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1.	Aarrestad, Thea, et al. (författare) Benchmark data and model independent event classification for the large hadron collider 2022 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - 2542-4653. ; 12:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We describe the outcome of a data challenge conducted as part of the Dark Machines (https://www.darkmachines.org) initiative and the Les Houches 2019 workshop on Physics at TeV colliders. The challenged aims to detect signals of new physics at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) using unsupervised machine learning algorithms. First, we propose how an anomaly score could be implemented to define model-independent signal regions in LHC searches. We define and describe a large benchmark dataset, consisting of > 1 billion simulated LHC events corresponding to 10 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. We then review a wide range of anomaly detection and density estimation algorithms, developed in the context of the data challenge, and we measure their performance in a set of realistic analysis environments. We draw a number of useful conclusions that will aid the development of unsupervised new physics searches during the third run of the LHC, and provide our benchmark dataset for future studies at https://www.phenoMLdata.org. Code to reproduce the analysis is provided at https://github.com/bostdiek/DarkMachines-UnsupervisedChallenge.
2.	Abdallah, Waleed, et al. (författare) Reinterpretation of LHC results for new physics: Status and recommendations after run 2 2020 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - 2542-4653. ; 9:2, s. 1-45 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We report on the status of efforts to improve the reinterpretation of searches and measurements at the LHC in terms of models for new physics, in the context of the LHC Reinterpretation Forum. We detail current experimental offerings in direct searches for new particles, measurements, technical implementations and Open Data, and provide a set of recommendations for further improving the presentation of LHC results in order to better enable reinterpretation in the future. We also provide a brief description of existing software reinterpretation frameworks and recent global analyses of new physics that make use of the current data. © 2020 SciPost Foundation. All right reserved
3.	Ahari, Mostafa Tanhayi, et al. (författare) Partons as unique ground states of quantum Hall parent Hamiltonians : The case of Fibonacci anyons 2023 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : Stichting SciPost. - 2542-4653. ; 15:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We present microscopic, multiple Landau level, (frustration-free and positive semi-definite) parent Hamiltonians whose ground states, realizing different quantum Hall fluids, are parton-like and whose excitations display either Abelian or non-Abelian braiding statistics. We prove ground state energy monotonicity theorems for systems with different particle numbers in multiple Landau levels, demonstrate S-duality in the case of toroidal geometry, and establish complete sets of zero modes of special Hamiltonians stabilizing parton-like states, specifically at filling factor ν = 2/3. The emergent Entangled Pauli Principle (EPP), introduced in Phys. Rev. B 98, 161118(R) (2018) and which defines the “DNA” of the quantum Hall fluid, is behind the exact determination of the topological characteristics of the fluid, including charge and braiding statistics of excitations, and effective edge theory descriptions. When the closed-shell condition is satisfied, the densest (i.e., the highest density and lowest total angular momentum) zero-energy mode is a unique parton state. We conjecture that parton-like states generally span the subspace of many-body wave functions with the two-body M-clustering property within any given number of Landau levels, that is, wave functions with Mth-order coincidence plane zeroes and both holomorphic and anti-holomorphic dependence on variables. General arguments are supplemented by rigorous considerations for the M = 3 case of fermions in four Landau levels. For this case, we establish that the zero mode counting can be done by enumerating certain patterns consistent with an underlying EPP. We apply the coherent state approach of Phys. Rev. X 1, 021015 (2011) to show that the elementary (localized) bulk excitations are Fibonacci anyons. This demonstrates that the DNA associated with fractional quantum Hall states encodes all universal properties. Specifically, for parton-like states, we establish a link with tensor network structures of finite bond dimension that emerge via root level entanglement.
4.	Anous, Tarek, et al. (författare) A general definition of JTa — deformed QFTs 2021 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - 2542-4653. ; 10:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We propose a general path-integral definition of two-dimensional quantum field theories deformed by an integrable, irrelevant vector operator constructed from the components of the stress tensor and those of a U (1) current. The deformed theory is obtained by coupling the original QFT to a flat dynamical gauge field and half a flat dynamical vielbein. The resulting partition function is shown to satisfy a geometric flow equation, which perfectly reproduces the flow equations for the deformed energy levels that were previously derived in the literature. The S-matrix of the deformed QFT differs from the original S-matrix only by an overall phase factor that depends on the charges and momenta of the external particles, thus supporting the conjecture that such QFTs are UV complete, although intrinsically non-local. For the special case of an integrable QFT, we check that this phase factor precisely reproduces the change in the finite-size spectrum via the Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz equations.
5.	Baiguera, Stefano, et al. (författare) Conformal Carroll scalars with boosts 2023 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : Stichting SciPost. - 2542-4653. ; 14:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We construct two distinct actions for scalar fields that are invariant under local Carroll boosts and Weyl transformations. Conformal Carroll field theories were recently argued to be related to the celestial holography description of asymptotically flat spacetimes. However, only few explicit examples of such theories are known, and they lack local Carroll boost symmetry on a generic curved background. We derive two types of conformal Carroll scalar actions with boost symmetry on a curved background in any dimension and compute their energy-momentum tensors, which are traceless. In the first type of theories, time derivatives dominate and spatial derivatives are suppressed. In the second type, spatial derivatives dominate, and constraints are present to ensure local boost invariance. By integrating out these constraints, we show that the spatial conformal Carroll theories can be reduced to lower-dimensional Euclidean CFTs, which is reminiscent of the embedding space construction.
6.	Banerjee, Avik, 1992, et al. (författare) Fingerprints of freeze-in dark matter in an early matter-dominated era 2022 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - 2542-4653. ; 13:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We study the impact of an alternate cosmological history with an early matter-dominated epoch on the freeze-in production of dark matter. Such early matter domination is triggered by a meta-stable matter field dissipating into radiation. In general, the dissipation rate has a non-trivial temperature and scale factor dependence. Compared to the usual case of dark matter production via the freeze-in mechanism in a radiation-dominated universe, in this scenario, orders of magnitude larger coupling between the visible and the dark sector can be accommodated. Finally, as a proof of principle, we consider a specific model where the dark matter is produced by a sub-GeV dark photon having a kinetic mixing with the Standard Model photon. We point out that the parameter space of this model can be probed by the experiments in the presence of an early matter-dominated era.
