| 1. |
- Bjermo, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Design, Methods, and Participation in Riksmaten Young Children - A Swedish National Dietary Survey
- 2024
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Ingår i: CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN NUTRITION. - 2475-2991. ; 8:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: National dietary surveys provide essential data for risk bene fi t assessments of foods and nutrients, for management and policy development. Physical activity measurement and biomonitoring can provide important complementary data but are less commonly included. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the study design and methods of the cross-sectional Swedish national dietary survey Riksmaten Young Children (Riksmaten sm & aring;barn), of children aged 9 mo, 18 mo, and 4 y. Participation/dropout rates for the 2 older age groups are also presented. The impact of different recruitment strategies is discussed. Methods: Children ( N = 16,655) were randomly selected from the population register; invitations to guardians were sent by post and where possible, followed up by telephone. Food intake was assessed by a 2-d food diary and/or questionnaire. Height and weight were reported after measurement. Physical activity (accelerometery, 7 d) and stool, blood, and urine samples were assessed in subgroups. Results: Food consumption data were collected in 1828 children (11% of the invited; 18 mo: n = 1078, and 4 y: n = 750). Of participants also in subgroups, 71% provided physical activity data ( n = 1307), 60% stool samples ( n = 630), and 51% blood and/or urine samples ( n = 593). The study population represented all geographic regions and types of municipalities in Sweden, but participating households had both higher education level and higher income than the target population. Only minor differences were seen in participation rates between recruitment via post and telephone compared with those through post only (12% compared with 10%). Repeated contact attempts were needed for the majority of participants (65%). Despite the low-participation rate, 99% of the participants completed the study once started. Conclusions: Although it was a challenge to recruit participants, Riksmaten Young Children provides a substantial amount of information at national level, representative in terms of sex, geography, and family structure. The underrepresentation of households with lower socioeconomic must be considered when results.
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| 2. |
- Dusingizimana, T., et al.
(författare)
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Household-Level Coverage of Iron-Biofortified Beans in the Northern Province of Rwanda
- 2023
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Ingår i: Current Developments in Nutrition. - : Elsevier. - 2475-2991. ; 7:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Biofortification, the process of enhancing the micronutrient content of staple crops, is a nutrition-sensitive agricultural intervention with the potential to increase micronutrient intakes and improve health outcomes, especially among vulnerable populations. Although data are available on the number of farming households that grow biofortified crops, information on the coverage of biofortified foods in the general population is limited. Such information is critical to assess the performance of biofortification programs and guide decisions related to program implementation while ascertaining progress toward achieving expected impacts. Objective: This study aimed to assess the household coverage of iron-biofortified beans (IBBs) in rural areas of the Northern Province of Rwanda. Methods: We applied methods previously used to assess coverage in large-scale food fortification programs to develop coverage indicators for IBBs. These indicators were 1) consumption of beans in any form; 2) awareness of IBBs; 3) availability of IBBs; 4) consumption of IBBs (ever); and 5) consumption of IBBs (current). Results: Of the 535 households surveyed, 98% consumed beans in any form and 79% were aware of IBBs. Among the 321 households that provided bean samples, only 40% of the samples were biofortified (as determined by a breeding specialist) and only 21% of respondents were able to correctly identify IBBs. Although 52% of households reported to be ever consuming biofortified beans, only 10% of households were currently consuming these beans. Conclusions: Despite relatively high awareness of IBBs among surveyed households, a few households currently consume IBBs, highlighting the need to explore strategies to promote consumption. More research is also required to investigate factors hindering the consumption of IBBs. © 2023
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Norgren, J., et al.
