| 1. |
- Amagat, Jordi, et al.
(författare)
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Self-snapping hydrogel-based electroactive microchannels as nerve guidance conduits
- 2022
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Ingår i: MATERIALS TODAY BIO. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-0064. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peripheral nerve regeneration with large defects needs innovative design of nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) which possess anisotropic guidance, electrical induction and right mechanical properties in one. Herein, we present, for the first time, facile fabrication and efficient neural differentiation guidance of anisotropic, conductive, self-snapping, hydrogel-based NGCs. The hydrogels were fabricated via crosslinking of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) upon exposure with blue light, incorporated with graphene oxide (GO). Incorporation of GO and in situ reduction greatly enhanced surface charges, while decayed light penetration endowed the hydrogel with an intriguing self-snapping feature by the virtue of a crosslinking gradient. The hydrogels were in the optimal mechanical stiffness range for peripheral nerve regeneration and supported normal viability and proliferation of neural cells. The PC12 cells differentiated on the electroactive g-C3N4 H/rGO3 (3 mg/mL GO loading) hydrogel presented 47% longer neurite length than that of the pristine g-C3N4 H hydrogel. Furthermore, the NGC with aligned microchannels was successfully fabricated using sacrificial melt electrowriting (MEW) moulding, the anisotropic microchannels of the 10 mu m width showed optimal neurite guidance. Such anisotropic, electroactive, self-snapping NGCs may possess great potential for repairing peripheral nerve injuries.
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| 2. |
- Bhattacharjee, Rahul, et al.
(författare)
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Theragnostic application of nanoparticle and CRISPR against food-borne multi-drug resistant pathogens
- 2022
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Ingår i: MATERIALS TODAY BIO. - : Elsevier. - 2590-0064. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Foodborne infection is one of the leading sources of infections spreading across the world. Foodborne pathogens are recognized as multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens posing a significant problem in the food industry and healthy consumers resulting in enhanced economic burden, and nosocomial infections. The continued search for enhanced microbial detection tools has piqued the interest of the CRISPR-Cas system and Nanoparticles. CRISPRCas system is present in the bacterial genome of some prokaryotes and is repurposed as a theragnostic tool against MDR pathogens. Nanoparticles and composites have also emerged as an efficient tool in theragnostic applications against MDR pathogens. The diagnostic limitations of the CRISPR-Cas system are believed to be overcome by a synergistic combination of the nanoparticles system and CRISPR-Cas using nanoparticles as vehicles. In this review, we have discussed the diagnostic application of CRISPR-Cas technologies along with their potential usage in applications like phage resistance, phage vaccination, strain typing, genome editing, and antimicrobial. we have also elucidated the antimicrobial and detection role of nanoparticles against foodborne MDR pathogens. Moreover, the novel combinatorial approach of CRISPR-Cas and nanoparticles for their synergistic effects in pathogen clearance and drug delivery vehicles has also been discussed.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Buchmann, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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Probabilistic cell seeding and non-autofluorescent 3D-printed structures as scalable approach for multi-level co-culture modeling
- 2023
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Ingår i: Materials Today Bio. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-0064. ; 21, s. 100706-100706
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To model complex biological tissue in vitro, a specific layout for the position and numbers of each cell type isnecessary. Establishing such a layout requires manual cell placement in three dimensions (3D) with micrometricprecision, which is complicated and time-consuming. Moreover, 3D printed materials used in compartmentalizedmicrofluidic models are opaque or autofluorescent, hindering parallel optical readout and forcing serial charac-terization methods, such as patch-clamp probing. To address these limitations, we introduce a multi-level co-culture model realized using a parallel cell seeding strategy of human neurons and astrocytes on 3D structuresprinted with a commercially available non-autofluorescent resin at micrometer resolution. Using a two-stepstrategy based on probabilistic cell seeding, we demonstrate a human neuronal monoculture that forms net-works on the 3D printed structure and can establish cell-projection contacts with an astrocytic-neuronal co-cultureseeded on the glass substrate. The transparent and non-autofluorescent printed platform allows fluorescence-based immunocytochemistry and calcium imaging. This approach provides facile multi-level compartmentaliza-tion of different cell types and routes for pre-designed cell projection contacts, instrumental in studying complextissue, such as the human brain.