7.	Banerjee, Souvik, et al. (författare) A bound on thermal relativistic correlators at large spacelike momenta 2020 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : SCIPOST FOUNDATION. - 2542-4653. ; 8:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We consider thermal Wightman correlators in a relativistic quantum field theory in the limit where the spatial momenta of the insertions become large while their frequencies stay fixed. We show that, in this limit, the size of these correlators is bounded by e(-beta R), where R is the radius of the smallest sphere that contains the polygon formed by the momenta. We show that perturbative quantum field theories can saturate this bound through suitably high-order loop diagrams. We also consider holographic theories in d-spacetime dimensions, where we show that the leading two-point function of generalized free-fields saturates the bound in d = 2 and is below the bound for d > 2. We briefly discuss interactions in holographic theories and conclude with a discussion of several open problems.
8.	Bhardwaj, Lakshya, et al. (författare) Non-invertible higher-categorical symmetries 2023 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : Stichting SciPost. - 2542-4653. ; 14:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We sketch a procedure to capture general non-invertible symmetries of a d-dimensional quantum field theory in the data of a higher-category, which captures the local properties of topological defects associated to the symmetries. We also discuss fusions of topological defects, which involve condensations/gaugings of higher-categorical symmetries localized on the worldvolumes of topological defects. Recently some fusions of topological defects were discussed in the literature where the dimension of topological defects seems to jump under fusion. This is not possible in the standard description of higher-categories. We explain that the dimension-changing fusions are understood as higher-morphisms of the higher-category describing the symmetry. We also discuss how a 0-form sub-symmetry of a higher-categorical symmetry can be gauged and describe the higher-categorical symmetry of the theory obtained after gauging. This provides a procedure for constructing non-invertible higher-categorical symmetries starting from invertible higher-form or higher-group symmetries and gauging a 0-form symmetry. We illustrate this procedure by constructing non-invertible 2-categorical symmetries in 4d gauge theories and non-invertible 3-categorical symmetries in 5d and 6d theories. We check some of the results obtained using our approach against the results obtained using a recently proposed approach based on’t Hooft anomalies.
9.	Bhardwaj, Lakshya, et al. (författare) Non-invertible symmetry webs 2023 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : Stichting SciPost. - 2542-4653. ; 15:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Non-invertible symmetries have by now seen numerous constructions in higher dimensional Quantum Field Theories (QFT). In this paper we provide an in depth study of gauging 0-form symmetries in the presence of non-invertible symmetries. The starting point of our analysis is a theory with G 0-form symmetry, and we propose a description of sequential partial gaugings of sub-symmetries. The gauging implements the theta-symmetry defects of the companion paper [1]. The resulting network of symmetry structures related by this gauging will be called a non-invertible symmetry web. Our formulation makes direct contact with fusion 2-categories, and we uncover numerous interesting structures such as symmetry fractionalization in this categorical setting. The complete symmetry web is derived for several groups G, and we propose extensions to higher dimensions. The highlight of this analysis is the complete categorical symmetry web, including non-invertible symmetries, for 3d pure gauge theories with orthogonal gauge groups and its extension to arbitrary dimensions.
10.	Bhardwaj, Lakshya, et al. (författare) Unifying constructions of non-invertible symmetries 2023 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : SciPost Foundation. - 2542-4653. ; 15:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In the past year several constructions of non-invertible symmetries in Quantum Field Theory in d ≥ 3 have appeared. In this paper we provide a unified perspective on these constructions. Central to this framework are so-called theta defects, which generalize the notion of theta-angles, and allow the construction of universal and non-universal topological symmetry defects. We complement this physical analysis by proposing a mathematical framework (based on higher-fusion categories) that converts the physical construction of non-invertible symmetries into a concrete computational scheme.
11.	Bierlich, Christian, et al. (författare) A comprehensive guide to the physics and usage of PYTHIA 8.3 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - 2542-4653. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
12.	Bierlich, Christian, et al. (författare) Jet modifications from colour rope formation in dense systems of non-parallel strings 2022 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - 2542-4653. ; 13:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We revisit our rope model for string fragmentation that has been shown to give a reasonable description of strangeness and baryon enhancement in high-multiplicity pp events at the LHC. A key feature of the model is that the enhancement is driven by the increased string tension due to strings overlapping in dense systems. By introducing an improved space–time picture for the overlap between fragmenting strings, where also non-parallel strings are properly taken into account, we are now able to investigate the enhancement both in jets and in the underlying event in a consistent way.
13.	Bierlich, Christian, et al. (författare) Robust independent validation of experiment and theory : RIVET version 3 2020 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - 2542-4653. ; 8:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract First released in 2010, the RIVET library forms an important repository for analysis code, facilitating comparisons between measurements of the final state in particle collisions and theoretical calculations of those final states. We give an overview of RIVET’s current design and implementation, its uptake for analysis preservation and physics results, and summarise recent developments including propagation of MC systematic-uncertainty weights, heavy-ion and ep physics, and systems for detector emulation. In addition, we provide a short user guide that supplements and updates the RIVET user manual.
