| 1. |
- Rajasekhar, Kolla, et al.
(författare)
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Antioxidant Berberine-Derivative Inhibits Multifaceted Amyloid Toxicity
- 2020
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Elsevier. - 2589-0042. ; 23:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple lines of evidence indicate that amyloid beta (A beta) peptide is responsible for the pathological devastation caused in Alzheimer's disease (AD). A beta aggregation species predominantly contribute to multifaceted toxicity observed in neuronal cells including generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, interfering with synaptic signaling, and activation of premature apoptosis. Herein, we report a natural product berberine-derived (Ber-D) multifunctional inhibitor to ameliorate in cellulo multifaceted toxicity of AD. The structural attributes of polyphenolic Ber-D have contributed to its efficient Cu chelation and arresting the redox cycle to prevent the generation of ROS and rescue biomacromolecules from oxidative damage. Ber-D inhibits metal-dependent and -independent A beta aggregation, which is supported by in silico studies. Ber-D treatment averts mitochondrial dysfunction and corresponding neuronal toxicity contributing to premature apoptosis. These key multifunctional attributes make Ber-D a potential therapeutic candidate to ameliorate multifaceted A beta toxicity in AD.
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| 2. |
- Xiong, R., et al.
(författare)
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Toward a Safer Battery Management System : A Critical Review on Diagnosis and Prognosis of Battery Short Circuit
- 2020
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Ingår i: iScience. - CAMBRIDGE, MA USA : CELL PRESS. - 2589-0042. ; 23:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lithium-ion batteries are commonly used as sources of power for electric vehicles (EVs). Battery safety is a major concern, due to a large number of accidents, for which short circuit has been considered as one of the main causes. Therefore, diagnosing and prognosticating short circuit are of great significance to improve EV safety. This work reviews the current state of the art about the diagnosis and prognosis of short circuit, covering the method and the key indicators. The findings provide important insights regarding how to improve the battery safety.
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| 3. |
- Abdelaziz, Omar Y., et al.
(författare)
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Recent strides toward transforming lignin into plastics and aqueous electrolytes for flow batteries
- 2024
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 2589-0042. ; 27:4
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignin is an abundant polyaromatic polymer with a wide range of potential future uses. However, the conversion of lignin into valuable products comes at a cost, and medium- to high-value applications are thus appropriate. Two examples of these are polymers (e.g., as fibers, plasticizers, or additives) and flow batteries (e.g., as redox species). Both of these areas would benefit from lignin-derived molecules with potentially low molecular weight and high (electro)chemical functionality. A promising route to obtain these molecules is oxidative lignin depolymerization, as it enables the formation of targeted compounds with multiple functionalities. An application with high potential in the production of plastics is the synthesis of new sustainable polymers. Employing organic molecules, such as quinones and heterocycles, would constitute an important step toward the sustainability of aqueous flow batteries, and lignin and its derivatives are emerging as redox species, mainly due to their low cost and renewability.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Adams, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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3D blood-brain barrier-organoids as a model for Lyme neuroborreliosis highlighting genospecies dependent organotropism
- 2023
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Ingår i: ISCIENCE. - : CELL PRESS. - 2589-0042. ; 26:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), a tick-borne infection caused by spirochetes within the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.L.) complex, is among the most prevalent bacterial central nervous system (CNS) infections in Europe and the US. Here we have screened a panel of low- passage B. burgdorferi s.l. isolates using a novel, human-derived 3D blood-brain barrier (BBB)-organoid model. We show that human-derived BBB-organoids support the entry of Borrelia spirochetes, leading to swelling of the organoids and a loss of their structural integrity. The use of the BBB-organoid model highlights the organotropism between B. burgdorferi s.l. genospecies and their ability to cross the BBB contributing to CNS infection.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Alharbi, Adel F., et al.