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| 5. |
- Carter, Sarah-Sophia, 1994-, et al.
(författare)
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A microfluidic-based approach to investigate the inflammatory response of macrophages to pristine and drug-loaded nanostructured hydroxyapatite
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials Today Bio. - : Elsevier. - 2590-0064. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The in vitro biological characterization of biomaterials is largely based on static cell cultures. However, for highly reactive biomaterials such as calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA), this static environment has limitations. Drastic alterations in the ionic composition of the cell culture medium can negatively affect cell behavior, which can lead to misleading results or data that is difficult to interpret. This challenge could be addressed by a microfluidics-based approach (i.e. on-chip), which offers the opportunity to provide a continuous flow of cell culture medium and a potentially more physiologically relevant microenvironment. The aim of this work was to explore microfluidic technology for its potential to characterize CDHA, particularly in the context of inflammation. Two different CDHA substrates (chemically identical, but varying in microstructure) were integrated on-chip and subsequently evaluated. We demonstrated that the on-chip environment can avoid drastic ionic alterations and increase protein sorption, which was reflected in cell studies with RAW 264.7 macrophages. The cells grown on-chip showed a high cell viability and enhanced proliferation compared to cells maintained under static conditions. Whereas no clear differences in the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were found, variations in cell morphology suggested a more anti-inflammatory environment on-chip. In the second part of this study, the CDHA substrates were loaded with the drug Trolox. We showed that it is possible to characterize drug release on-chip and moreover demonstrated that Trolox affects the TNF-α secretion and morphology of RAW 264.7 cells. Overall, these results highlight the potential of microfluidics to evaluate (bioactive) biomaterials, both in pristine form and when drug-loaded. This is of particular interest for the latter case, as it allows the biological characterization and assessment of drug release to take place under the same dynamic in vitro environment.
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| 6. |
- Eskilson, Olof, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Nanocellulose composite wound dressings for real-time pH wound monitoring
- 2023
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Ingår i: Materials Today Bio. - : Elsevier. - 2590-0064. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The skin is the largest organ of the human body. Wounds disrupt the functions of the skin and can have catastrophic consequences for an individual resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Wound infections are common and can substantially delay healing and can result in non-healing wounds and sepsis. Early diagnosis and treatment of infection reduce risk of complications and support wound healing. Methods for monitoring of wound pH can facilitate early detection of infection. Here we show a novel strategy for integrating pH sensing capabilities in state-of-the-art hydrogel-based wound dressings fabricated from bacterial nanocellulose (BC). A high surface area material was developed by self-assembly of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) in BC. By encapsulating a pH-responsive dye in the MSNs, wound dressings for continuous pH sensing with spatiotemporal resolution were developed. The pH responsive BC-based nanocomposites demonstrated excellent wound dressing properties, with respect to conformability, mechanical properties, and water vapor transmission rate. In addition to facilitating rapid colorimetric assessment of wound pH, this strategy for generating functional BC-MSN nanocomposites can be further be adapted for encapsulation and release of bioactive compounds for treatment of hard-to-heal wounds, enabling development of novel wound care materials.
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| 7. |
- Ferreria Kunrath, Marcel, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Bench-to-bedside: Feasibility of nano-engineered and drug-delivery biomaterials for bone-anchored implants and periodontal applications
- 2023
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Ingår i: Materials Today Bio. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-0064. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanotechnology and drug-release biomaterials have been thoroughly explored in the last few years aiming to develop specialized clinical treatments. However, it is rare to find biomaterials associated with drug delivery properties in the current dental market for application in oral bone-and periodontal-related procedures. The gap between basic scientific evidence and translation to a commercial product remains wide. Several challenges have been reported regarding the clinical translation of biomaterials with drug-delivery systems (BDDS) and nano -features. Therefore, processes for BDDS development, application in preclinical models, drug delivery doses, sterilization processes, storage protocols and approval requirements were explored in this review, associated with tentative solutions for these issues. The diversity of techniques and compounds/molecules applied to develop BDDS demands a case-by-case approach to manufacturing and validating a commercial biomaterial. Promising outcomes such as accelerated tissue healing and higher antibacterial response have been shown through basic and preclinical studies using BDDS and nano-engineered biomaterials; however, the adequate process for sterilization, storage, cost-effectiveness and possible cytotoxic effects remains unclear for multifunctional biomaterials incor-porated with different chemical compounds; then BDDSs are rarely translated into products. The future benefits of BDDS and nano-engineered biomaterials have been reported suggesting personalized clinical treatment and a promising reduction in the use of systemic antibiotics. Finally, the launch of these specialized biomaterials with solid data and controlled traceability onto the market will generate strong specificity for healthcare treatments.