14.	Bissi, Agnese, et al. (författare) Positivity, low twist dominance and CSDR for CFTs 2023 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : Stichting SciPost. - 2542-4653. ; 14:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We consider a crossing symmetric dispersion relation (CSDR) for CFT four point correla-tion with identical scalar operators, which is manifestly symmetric under the cross-ratios u, v interchange. This representation has several features in common with the CSDR for quantum field theories. It enables a study of the expansion of the correlation function around u = v = 1/4, which is used in the numerical conformal bootstrap program. We elucidate several remarkable features of the dispersive representation using the four point correlation function of phi 1,2 operators in 2d minimal models as a test-bed. When 1 the dimension of the external scalar operator ( increment sigma) is less than 2 , the CSDR gets con-tribution from only a single tower of global primary operators with the second tower being projected out. We find that there is a notion of low twist dominance (LTD) which, as a function of increment sigma, is maximized near the 2d Ising model as well as the non-unitary Yang-Lee model. The CSDR and LTD further explain positivity of the Taylor expansion coefficients of the correlation function around the crossing symmetric point and lead to universal predictions for specific ratios of these coefficients. These results carry over to the epsilon expansion in 4 - epsilon dimensions. We also conduct a preliminary investigation of geometric function theory ideas, namely the Bieberbach-Rogosinski bounds.
15.	Borla, Umberto, et al. (författare) Gauging the Kitaev chain 2021 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : SciPost Foundation. - 2542-4653. ; 10:6 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We gauge the fermion parity symmetry of the Kitaev chain. While the bulk of the model becomes an Ising chain of gauge-invariant spins in a tilted field, near the boundaries the global fermion parity symmetry survives gauging, leading to local gauge-invariant Majorana operators. In the absence of vortices, the Higgs phase exhibits fermionic symmetry-protected topological (SPT) order distinct from the Kitaev chain. Moreover, the deconfined phase can be stable even in the presence of vortices. We also undertake a comprehensive study of a gently gauged model which interpolates between the ordinary and gauged Kitaev chains. This showcases rich quantum criticality and illuminates the topological nature of the Higgs phase. Even in the absence of superconducting terms, gauging leads to an SPT phase which is intrinsically gapless due to an emergent anomaly.
16.	Bramberger, Max, et al. (författare) Formation of CuO2 sublattices by suppression of interlattice correlations in tetragonal CuO 2023 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - 2542-4653. ; 14:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We investigate the tetragonal phase of the binary transition metal oxide CuO (t-CuO) within the context of cellular dynamical mean-field theory. Due to its strong antiferromagnetic correlations and simple structure, analysing the physics of t-CuO is of high interest as it may pave the way towards a more complete understanding of high-temperature superconductivity in hole-doped antiferromagnets. In this work we give a formal justification for the weak-coupling assumption that has previously been made for the interconnected sublattices within a single layer of t-CuO by studying the non-local self-energies of the system. We compute momentum-resolved spectral functions using a Matrix Product State (MPS)-based impurity solver directly on the real axis, which does not require any numerically ill-conditioned analytic continuation. The agreement with photoemission spectroscopy indicates that a single-band Hubbard model is sufficient to capture the material’s low energy physics. We perform calculations on a range of different temperatures, finding two magnetic regimes, for which we identify the driving mechanism behind their respective insulating state. Finally, we show that in the hole-doped regime the sublattice structure of t-CuO has interesting consequences on the symmetry of the superconducting state.
17.	Brivio, Ilaria, et al. (författare) To profile or to marginalize : A SMEFT case study 2024 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : Stichting SciPost. - 2542-4653. ; 16:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Global SMEFT analyses have become a key interpretation framework for LHC physics, quantifying how well a large set of kinematic measurements agrees with the Standard Model. This agreement is encoded in measured Wilson coefficients and their uncertainties. A technical challenge of global analyses are correlations. We compare, for the first time, results from a profile likelihood and a Bayesian marginalization for a given data set with a comprehensive uncertainty treatment. Using the validated Bayesian framework we analyse a series of new kinematic measurements. For the updated dataset we find and explain differences between the marginalization and profile likelihood treatments.
18.	Buarque Franzosi, Diogo, 1983, et al. (författare) Anomalous dimensions of potential top-partners 2019 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - 2542-4653. ; 7:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We discuss anomalous dimensions of top-partner candidates in theories of Partial Compositeness. First, we revisit, confirm and extend the computation by DeGrand and Shamir of anomalous dimensions of fermionic trilinears. We present general results applicable to all matter representations and to composite operators of any allowed spin. We then ask the question of whether it is reasonable to expect some models to have composite operators of sufficiently large anomalous dimension to serve as top-partners. While this question can be answered conclusively only by lattice gauge theory, within perturbation theory we find that such values could well occur for some specific models. In the Appendix we collect a number of practical group theory results for fourth-order invariants of general interest in gauge theories with many irreducible representations of fermions.
19.	Buarque Franzosi, Diogo, 1983, et al. (författare) Pseudoscalar pair production via off-shell Higgs in composite Higgs models 2020 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - 2542-4653. ; 9:077 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We propose a new type of search for a pseudoscalar particle η pair produced via an off-shell Higgs, pp→h∗→ηη. The search is motivated by a composite Higgs model in which the η is extremely narrow and decays almost exclusively into Zγ in the mass range 65 GeV≲mη≲160 GeV. We devise an analysis strategy to observe the novel ZγZγ channel and estimate potential bounds on the Higgs-η coupling. The experimental sensitivity to the signatures depends on the power to identify fake photons and on the ability to predict large photon multiplicities. This search allows us to exclude large values of the compositeness scale f, being thus complementary to other typical processes.
20.	Chen-Lin, Xinyi (författare) Symmetric Wilson Loops beyond leading order 2016 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : SCIPOST FOUNDATION. - 2542-4653. ; 1:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We study the circular Wilson loop in the symmetric representation of U(N) in N = 4 super-Yang-Mills (SYM). In the large N limit, we computed the exponentially-suppressed corrections for strong coupling, which suggests non-perturbative physics in the dual holographic theory. We also computed the next-to-leading order term in 1/N, and the result matches with the exact result from the k-fundamental representation.
