SwePub - sökning: L773:2590 3330 OR L773:2590 33...

Numrering	Referens	Omslagsbild	Hitta
1.	Althoff, Daniel, 1991-, et al. (författare) Global patterns in water flux partitioning : Irrigated and rainfed agriculture drives asymmetrical flux to vegetation over runoff 2023 Ingår i: One Earth. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 6:9, s. 1246-1257 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The partitioning of precipitation water input on land between green (evapotranspiration) and blue (runoff) water fluxes distributes the annually renewable freshwater resource among sectors and ecosystems. The patterns and main drivers of this partitioning are not fully understood around the global land area. We decipher the worldwide patterns and key determinants of this water flux partitioning and investigate its predictability based on a global machine learning model. Available data for 3,614 hydrological catchments and model application to the global land area agree in showing mostly larger green than blue water flux. Possible expansion/intensification of irrigated and/or rainfed agriculture to feed a growing human population, along with climate warming, will tend to increase this flux partitioning asymmetry, jeopardizing blue water security. The developed machine learning model presents a promising predictive tool for future blue and green water availability under various forthcoming climate and land-use change scenarios around the world.
2.	Bager, Simon L., et al. (författare) Eighty-six EU policy options for reducing imported deforestation 2021 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3322 .- 2590-3330. ; 4:2, s. 289-306 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Despite the importance of tropical forest conservation in achieving global sustainability goals and the key role of forest-risk commodity trade in driving deforestation, consumer country policy options for reducing imported deforestation have received limited scholarly attention. Drawing on gray literature and a European Commission public consultation, we identify 86 policy options for the European Union to address deforestation. We assess the political feasibility and map the “theory of change” (TOC)—the causal chain through which the policies address deforestation—for each of these policy options, identifying a trade-off between feasibility and potential impacts: information-based and cooperative policies, which dominate our sample, typically exhibit high feasibility, but mostly lack convincing TOCs, while more stringent regulatory and market-based policy options generally have lower feasibility. We propose three principles for overcoming the feasibility-impact dilemma: (1) build policies on proven TOCs, (2) use policy mixes, and (3) work with key stakeholders, supply chains, and regions. Images of distressed orangutans in Indonesia and forest fires in Brazil have increased public awareness of deforestation across the globe. Still, deforestation continues more or less unabated, driven by demand for forest-risk commodities, such as palm, soy, cocoa, and beef. What can the European Union (EU) and other consumer regions do to address this problem? Here we present 86 policy options for the EU to address tropical deforestation, identified through a review of gray literature and EU stakeholder consultation responses. Analyzing these, we show that policy options that are politically feasible policies tend to have a weaker theory of change—the causal chain through which the policies address deforestation—setting up a trade-off between feasibility and impact. However, there are exceptions, such as mandatory due diligence, which show potential impact and appear politically feasible. Through policy mixing and working with key stakeholders, supply chains, and producer regions, these barriers can be overcome. Images of distressed orangutans in Indonesia and forest fires in Brazil have increased public awareness of deforestation. Still, deforestation continues unabated, driven by demand for forest-risk commodities, such as palm and soy. Here, we present 86 policy options for the EU to reduce imported deforestation. We identify a trade-off between policy feasibility and potential impact. Mixing different policies and working with key stakeholders, supply chains, and producer regions can help overcome this trade-off.
3.	Bauer, Fredric, et al. (författare) Plastics and climate change breaking carbon lock-ins through three mitigation pathways 2022 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 5:4, s. 361-376 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract The plastic industry is dependent on fossil fuels in various ways that result in strong “carbon lock-in” throughout the value chain and large and growing CO2 emissions. The industry must decarbonize to reach global net-zero pledges. Although a few initiatives have been launched, they primarily focus on plastic waste. Current research has investigated mitigation potential on different parts of the plastic value chain but remains in silos. Here, we review carbon lock-ins throughout the plastic value chain and identify possible mitigation pathways for each stage of the plastic life cycle. We show how lock-ins are stubbornly entrenched across the domains of production, markets, waste management, industry organization, and governance. Overcoming these carbon lock-ins and achieving zero-carbon targets for the sector by 2050 will require thorough systemic change to how plastics are produced, used, and recycled, including promotion of demand reduction strategies, bio-based feedstocks, and circular economy principles. Strict governance structures, enforceable regulation, and a new proactive and inclusive vision for the low-carbon transition are equally important.