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| 8. |
- Imran, Habibulla, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrasensitive detection of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in genomic DNA using a graphene-based sensor modified with biotin and gold nanoparticles
- 2024
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Ingår i: Materials Today Bio. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-0064. ; 27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins orchestrate deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation-demethylation dynamics by oxidizing 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and are frequently inactivated in various cancers. Due to the significance of 5hmC as an epigenetic biomarker for cancer diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment, its rapid and precise quantification is essential. Here, we report a highly sensitive electrochemical method for quantifying genomic 5hmC using graphene sheets that were electrochemically exfoliated and functionalized with biotin and gold nanoparticles (Bt-AuNPs) through a single-step electrical method. The attachment of Bt-AuNPs to graphene enhances the specificity of 5hmC-containing DNA and augments the oxidation of 5hmC to 5-formylcytosine in DNA. When coupled to a gold electrode, the Bt-AuNP-graphene-based sensor exhibits exceptional sensitivity and specificity for detecting 5hmC, with a detection limit of 63.2 fM. Furthermore, our sensor exhibits a remarkable capacity to measure 5hmC levels across a range of biological samples, including preclinical mouse tissues with varying 5hmC levels due to either TET gene disruption or oncogenic transformation, as well as human prostate cancer cell lines. Therefore, our sensing strategy has substantial potential for cancer diagnostics and prognosis.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Joshi, Abhayraj S., et al.
(författare)
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Viridibacillus culture derived silver nanoparticles exert potent anticancer action in 2D and 3D models of lung cancer via mitochondrial depolarization-mediated apoptosis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Materials Today Bio. - 2590-0064. ; 25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lung cancer is one of the most commonly occurring cancer types that accounts for almost 2 million cases per year. Its resistance to anticancer drugs, failure of new molecules in clinical trials, severe side-effects of current treatments, and its recurrence limit the success of anticancer therapies. Nanotherapeutic agents offer several advantages over conventional anticancer therapies, including improved retention in tumors, specificity, and anticancer effects at lower concentrations, hence reducing the side-effects. Here, we have explored the anticancer activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized in Viridibacillus sp. enriched culture medium for the first time. Such green nanoparticles, synthesized by biological systems, are superior to chemically synthesized ones in terms of their environmental footprint and production cost, and have one crucial advantage of excellent stability owing to their biological corona. To assess anticancer activity of these nanoparticles, we used conventional 2D cultured A549 cells as well as 3D spheroids of A549 cells. In both models of lung cancer, our silver nanoparticles diminished cell proliferation, arrested DNA synthesis, and showed a dose dependent cytotoxic effect. The nanoparticles damaged the DNA and mitochondrial structures in both A549 cells and A549 spheroids, leading to mitochondrial depolarization and increased cell permeability. Low lethal median doses (LD50) for 2D cultured A549 cells (1 μg/ml) and for A549 spheroids (13 μg/ml) suggest that our nanoparticles are potent anticancer agents. We also developed in vitro tumor progression model and in vitro tumor size model using 3D spheroids to test anticancer potential of our nanoparticles which otherwise would require longer experimental duration along with large number of animals and trained personnel. In these models, our nanoparticles showed strong dose dependent anticancer activity. In case of in vitro tumor progression model, the A549 cells failed to form tight spheroidal mass and showed increased dead cell fraction since day 1 as compared to control. On the other hand, in case of in vitro tumor size model, the 4 and 8 μg/ml nanoparticle treatment led to reduction in spheroid size from 615 ± 53 μm to 440 ± 45 μm and 612 ± 44 μm to 368 ± 62 μm respectively, within the time span of 3 days post treatment. We believe that use of such novel experimental models offers excellent and fast alternative to in vivo studies, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that gives proof-of-concept for use of such novel in vitro cancer models to test anticancer agents such as Viridibacilli culture derived silver nanoparticles. Based on our results, we propose that these nanoparticles offer an interesting alternative for anticancer therapies, especially if they can be combined with classical anticancer drugs.
