| 1. |
- Berger, Thor, et al.
(författare)
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Trends and Disparities in Subjective Upward Mobility since 1940
- 2020
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Ingår i: Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World. - : SAGE Publications. - 2378-0231. ; 6, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Concerns that prospects for upward mobility are fading are common in popular and scientific discourse. The fact that fewer Americans today surpass their parents’ economic status than in the past has been invoked to explain trends ranging from the recent spike in drug and alcohol poisonings to the growing appeal of right-wing populism. Using General Social Survey data, the authors ask whether people actually feel that their standard of living is falling short of that of previous generations. In contrast to data on income, education, or occupation, a majority still perceive that they have attained a higher standard of living than their parents. At the same time, mobility experiences are becoming increasingly polarized: subjective upward mobility is rising among highly educated, minority, and urban populations and declining among less educated and rural populations.
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| 2. |
- Bracegirdle, Chloe, et al.
(författare)
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Neither Friend nor Foe : Ethnic Segregation in School Social Networks
- 2023
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Ingår i: Socius. - 2378-0231. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High levels of ethnic segregation have been widely observed in school friendship networks, whereas the degree to which school bullying networks are divided along ethnic lines remains uncertain. Using data from 981 students (53% girls, 47% boys; 11–14 years of age) in British schools, we sought to visualize, quantify, and compare the degree of ethnic segregation in friendship and bullying networks. Our findings contradict the common belief that ethnic segregation in friendship networks fosters interethnic conflict; instead, we identified similarly high levels of ethnic segregation in both friendship and bullying networks. Students may therefore simultaneously avoid positive and negative interethnic relationships. The findings indicate that positive and negative networks should both be considered to provide a comprehensive assessment of interethnic relations in the school environment.
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| 3. |
- Broadbent, Jeffrey, et al.
(författare)
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Conflicting Climate Change Frames in a Global Field of Media Discourse
- 2016
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Ingår i: Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World. - : SAGE Publications. - 2378-0231. ; 1:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reducing global emissions will require a global cosmopolitan culture built from detailed attention to conflicting national climate change frames (interpretations) in media discourse. The authors analyze the global field of media climate change discourse using 17 diverse cases and 131 frames. They find four main conflicting dimensions of difference: validity of climate science, scale of ecological risk, scale of climate politics, and support for mitigation policy. These dimensions yield four clusters of cases producing a fractured global field. Positive values on the dimensions show modest association with emissions reductions. Data-mining media research is needed to determine trends in this global field.
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| 4. |
- Fairbrother, Malcolm, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Can Bureaucrats Break Trust? : testing Cultural and Institutional Theories of Trust with Chinese Panel Data
- 2022
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Ingår i: Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World. - : Sage Publications. - 2378-0231. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What is the relationship between trust and the quality of political institutions in a society? According to an influential cultural perspective, social trust—the belief that most people can be trusted—is a value inculcated during individuals’ formative years, and remains fixed afterward. A second perspective holds that social trust reflects experiences throughout the life course, particularly interactions with public institutions and officials. The authors test these cultural and institutional theories using data from three waves of the China Family Panel Studies, assessing how political and social trust respond to treatment by public officials that respondents consider unfair. The authors find that such experiences, which they show in many cases likely meant being a victim of corruption, are associated with declines in trust. Yet the effects are short lived: within two years both types of trust revert to their original levels. These results therefore provide mixed support for both theories and suggest a reconciliation between them.
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| 5. |
- Fallesen, Peter, 1984-
(författare)
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Decline in Rate of Divorce and Separation Filings in Denmark in 2020 Compared with Previous Years
- 2021
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Ingår i: Socius: Sociological research for a dynamic world. - : SAGE Publications. - 2378-0231. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The radical changes to everyday life brought on by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the closure of nonfamily social spheres in particular may have impacted marriage dynamics. The author provides evidence on the monthly rates of initiation of divorce and separation filings in Denmark for the period from 2016 to 2020 to examine how filing behavior changed during 2020 compared with the four previous years. Because filing precedes divorce, rates reflect more precisely the temporal dynamic of divorce initiation. Rates of initiation of divorce filings declined in 2020 to the lowest level across the period from 2016 to 2020. On average, monthly rates in 2020 were 7 percent lower than 2019 rates and 20 percent lower than 2016 rates. There is little indication that the COVID-19 pandemic had an immediate influence on divorce dynamics, although the filing rate was more depressed during lockdown periods.