4.	Benitez, Almudena, et al. (författare) A renaissance for lithium-sulfur batteries through low-cost, efficient, and sustainable biomass cathodes 2022 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 5:3, s. 224-226 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Although lithium-ion batteries face material sustainability issues, one promising alternative-lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries-suffers from destructive chemical reactions. Recently in Chem, Hou et al. proposed one viable solution: an encapsulating lithium polysulfide electrolyte. We discuss this advance and the potential role of biomass as an alternative sustainable material for Li-S battery cathodes.
5.	Bennich, Therese, et al. (författare) Recurring patterns of SDG interlinkages and how they can advance the 2030 Agenda 2023 Ingår i: One Earth. - : CELL PRESS. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 6:11, s. 1465-1476 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set a vision for a more sustainable world, to be realized by 2030. Progress to date is insufficient and implementation challenges are many, including the need for strategies that maximize synergies and mitigate trade-offs and conflicts among the goals. This scoping review synthesizes 51 recent scientific articles on interlinkages, with findings that can help decision-makers address this challenge. We identify recurring patterns of SDG interlinkages, including SDGs that promote other SDGs (e.g., SDGs 4, 6, and 17) and those at risk due to negative impacts from progress in other areas (e.g., SDGs 14 and 15). Such patterns can inform national and local implementation. Further research is needed to clarify the systemic roles of some SDGs (e.g., SDGs 10-12), understand causal relationships, and assess policy options. We make six recommendations for science to make interlinkages knowledge more accessible and for decision-makers to systematically use this knowledge.
6.	Billen, Gilles, et al. (författare) Reshaping the European agro-food system and closing its nitrogen cycle: The potential of combining dietary change, agroecology, and circularity 2021 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3322 .- 2590-3330. ; 4:6, s. 839-850 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract After World War II, the evolution of Europe's agro-food system has been marked by intensified use of synthetic fertilizers, territorial specialization, and integration in global food and feed markets. This evolution led to increased nitrogen (N) losses to aquatic environments and the atmosphere, which, despite increasing environmental regulations, continues to harm ecosystems and human well-being. Here, we explore how these N losses can be drastically reduced in a scenario synergistically operating three levers: (1) a dietary change toward less animal products and an efficient recycling of human excreta; (2) the generalization of region-specific organic crop rotation systems involving N2-fixing legumes, making it possible to do without synthetic N fertilizers; and (3) the reconnection of livestock with cropping systems allowing optimal use of manure. This scenario demonstrates the possibility to feed the projected European population in 2050 without imports of feed and with half the current level of environmental N losses.
7.	Boyd, Emily, et al. (författare) Loss and damage from climate change: A new climate justice agenda 2021 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 4:10, s. 1365-1370 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The effects of climate change, whether they be via slow- or rapid-onset events such as extreme events, are inflicting devastating losses and damage on communities around the world, with the most vulnerable affected the most. Although the negative impacts of climate change and the concept of loss and damage are included in international conventions, such as the United Nations Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage and Article 8 of the Paris Agreement, these stop short of providing clear compensation mechanisms. The science of loss and damage has evolved with the development of extreme event attribution science, which assesses the probability of an extreme event being influenced by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, but loss and damage still suffers from the lack of a clear definition and measurability and is further complicated by debates on climate justice and shared but differentiated responsibilities. This primer presents an overview of loss and damage, discusses the complexities and knowledge gaps, and proposes next steps for an interdisciplinary research agenda.
8.	Carlsen, Henrik, et al. (författare) Chasing artificial intelligence in shared socioeconomic pathways 2024 Ingår i: One Earth. - : CELL PRESS. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 7:1, s. 18-22 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The development of artificial intelligence has likely reached an inflection point, with significant implications for how research needs to address emerging technologies and how they drive long-term socioeconomic development of importance for climate change scenarios.