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| 12. |
- Kivijärvi, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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Hybrid material based on hyaluronan hydrogels and poly(L-lactide-co-1,3-trimethylene carbonate) scaffolds toward a cell-instructive microenvironment with long-term in vivo degradability
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials Today Bio. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-0064. ; 17, s. 100483-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Degradable polyester-based scaffolds are ideal for tissue engineering applications where long-term structural integrity and mechanical support are a requisite. However, their hydrophobic and unfunctionalized surfaces restrain their tissue-mimetic quality. Instead, hyaluronan (HA) hydrogels are able to act as cell-instructive materials with the ability to recapitulate native tissue, although HA is rapidly metabolized in vivo. Taking advantage of these distinctly diverse material properties, a degradable and concurrent hybrid hydrogel material was developed that combines the short-term tissue-relevant properties of bio-orthogonal crosslinked HA with the long-term structural and mechanical support of poly(L-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) (PLATMC) scaffolds. This method rendered the formulation of transparent, minimally swelling hydrogel compartments with a desirable cell-instructive “local” elastic modulus within the scaffold matrix without impeding key material properties of PLATMC. Long-term degradability over 180 days in vivo was realized by the integral PLATMC scaffold architecture obtained through either extrusion-based 3D printing or salt-particulate leaching. Intrinsic diffusion capacity within the hydrogel elicited unaffected degradation kinetics of PLATMC in vivo, despite its autocatalytic bulk degradation characteristics displayed when 3D-printed. The effect of the processing method on the material properties of PLATMC markedly extends to its in vivo degradation characteristics, and essential uniform degradation behavior can be advanced using salt-particulate leaching. Regardless of the scaffold fabrication method, the polymer exhibited a soft and flexible nature throughout the degradation period, governed by the rubbery state of the polymer. Our results demonstrate that the physicochemical properties of the hybrid hydrogel scaffold endow it with the potential to act as a cell instructive microenvironment while not affecting key material properties of PLATMC postprocessing. Importantly, the HA hydrogel does not adversely impact the degradation behavior of PLATMC, a vital aspect in the fabrication of tissue engineering constructs. The results presented herein open new avenues for the adoption of concurrent and well-defined tissue-relevant materials exhibiting the potential to recreate microenvironments for cell encapsulation and drug delivery in vivo while providing essential structural integrity and long-term degradability.
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| 13. |
- Lata, S., et al.
(författare)
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Aurora Borealis in dentistry : The applications of cold plasma in biomedicine
- 2022
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Ingår i: MATERIALS TODAY BIO. - : Elsevier. - 2590-0064. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasma is regularly alluded to as the fourth form of matter. Its bounty presence in nature along with its potential antibacterial properties has made it a widely utilized disinfectant in clinical sciences. Thermal plasma and nonthermal (or cold atmospheric) plasma (NTP) are two types of plasma. Atoms and heavy particles are both available at the same temperature in thermal plasma. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is intended to be nonthermal since its electrons are hotter than the heavier particles at ambient temperature. Direct barrier discharge (DBD), atmospheric plasma pressure jet (APPJ), etc. methods can be used to produce plasma, however, all follow a basic concept in their generation. This review focuses on the anticipated uses of cold atmospheric plasma in dentistry, such as its effectiveness in sterilizing dental instruments by eradicating bacteria, its advantage in dental cavity decontamination over conventional methods, root canal disinfection, its effects on tooth whitening, the benefits of plasma treatment on the success of dental implant placement, and so forth. Moreover, the limitations and probable solutions has also been anticipated. These conceivable outcomes thus have proclaimed the improvement of more up-to-date gadgets, for example, the plasma needle and plasma pen, which are efficient in treating the small areas like root canal bleaching, biofilm disruption, requiring treatment in dentistry.