(författare)
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Balancing selection at the human salivary agglutinin gene (DMBT1) driven by host-microbe interactions
- 2022
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Cell Press. - 2589-0042. ; 25:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Discovering loci under balancing selection in humans can identify loci with alleles that affect response to the environment and disease. Genome variation data have identified the 5′ region of the DMBT1 gene as undergoing balancing selection in humans. DMBT1 encodes the pattern-recognition glycoprotein DMBT1, also known as SALSA, gp340, or salivary agglutinin. DMBT1 binds to a variety of pathogens through a tandemly arranged scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain, with the number of domains polymorphic in humans. We show that the signal of balancing selection is driven by one haplotype usually carrying a shorter SRCR repeat and another usually carrying a longer SRCR repeat. DMBT1 encoded by a shorter SRCR repeat allele does not bind a cariogenic and invasive Streptococcus mutans strain, in contrast to the long SRCR allele that shows binding. Our results suggest that balancing selection at DMBT1 is due to host-microbe interactions of encoded SRCR tandem repeat alleles.
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| 10. |
- Almazan, Nerea Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Influenza-A mediated pre-existing immunity levels to SARS-CoV-2 could predict early COVID-19 outbreak dynamics
- 2023
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Ingår i: iScience. - : CELL PRESS. - 2589-0042. ; 26:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections is highly variable and could be mediated by a cross-protective pre-immunity. We identified 14 cross-reactive peptides between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A H1N1, H3N2, and human herpesvirus (HHV)-6A/B with potential relevance. The H1N1 peptide NGVEGF was identical to a peptide in the most critical receptor binding motif in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that interacts with the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor. About 62%-73% of COVID-19-negative blood donors in Stockholm had antibodies to this peptide in the early pre-vaccination phase of the pandemic. Seasonal flu vaccination enhanced neutralizing capacity to SARS-CoV-2 and T cell immunity to this peptide. Mathematical modeling taking the estimated pre -immunity levels to flu into account could fully predict pre-Omicron SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in Stockholm and India. This cross-immunity provides mechanistic explanations to the epidemiological observation that influenza vaccination protected people against early SARS-CoV-2 infections and implies that flu-mediated cross-protective immunity significantly dampened the first SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks.
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| 11. |
- Altay, Özlem, et al.
(författare)
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Current Status of COVID-19 Therapies and Drug Repositioning Applications
- 2020
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Ingår i: Iscience. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-0042. ; 23:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rapid and global spread of a new human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has produced an immediate urgency to discover promising targets for the treatment of COVID-19. Drug repositioning is an attractive approach that can facilitate the drug discovery process by repurposing existing pharmaceuticals to treat illnesses other than their primary indications. Here, we review current information concerning the global health issue of COVID-19 including promising approved drugs and ongoing clinical trials for prospective treatment options. In addition, we describe computational approaches to be used in drug repurposing and highlight examples of in silico studies of drug development efforts against SARS-CoV-2.
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| 12. |
- Anderson, Bruce, et al.
(författare)
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Opposing effects of plant traits on diversification
- 2023
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Cell Press. - 2589-0042. ; 26:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Species diversity can vary dramatically across lineages due to differences in speciation and extinction rates. Here, we explore the effects of several plant traits on diversification, finding that most traits have opposing effects on diversification. For example, outcrossing may increase the efficacy of selection and adaptation but also decrease mate availability, two processes with contrasting effects on lineage persistence. Such opposing trait effects can manifest as differences in diversification rates that depend on ecological context, spatiotemporal scale, and associations with other traits. The complexity of pathways linking traits to diversification suggests that the mechanistic underpinnings behind their correlations may be difficult to interpret with any certainty, and context dependence means that the effects of specific traits on diversification are likely to differ across multiple lineages and timescales. This calls for taxonomically and context-controlled approaches to studies that correlate traits and diversification.
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Emil, et al.
(författare)
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CELLoGeNe - An energy landscape framework for logical networks controlling cell decisions
- 2022
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-0042. ; 25:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental and computational efforts are constantly made to elucidate mechanisms controlling cell fate decisions during development and reprogramming. One powerful computational method is to consider cell commitment and reprogramming as movements in an energy landscape. Here, we develop Computation of Energy Landscapes of Logical Gene Networks (CELLoGeNe), which maps Boolean implementation of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) into energy landscapes. CELLoGeNe removes inadvertent symmetries in the energy landscapes normally arising from standard Boolean operators. Furthermore, CELLoGeNe provides tools to visualize and stochastically analyze the shapes of multi-dimensional energy landscapes corresponding to epigenetic landscapes for development and reprogramming. We demonstrate CELLoGeNe on two GRNs governing different aspects of induced pluripotent stem cells, identifying experimentally validated attractors and revealing potential reprogramming roadblocks. CELLoGeNe is a general framework that can be applied to various biological systems offering a broad picture of intracellular dynamics otherwise inaccessible with existing methods.