9.	Carmine, G., et al. (författare) Who is the high seas fishing industry? 2020 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 3:6, s. 730-738 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Seafood companies rarely disclose what or where they are fishing. To provide a first overview of the fishing industry in the high seas-the area beyond national jurisdiction-we linked fishing activity in the high seas to vessel owners and corporate actors. We identified 1,120 corporate actors for 2,482 vessels (similar to 2/3 of high seas fishing vessels and effort in 2018) and found that the top 100 corporate actors account for 36% of all high seas fishing effort. As attribution for anthropogenic activities expands beyond a national framework, we demonstrate the feasibility of methods to identify the high seas fishing industry. These results provide a unique lens through which to view accountability for the use and protection of marine biodiversity.
10.	Carney Almroth, Bethanie, et al. (författare) Understanding and addressing the planetary crisis of chemicals and plastics 2022 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 5:10, s. 1070-1074 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Planetary functions are destabilized by the releases of large quantities and numbers of anthropogenic chemicals, which go beyond planetary boundaries and threaten the safe operating space for humanity. Here, we call for urgent action to mitigate these threats and identify opportunities for intervention along the impact pathway of anthropogenic chemicals, including plastics.
11.	Chopin, Thierry, et al. (författare) Deep-ocean seaweed dumping for carbon sequestration: Questionable, risky, and not the best use of valuable biomass 2024 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 7:3, s. 359-364 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Deep-ocean seaweed dumping is not an ecological, economical, or ethical answer to climate-change mitigation via carbon “sequestration.” Without sound science and sufficient knowledge on impacts to these fragile ecosystems, it distracts from more rational and effective blue-carbon interventions. We call for a moratorium on sinking seaweeds to deep-ocean ecosystems until its efficacy is established, and there is robust, evidence-based assessment of its environmental, economic, and societal sustainability.
12.	Colding, Johan, et al. (författare) Supporting bottom-up human agency for adapting to climate change 2020 Ingår i: One Earth. - : CellPress. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 3:4, s. 392-395 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The metric focus of sustainability thinking is at risk of downplaying the role of climate-change adaptation as a strategy complementary to climate-change mitigation. The upcoming 26th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP26) needs to explore how adaptation based on human agency could contribute to dealing with climate change.
13.	Crona, Beatrice, et al. (författare) China at a Crossroads : An Analysis of China's Changing Seafood Production and Consumption 2020 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 3:1, s. 32-44 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract China is a key player in global production, consumption, and trade of seafood. Given this dominance, Chinese choices regarding what seafood to eat, and how and where to source it, are increasingly important—for China, and for the rest of the world. This perspective explores this issue using a transdisciplinary approach and discusses plausible trajectories and implications for assumptions of future modeling efforts and global environmental sustainability and seafood supply. We outline China's 2030 projected domestic seafood production and consumption through an examination of available statistics, and qualitatively evaluate these in relation to key stated Chinese policy targets, consumer trends, and dominant political narratives. Our analysis shows that by 2030 China is likely to see seafood consumption outstrip domestic production. To meet the seafood gap China will likely attempt to increase domestic freshwater and offshore aquaculture, increase seafood imports, possibly expand the distant water fishing industry, and invest in seafood production abroad.
14.	Crona, Beatrice, et al. (författare) The Anthropocene reality of financial risk 2021 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 4:5, s. 618-628 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Globally, financial services are well positioned to contribute to the transformation needed for sustainable futures and will be critical for supporting corporate activities that regenerate and promote biosphere resilience as a key strategy to confront the new risk landscape of the Anthropocene. While current financial risk frameworks focus primarily on financial materiality and risks to the financial sector, failure to account for investment externalities will aggravate climate and other environmental change and set current sustainable finance initiatives off course. This article unpacks the cognitive disconnect in financial risk frameworks between environmental and financial risk. Through analysis of environmental, social, and governance ratings and estimates of global green investments, we exemplify how the cognitive disconnect around risk plays out in practice. We discuss what this means for the ability of society at large, and finance in particular, to deliver on sustainability ambitions and global goals.
15.	Crona, Beatrice, et al. (författare) Transforming toward sustainability through financial markets: Four challenges and how to turn them into opportunities 2021 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3322 .- 2590-3330. ; 4:5, s. 599-601 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This commentary lays out four challenges that currently prevent capital markets from contributing to a socially and environmentally sustainable economy. It reflects on how these can be turned into opportunities and the role of transdisciplinary research and action in promoting such change.
