| 1. |
- Al-Ansari, Nadhir, et al.
(författare)
-
Flow of River Tigris and its Effect on the Bed Sediment within Baghdad, Iraq Open Engineering
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Open Engineering. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2391-5439. ; 5, s. 465-477
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- River Tigris is a major river in Iraq. Sediment at the bed of the river within a reach of about 18 km starting at the center of Baghdad upstream was investigated. Sixty five cross sections were surveyed and 46 sediment samples were collected and analyzed. It was noticed that fine sand was dominating the bed (90.74%). The average median size within the reach was 2.49 phi (0.177mm) while the mean size was 2.58 phi (0.16mm). In addition the sediments were moderately sorted, fine skewed and leptokurtic. The size of the bed sediment relatively decreased compared to older investigations due to the construction of Adhaim dam on tributary which used to be the main sediment supplier to the Tigris River before entering Baghdad. Furthermore, the discharge of the Tigris River for the period 1983-2013 (715m3/s) had decreased by about 40% and 30% since 1983 compared with the period 1931-1956 (1208 m3/s) and 1956-1980 (1015 m3/s ) respectively. This had decreased the capacity and competence of the river. The bed elevation had increased compared to previous surveys. It was noticed that dredging operations and obstacles (e.g. fallen bridges and islands) disturbed the flow of the river and sediment characteristics in several sites.
|
|
| 2. |
- Al-Ansari, Nadhir, et al.
(författare)
-
Long term effect of climate change on rainfall in northwest Iraq
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Central European Journal of Engineering. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1896-1541 .- 2081-9927. ; 4:3, s. 250-263
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Middle East, like North Africa, is considered as arid to semi-arid region. Water shortages in this region, represents an extremely important factor in stability of the region and an integral element in its economic development and prosperity. Iraq was an exception due to presence of Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. After the 1970s the situation began to deteriorate due to continuous decrease in discharges of these rivers, are expected to dry by 2040 with the current climate change. In the present paper, long rainfall trends up to the year 2099 were studied in Sinjar area, northwest of Iraq, to give an idea about its future prospects. Two emission scenarios, used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (A2 and B2), were employed to study the long term rainfall trends in northwestern Iraq. All seasons consistently project a drop in daily rainfall for all future periods with the summer season is expected to have more reduction compared to other seasons. Generally the average rainfall trend shows a continuous decrease. The overall average annual rainfall is slightly above 210 mm. In view of these results, prudent water management strategies have to be adopted to overcome or mitigate consequences of future severe water crisis.
|
|
| 3. |
- Al-Asadi, Asaad, et al.
(författare)
-
Enhancing urban sustainability through industrial synergy : A multidisciplinary framework for integrating sustainable industrial practices within urban settings - The case of Hamadan industrial city
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Open Engineering. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2391-5439. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study conducts an in-depth analysis of the interplay between sustainable industrial growth and integrated industrial urban environments, proposing a novel paradigm for urban production. The aim of this study is to combine sustainable industrial growth with its integration into urban environments, to establish a new and novel way to seamlessly integrate industrial processes within urban surroundings. This research utilizes a thorough approach, incorporating several disciplines, to examine Hamadan industrial city. It includes an extensive survey of existing literature, a comparative analysis based on empirical evidence, and a detailed evaluation of a specific example. This technique aims to address a significant research gap by providing a comprehensive framework that promotes sustainable industrial practices in urban environments. The scholarly contribution of this work is to manifest in its formulation of a pragmatic framework designed to provide urban planners and policymakers with strategies to harmonize industrial growth with urban sustainability imperatives. This article tackles the considerable challenges posed by escalating urbanization and industrialization. To conceive a framework for urban planning and industrial operations that emphasize environmental stewardship, resource efficiency, and social welfare is the primary purpose of this project. The study shows how industrial cities may revitalize economies, innovate industries, and solve urban problems including housing shortages and congestion. The importance of creative, collaborative, and policy-driven initiatives to build sustainable and resilient industrial-urban ecosystems in global industrial sustainability efforts is highlighted. The findings show that synergistic urban-industrial integration is needed for economic growth, environmental protection, and social welfare.
|
|
| 4. |
- Al-Rawabdeh, Abdullah, et al.
(författare)
-
Modeling the risk of groundwater contamination using modified DRASTIC and GIS in Amman-Zerqa basin, Jordan
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Central European Journal of Engineering. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1896-1541 .- 2081-9927. ; 4:3, s. 264-280
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amman-Zerqa Basin (AZB) is the second largest groundwater basin in Jordan with the highest abstraction rate, where more than 28% of total abstractions in Jordan come from this basin. In view of the extensive reliance on this basin, contamination of AZB groundwater became an alarming issue. This paper develops a Modified DRASTIC model by combining the generic DRASTIC model with land use activities and lineament density for the study area with a new model map that evaluates pollution potential of groundwater resources in AZB to various types of pollution. It involves the comparison of modified DRASTIC model that integrates nitrate loading along with other DRASTIC parameters. In addition, parameters to account for differences in land use and lineaments density were added to the DRASTIC model to reflect their influences on groundwater pollution potential. The DRASTIC model showed only 0.08% (3 km2) of the AZB is situated in the high vulnerability area and about 30% of the basin is located in the moderately vulnerable zone (mainly in central basin). After modifying the DRASTIC to account for lineament density, about 87% of the area was classified as having low pollution potential and no vulnerability class accounts for about 5.01% of the AZB area. The moderately susceptible zone covers 7.83% of the basin’s total area and the high vulnerability area constitutes 0.13%. The vulnerability map based on land use revealed that about 71% of the study area has low pollution potential and no vulnerability area accounts for about 0.55%, whereas moderate pollution potential zone covers an area of 28.35% and the high vulnerability class constitutes 0.11% of AZB. The final DRASTIC model which combined all DRASTIC models shows that slightly more than 89% of the study area falls under low pollution risk and about 6% is considered areas with no vulnerability. The moderate pollution risk potential covers an area of about 4% of AZB and the high vulnerability class constitutes 0.21% of the basin. The results also showed that an area of about 1761 km2 of bare soils is of low vulnerability, whereas about 28 km2 is moderately vulnerable. For agriculture and the urban sector, approximately 1472 km2 are located within the low vulnerability zone and about 144 km2 are moderately vulnerable, which together account for about 8% of the total agriculture and urban area. These areas are contaminated with human activities, particularly from the agriculture. Management of land use must be considered when changing human or agricultural activity patterns in the study area, to reduce groundwater vulnerability in the basin. The results also showed that the wells with the highest nitrate levels (81-107 mg/l) were located in high vulnerable areas and are attributed to leakage from old sewage water.