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Emil, et al.
(författare)
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Facilitating clinically relevant skin tumor diagnostics with spectroscopy-driven machine learning
- 2024
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Ingår i: iScience. - 2589-0042. ; 27:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the dawning era of artificial intelligence (AI), health care stands to undergo a significant transformation with the increasing digitalization of patient data. Digital imaging, in particular, will serve as an important platform for AI to aid decision making and diagnostics. A growing number of studies demonstrate the potential of automatic pre-surgical skin tumor delineation, which could have tremendous impact on clinical practice. However, current methods rely on having ground truth images in which tumor borders are already identified, which is not clinically possible. We report a novel approach where hyperspectral images provide spectra from small regions representing healthy tissue and tumor, which are used to generate prediction maps using artificial neural networks (ANNs), after which a segmentation algorithm automatically identifies the tumor borders. This circumvents the need for ground truth images, since an ANN model is trained with data from each individual patient, representing a more clinically relevant approach.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Anikin, Andrey, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond speech : exploring diversity in the human voice
- 2023
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Ingår i: iScience. - 2589-0042. ; 26:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans have evolved voluntary control over vocal production for speaking and singing, while preserving the phylogenetically older system of spontaneous nonverbal vocalizations such as laughs and screams. To test for systematic acoustic differences between these vocal domains, we analyzed a broad, cross-cultural corpus representing over 2 h of speech, singing, and nonverbal vocalizations. We show that, while speech is relatively low-pitched and tonal with mostly regular phonation, singing and especially nonverbal vocalizations vary enormously in pitch and often display harsh-sounding, irregular phonation owing to nonlinear phenomena. The evolution of complex supralaryngeal articulatory spectro-temporal modulation has been critical for speech, yet has not significantly constrained laryngeal source modulation. In contrast, articulation is very limited in nonverbal vocalizations, which predominantly contain minimally articulated open vowels and rapid temporal modulation in the roughness range. We infer that vocal source modulation works best for conveying affect, while vocal filter modulation mainly facilitates semantic communication.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Aro, Rudolf, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Combustion ion chromatography for extractable organofluorine analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Cell Press. - 2589-0042. ; 24:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combustion ion chromatography (CIC) has found a role in environmental analytical chemistry for fluorine content analysis. It is used for extractable organofluorine (EOF) analysis to evaluate perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and other organofluorine burden. The prevailing assumption has been that all PFASs are incinerated in CIC and matrix components have no impact on this process, but this has not been experimentally evaluated. In this work, the combustion efficiencies of 13 different PFASs were determined (66-110%). A notable difference was observed between calibrating the CIC with inorganic fluorine or organofluorine. Potential interferences from cations and coextracted matrix components from whole blood and surface water samples were evaluated. These observations should be acknowledged when performing EOF analysis using CIC, overlooking either non-100% combustion efficiencies or the differences in calibrating the CIC with inorganic fluorine or organofluorine could lead to underestimating EOF content and through that to misguide policy decisions.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Asutay, Erkin, et al.
(författare)
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Affective responses drive the impact neglect in sustainable behavior
- 2023
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Ingår i: iScience. - : CELL PRESS. - 2589-0042. ; 26:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We need unparalleled human behavioral changes to mitigate the effects of climate change. However, recent studies suggest that people are not good at identifying mitigative behaviors that are effective in reducing carbon emissions. Thus, even when there is an intention to engage in climate action, people are not necessarily making the most effective choices. This suggests that there is an impact of neglecting in evaluative judgments about mitigative behaviors. Here, using an online survey (N = 555), we show that people have a rather poor understanding of the mitigation potential of human behaviors, and both impact judgments and the likelihood of adoption of mitigative behaviors are largely influenced by emotional processes. These findings have potential implications for how to motivate impactful climate action in the future and point toward the importance to fully understand how affect and emotions influence impact judgments and pro-environmental behavior.
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| 22. |
- Attaye, Ilias, et al.