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| 14. |
- Liu, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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Bone mineral : A trojan horse for bone cancers. Efficient mitochondria targeted delivery and tumor eradication with nano hydroxyapatite containing doxorubicin
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials Today Bio. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-0064. ; 14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Efficient systemic pharmacological treatment of solid tumors is hampered by inadequate tumor concentration of cytostatics necessitating development of smart local drug delivery systems. To overcome this, we demonstrate that doxorubicin (DOX), a cornerstone drug used for osteosarcoma treatment, shows reversible accretion to hydroxyapatite (HA) of both nano (nHA) and micro (mHA) size. nHA particles functionalized with DOX get engulfed in the lysosome of osteosarcoma cells where the acidic microenvironment causes a disruption of the binding between DOX and HA. The released DOX then accumulates in the mitochondria causing cell starvation, reduced migration and apoptosis. The HA+DOX delivery system was also tested in-vivo on osteosarcoma bearing mice. Locally delivered DOX via the HA particles had a stronger tumor eradication effect compared to the controls as seen by PET-CT and immunohistochemical staining of proliferation and apoptosis markers. These results indicate that in addition to systemic chemotherapy, an adjuvant nHA could be used as a carrier for intracellular delivery of DOX for prevention of tumor recurrence after surgical resection in an osteosarcoma. Furthermore, we demonstrate that nHA particles are pivotal in this approach but a combination of nHA with mHA could increase the safety associated with particulate nanomaterials while maintaining similar therapeutic potential.
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| 15. |
- Naser, Shaikh Sheeran, et al.
(författare)
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Posterity of nanoscience as lipid nanosystems for Alzheimer's disease regression
- 2023
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Ingår i: MATERIALS TODAY BIO. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-0064. ; 21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a type of dementia that affects a vast number of people around the world, causing a great deal of misery and death. Evidence reveals a relationship between the presence of soluble A & beta; peptide aggregates and the severity of dementia in Alzheimer's patients. The BBB (Blood Brain Barrier) is a key problem in Alzheimer's disease because it prevents therapeutics from reaching the desired places. To address the issue, lipid nanosystems have been employed to deliver therapeutic chemicals for anti-AD therapy in a precise and targeted manner. The applicability and clinical significance of lipid nanosystems to deliver therapeutic chemicals (Galantamine, Nicotinamide, Quercetin, Resveratrol, Curcumin, HUPA, Rapamycin, and Ibuprofen) for anti-AD therapy will be discussed in this review. Furthermore, the clinical implications of the aforementioned therapeutic compounds for anti-AD treatment have been examined. Thus, this review will pave the way for researchers to fashion therodiagnostics approaches based on nanomedicine to overcome the problems of delivering therapeutic molecules across the blood brain barrier (BBB).
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| 16. |
- Saha, Utsa, et al.
(författare)
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Detrimental consequences of micropolymers associated plasticizers on endocrinal disruption
- 2024
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Ingår i: MATERIALS TODAY BIO. - : Elsevier. - 2590-0064. ; 27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence of polymer usage in everyday activities has emerged as a detriment to both human life and the environment. A large number of studies describe severe impacts of micropolymers (MP) and nanopolymers (NP) on various organ systems, including the endocrine system. Additionally, plasticizers utilized as additives have been identified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). MP/NP, along with associated plasticizers, affect principal signalling pathways of endocrine glands such as the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and gonads, thereby disrupting hormone function and metabolic processes crucial for maintaining homeostasis, fertility, neural development, and fetal growth. This review delves into the sources, distribution, and effects of micropolymers, nanopolymers, and associated plasticizers acting as EDCs. Furthermore, it provides a detailed review of the mechanisms underlying endocrine disruption in relation to different types of MP/NP.
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| 17. |
- Sinha, Adrija, et al.