(författare)
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The Dietary Carbohydrate/Fat-Ratio and Cognitive Performance : Panel Analyses in Older Adults at Risk for Dementia
- 2023
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Ingår i: Current Developments in Nutrition. - : Elsevier. - 2475-2991. ; 7:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Roughly 80% of total energy intake (TEI) in most human diets originates from digestible carbohydrates (eCarb) and fat (eFat), but the impact of their proportions on cognitive performance is poorly understood.Objectives: Our primary aim was to investigate estimates of global cognition in relation to macronutrient intake, with the log-ratio eCarb/eFat (CFr) as the primary predictor variable of interest. Secondary predictors were protein and the saturated/total fat ratio. Exploratory comparisons of CFr with eCarb and eFat as separate predictors were an additional aim.Methods: The observations were made on panel data (years 0, 1, 2) from the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability, n = 1251; age 60–77 y; 47% females; selected by risk factors for dementia. Self-reported diet was assessed by 3-d food records. Global cognition was measured using a modified Neuropsychological Test Battery. A mixed linear regression model was used, adjusted for age, sex, education, body-mass index, cholesterol-lowering drugs, TEI, time, time × intervention/control group, with study site and subject as random factors. Estimates were standardized (mean = 0; SD = 1) with 95% CI.Results: CFr had a negative estimate to global cognition (β = −0.022, CI: −0.039, −0.005; P = 0.011). The point estimate for protein was β = 0.013 (P = 0.41), and for the saturated/total fat ratio, associations with cognition were nonlinear. CFr correlated highly with eCarb (Pearson's r = 0.92) and eFat (r = −0.94). The point estimate for CFr fell between eCarb (β = −0.026, P < 0.001) and (inversely) eFat (β = 0.017, P = 0.090). Conclusions: A lower CFr was associated with better global cognition among older adults at risk for dementia. Because this is an important target group for preventive interventions, clinical trials are warranted to further investigate the impact of macronutritional composition on cognitive health. The potential role of CFr as a predictor for cognitive health should be further studied.
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| 5. |
- Nybacka, Sanna, et al.
(författare)
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Within- and between-subject variation in dietary intake of fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols among patients with irritable bowel syndrome
- 2019
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Ingår i: Current Developments in Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 2475-2991. ; 3:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A diet low in fermentable carbohydrates, fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) is a promising treatment option for patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In order to correctly estimate and study the intake of FODMAPs, information about within- and between-subject variations in intakes is needed, but is currently lacking. Objectives: The aim was to characterize the variation in FODMAP intake among patients with IBS and to calculate how many days of observations are required to capture absolute intakes as well as to rank individuals. Methods: Food intake was recorded during 4 consecutive days, and intakes of energy and FODMAPs were calculated. The coefficient of variation within subjects (CV w ), coefficient of variation between subjects (CV b ), number of days required to estimate an individual's intake, and number of observations required to correctly rank individuals into quartiles of consumption were calculated. Results: Diet records were provided from 151 women and 46 men with IBS. The reported mean energy intake was 2039 ± 502 kcal among women and 2385 ± 573 kcal among men, and the median FODMAP intakes were 18.7 g (range 3.7-73.4) and 22.8 g (range 3.6-165.7), respectively. The ratio of CV w /CV b for total FODMAP intake was 0.83 for women and 0.67 for men, and below 1 for all FODMAPs. To capture intake of FODMAPs at the individual level, 19 d of observations are required. Ranking individuals within a group would require 2-6 d of observations. Conclusion: There is more variation between subjects than within subjects regarding FODMAP intake. To correctly estimate an individual's absolute intake of FODMAPs, the number of days of diet records required exceeds what is reasonable for a participant to accomplish. However, ranking individuals into quartiles of FODMAP consumption can be achieved using a 4-d food record. © 2018, Nybacka et al.
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| 6. |
- Rambaran, Theresa F., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Berry Polyphenols on Glucose Metabolism : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
- 2020
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Ingår i: Current developments in nutrition. - : Oxford University Press. - 2475-2991. ; 4:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of berry polyphenols on glucose metabolism has been evaluated in several studies; however, the results are conflicting. A systematic review and meta-analysis was therefore conducted to evaluate the effect of berry polyphenol consumption on glucose metabolism in adults with impaired glucose tolerance or insulin resistance. PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL (EBSCO), and Scopus were searched for randomized controlled trials published by June 2019. Of the 3240 articles found, 21 met inclusion criteria. Study-specific effects were calculated as mean differences, which were pooled using fixed-effect, inverse-variance weighting. Overall, berry polyphenol consumption did not have a clear effect on biomarkers of glucose metabolism compared with placebo or no treatment. Although some analyses showed statistically significant effects, these effects were too small to be of clinical relevance. The review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews as CRD42019130811.