(författare)
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Protein supplementation changes gut microbial diversity and derived metabolites in subjects with type 2 diabetes
- 2023
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Ingår i: ISCIENCE. - 2589-0042. ; 26:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-protein diets are promoted for individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). How-ever, effects of dietary protein interventions on (gut-derived) metabolites in T2D remains understudied. We therefore performed a multi-center, randomized -controlled, isocaloric protein intervention with 151 participants following either 12-week high-protein (HP; 30Energy %, N = 78) vs. low-protein (LP; 10 Energy%, N = 73) diet. Primary objectives were dietary effects on glycemic control which were determined via glycemic excursions, continuous glucose monitors and HbA1c. Secondary objectives were impact of diet on gut microbiota composition and-derived metabolites which were determined by shotgun-metagenomics and mass spectrometry. Analyses were performed using delta changes adjusting for center, baseline, and kidney function when appropriate. This study found that a short-term 12-week isocaloric protein modulation does not affect glycemic parameters or weight in metformin-treated T2D. However, the HP diet slightly worsened kidney function, increased alpha-diversity, and production of potentially harmful microbiota-dependent metabolites, which may affect host metabolism upon prolonged exposure.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Bayrak Pehlivan, Ilknur, et al.
(författare)
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NiMoV and NiO-based catalysts for efficient solar-driven water splitting using thermally integrated photovoltaics in a scalable approach
- 2021
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Cell Press. - 2589-0042. ; 24:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, a trimetallic NiMoV catalyst is developed for the hydrogen evolution reaction and characterized with respect to structure, valence, and elemental distribution. The overpotential to drive a 10 mA cm−2 current density is lowered from 94 to 78 mV versus reversible hydrogen electrode by introducing V into NiMo. A scalable stand-alone system for solar-driven water splitting was examined for a laboratory-scale device with 1.6 cm2 photovoltaic (PV) module area to an up-scaled device with 100 cm2 area. The NiMoV cathodic catalyst is combined with a NiO anode in alkaline electrolyzer unit thermally connected to synthesized (Ag,Cu) (In,Ga)Se2 ((A)CIGS) PV modules. Performance of 3- and 4-cell interconnected PV modules, electrolyzer, and hydrogen production of the PV electrolyzer are examined between 25°C and 50°C. The PV-electrolysis device having a 4-cell (A)CIGS under 100 mW cm−2 illumination and NiMoV-NiO electrolyzer shows 9.1% maximum and 8.5% averaged efficiency for 100 h operation.
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| 27. |
- Bensch, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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The evolutionary history of “suboptimal” migration routes
- 2023
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Ingår i: iScience. - 2589-0042. ; 26:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Migratoriness in birds is evolutionary labile, with many examples of increasing or decreasing migration distances on the timescale of modern ornithology. In contrast, shifts of migration to more nearby wintering grounds seem to be a slow process. We examine the history of how Palearctic migratory landbirds have expanded their wintering ranges to include both tropical Africa and Asia, a process that has involved major shifts in migratory routes. We found that species with shorter migration distances and with resident populations in the Palearctic more often winter in both Africa and Asia. Our results suggest that changes in wintering grounds are not by long-distance migrant populations per se, but through historic intermediate populations that were less migratory from which long-distance migration evolved secondarily. The failure of long-distance migrants to shift migration direction to more nearby winter quarters indicates that major modifications to the migratory program may be difficult to evolve.
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| 28. |
- Bhandage, Amol, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Serum protein biomarker profile distinguishes acetylcholine receptor antibody seropositive myasthenia gravis patients from healthy controls.
- 2024
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Elsevier. - 2589-0042. ; 27:8, s. 110564-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an unmet need for objective disease-specific biomarkers in the heterogeneous autoimmune neuromuscular disorder myasthenia gravis (MG). This cross-sectional study identified a signature of 23 inflammatory serum proteins with proximity extension assay (PEA) that distinguishes acetylcholine receptor antibody seropositive (AChR+) MG patients from healthy controls (HCs). CCL28, TNFSF14, 4E-BP1, transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α), and ST1A1 ranked top biomarkers. TGF-β1 and osteoprotegerin (OPG) differed between early- and late-onset MG, whereas CXCL10, TNFSF14, CCL11, interleukin-17C (IL-17C), and TGF-α differed significantly with immunosuppressive treatment. MG patients with moderate to high disease severity had lower uPA. Previously defined MG-associated microRNAs, miR-150-5p, miR-30e-5p, and miR-21-5p, correlated inversely with ST1A1 and TNFSF14. The presented inflammatory proteins that distinguish AChR+ MG are promising serum biomarkers for validation in prospective studies to allow for molecular signatures for patient subgroup stratification and monitoring of treatment response.