(författare)
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The translational paradigm of nanobiomaterials : Biological chemistry to modern applications
- 2022
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Ingår i: MATERIALS TODAY BIO. - : Elsevier. - 2590-0064. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently nanotechnology has evolved as one of the most revolutionary technologies in the world. It has now become a multi-trillion-dollar business that covers the production of physical, chemical, and biological systems at scales ranging from atomic and molecular levels to a wide range of industrial applications, such as electronics, medicine, and cosmetics. Nanobiomaterials synthesis are promising approaches produced from various biological elements be it plants, bacteria, peptides, nucleic acids, etc. Owing to the better biocompatibility and biological approach of synthesis, they have gained immense attention in the biomedical field. Moreover, due to their scaled -down sized property, nanobiomaterials exhibit remarkable features which make them the potential candidate for different domains of tissue engineering, materials science, pharmacology, biosensors, etc. Miscellaneous char-acterization techniques have been utilized for the characterization of nanobiomaterials. Currently, the commer-cial transition of nanotechnology from the research level to the industrial level in the form of nano-scaffolds, implants, and biosensors is stimulating the whole biomedical field starting from bio-mimetic nacres to 3D printing, multiple nanofibers like silk fibers functionalizing as drug delivery systems and in cancer therapy. The contribution of single quantum dot nanoparticles in biological tagging typically in the discipline of genomics and proteomics is noteworthy. This review focuses on the diverse emerging applications of Nanobiomaterials and their mechanistic advancements owing to their physiochemical properties leading to the growth of industries on different biomedical measures. Alongside the implementation of such nanobiomaterials in several drug and gene delivery approaches, optical coding, photodynamic cancer therapy, and vapor sensing have been elaborately discussed in this review. Different parameters based on current challenges and future perspectives are also dis-cussed here.
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| 18. |
- Skjöldebrand, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Current status and future potential of wear-resistant coatings and articulating surfaces for hip and knee implants
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials Today Bio. - : Elsevier. - 2590-0064. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hip and Knee joint replacements are a common and largely successful procedure that utilise implants to restore mobility and relieve pain for patients suffering from e.g. osteoarthritis. However, ions released from both the bearing surfaces and non-articulating interfaces, as in modular components, can cause hypersensitivity and local tissue necrosis, while particles originating from a polymer component have been associated with aseptic loosening and osteolysis. Implant coatings have the potential to improve surface properties compared to both bulk metal and ceramic alternatives. A ceramic coating has the potential to increase scratch resistance, provide greater wettability and reduce wear rates of the counter surface compared to the metallic substrate, whilst maintaining an overall toughness of the bulk implant material and hence lower the risk of catastrophic failure of the device compared to a bulk ceramic material. Coatings can also act as barriers to inhibit ion release from the underlying material caused by corrosion. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of coatings that are (i) in current clinical use and (ii) under investigation for future use in joint replacements. While the majority of coatings belong predominantly in the latter group, a few coated implants have been successfully exploited and are available for clinical use in specific applications. Commercially available products include titanium nitride (TiN), titanium niobium nitride (TiNbN), oxidized zirconium (OxZr) and zirconium nitride (ZrN) based coatings, whereas current research is focused not only on these, but also on diamond-like-carbon (DLC), silicon nitride (SiN), chromium nitride (CrN) and tantalum-based coatings (TaN and TaO). The coating materials referred to above that are still at the research stage have been shown to be non-cytotoxic and to reduce wear in a laboratory setting. However, the adhesion of the coatings to the implant remains a main area of concern, as poor adhesion can cause delamination and excessive wear. In clinical applications zirconium implant surfaces treated to achieve a zirconium oxide film and TiNbN coated implants have however been proven comparable to traditional cobalt chromium implants with regards to revision numbers. In addition, the chromium ion levels measured in the plasma of patients were lower and allergy symptoms were relieved. Therefore, coated implants could be considered an alternative, in particular, for patients with metal hypersensitivity. There have also been unsuccessful introductions to the market, such as DLC coated implants, and therefore this review also attempts to summarize the lessons learnt.
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| 19. |
- Tavakoli, Shima, et al.