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| 7. |
- Skantze, Viktor, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying metabotypes from complex biological data using PARAFAC
- 2021
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Ingår i: Current Developments in Nutrition, Volume 5. - : Elsevier BV. - 2475-2991. ; 5:2, s. 882-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research have identified large individual variation in physiological response to diet, which has led to more focused investigations in precision nutrition. One approach towards personalized nutrition is to identify groups of differential responders, so called metabotypes (i.e., clusters of individuals with similar metabolic profiles and/or regulation). Metabotyping has previously been addressed using matrix decomposition tools like principal component analysis (PCA) on data organized in matrix form. However, metabotyping using data from more complex experimental designs, involving e.g., repeated measures over time or multiple treatments (tensor data), requires new methods. We developed a workflow for detecting metabotypes from experimental tensor data. The workflow is based on tensor decomposition, specifically PARAFAC which is conceptually similar to PCA but extended to multidimensional data. Metabotypes, based on metabolomics data were identified from PARAFAC scores using k-means clustering and validated by their association to anthropometric and clinical baseline data. Additionally, we evaluated the robustness of the metabotypes using bootstrapping. Furthermore, we applied the workflow to identify metabotypes using data from a crossover acute post-prandial dietary intervention study on 17 overweight males (BMI 25–30 kg/m2, 41–67 y of age) undergoing three dietary interventions (pickled herring, baked herring and baked beef), measuring 80 metabolites (from GC-MS metabolomics) at 8 time points (0–7h). We identified two metabotypes characterized by differences in amino acid levels, predominantly in the beef diet, that were also associated with creatinine (p = 0.007). The metabotype with higher postprandial amino acid levels was also associated with higher fasting creatinine compared to the other metabotype. Conclusions: The results stress the potential of PARAFAC to discover metabotypes from complex study designs. The workflow is not restricted to our data structure and can be applied to any type of tensor data. However, PARAFAC is sensitive to data pre-processing and further studies where differential metabotypes are related to clinical endpoints are highly warranted. Funding Sources: This work has been supported by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research and Formas, which is gratefully acknowledged.
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| 8. |
- Soderlund, Fredri, et al.
(författare)
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The Fate of Phosphate: Assessing Dietary Intake and Urinary Excretion in Swedish Adolescents
- 2024
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Ingår i: CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN NUTRITION. - : Elsevier. - 2475-2991. ; 8:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A high total phosphorus (P) intake has been proposed to promote endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. A diet rich in foods containing P additives could contribute to an excessive intake, potentially reflected as increased concentration of P in urine. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the intake of total dietary P, P additives, and its sources and examine their correlation with urinary P in a cross-sectional national study in Swedish adolescents. Methods: We constructed a database of P additives and applied it to the foods consumed by 3099 participants in the representative schoolbased dietary survey Riksmaten Adolescents 2016 - 17. Intake of total dietary P and P additives were assessed using two 24-h recalls. Urinary P was analyzed in a subsample of 756 participants using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spearman rank correlation ( rho ) was used to assess the association between dietary P intake and urinary P excretion. Results: The mean (SD) intake of total P was 1538 ( +/- 667) mg/d. Food containing P additives were consumed by 92% of adolescents and the median (IQR) intake was 49 (22 - 97; range: 0.01 - 947) mg/d, corresponding to 5% (1% - 6%; range: 0% - 50%) of total P. The main contributing food to P additives was cola drinks, while the main contributing food group was sausage dishes. Total P intake was weakly correlated with urinary P ( rho = 0.12; P < 0.01) but not with intake of P additives. Conclusions: Nearly, all participants consumed P additives, contributing to an average of 5% of total P intake but ranging up to 50%. The intake of total P, but not P additives, was weakly reflected in the urinary P. Access to more comprehensive information on P additives in foods would improve further evaluation of potential health consequences.