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| 29. |
- Blom, Mozes P. K., et al.
(författare)
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Hybridization in birds-of-paradise : Widespread ancestral gene flow despite strong sexual selection in a lek-mating system
- 2024
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Cell Press. - 2589-0042. ; 27:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sexual selection can directly contribute to reproductive isolation and is an important mechanism that can lead to speciation. Lek-mating is one of the most extreme forms of sexual selection, but surprisingly does not seem to preclude occasional hybridization in nature. However, hybridization among lekking species may still be trivial if selection against offspring with intermediate phenotypes prohibits introgression. Here we investigate this further by sequencing the genomes of nearly all bird-of-paradise (Paradisaeidae) species and 10 museum specimens of putative hybrid origin. We find that intergeneric hybridization indeed still takes place despite extreme differentiation in form, plumage, and behavior. In parallel, the genomes of contemporary species contain widespread signatures of past introgression, demonstrating that hybridization has repeatedly resulted in shared genetic variation despite strong sexual isolation. Our study raises important questions about extrinsic factors that modulate hybridization probability and the evolutionary consequences of introgressive hybridization between lekking species.
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| 30. |
- Bohr, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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The glymphatic system : Current understanding and modeling
- 2022
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-0042. ; 25:9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review theoretical and numerical models of the glymphatic system, which circulates cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid around the brain, facilitating solute transport. Models enable hypothesis development and predictions of transport, with clinical applications including drug delivery, stroke, cardiac arrest, and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease. We sort existing models into broad categories by anatomical function: Perivascular flow, transport in brain parenchyma, interfaces to perivascular spaces, efflux routes, and links to neuronal activity. Needs and opportunities for future work are highlighted wherever possible; new models, expanded models, and novel experiments to inform models could all have tremendous value for advancing the field.
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| 31. |
- Bose, Aneesh, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmaceutical pollution disrupts the behaviour and predator–prey interactions of two widespread aquatic insects
- 2022
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-0042. ; 25
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pharmaceutical pollution represents a rapidly growing threat to ecosystems worldwide. Drugs are now commonly detected in the tissues of wildlife and have the potential to alter the natural expression of behavior, though relatively little is known about how pharmaceuticals impact predator-prey interactions. We conducted parallel laboratory experiments using larval odonates (dragonfly and damselfly nymphs) to investigate the effects of exposure to two pharmaceuticals, cetirizine and citalopram, and their mixture on the outcomes of predator-prey interactions. We found that exposure to both compounds elevated dragonfly activity and impacted their predation success and efficiency in complex ways. While exposure to citalopram reduced predation efficiency, exposure to cetirizine showed varied effects, with predation success being enhanced in some contexts but impaired in others. Our findings underscore the importance of evaluating pharmaceutical effects under multiple contexts and indicate that these compounds can affect predator-prey outcomes at sublethal concentrations.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Bourgine, Paul E., et al.