21.	Choo, Kenny, et al. (författare) Thermal and dissipative effects on the heating transition in a driven critical system 2022 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : Stichting SciPost. - 2542-4653. ; 13:5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We study the dissipative dynamics of a periodically driven inhomogeneous critical lattice model in one dimension. The closed system dynamics starting from pure initial states is well-described by a driven Conformal Field Theory (CFT), which predicts the existence of both heating and non-heating phases in such systems. Heating is inhomogeneous and is manifested via the emergence of black-hole like horizons in the system. The robustness of this CFT phenomenology when considering thermal initial states and open systems remains elusive. First, we present analytical results for the Floquet CFT time evolution for thermal initial states. Moreover, using exact calculations of the time evolution of the lattice density matrix, we demonstrate that for short and intermediate times, the closed system phase diagram comprising heating and non-heating phases, persists for thermal initial states on the lattice. Secondly, in the fully open system with boundary dissipators, we show that the nontrivial spatial structure of the heating phase survives particle-conserving and non-conserving dissipations through clear signatures in mutual information and energy density evolution.
22.	Closset, Cyril, et al. (författare) Five-dimensional SCFTs and gauge theory phases : an M-theory/type IIA perspective 2019 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - 2542-4653. ; 6:5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We revisit the correspondence between Calabi-Yau (CY) threefold isolated singularities X and five-dimensional superconformal field theories (SCFTs), which arise at low energy in M-theory on the space-time transverse to X. Focussing on the case of toric CY singularities, we analyze the "gauge-theory phases" of the SCFT by exploiting fiberwise M-theory/type IIA duality. In this setup, the low-energy gauge group simply arises on stacks of coincident D6-branes wrapping 2-cycles in some ALE space of type AM−1 fibered over a real line, and the map between the K\"ahler parameters of X and the Coulomb branch parameters of the field theory (masses and VEVs) can be read off systematically. Different type IIA "reductions" give rise to different gauge theory phases, whose existence depends on the particular (partial) resolutions of the isolated singularity X. We also comment on the case of non-isolated toric singularities. Incidentally, we propose a slightly modified expression for the Coulomb-branch prepotential of 5d N=1 gauge theories.
23.	Cranmer, Kyle, et al. (författare) Publishing statistical models : Getting the most out of particle physics experiments 2022 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - 2542-4653. ; 12:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The statistical models used to derive the results of experimental analyses are of incredible scientific value and are essential information for analysis preservation and reuse. In this paper, we make the scientific case for systematically publishing the full statistical models and discuss the technical developments that make this practical. By means of a variety of physics cases - including parton distribution functions, Higgs boson measurements, effective field theory interpretations, direct searches for new physics, heavy flavor physics, direct dark matter detection, world averages, and beyond the Standard Model global fits - we illustrate how detailed information on the statistical modelling can enhance the short- and long-term impact of experimental results.
24.	Datta, Shouvik, et al. (författare) Marginal quenches and drives in Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids 2023 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : Stichting SciPost. - 2542-4653. ; 14:5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We study Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids thrown out of equilibrium by marginal deformations in the form of interaction modulations. This is modeled by quenching or periodically driving the Luttinger parameter or, equivalently, the compactification radius of the free boson conformal field theory between two different values. We obtain exact analytical results for the evolution of the Loschmidt echo and observables such as the particle and energy densities. Starting from generic initial states, the quench dynamics are shown to exhibit revivals and temporal orthogonalities. For the periodic drive, we show stability or instability of time-evolved physical quantities dependent on the drive parameters. We also compare the corresponding marginally deformed thermal density matrices by non-perturbatively evaluating their Rényi divergence as a Euclidean quench. All the dynamics are shown to be crucially dependent on the ratio of the Luttinger parameters, which corresponds to the Zamolodchikov distance in the space of marginal deformations. Our setup is equivalently interpreted as the dynamics of the bosonic string upon instantaneous changes of the target-space radius.
25.	Day, Isidora Araya, et al. (författare) Pfaffian invariant identifies magnetic obstructed atomic insulators 2023 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - 2542-4653. ; 15:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We derive a Z4 topological invariant that extends beyond symmetry eigenvalues and Wilson loops and classifies two-dimensional insulators with a C4T symmetry. To formulate this invariant, we consider an irreducible Brillouin zone and constrain the spectrum of the open Wilson lines that compose its boundary. We fix the gauge ambiguity of the Wilson lines by using the Pfaffian at high symmetry momenta. As a result, we distinguish the four C4T-protected atomic insulators, each of which is adiabatically connected to a different atomic limit. We establish the correspondence between the invariant and the obstructed phases by constructing both the atomic limit Hamiltonians and a C4T-symmetric model that interpolates between them. The phase diagram shows that C4T insulators allow ±1 and 2 changes of the invariant, where the latter is overlooked by symmetry indicators.
26.	de Boer, Jan, et al. (författare) Non-boost invariant fluid dynamics 2020 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : Stichting SciPost. - 2542-4653. ; 9:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We consider uncharged fluids without any boost symmetry on an arbitrary curved background and classify all allowed transport coefficients up to first order in derivatives. We assume rotational symmetry and we use the entropy current formalism. The curved background geometry in the absence of boost symmetry is called absolute or Aristotelian spacetime. We present a closed-form expression for the energy-momentum tensor in Landau frame which splits into three parts: a dissipative (10), a hydrostatic non-dissipative (2) and a non-hydrostatic non-dissipative part (4), where in parenthesis we have indicated the number of allowed transport coefficients. The non-hydrostatic non-dissipative transport coefficients can be thought of as the generalization of coefficients that would vanish if we were to restrict to linearized perturbations and impose the Onsager relations. For the two hydrostatic and the four non-hydrostatic non-dissipative transport coefficients we present a Lagrangian description. Finally when we impose scale invariance, thus restricting to Lifshitz fluids, we find 7 dissipative, 1 hydrostatic and 2 non-hydrostatic non-dissipative transport coefficients.