16.	Daoudy, Marwa, et al. (författare) Migration and the 2030 Agenda 2022 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 5:8, s. 838-840 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The migration of people poses many challenges but also opportunities and has strong implications for the success and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Conversely, the 2030 Agenda consti-tutes a vital opportunity to improve migrants' lives. This Voices asks: how should migration be integrated into, and actioned within, the SDG framework to maximize positive, and minimize negative, outcomes?
17.	Diana, Zoie, et al. (författare) Voluntary commitments made by the world’s largest companies focus on recycling and packaging over other actions to address the plastics crisis 2022 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 5:11, s. 1286-1306 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Plastic pollution has caused significant environmental and health challenges. Corporations that contribute to the manufacture, use, and distribution of plastics can play a vital role in addressing global plastic pollution and many are committing to voluntary pledges. However, the extent to which corporations’ voluntary commitments are helping solve the problem remains underexplored. Here, we develop a novel typology to characterize voluntary commitments to reduce plastic pollution made between 2015 and 2020 by 973 companies, including the top 300 of the Fortune Global 500. We find that 72% of these companies have made some form of commitment(s) to reduce plastic pollution. About 67% of companies participating in voluntary environmental programs (VEPs) and 17% of non-VEP participants made measurable and timebound commitments. However, rather than tackle virgin plastics, most companies target packaging and general plastics and frequently emphasize recycling-related efforts. Growing commitments on plastic pollution are made by large and important companies, but significantly more efforts beyond plastic recycling are required to effectively address plastic pollution challenges.
18.	Diedrich, Amy, et al. (författare) An applied research agenda for navigating diverse livelihood challenges in rural coastal communities in the tropics 2022 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 5:11, s. 1205-1215 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Rural, tropical coastal communities are experiencing sustained, often increasing food insecurity, poverty, and global change impacts. These challenges have stimulated a rise in projects aiming to enhance and diversify local livelihoods. The ability of these projects to achieve broad-scale benefits is limited by approaches that do not account for feedbacks among sectors and across marine and terrestrial environments. To address these limitations, we present an applied research agenda to support an integrated approach to livelihood project planning and management. This agenda explicitly examines interactions among natural resources, industries, and livelihoods and is based on three foundational activities: (1) a governance review and assessment, (2) strategic partnership formation, and (3) a diagnostic approach supported by science and shared outcomes. We add structure to the established logic in our field by broadening the sectoral and spatial scope of livelihoods projects, so they can better contribute to interrelated UN Sustainable Development Goals.
19.	Domingo, Nina G.G., et al. (författare) Ozone-related acute excess mortality projected to increase in the absence of climate and air quality controls consistent with the Paris Agreement 2024 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 7:2, s. 325-335 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Short-term exposure to ground-level ozone in cities is associated with increased mortality and is expected to worsen with climate and emission changes. However, no study has yet comprehensively assessed future ozone-related acute mortality across diverse geographic areas, various climate scenarios, and using CMIP6 multi-model ensembles, limiting our knowledge on future changes in global ozone-related acute mortality and our ability to design targeted health policies. Here, we combine CMIP6 simulations and epidemiological data from 406 cities in 20 countries or regions. We find that ozone-related deaths in 406 cities will increase by 45 to 6,200 deaths/year between 2010 and 2014 and between 2050 and 2054, with attributable fractions increasing in all climate scenarios (from 0.17% to 0.22% total deaths), except the single scenario consistent with the Paris Climate Agreement (declines from 0.17% to 0.15% total deaths). These findings stress the need for more stringent air quality regulations, as current standards in many countries are inadequate.
20.	D'Orazio, Paola, et al. (författare) Catalyzing the transformation to sustainable finance 2023 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 6:10, s. 1271-1276 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The modern financial system has enabled a globalized economy by leveraging investments for production, consumption, and the trade of goods and services. However, this system has also engendered a series of wicked problems and externalities, including but not limited to climate change, environmental pollution, biodiversity loss, and inequalities that significantly challenge the well-being of nature and people. The system is also currently inadequate with regards to financing sustainable development, as recognized by the 2015 Addis Ababa Action Agenda. This Voices asks: what must be done to transform today's financial system for a sustainable future?