(författare)
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Fate Distribution and Regulatory Role of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Engineered Hematopoietic Bone Organs
- 2019
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-0042. ; 19, s. 504-513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The generation of humanized ectopic ossicles (hOss) in mice has been proposed as an advanced translational and fundamental model to study the human hematopoietic system. The approach relies on the presence of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) supporting the engraftment of transplanted human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). However, the functional distribution of hMSCs within the humanized microenvironment remains to be investigated. Here, we combined genetic tools and quantitative confocal microscopy to engineer and subsequently analyze hMSCs′ fate and distribution in hOss. Implanted hMSCs reconstituted a humanized environment including osteocytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes, and stromal cells associated with vessels. By imaging full hOss, we identified rare physical interactions between hMSCs and human CD45+/CD34+/CD90+ cells, supporting a functional contact-triggered regulatory role of hMSCs. Our study highlights the importance of compiling quantitative information from humanized organs, to decode the interactions between the hematopoietic and the stromal compartments. Biological Sciences; Stem Cells Research; Tissue Engineering
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| 34. |
- Brambach, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Neural tube patterning : from a minimal model for rostrocaudal patterning toward an integrated 3D model
- 2021
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-0042. ; 24:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rostrocaudal patterning of the neural tube is a defining event in vertebrate brain development. This process is driven by morphogen gradients which specify the fate of neural progenitor cells, leading to the partitioning of the tube. Although this is extensively studied experimentally, an integrated view of the genetic circuitry is lacking. Here, we present a minimal gene regulatory model for rostrocaudal patterning, whose tristable topology was determined in a data-driven way. Using this model, we identified the repression of hindbrain fate as promising strategy for the improvement of current protocols for the generation of dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, we combined our model with an established minimal model for dorsoventral patterning on a realistic 3D neural tube and found that key features of neural tube patterning could be recapitulated. Doing so, we demonstrate how data and models from different sources can be combined to simulate complex in vivo processes.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Bruns, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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Audiovisual spatial recalibration but not integration is shaped by early sensory experience
- 2022
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-0042. ; 25:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To clarify the role of sensory experience during early development for adult multisensory learning capabilities, we probed audiovisual spatial processing in human individuals who had been born blind because of dense congenital cataracts (CCs) and who subsequently had received cataract removal surgery, some not before adolescence or adulthood. Their ability to integrate audio-visual input and to recalibrate multisensory spatial representations was compared to normally sighted control participants and individuals with a history of developmental (later onset) cataracts. Results in CC individuals revealed both normal multisensory integration in audiovisual trials (ventriloquism effect) and normal recalibration of unimodal auditory localization following audiovisual discrepant exposure (ventriloquism aftereffect) as observed in the control groups. In addition, only the CC group recalibrated unimodal visual localization after audiovisual exposure. Thus, in parallel to typical multisensory integration and learning, atypical crossmodal mechanisms coexisted in CC individuals, suggesting that multisensory recalibration capabilities are defined during a sensitive period in development.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Bulgarin, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced and copper concentration dependent virucidal effect against SARS-CoV-2 of electrospun poly(vinylidene difluoride) filter materials
- 2024
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-0042. ; 27:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Virucidal filter materials were prepared by electrospinning a solution of 28 wt % poly(vinylidene difluoride) in N,N-dimethylacetamide without and with the addition of 0.25 wt %, 0.75 wt %, 2.0 wt %, or 3.5 wt % Cu(NO3)2 · 2.5H2O as virucidal agent. The fabricated materials had a uniform and defect free fibrous structure and even distribution of copper nanoclusters. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that during the electrospinning process, Cu(NO3)2 · 2.5H2O changed into Cu2(NO3)(OH)3. Electrospun filter materials obtained by electrospinning were essentially macroporous. Smaller pores of copper nanoclusters containing materials resulted in higher particle filtration than those without copper nanoclusters. Electrospun filter material fabricated with the addition of 2.0 wt % and 3.5 wt % of Cu(NO3)2 · 2.5H2O in a spinning solution showed significant virucidal activity, and there was 2.5 ± 0.35 and 3.2 ± 0.30 logarithmic reduction in the concentration of infectious SARS-CoV-2 within 12 h, respectively. The electrospun filter materials were stable as they retained virucidal activity for three months.
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| 40. |
- Castillejo-Lopez, Casimiro, et al.
(författare)
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Detailed Functional Characterization of a Waist-Hip Ratio Locus in 7p15.2 Defines an Enhancer Controlling Adipocyte Differentiation
- 2019
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-0042. ; 20, s. 42-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We combined CAGE sequencing in human adipocytes during differentiation with data from genome-wide association studies to identify an enhancer in the SNX10 locus on chromosome 7, presumably involved in body fat distribution. Using reporter assays and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in human cell lines, we characterized the role of the enhancer in adipogenesis. The enhancer was active during adipogenesis and responded strongly to insulin and isoprenaline. The allele associated with increased waist-hip ratio in human genetic studies was associated with higher enhancer activity. Mutations of the enhancer resulted in less adipocyte differentiation. RNA sequencing of cells with disrupted enhancer showed reduced expression of established adipocyte markers, such as ADIPOQ and LPL, and identified CHI3L1 on chromosome 1 as a potential gene involved in adipocyte differentiation. In conclusion, we identified and characterized an enhancer in the SNX10 locus and outlined its plausible mechanisms of action and downstream targets.