27.	de Juan, F., et al. (författare) Conditions for fully gapped topological superconductivity in topological insulator nanowires 2019 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : SciPost Foundation. - 2542-4653. ; 6:5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Among the different platforms to engineer Majorana fermions in one-dimensional topological superconductors, topological insulator nanowires remain a promising option. Threading an odd number of flux quanta through these wires induces an odd number of surface channels, which can then be gapped with proximity induced pairing. Because of the flux and depending on energetics, the phase of this surface pairing may or may not wind around the wire in the form of a vortex. Here we show that for wires with discrete rotational symmetry, this vortex is necessary to produce a fully gapped topological superconductor with localized Majorana end states. Without a vortex the proximitized wire remains gapless, and it is only if the symmetry is broken by disorder that a gap develops, which is much smaller than the one obtained with a vortex. These results are explained with the help of a continuum model and validated numerically with a tight binding model, and highlight the benefit of a vortex for reliable use of Majorana fermions in this platform. Copyright F. de Juan et al.
28.	Del Monte, Fabrizio, et al. (författare) The threefold way to quantum periods : WKB, TBA equations and q-Painlevé 2023 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : SCIPOST FOUNDATION. - 2542-4653. ; 15:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We show that TBA equations defined by the BPS spectrum of 5d N = 1 SU(2) Yang-Mills on S1 x R4 encode the q-Painleve III3 equation. We find a fine-tuned stratum in the physical moduli space of the theory where solutions to TBA equations can be obtained exactly, and verify that they agree with the algebraic solutions to q-Painleve. Switching from the physical moduli space to that of stability conditions, we identify two one-parameter deformations of the fine-tuned stratum, where the general solution of the q-Painleve equation in terms of dual instanton partition functions continues to provide explicit TBA solutions. Motivated by these observations, we propose a further extensions of the range of validity of this correspondence, under a suitable identification of moduli. As further checks of our proposal, we study the behavior of exact WKB quantum periods for the quantum curve of local P1 x P1.
29.	Del Zotto, Michele, et al. (författare) 2-Group symmetries and M-theory 2022 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : SciPost. - 2542-4653. ; 13:5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Quantum Field Theories engineered in M-theory can have 2-group symmetries, mixing 0-form and 1-form symmetry backgrounds in non-trivial ways. In this paper we develop methods for determining the 2-group structure from the boundary geometry of the Mtheory background. We illustrate these methods in the case of 5d theories arising from Mtheory on ordinary and generalised toric Calabi-Yau cones, including cases in which the resulting theory is non-Lagrangian. Our results confirm and elucidate previous results on 2-groups from geometric engineering.
30.	Delacretaz, Luca V., et al. (författare) Bad metals from fluctuating density waves 2017 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : Scipost Foundation. - 2542-4653. ; 3:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Bad metals have a large resistivity without being strongly disordered. In many bad metals the Drude peak moves away from zero frequency as the resistivity becomes large at increasing temperatures. We catalogue the position and width of the ` displaced Drude peak' in the observed optical conductivity of several families of bad metals, showing that omega(peak) similar to Delta omega similar to k(B)T /(h) over bar. This is the same quantum critical timescale that underpins the T-linear dc resistivity of many of these materials. We provide a unified theoretical description of the optical and dc transport properties of bad metals in terms of the hydrodynamics of short range quantum critical fluctuations of incommensurate density wave order. Within hydrodynamics, pinned translational order is essential to obtain the nonzero frequency peak.
31.	Delcamp, Clement, et al. (författare) Higher categorical symmetries and gauging in two-dimensional spin systems 2024 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : SciPost Foundation. - 2542-4653. ; 16:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We present a framework to systematically investigate higher categorical symmetries in two-dimensional spin systems. Though exotic, such generalised symmetries have been shown to naturally arise as dual symmetries upon gauging invertible symmetries. Our framework relies on an approach to dualities whereby dual quantum lattice models only differ in a choice of module 2-category over some input fusion 2-category. Given an arbitrary two-dimensional spin system with an ordinary symmetry, we explain how to perform the (twisted) gauging of any of its sub-symmetries. We then demonstrate that the resulting model has a symmetry structure encoded into the Morita dual of the input fusion 2-category with respect to the corresponding module 2-category. We exemplify this approach by specialising to certain finite group generalisations of the transversefield Ising model, for which we explicitly define lattice symmetry operators organised into fusion 2-categories of higher representations of higher groups.
32.	Deng, Xiaolong, et al. (författare) Anisotropy-mediated reentrant localization 2022 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : Stichting SciPost. - 2542-4653. ; 13:5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We consider a 2d dipolar system, d = 2, with the generalized dipole-dipole interaction similar to r(-a), and the power a controlled experimentally in trapped-ion or Rydberg-atom systems via their interaction with cavity modes. We focus on the dilute dipolar excitation case when the problem can be effectively considered as single-particle with the interaction providing long-range dipolar-like hopping. We show that the spatially homogeneous tilt beta of the dipoles giving rise to the anisotropic dipole exchange leads to the non-trivial reentrant localization beyond the locator expansion, a < d, unlike the models with random dipole orientation. The Anderson transitions are found to occur at the finite values of the tilt parameter beta = a, 0 < a < d, and beta = a =(a d =2), d =2 < a < d, showing the robustness of the localization at small and large anisotropy values. Both exact analytical methods and extensive numerical calculations show power-law localized eigenstates in the bulk of the spectrum, obeying recently discovered duality a <-> 2d -a of their spatial decay rate, on the localized side of the transition, a > a(AT). This localization emerges due to the presence of the ergodic extended states at either spectral edge, which constitute a zero fraction of states in the thermodynamic limit, decaying though extremely slowly with the system size.