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| 9. |
- Strid, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Adherence to the Swedish Dietary Guidelines and the Impact on Mortality and Climate in a Population-Based Cohort Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Current Developments in Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 2475-2991. ; 6:Suppl 1, s. 950-950
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objectives To assess 1) the association between adherence to the Swedish dietary guidelines and all-cause mortality, and 2) the difference in greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) from diets of participants with higher and lower adherence to the Swedish dietary guidelines. Methods Dietary data from the Swedish population-based cohort Västerbotten Intervention Programme (49,124 women and 47,651 men, 35–65 years at baseline), collected between the years 1990–2016, were used. Diet quality was assessed by the Swedish Healthy Eating Index for Adults 2015 (SHEIA15). SHEIA15 is based on the Swedish dietary guidelines from 2015, and includes assessments of intakes of vegetables and fruits, seafood, whole grains, fiber, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, red and processed meat and added sugar. GHGE of diets were estimated from life cycle assessment data, including CO2e from primary production to industry gate. Information on all-cause mortality was acquired from registers at the National Board of Health and Welfare in Sweden using personal identification numbers. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, comparing the lowest and highest quintile of SHEIA15 score. Potential confounders were adjusted for. Difference in GHGE of diets was compared between the lowest and highest quintile of SHEIA15 score, using the Mann Whitney U test. Results Median follow-up times were for women 16.0 years and for men 14.7 years, during which time 3074 women and 4212 men died. For women the highest SHEIA15 score was associated with lower mortality compared with the lowest score (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.77, 0.98; P = 0.027). No statistically significant difference in HR of mortality was found for the men with the highest SHEIA15 score compared with the lowest score (HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.01; P = 0.083). The participants with the highest score of SHEIA15 had lower dietary GHGE compared to those with the lowest score in both women and men (P < 0.001). Conclusions Higher adherence to the Swedish dietary guidelines, estimated by SHEIA15, was associated with lower all-cause mortality for women, but not for men, and indicated lower GHGE from diets for both women and men. Funding Sources The Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Formas).
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| 10. |
- Suh, HyunGyu, et al.
(författare)
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Hypertonic Saline Infusion Acutely Degrades Mood in Healthy Volunteers (P23-014-19)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Current Development in Nutrition. - 2475-2991. ; 3:Suppl 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Mild and moderate dehydration adversely affect mood and cognitive function. During dehydration, hypertonic hypovolemia activates both osmo- and baro-receptors but it is not known which physiological pathway is associated with degraded mood state. This study examined the acute effect of osmoreceptor stimulation on mood.Methods: Sixty healthy adults (50% females, 30 ± 1 y; BMI: 26.9 ± 4.0 kg·m-2) were infused intravenously with 3.0% (HYPER) or 0.9% (ISO) NaCl for 2 h (0.1 ml·kg-1·min-1) using a counterbalanced, crossover design. Blood samples were collected every 30 minutes to measure plasma osmolality (POsm), copeptin (a surrogate marker of vasopressin), and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) hormones. Mood was assessed with the short version of Profile of Mood State (POMS) questionnaire before and after the infusion.Results: POsm and copeptin increased from 286 ± 3 mmol·kg-1 to 305 ± 4 mmol·kg-1 and from 4.5 ± 3.7 pmol·L-1 to 20.4 ± 12.8 pmol·L-1, respectively in HYPER (P < 0.05), and were unchanged in ISO (P > 0.05). No hormonal differences were observed between trials for RAAS hormones (P > 0.05). During HYPER copeptin, following the 2-h infusion, was greater in females than in males (female: 23.4 ± 13.9 pmol·L-1, male: 17.4 ± 10.9 pmol·L-1; P < 0.05). The POMS total mood disturbance (TMD) score increased from 10.5 ± 0.9 to 16.5 ± 1.6 in HYPER (P < 0.05), but not in ISO (P > 0.05). Among POMS subscales, depression-dejection and fatigue-inertia increased in HYPER compared to ISO (P < 0.05). When TMD responses in the HYPER trial were analyzed with sex as a between-subjects factor, the increase was significant in females (pre: 10.2 ± 1.0, post: 18.6 ± 2.3; P < 0.001) but not in males (pre: 10.8 ± 1.4, post: 14.0 ± 2.0; P > 0.05). The confusion-bewilderment subscales and fatigue-inertia of the POMS were also elevated post HYPER in females (P < 0.05), but not in ISO (P > 0.05) in either sex.Conclusions: Hypertonic saline infusion acutely degrades mood state, and women appear to have a more pronounced response. The underlying mechanisms remain to be determined but may be related to higher copeptin levels in women.The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02761434.Funding Sources: Danone Research.Supporting Tables Images and/or Graphs:
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