has emerged as one of the most important global challenges of the twenty-first century. With rising demand for energy, and water being a critical input in energy production, the availability of water resources has put energy sustainable production under growing strain. While unconventional natural gas (especially shale gas) is seen as an important bridge for promoting the transition of energy system from high to low carbon, water availability is a significant constraint on the development of energy resources owing to the massive quantity of water used by the hydraulic fracturing. Against this background, our study aims to optimize the allocation of regionally scarce water resources for fostering integrated economic, social, and environmental growth in shale gas development plays. In light of the uncertainty inherent in the water supply management system for shale gas development, this work employed the Interval Two-stage Stochastic Programming (ITSP) to establish an optimal allocation model for water resources between wells jointly dispatched by surface water, underground water and reused water. The model predicted water scarcity, optimal water allocation, and the total benefit of the shale gas development water supply system under various scenarios. Furthermore, when compared to the Twostage Stochastic Programming (TSP) model results, it was found that the ITSP model's interval value may present decision makers with more ideas and options than the TSP model. In addition, since the ITSP model is oblivious to the system risk issue, it incorporated robust optimization into the original ITSP model to build the Interval Two-stage Robust Stochastic Programming (ITRSP) model. Our findings were expressed as intervals that more accurately represent the actual optimal allocation of water resources, which also provided a broader decision-making space for decision makers in managing shale gas development water supply management schemes. (c) 2022 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 48. |
- Lysenko, Olga, et al.
(författare)
-
Positive climate and health impacts from upscaled use of heat pumps and solar panels in technology packages in EU-27 by 2050
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - Stockholm : IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet AB. - 2352-5509. ; 44, s. 221-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Achieving the European Union's (EU-27) climate targets for 2050 requires moving away from fossil fuels, for which the necessary heating and cooling (H&C) technologies are mostly already available in the domestic sector. These H&C technologies, such as heat pumps and photovoltaic and thermal solar panels, reduce air pollution and thus have positive climate and health effects, but require the increased use of limited materials.Although the integration of such technologies into technology packages (TPs) further increases energy efficiency, monetary values of the climate and health effects of these TPs have not been assessed from a life cycle perspective including the production phase. Therefore, we monetize the full impacts of adopting such innovative H&C TPs in refurbished and new residential and tertiary buildings in the EU-27. With that aim, we combine an analysis of air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions from the life cycle assessment of the TPs with long-term scenarios of H&C demand, to generate country-specific emissions (2030 and 2050).Accordingly, climate and health impacts are estimated using the Greenhouse gas and Air pollution Interactions and Synergies and Alpha RiskPoll models. The total estimated monetary benefits of TP implementation in the EU-27, including its health effects (dominated by reduced premature mortality) and climate impacts, are approximately 15–49 billion €2015 in 2030 and 34–123 billion €2015 in 2050. Furthermore, the benefits are 13 %–15 % higher if the health effects on all European countries are considered. These substantial benefits can justify the broader deployment of TP technologies in the future.
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| 49. |
- Malefors, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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Potential for using guest attendance forecasting in Swedish public catering to reduce overcatering
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-5509. ; 25, s. 162-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Food waste is a significant problem within public catering establishments, caused mainly by serving waste arising from overcatering. Overcatering means that public catering establishments rarely run out of food but surplus ends up as food waste. The challenge is to find a solution that minimizes food waste while ensuring that sufficient food can be provided. A key element in this balancing act is to forecast accurately the number of meals needed and cook that amount. This study examined conventional forecasting methods (last-value forecasting, moving-average models) and more complex models (prophet model, neural network model) and calculated associated margins for all models. The best-performing model for each catering establishment was then used to evaluate the optimal number of portions based on stochastic inventory theory. Data used in the forecasting models are number of portions registered at 21 schools in the period 2010–2019. The past year was used for testing the models against real observations. The current business as usual scenario results in a mean average percentage error of 20–40%, whereas the best forecasting case around 2–3%. Irrespective of forecasting method, meal planning needed some safety margin in place for days when demand exceeded the forecast level. Conventional forecasting methods were simple to use and provided the best results in seven cases, but the neural network model performed best for 11 out of 21 kitchens studied. Forecasting can be one option on the road to achieve a more sustainable public catering sector.
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| 50. |
- Mansuino, Milan, et al.
(författare)
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Turning the wheel : Measuring circularity in Swedish automotive products
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2352-5509. ; 45, s. 139-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transition towards a circular economy necessitates the development of tools for evaluating circularity. This paper proposes an approach with three important indicators—industrial waste, energy use, and IT material waste—to solve the challenge of evaluating circularity in the Swedish automobile industry. Each indicator includes a number of scores and sub-scores allowing for a thorough evaluation of circularity at product level. Qualitative and quantitative data are gathered to calculate scores for individual aspects of the indicators, which are then combined into an overall product score using a weighted average, and associated with an accuracy measurement reflecting the quality of the input data. The sensitivity of circularity indicator values to data availability underscores the importance of accuracy metrics, while placing a priority on simplicity, usefulness, and adaptability. This framework incorporates knowledge from scientific literature, business reports, and sustainability specialists. The result is an overall product circularity score. Such a scorecard can be crucial in accelerating the transition to circularity and sustainability since it highlights areas that need improvement. The framework's development incorporates feedback from sustainability experts, while interviews with industry professionals and data testing ensure its practicality for companies. The framework is designed to be adaptable and scalable to suit industry requirements. Companies are encouraged to adopt it as an internal tool and take ownership to drive circularity initiatives effectively.
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