33.	Donnay, Laura, et al. (författare) p-forms on the celestial sphere 2023 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : Stichting SciPost. - 2542-4653. ; 15:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We construct a basis of conformal primary wavefunctions (CPWs) for p-form fields in any dimension, calculating their scalar products and exhibiting the change of basis between conventional plane wave and CPW mode expansions. We also perform the analysis of the associated shadow transforms. For each family of p-form CPWs, we observe the existence of pure gauge wavefunctions of conformal dimension increment = p, while shadow p-forms of this weight are only pure gauge in the critical spacetime dimension value D = 2p + 2. We then provide a systematic technique to obtain the large -r asymptotic limit near .Q based on the method of regions, which naturally takes into account the presence of both ordinary and contact terms on the celestial sphere. In D = 4, this allows us to reformulate in a conformal primary language the links between scalars and dual two-forms.
34.	Edison, Alex, et al. (författare) Gravity loop integrands from the ultraviolet 2021 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : Stichting SciPost. - 2542-4653. ; 10:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We demonstrate that loop integrands of (super-)gravity scattering amplitudes possess surprising properties in the ultraviolet (UV) region. In particular, we study the scaling of multi-particle unitarity cuts for asymptotically large momenta and expose an improved UV behavior of four-dimensional cuts through seven loops as compared to standard expectations. For N = 8 supergravity, we show that the improved large momentum scaling combined with the behavior of the integrand under BCFW deformations of external kinematics uniquely fixes the loop integrands in a number of non-trivial cases. In the integrand construction, all scaling conditions are homogeneous. Therefore, the only required information about the amplitude is its vanishing at particular points in momentum space. This homogeneous construction gives indirect evidence for a new geometric picture for graviton amplitudes similar to the one found for planar N = 4 super Yang-Mills theory. We also show how the behavior at infinity is related to the scaling of tree-level amplitudes under certain multi-line chiral shifts which can be used to construct new recursion relations.
35.	Erdmenger, Johanna, et al. (författare) Towards quantifying information flows : Relative entropy in deep neural networks and the renormalization group 2022 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : Stichting SciPost. - 2542-4653. ; 12:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We investigate the analogy between the renormalization group (RG) and deep neural networks, wherein subsequent layers of neurons are analogous to successive steps along the RG. In particular, we quantify the flow of information by explicitly computing the relative entropy or Kullback-Leibler divergence in both the one- and two-dimensional Ising models under decimation RG, as well as in a feedforward neural network as a function of depth. We observe qualitatively identical behavior characterized by the monotonic increase to a parameter-dependent asymptotic value. On the quantum field theory side, the monotonic increase confirms the connection between the relative entropy and the c-theorem. For the neural networks, the asymptotic behavior may have implications for various information maximization methods in machine learning, as well as for disentangling compactness and generalizability. Furthermore, while both the two-dimensional Ising model and the random neural networks we consider exhibit non-trivial critical points, the relative entropy appears insensitive to the phase structure of either system. In this sense, more refined probes are required in order to fully elucidate the flow of information in these models.
36.	Facio, Jorge, et al. (författare) Engineering a pure Dirac regime in ZrTe5 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - 2542-4653. Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Real-world topological semimetals typically exhibit Dirac and Weyl nodes that coexist with trivial Fermi pockets. This tends to mask the physics of the relativistic quasiparticles. Using the example of ZrTe5, we show that strain provides a powerful tool for in-situ tuning of the band structure such that all trivial pockets are pushed far away from the Fermi energy, but only for a certain range of Van der Waals gaps. Our results naturally reconcile contradicting reports on the presence or absence of additional pockets in ZrTe5, and provide a clear map of where to find a pure three-dimensional Dirac semimetallic phase in the structural parameter space of the material.
37.	Facio, Jorge I., et al. (författare) Engineering a pure Dirac regime in ZrTe5 2023 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : Stichting SciPost. - 2542-4653. ; 14:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Real-world topological semimetals typically exhibit Dirac and Weyl nodes that coexist with trivial Fermi pockets. This tends to mask the physics of the relativistic quasiparti-cles. Using the example of ZrTe5, we show that strain provides a powerful tool for in-situ tuning of the band structure such that all trivial pockets are pushed far away from the Fermi energy, but only for a certain range of Van der Waals gaps. Our results naturally reconcile contradicting reports on the presence or absence of additional pockets in ZrTe5, and provide a clear map of where to find a pure three-dimensional Dirac semimetallic phase in the structural parameter space of the material.
38.	Gellersen, Leif, et al. (författare) Coloring mixed QCD/QED evolution 2022 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - 2542-4653. ; 13:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Parton showers are crucial components of high-energy physics calculations. Improving their modelling of QCD is an active research area since shower approximations are stumbling blocks for precision event generators. Naively, the interference between subdominant Standard-Model interactions and QCD can be of similar size to subleading QCD corrections. This article assesses the impact of QCD/QED interference effects in parton showers, by developing a sophisticated shower including QED, QCD at fixed color, and employing complete tree-level matrix element corrections for individual NC = 3 color configurations to embed interference. The resulting simulation indicates that QCD/QED interference effects are small for a simple test case and dwarfed by electro-weak resonance effects.
39.	Gopalakrishna, Megha, et al. (författare) Photon pumping, photodissociation and dissipation at interplay for the fluorescence of a molecule in a cavity 2023 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - 2542-4653. ; 15:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We introduce a model description of a diatomic molecule in an optical cavity, with pump and fluorescent fields, and electron and nuclear motion are treated on equal footing and exactly. The model accounts for several optical response temporal scenarios: A Mollow spectrum hindered by electron correlations, a competition of harmonic generation and molecular dissociation, a dependence of fluorescence on photon pumping rate and dissipation. It is thus a general and flexible template for insight into experiments where quantum photon confinement, leakage, nuclear motion and electronic correlations are at interplay.