|
|
| 5. |
- Ibrahim, Mohammed Khaleel, et al.
(författare)
-
3D FE modeling of cable-stayed bridge according to ICE code
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Open Engineering. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 2391-5439. ; 12:1, s. 1126-1133
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the performance of a cable-stayed bridge by representing a model using the ANSYS program under the influence of a concentrated load and then comparing the results with the experimental results. One model used in the analysis was the Harp type 1, which used the length of the girder (4500mm), the height of the pylon (1480mm), and the depth of the flange on the girder (40mm). If cable-stayed bridges are constructed using the balanced cantilever method, the stability problem of the girder is more significant during the construction stage than at the initial state. In this study, to investigate the ultimate behavior of cable-stayed bridges, experimental and analytical studies were conducted for one model: Harp Type 1. At the limit state, several plastic hinges occurred, and the girders buckle along the entire span. Numerical analysis was conducted for the experimental model, the results of which showed good agreement with the experimental results. The influence of such effects on the analysis and the structural role of cable-stayed bridges has been detailed and examined in the study. The dimensions of the model were also compared with the ICE Code in terms of the height of the tower to the main space, and the back span to the main span ratio. It was close to standard specifications. A finite element procedure for the nonlinear analysis of cable-stayed bridges first set up and then detailed for the static deflection analysis of such bridges is carried out.
|
|
| 6. |
- Moshood, Taofeeq D., et al.
(författare)
-
The Physical Internet: A means towards achieving global logistics sustainability
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Open Engineering. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2391-5439. ; 11:1, s. 815-829
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The supply chains that make up the distribution networks are becoming more diverse as companies respond to global markets' rigorous demands. Today, the immediate need for sustainable growth is to design, manufacture, and deliver the right product to experience drastic improvements in the right place, at the right price, and at the right time. As a massively distributed, integrated logistics infrastructure, a new "Physical Internet"(PI) model has been implemented to make the existing logistics structures more scalable and sustainable. This article discusses resource control in the PI's modern supply chain and logistics systems while addressing the potential disruptions between the hubs during the transfer of goods. This article attempts to establish how companies will benefit from introducing the PI to optimise their strategic supply chain. This article used ATLAS.ti 9 automated tool to save, classify, and evaluate the data for this analysis to review the literature systematically. For PI, an increasing number of plans, blueprints, and requirements have been established. Still, minimal models are currently developed, explaining how the transformation from the strengthened logistics business models to the PI could occur. There is a lack of awareness of the necessary market structures that can include crucial players and allow the PI model to be embraced. Therefore, this research brings a new viewpoint on logistic operations through the PI idea, guarantees the present situation's view, and presents a solution to the society-business-technology framework.
|
|
| 7. |
- Pederson, Robert, et al.
(författare)
-
Microstructure and mechanical behavior of Cast Ti-6Al-4V with addition of boron
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Central European Journal of Engineering. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1896-1541 .- 2081-9927. ; 2:3, s. 347-357
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of boron (between 0.06 and 0.11 wt%) on the microstructure, hardness and compression properties of cast Ti-6Al-4V was investigated. Compression properties were examined in the temperature range from room temperature to 1000ºC. It was found that the addition of boron refines the as-cast microstructure in terms of prior beta grain size and alpha colony size. This microstructural refinement led to an increase in compressive yield strength from room temperature up to 700ºC. Three different strain rates (0.001, 0.1 and 1 s-1) were evaluated during compression testing from which it was found that the compressive yield strength decreased with decreasing strain rate from 600ºC up to the beta transus temperature.
|
|
| 8. |
- Zakrisson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Modelling and simulation of explosions in soil interacting with deformable structures
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Central European Journal of Engineering. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1896-1541 .- 2081-9927. ; 2:4, s. 532-550
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A detonating explosive interacting with a deformable structure is a highly transient and non-linear event. In field blast trials of military vehicles, a standard procedure is often followed in order to reduce the uncertainties and increase the quality of the test. If the explosive is buried in the ground, the state of the soil must meet specific demands. In the present work, laboratory experiments have been performed to characterize the behaviour of a soil material. Soil may be considered a three-phase medium, consisting of solid grains, water and air. Variations between the amounts of these phases affect the mechanical properties of the soil. The experimental outcome has formed input data to represent the soil behaviour included in a three-phase elastic-plastic cap model. This unified constitutive model for soil has been used for numerical simulations representing field blast trials, where the explosive load is interacting with a deformable structure. The blast trials included explosive buried at different depths in wet or dry sand. A dependence of the soil initial conditions can be shown, both in the past field trials along with the numerical simulations. Even though some deviations exist, the simulations showed in general acceptable agreement with the experimental results.
|
|