(författare)
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Unveiling extracellular matrix assembly : Insights and approaches through bioorthogonal chemistry
- 2023
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Ingår i: MATERIALS TODAY BIO. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-0064. ; 22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Visualizing cells, tissues, and their components specifically without interference with cellular functions, such as biochemical reactions, and cellular viability remains important for biomedical researchers worldwide. For an improved understanding of disease progression, tissue formation during development, and tissue regeneration, labeling extracellular matrix (ECM) components secreted by cells persists is required. Bioorthogonal chemistry approaches offer solutions to visualizing and labeling ECM constituents without interfering with other chemical or biological events. Although biorthogonal chemistry has been studied extensively for several applications, this review summarizes the recent advancements in using biorthogonal chemistry specifically for metabolic labeling and visualization of ECM proteins and glycosaminoglycans that are secreted by cells and living tissues. Challenges, limitations, and future directions surrounding biorthogonal chemistry involved in the labeling of ECM components are discussed. Finally, potential solutions for improvements to biorthogonal chemical approaches are suggested. This would provide theoretical guidance for labeling and visualization of de novo proteins and polysaccharides present in ECM that are cell-secreted for example during tissue remodeling or in vitro differentiation of stem cells.
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| 20. |
- Umrao, S., et al.
(författare)
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Anticarcinogenic activity of blue fluorescent hexagonal boron nitride quantum dots : as an effective enhancer for DNA cleavage activity of anticancer drug doxorubicin
- 2019
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Ingår i: MATERIALS TODAY BIO. - : ELSEVIER. - 2590-0064. ; 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blue fluorescent hexagonal boron nitride quantum dots (h-BNQDs) of similar to 10 nm size as an effective enhancer for DNA cleavage activity of anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) were synthesized using simple one-step hydrothermal disintegration of exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride at very low temperature similar to 120 degrees C. Boron nitride quantum dots ( BNQDs) at a concentration of 25 mu g/ml enhanced DNA cleavage activity of DOX up to 70% as checked by converting supercoiled fragment into nicked circular PBR322 DNA. The interaction of BNQDs with DOX is proportional to the concentration of BNQDs, with binding constant K-b similar to 0.07338 mu g/ml. In addition, ab initio theoretical results indicate that DOX is absorbed on BNQDs at the N-terminated edge with binding energy -1.075 eV and prevented the normal replication mechanisms in DNA. BNQDs have been shown to kill the breast cancer cell MCF-7 extensively as compared with the normal human keratinocyte cell HaCaT. The cytotoxicity of BNQDs may be correlated with reduced reactive oxygen species level and increased apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, which may be liable to enhance the anticancerous activity of DOX. The results provide a base to develop BNQD-DOX as a more effective anticancer drug.
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| 21. |
- Verma, Suresh K., et al.
(författare)
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Altered electrochemical properties of iron oxide nanoparticles by carbon enhance molecular biocompatibility through discrepant atomic interaction
- 2021
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Ingår i: MATERIALS TODAY BIO. - : Elsevier. - 2590-0064. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent advancement in nanotechnology seeks exploration of new techniques for improvement in the molecular, chemical, and biological properties of nanoparticles. In this study, carbon modification of octahedral-shaped magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was done using two-step chemical processes with sucrose as a carbon source for improvement in their electrochemical application and higher molecular biocompatibility. X-ray diffraction analysis and electron microscopy confirmed the alteration in single-phase octahedral morphology and carbon attachment in Fe3O4 structure. The magnetization saturation and BET surface area for Fe3O4, Fe3O4/C, and alpha-Fe2O3/C were measured as 90, 86, and 27 emu/g and 16, 56, and 89 m2/g with an average pore size less than 7 nm. Cyclic voltammogram and galvanostatic charge/discharge studies showed the highest specific capacitance of carbon-modified Fe3O4 and alpha-Fe2O3 as 213 F/g and 192 F/g. The in vivo biological effect of altered physicochemical properties of Fe3O4 and alpha-Fe2O3 was assessed at the cellular and molecular level with embryonic zebrafish. Mechanistic in vivo toxicity analysis showed a reduction in oxidative stress in carbon-modified alpha-Fe2O3 exposed zebrafish embryos compared to Fe3O4 due to despaired infiuential atomic interaction with sod1 protein along with significant less morphological abnormalities and apoptosis. The study provided insight into improving the characteristic of MNPs for electrochemical application and higher biological biocompatibility.
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