40.	Gran, Ulf, 1973, et al. (författare) Plasmons in holographic graphene 2020 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : SCIPOST FOUNDATION. - 2542-4653. ; 8:6 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We demonstrate how self-sourced collective modes - of which the plasmon is a prominent example due to its relevance in modern technological applications - are identified in strongly correlated systems described by holographic Maxwell theories. The characteristic ω ∝ pk plasmon dispersion for 2D materials, such as graphene, naturally emerges from this formalism. We also demonstrate this by constructing the first holographic model containing this feature. This provides new insight into modeling such systems from a holographic point of view, bottom-up and top-down alike. Beyond that, this method provides a general framework to compute the dynamical charge response of strange metals, which has recently become experimentally accessible due to the novel technique of momentum-resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy (M-EELS). This framework therefore opens up the exciting possibility of testing holographic models for strange metals against actual experimental data.
41.	Grosvenor, Kevin T., et al. (författare) The edge of chaos : Quantum field theory and deep neural networks 2022 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : Stichting SciPost. - 2542-4653. ; 12:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We explicitly construct the quantum field theory corresponding to a general class of deep neural networks encompassing both recurrent and feedforward architectures. We first consider the mean-field theory (MFT) obtained as the leading saddlepoint in the action, and derive the condition for criticality via the largest Lyapunov exponent. We then compute the loop corrections to the correlation function in a perturbative expansion in the ratio of depth T to width N, and find a precise analogy with the well-studied O(N) vector model, in which the variance of the weight initializations plays the role of the 't Hooft coupling. In particular, we compute both the O(1) corrections quantifying fluctuations from typicality in the ensemble of networks, and the subleading O(T IN) corrections due to finite-width effects. These provide corrections to the correlation length that controls the depth to which information can propagate through the network, and thereby sets the scale at which such networks are trainable by gradient descent. Our analysis provides a first-principles approach to the rapidly emerging NN-QFT correspondence, and opens several interesting avenues to the study of criticality in deep neural networks.
42.	Guica, Monica (författare) An integrable Lorentz-breaking deformation of two-dimensional CFTs 2018 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : Stichting SciPost. - 2542-4653. ; 5:5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract It has been recently shown that the deformation of an arbitrary two-dimensional conformal field theory by the composite irrelevant operator T (T) over bar, built from the components of the stress tensor, is solvable; in particular, the finite-size spectrum of the deformed theory can be obtained from that of the original CFT through a universal formula. We study a similarly universal, Lorentz-breaking deformation of two-dimensional CFTs that possess a conserved U (1) current, J. The deformation takes the schematic form J (T) over bar and is interesting because it preserves an SL (2, R)xU (1) subgroup of the original global conformal symmetries. For the case of a purely (anti) chiral current, we find the finite-size spectrum of the deformed theory and study its thermodynamic properties. We test our predictions in a simple example involving deformed free fermions.
43.	Guica, Monica, et al. (författare) Infinite pseudo-conformal symmetries of classical TT¯, JT¯ and JTa - deformed CFTs 2021 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - 2542-4653. ; 11:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We show that T (T) over bar, J (T) over bar and J T-a - deformed classical CFTs posses an infinite set of symmetries that take the form of a field-dependent generalization of two-dimensional conformal transformations. If, in addition, the seed CFTs possess an affine U (1) symmetry, we show that it also survives in the deformed theories, again in a field-dependent form. These symmetries can be understood as the infinitely-extended conformal and U (1) symmetries of the underlying two-dimensional CFT, seen through the prism of the dynamical coordinates that characterise each of these deformations. We also compute the Poisson bracket algebra of the associated conserved charges, using the Hamiltonian formalism. In the case of the J (T) over bar and J T-a deformations, we find two copies of a functional Witt - Kac-Moody algebra. In the case of the T (T) over bar deformation, we show that it is also possible to obtain two commuting copies of the Witt algebra.
44.	Guica, Monica, et al. (författare) On the construction of charged operators inside an eternal black hole 2017 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : SCIPOST FOUNDATION. - 2542-4653. ; 3:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We revisit the holographic construction of (approximately) local bulk operators inside an eternal AdS black hole in terms of operators in the boundary CFTs. If the bulk operator carries charge, the construction must involve a qualitatively new object: a Wilson line that stretches between the two boundaries of the eternal black hole. This operator - more precisely, its zero mode - cannot be expressed in terms of the boundary currents and only exists in entangled states dual to two-sided geometries, which suggests that it is a state-dependent operator. We determine the action of the Wilson line on the relevant subspaces of the total Hilbert space, and show that it behaves as a local operator from the point of view of either CFT. For the case of three bulk dimensions, we give explicit expressions for the charged bulk field and the Wilson line. Furthermore, we show that when acting on the thermofield double state, the Wilson line may be extracted from a limit of certain standard CFT operator expressions. We also comment on the relationship between the Wilson line and previously discussed mirror operators in the eternal black hole.
45.	Guica, Monica (författare) Symmetries versus the spectrum of J¯T - deformed CFTs 2021 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - 2542-4653. ; 10:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract It has been recently shown that classical J¯T - deformed CFTs possess an infinite-dimensional Witt-Ka\v{c}-Moody symmetry, generated by certain field-dependent coordinate and gauge transformations. On a cylinder, however, the equal spacing of the descendants' energies predicted by such a symmetry algebra is inconsistent with the known finite-size spectrum of J¯T - deformed CFTs. Also, the associated quantum symmetry generators do not have a proper action on the Hilbert space. In this article, we resolve this tension by finding a new set of (classical) conserved charges, whose action is consistent with semi-classical quantization, and which are related to the previous symmetry generators by a type of energy-dependent spectral flow. The previous inconsistency between the algebra and the spectrum is resolved because the energy operator does not belong to the spectrally flowed sector.