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| 41. |
- Cavagnino, Courtney, et al.
(författare)
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Unearthing who and Y at Harewood Cemetery and inference of George Washington's Y-chromosomal haplotype
- 2024
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Ingår i: iScience. - : CELL PRESS. - 2589-0042. ; 27:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An excavation conducted at Harewood Cemetery to identify the unmarked grave of Samuel Washington resulted in the discovery of burials presumably belonging to George Washington's paternal grandnephews and their mother, Lucy Payne. To confirm their identities this study examined Y -chromosomal, mitochondrial, and autosomal DNA from the burials and a living Washington descendant. The burial's Y-STR profile was compared to FamilyTreeDNA's database, which resulted in a one-step difference from the living descendant and an exact match to another Washington. A more complete Y-STR and Y -SNP profile from the descendant was inferred to be the Washington Y profile. Kinship comparisons performed in relation to the descendant, who is a 4 th and 5 th degree relative of the putative individuals, resulted in >37,000 overlapping autosomal SNPs and strong statistical support with likelihood ratios exceeding one billion. This study highlights the benefits of a multi -marker approach for kinship prediction and DNA -assisted identification of historical remains.
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| 42. |
- Cha, Gihoon, et al.
(författare)
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As a single atom Pd outperforms Pt as the most active co-catalyst for photocatalytic H-2 evolution
- 2021
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Ingår i: ISCIENCE. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-0042. ; 24:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we evaluate three different noble metal co-catalysts (Pd, Pt, and Au) that are present as single atoms (SAs) on the classic benchmark photocatalyst, TiO2. To trap the single atoms on the surface, we introduced controlled surface vacancies (Ti3+-Ov) on anatase TiO2 nanosheets by a thermal reduction treatment. After anchoring identical loadings of single atoms of Pd, Pt, and Au, we measure the photocatalytic H-2 generation rate and compare it to the classic nanoparticle co-catalysts on the nanosheets. While nanoparticles yield the well-established the hydrogen evolution reaction activity sequence (Pt > Pd > Au), for the single atom form, Pd radically outperforms Pt and Au. Based on density functional theory (DFT), we ascribe this unusual photocatalytic co-catalyst sequence to the nature of the charge localization on the noble metal SAs embedded in the TiO2 surface.
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| 43. |
- Chakraborty, Suman Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges and opportunities in 2D heterostructures for electronic and optoelectronic devices
- 2022
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-0042. ; 25:3
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and their heterojunctions are prospective materials for future electronics, optoelectronics, and quantum technologies. Assembling different 2D layers offers unique ways to control optical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, and topological phenomena. Controlled fabrications of electronic grade 2D heterojunctions are of paramount importance. Here, we enlist novel and scalable strategies to fabricate 2D vertical and lateral heterojunctions, consisting of semiconductors, metals, and/or semimetals. Critical issues that need to be addressed are the device-to-device variations, reliability, stability, and performances of 2D heterostructures in electronic and optoelectronic applications. Also, stacking order-dependent formation of moiré excitons in 2D heterostructures are emerging with exotic physics and new opportunities. Furthermore, the realization of 2D heterojunction-based novel devices, including excitonic and valleytronic transistors, demands more extensive research efforts for real-world applications. We also outline emergent phenomena in 2D heterojunctions central to nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, spintronics, and energy applications.
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| 44. |
- Chen, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive migratory orientation of an invasive pest on a new continent
- 2023
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Ingår i: iScience. - 2589-0042. ; 26:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many species of insects undertake long-range, seasonally reversed migrations, displaying sophisticated orientation behaviors to optimize their migratory trajectories. However, when invasive insects arrive in new biogeographical regions, it is unclear if migrants retain (or how quickly they regain) ancestral migratory traits, such as seasonally preferred flight headings. Here we present behavioral evidence that an invasive migratory pest, the fall armyworm moth (Spodoptera frugiperda), a native of the Americas, exhibited locally adaptive migratory orientation less than three years after arriving on a new continent. Specimens collected from China showed flight orientations directed north-northwest in spring and southwest in autumn, and this would promote seasonal forward and return migrations in East Asia. We also show that the driver of the seasonal switch in orientation direction is photoperiod. Our results thus provide a clear example of an invasive insect that has rapidly exhibited adaptive migratory behaviors, either inherited or newly evolved, in a completely alien environment.