21.	Falkenmark, Malin, et al. (författare) A water-function-based framework for understanding and governing water resilience in the Anthropocene 2021 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 4:2, s. 213-225 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The freshwater cycle over land is fundamental for sustainability and resilience, yet is extensively modified and shaped by a vast range of human interventions in the land, water, and climate systems. The consequences of human water-cycle modifications can be non-linear, delayed, and distributed across boundaries, sectors, and scale. This complexity renders freshwater challenges difficult to govern and manage. We here propose a framework for understanding water's many functions for supporting, regulating, and stabilizing hydro-climatic, hydro-ecological, and hydro-social systems. This framework recognizes human impacts on major partitioning points, interactions among water functions, and stabilization and destabilization processes. A functional understanding of the freshwater cycle can integrate with social-ecological resilience-building principles, complement existing water sustainability governance approaches, and highlight the potential need for Earth-system-level governance of water. Recognizing water's diverse functional roles for resilience may promote a new generation of holistic and integrative water- land-climate governance.
22.	Farmery, Anna K., et al. (författare) Blind spots in visions of a blue economy could undermine the ocean's contribution to eliminating hunger and malnutrition 2021 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 4:1, s. 28-38 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Increasing the production of food from the ocean is seen as a pathway toward more sustainable and healthier human diets. Yet this potential is being overshadowed by competing uses of ocean resources in an accelerating blue economy.'' The current emphasis on production growth, rather than equitable distribution of benefits, has created three unexamined or flawed assumptions that growth in the blue economy will lead to growth in blue food'' production, increased production will inevitably lead to improved food and nutrition security, and mariculture production will replace marine capture fisheries. In this perspective, we argue that if research and policies are pursued without addressing these blind spots,'' blue food contributions to reducing hunger and malnutrition, and to meeting the Sustainable Development Goals, will be limited. Taking a broader food-system approach beyond production to also considering food access, affordability, and consumption will refocus the blue food agenda on making production and consumption more equitable and sustainable while increasing access for those who need it most.
23.	Franke, A., et al. (författare) Operationalizing Ocean Health : Toward Integrated Research on Ocean Health and Recovery to Achieve Ocean Sustainability 2020 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 2:6, s. 557-565 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Protecting the ocean has become a major goal of international policy as human activities increasingly endanger the integrity of the ocean ecosystem, often summarized as “ocean health.” By and large, efforts to protect the ocean have failed because, among other things, (1) the underlying socio-ecological pathways have not been properly considered, and (2) the concept of ocean health has been ill defined. Collectively, this prevents an adequate societal response as to how ocean ecosystems and their vital functions for human societies can be protected and restored. We review the confusion surrounding the term “ocean health” and suggest an operational ocean-health framework in line with the concept of strong sustainability. Given the accelerating degeneration of marine ecosystems, the restoration of regional ocean health will be of increasing importance. Our advocated transdisciplinary and multi-actor framework can help to advance the implementation of more active measures to restore ocean health and safeguard human health and well-being.
24.	Fuss, Sabine, et al. (författare) Moving toward Net-Zero Emissions Requires New Alliances for Carbon Dioxide Removal 2020 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3322 .- 2590-3330. ; 3:2, s. 145-149 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The 1.5 degrees C target will require removing at least some of the carbon dioxide (CO2) previously emitted. Knowledge on how this can be done has been increasing, though barriers remain concerning governance, policy, and acceptability. For the 26th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP26) to move beyond an academic debate on CO2 removal (CDR), a broader alliance of research and policy communities, industry, and the public is needed.
25.	Galaz, Victor (författare) Global environmental governance in times of turbulence 2022 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 5:6, s. 582-585 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract 50 years might not seem long in the history of planet Earth, but the last 50 years have had profound implications for our living planet. 2022 marks the 50th anniversaries of the United Nations Environment Programme and the historic 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment. These anniversaries invite us all to reflect on the successes and failures of collective action and global environmental governance.