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| 6. |
- Hjerm, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Peer Attitudes and the Development of Prejudice in Adolescence
- 2018
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Ingår i: Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World. - : Sage Publications. - 2378-0231. ; 4, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to a number of psychological and sociological theories, individuals are susceptible to social influence from their immediate social environment, especially during adolescence. An important social context is the network of one’s peers. However, data limitations, specifically a lack of longitudinal data with information about respondents’ social networks, have limited previous analyses of the relationship between peers and prejudice over time. In this article, we rely on a five-wave panel of adolescents, aged either 13 or 16 in wave 1 (N = 1,009). We examine the effects of this social context on prejudice by focusing on nominated friends’ attitudes, attitudes of prestigious peers, and respondents’ own positions in their networks. Results indicate that the level of prejudice among peers affects individual prejudice over time. Results also show that both prestigious and nonprestigious peers affect prejudice. Finally, adolescents’ own positions in their networks matter: Network centrality is inversely related to prejudice.
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| 7. |
- Hurtado Bodell, Miriam, et al.
(författare)
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From Documents to Data : A Framework for Total Corpus Quality
- 2022
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Ingår i: SOCIUS. - : Sage Publications. - 2378-0231. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As large corpora of digitized text become increasingly available, researchers are rediscovering textual data's potential fruitfulness for inquiries into social and cultural phenomena. Although textual corpora promise to enrich our knowledge of the social world, avoiding problems related to data quality remains a challenge to related empirical research. Hence, evaluating the quality of a corpus will be pivotal for future social scientific inquiries. The authors propose a conceptual framework for total corpus quality, incorporating three crucial dimensions: total corpus error, corpus comparability, and corpus reproducibility. These dimensions affect the validity and reliability of inferences drawn from textual data. In addition, the authors' framework provides insights toward evaluating and improving studies on the basis of large-scale textual analyses. After outlining this framework, the authors then illustrate an application of the total corpus quality framework by an example case study using digitized newspaper articles to study topic salience over 75 years.
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| 8. |
- Kulin, Joakim, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Immigration or Welfare? : The Progressive's Dilemma Revisited
- 2016
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Ingår i: Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World. - : Sage Publications. - 2378-0231. ; 2, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous cross-national research on the link between immigration and the welfare state has focused exclusively on the relationship between the size of a country's foreign-born population and support for redistribution, neglecting that people vary in their responses to immigration. In this article, the authors revisit the progressive's dilemma by testing its theoretical proposition—that immigration and welfare are incompatible—in two novel ways. First, the authors conduct an individual-level analysis that demonstrates that, for most Europeans, supporting both immigration and welfare is unlikely. Second, the authors assess whether country-level immigration is associated with the salience of different immigration-welfare attitudes but find little evidence that immigration measured at the country level produces the most exclusive attitudes.
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| 9. |
- Mitchell, Jeffrey
(författare)
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Context and Change : A Longitudinal Analysis of Attitudes about Immigrants in Adolescence
- 2019
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Ingår i: Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World. - : Sage Publications. - 2378-0231. ; 5, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research has explored many different relationships between contextual influences, such as levels of immigration or economic condition, and attitudes about immigrants, with mixed results. These have largely been international comparative studies using cross-sectional data, therefore they have been unable to make claims about changes in environmental context translating to changes in attitudes of respondents. Furthermore, the previous literature has almost exclusively tested these relationships using data from adults, despite research showing that attitudes are most subject to change during adolescence. This study addresses these issues by using a longitudinal data set of repeated measures of 2,328 German adolescents (about 14–18 years old) over four response waves (2010–2014). Using a multilevel analysis, results show that contextual changes, including the percentage of foreign-born people and unemployment rates within respondents’ states, correspond to changes in attitudes toward immigrants consistent with group threat theory. These results were stable even when controlling individual-level factors.
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| 10. |
- Przepiorka, Wojtek, et al.
(författare)
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How Norms Emerge from Conventions (and Change)
- 2022
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Ingår i: SOCIUS. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 2378-0231. ; 8:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social norms regulate our behavior in a variety of mundane and far-reaching contexts, from tipping at the restaurant to social distancing during a pandemic. However, how social norms emerge, persist, and change is still poorly understood. Here the authors investigate experimentally whether spontaneously emerging behavioral regularities (i.e., conventions) gain normativity over time and, if so, whether their normative underpinning makes them resistant to changes in economic incentives. To track the coevolution of behavior and normativity, the authors use a set of measures to elicit participants' first- and second-order normative beliefs and their (dis)approval of other participants' behaviors. The authors find that even in the limited duration of their lab experiment, conventions gain normativity that makes these conventions resistant to change, especially if they promote egalitarian outcomes and the change in economic incentives is relatively small. These findings advance our understanding of how cognitive, social and economic mechanisms interact in bringing about social change.