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| 45. |
- Chen, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Lidar as a Potential Tool for Monitoring Migratory Insects : A Field Case Study in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: iScience. - 2589-0042. ; 27:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The seasonal migrations of insects involve a substantial displacement of biomass with significant ecological and economic consequences for regions of departure and arrival. Remote sensors have played a pivotal role in revealing the magnitude and general direction of bioflows above 150 m. Nevertheless, the take-off and descent activity of insects below this height is poorly understood. Our lidar observations elucidate the low-height dusk movements and detailed information of insects in southern Sweden from May to July, during the yearly northward migration period. Importantly, by filtering out moths from other insects based on optical information and wing beat frequency, we have introduced a promising new method to monitor the flight activities of nocturnal moths near the ground, many of which participate in migration through the area. Lidar thus holds the potential to enhance the scientific understanding of insect migratory behaviour and improve pest control strategies.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Clasen, Frederick, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic diet composition swap in a mouse genome-scale metabolic model reveals determinants of diet metabolism in liver cancer
- 2023
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Ingår i: ISCIENCE. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-0042. ; 26:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dietary nutrient availability and gene expression, together, influence tissue metabolic activity. Here, we explore whether altering dietary nutrient composi-tion in the context of mouse liver cancer suffices to overcome chronic gene expression changes that arise from tumorigenesis and western-style diet (WD). We construct a mouse genome-scale metabolic model and estimate metabolic fluxes in liver tumors and non-tumoral tissue after computationally varying the composition of input diet. This approach, called Systematic Diet Composition Swap (SyDiCoS), revealed that, compared to a control diet, WD increases produc-tion of glycerol and succinate irrespective of specific tissue gene expression pat-terns. Conversely, differences in fatty acid utilization pathways between tumor and non-tumor liver are amplified with WD by both dietary carbohydrates and lipids together. Our data suggest that combined dietary component modifica-tions may be required to normalize the distinctive metabolic patterns that underlie selective targeting of tumor metabolism.
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| 49. |
- Coutinho-Lima, Diogo, et al.
(författare)
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Multiple ancestries and shared gene flow among modern livestock guarding dogs
- 2024
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Ingår i: iScience. - 2589-0042. ; 27:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Livestock guarding dogs (LGDs) have been used to protect livestock for millennia. While previous works suggested a single origin of modern LGDs, the degree and source of shared ancestry have not been tested. To address this, we generated genome-wide SNP data from 304 LGDs and combined it with public genomic data from 2,183 modern and 22 ancient dogs. Our findings reveal shared ancestry and extensive gene flow among modern LGD breeds which we attribute to historical livestock migrations. Additionally, admixture between LGDs and free-ranging dogs argues against reproductive isolation as a core mechanism for maintaining the specialized skills of LGDs. Finally, we identify two lineages within modern LGDs and uncover multiple ancestries tracing back to distinct Eurasian ancient dogs, concordant with the absence of a single ancestor. Overall, our work explores the complex evolutionary history of LGDs, offering valuable insights into how human and livestock co-migrations shaped this functional group.
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| 50. |
- Cui, H. T., et al.
(författare)
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Carbon flow through continental-scale ground logistics transportation
- 2023
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-0042. ; 26:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The flourishing logistics in both developed and emerging economies leads to huge greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; however, the emission fluxes are poorly constrained. Here, we constructed a spatial network of logistic GHG emissions based on multisource big data at continental scale. GHG emissions related to logistics transportation reached 112.14Mt CO2-equivalents (CO(2)e), with seven major urban agglomerations contributing 63% of the total emissions. Regions with short transport distances and well-developed road infrastructure had relatively high emission efficiency. Underlying value flow of the commodities is accompanied by logistics carbon flow along the supply chain. The main driving factors affecting GHG emissions are driving speed and gross domestic product. It may mitigate GHGemissions by 27.50-1162.75 Mt CO(2)e in 15 years if a variety of energy combinations or the appropriate driving speed (65-70 km/h) is adopted. The estimations are of great significance to make integrated management policies for the global logistics sector.
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