46.	Guica, Monica, et al. (författare) T¯T and the mirage of a bulk cutoff 2021 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - 2542-4653. ; 10:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We use the variational principle approach to derive the large N holographic dictionary for two-dimensional T (T) over bar -deformed CFTs, for both signs of the deformation parameter. The resulting dual gravitational theory has mixed boundary conditions for the non dynamical graviton; the boundary conditions for matter fields are undeformed. When the matter fields are turned off and the deformation parameter is negative, the mixed boundary conditions for the metric at infinity can be reinterpreted on-shell as Dirichlet boundary conditions at finite bulk radius, in agreement with a previous proposal by McGough, Mezei and Verlinde. The holographic stress tensor of the deformed CFT is fixed by the variational principle, and in pure gravity it coincides with the Brown-York stress tensor on the radial bulk slice with a particular cosmological constant counterterm contribution. In presence of matter fields, the connection between the mixed boundary conditions and the radial bulk cutoff is lost. Only the former correctly reproduce the energy of the bulk configuration, as expected from the fact that a universal formula for the deformed energy can only depend on the universal asymptotics of the bulk solution, rather than the details of its interior. The asymptotic symmetry group associated with the mixed boundary conditions consists of two commuting copies of a state-dependent Virasoro algebra, with the same central extension as in the original CFT.
47.	Hannukainen, Julia D., et al. (författare) Electric manipulation of domain walls in magnetic Weyl semimetals via the axial anomaly 2021 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : Stichting SciPost. - 2542-4653. ; 10:5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We show how the axial (chiral) anomaly induces a spin torque on the magnetization in magnetic Weyl semimetals. The anomaly produces an imbalance in left- and right-anded chirality carriers when non-orthogonal electric and magnetic fields are applied. Such imbalance generates a spin density which exerts a torque on the magnetization, the strength of which can be controlled by the intensity of the applied electric field. We show how this results in an electric control of the chirality of domain walls, as well as in an improvement of the domain wall dynamics, by delaying the onset of the Walker breakdown. The measurement of the electric field mediated changes in the domain wall chirality would constitute a direct proof of the axial anomaly. Additionally, we show how quantum fluctuations of electronic Fermi arc states bound to the domain wall naturally induce an effective magnetic anisotropy, allowing for high domain wall velocities even if the intrinsic anisotropy of the magnetic Weyl semimetal is small.
48.	Hansen, Dennis, et al. (författare) Carroll expansion of general relativity 2022 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : Stichting SciPost. - 2542-4653. ; 13:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We study the small speed of light expansion of general relativity, utilizing the modern perspective on non-Lorentzian geometry. This is an expansion around the ultra-local Car-roll limit, in which light cones close up. To this end, we first rewrite the Einstein???Hilbert action in pre-ultra-local variables, which is closely related to the 3+1 decomposition of general relativity. At leading order in the expansion, these pre-ultra-local variables yield Carroll geometry and the resulting action describes the electric Carroll limit of general relativity. We also obtain the next-to-leading order action in terms of Carroll geometry and next-to-leading order geometric fields. The leading order theory yields constraint and evolution equations, and we can solve the evolution analytically. We furthermore construct a Carroll version of Bowen???York initial data, which has associated conserved boundary linear and angular momentum charges. The notion of mass is not present at leading order and only enters at next-to-leading order. This is illustrated by considering a particular truncation of the next-to-leading order action, corresponding to the magnetic Carroll limit, where we find a solution that describes the Carroll limit of a Schwarzschild black hole. Finally, we comment on how a cosmological constant can be incorporated in our analysis.
49.	Hartong, Jelle, et al. (författare) A coupling prescription for post-Newtonian corrections in quantum mechanics 2024 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : Stichting SciPost. - 2542-4653. ; 16:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The interplay between quantum theory and general relativity remains one of the main challenges of modern physics. A renewed interest in the low -energy limit is driven by the prospect of new experiments that could probe this interface. Here we develop a covariant framework for expressing post -Newtonian corrections to Schr & ouml;dinger's equation on arbitrary gravitational backgrounds based on a 1/c2 expansion of Lorentzian geometry, where c is the speed of light. Our framework provides a generic coupling prescription of quantum systems to gravity that is valid in the intermediate regime between Newtonian gravity and General Relativity, and that retains the focus on geometry. At each order in 1/c2 this produces a nonrelativistic geometry to which quantum systems at that order couple. By considering the gauge symmetries of both the nonrelativistic geometries and the 1/c2 expansion of the complex Klein-Gordon field, we devise a prescription that allows us to derive the Schr & ouml;dinger equation and its post -Newtonian corrections on a gravitational background order -by -order in 1/c2. We also demonstrate that these results can be obtained from a 1/c2 expansion of the complex Klein-Gordon Lagrangian. We illustrate our methods by performing the 1/c2 expansion of the Kerr metric up to O(c-2), which leads to a special case of the Hartle-Thorne metric. The associated Schr & ouml;dinger equation captures novel and potentially measurable effects.
50.	Herviou, Loic, et al. (författare) Entanglement spectrum and symmetries in non-Hermitian fermionic non-interacting models 2019 Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : SciPost Foundation. - 2542-4653. ; 7:5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We study the properties of the entanglement spectrum in gapped non-interacting non-Hermitian systems, and its relation to the topological properties of the system Hamiltonian. Two different families of entanglement Hamiltonians can be defined in non-Hermitian systems, depending on whether we consider only right (or equivalently only left) eigenstates or a combination of both left and right eigenstates. We show that their entanglement spectra can still be computed efficiently, as in the Hermitian limit. We discuss how symmetries of the Hamiltonian map into symmetries of the entanglement spectrum depending on the choice of the many-body state. Through several examples in one and two dimensions, we show that the biorthogonal entanglement Hamiltonian directly inherits the topological properties of the Hamiltonian for line gapped phases, with characteristic singular and energy zero modes. The right (left) density matrix carries distinct information on the topological properties of the many-body right (left) eigenstates themselves. In purely point gapped phases, when the energy bands are not separable, the relation between the entanglement Hamiltonian and the system Hamiltonian breaks down.

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