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| 11. |
- Skeie Hermansen, Are, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in Women’s and Men’s College Majors across Four Decades in Norway
- 2022
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Ingår i: Socius. - : SAGE Publications. - 2378-0231. ; 8, s. 1-2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Women are now more likely to receive college degrees than men, yet important differences remain in the college majors of women and men. This visualization depicts women’s and men’s college majors across four decades in Norway. The authors document the movement of women into higher paying majors and show that men are increasingly majoring in fields that are gender integrated. However, women remain overrepresented in female-dominated majors, and men remain in overrepresented in majors that have historically been well paid. This visualization thus underscores the progress that has been made in achieving gender parity in education as well as the challenges that remain.
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| 12. |
- Skeie Hermansen, Are
(författare)
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Visualizing Intergenerational Immigrant Assimilation at Work
- 2022
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Ingår i: Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World. - : SAGE Publications. - 2378-0231 .- 2378-0231. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extent to which successive immigrant generations experience economic progress is a fundamental yardstick of assimilation and future ethnic stratification in the increasingly diverse societies of the rich West. In this regard, measuring how immigrants and local-born adult descendants of immigrants are distributed across different labor market segments provides clues about their relative assimilation into the mainstream economy. Drawing on linked employer-employee administrative data from Norway, the author uses heat plots to visualize differences in ethnic and socioeconomic characteristics of workplace contexts by immigrant background. The visualization reveals a striking overall pattern of intergenerational assimilation, whereby immigrant descendants are employed in workplaces that are more like those of nonmigrant natives in terms of immigrant concentration and, in particular, coworkers’ salaries, education, and occupational task profiles compared with the immigrant generation. However, less-successful members of the second generation found in workplaces with less prestigious job characteristics still experience disproportionate levels of ethnic workplace segregation.
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| 13. |
- Sonmez, Burak, et al.
(författare)
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Other-Regarding Behaviors and Attitudes toward Asylum Seekers
- 2022
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Ingår i: Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World. - : Sage Publications. - 2378-0231 .- 2378-0231. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies predominantly examined self-reported attitudes toward economic migrants and refugees along with different types of public concerns. Few of these studies used behavioral measures to analyze how asylum seeker inflows may sway public preferences toward them. However, the literature remains largely silent on the issue as to how correcting misperceptions of asylum seeker inflows may improve a host population’s support for them. The authors’ research addresses this gap, using a lab experiment to examine how providing factual information on asylum seeker inflows changes other-regarding behaviors and attitudes of a host population toward asylum seekers, depending on people’s political leanings. Specifically, the authors examine whether factual information provided by a nonpartisan source may ease or backfire giving behaviors and unwelcoming attitudes toward asylum seekers through the moderation of partisanship. The findings suggest that providing accurate information about the number of asylum seekers counteracts low-level giving behaviors and unwelcoming attitudes of right-wing-leaning citizens.
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| 14. |
- Steinberg, Hillary, et al.
(författare)
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"Optimizing" Health in the Time of COVID-19 : How Neoliberal Health Orientations Dictate Families' Responses
- 2023
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Ingår i: Socius. - 2378-0231. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neoliberal health orientations that emphasize specific health behaviors provide frameworks for how class-advantaged Americans understand themselves and their health. The family is a consequential pathway for such privilege to be enacted. Using dyadic interviews with U.S. parents and teenagers, the authors explore how families in two middle- to upper-middle-class, health-conscious cities reoriented their beliefs and practices around health in response to coronavirus disease 2019. Neoliberal health orientations were still the logic many families used to approach health, even as public health messaging focused on protecting vulnerable groups. The authors find that before and during the pandemic, teenagers experienced intense pressure to maintain a classed, thin body via diet, participation in sports, and exercise. Families that adhered closely to neoliberal ideals and encouraged these practices felt that their health behaviors boosted immune defenses against coronavirus disease 2019. However, parents and teenagers worried about the worsening of their fitness and diet. The authors discuss implications for public health and inequalities.
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| 15. |
- Weidenstedt, Linda
(författare)
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Empowerment Gone Bad : Communicative Consequences of Power Transfers
- 2016
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Ingår i: Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World. - : SAGE Publications. - 2378-0231. ; 2, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Empowerment as a positively connoted concept has been studied extensively in applied research in different fields. Yet its unfavorable, paradoxical character has so far not received enough theoretical attention to make it possible to improve empowerment efforts. In this theoretically informed analysis of the processes that lead to the paradox of empowerment, the author argues that it evolves from discrepancies between approaching empowerment from a structural versus a communicative viewpoint: empowerees’ agency might be increased on a structural level but simultaneously decreased on a communicative level, leaving them feeling disempowered.
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