26.	Ghermandi, Andrea, et al. (författare) Social media data for environmental sustainability : A critical review of opportunities, threats, and ethical use 2023 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 6:3, s. 236-250 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Social media data are transforming sustainability science. However, challenges from restrictions in data accessibility and ethical concerns regarding potential data misuse have threatened this nascent field. Here, we review the literature on the use of social media data in environmental and sustainability research. We find that they can play a novel and irreplaceable role in achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals by allowing a nuanced understanding of human-nature interactions at scale, observing the dynamics of social-ecological change, and investigating the co-construction of nature values. We reveal threats to data access and highlight scientific responsibility to address trade-offs between research transparency and privacy protection, while promoting inclusivity. This contributes to a wider societal debate of social media data for sustainability science and for the common good.
27.	Ghosh, Emily, et al. (författare) Building inclusive cities for a sustainable future 2021 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 4:2, s. 161-164 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract As engines of economic growth and pollution hotspots, cities have been cited as a prime opportunity to address a host of environmental grand challenges. Yet action taken is not always universally beneficial, and inequalities are spiraling. This Voices seeks to uncover the heterogeneity of urban inequality and identify necessary actions for a fairer future.
28.	Hahn, Thomas, 1964-, et al. (författare) No net loss of biodiversity, green growth, and the need to address drivers 2022 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 5:6, s. 612-614 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Biodiversity offsets and no net loss (NNL) are important tools for the international policy focus on ecological restoration. In this issue of One Earth, Kajula et al. call for national, public offset registers to enable evaluations of biodiversity offset programs. Here, we argue that we also need to control the main drivers of biodiversity loss.
29.	Henriksson, Patrik John Gustav, et al. (författare) Interventions for improving the productivity and environmental performance of global aquaculture for future food security 2021 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 4:9, s. 1220-1232 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Aquatic foods are increasingly being recognized as having an important role to play in an environmentally sustainable and nutritionally sufficient food system. Proposals for increasing aquatic food production often center around species, environments, and ambitious hi-tech solutions that mainly will benefit the 16% of the global population living in high-income countries. Meanwhile, most aquaculture species and systems suffer from large performance gaps, meaning that targeted interventions and investments could significantly boost aquatic food supply and access to nutritious foods without a concomitant increase in environmental footprints. Here we contend that the dialogue around aquatic foods should pay greater attention to identifying and implementing interventions to improve the productivity and environmental performance of low-value commodity species that have been relatively overlooked in this regard to date. We detail a range of available technical and institutional intervention options and evaluate their potential for increasing the output and environmental performance of global aquaculture.
30.	Hill, Rosemary, et al. (författare) Nature's contributions to people: Weaving plural perspectives 2021 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 4:7, s. 910-915 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract “Nature's contributions to people” (NCP) is designed to provide space for the recognition of diverse and evolving culturally mediated ideas about what people derive from, and co-produce with, nature. Its origins, along with the IPBES conceptual framework in which it is embedded, is transdisciplinary, action-oriented, and inclusive and also embraces pluralism. NCP provides both generalizing and context-specific perspectives and analytical tools that can be interwoven and enables diverse actors to represent nature-people interactions for different scales, audiences, and decision-makers. NCP therefore can be used to understand and communicate the ways in which ongoing biodiversity decline may affect the complex relationships between people and nature. This Primer presents NCP in accessible language, highlights its unique contribution as a tool for plural valuation of nature in conservation assessments, clarifies common misconceptions, and provides examples of the innovative ways NCP has already been applied around the world.
31.	Hsu, Angel, et al. (författare) Opportunities and barriers to net-zero cities 2022 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 5:7, s. 739-744 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Today, more than 700 cities worldwide have made net-zero pledges. Managing these bold targets, however, is not easy given the complexity of urban systems. Although holistic mitigation efforts are vital, individual sectors are likely to face their own challenges and require tailor-made solutions. This Voices asks: what are the challenges and opportunities in transforming cities toward net-zero carbon emissions?
32.	Huebner, Gesche M., et al. (författare) Effectively and equitably steering pro-environmental behavior 2023 Ingår i: One Earth. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 6:4, s. 329-332 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract According to the IPCC, changes to our lifestyles and behavior could result in a 40%–70% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. However, promoting impactful behavioral shifts through norms, policies, infrastructure, and technology remains challenging. This Voices asks: what must be considered to successfully guide low-carbon behavioral changes toward both sustainable and equitable outcomes?
33.	Huo, Jingwen, et al. (författare) Drivers of fluctuating embodied carbon emissions in international services trade 2021 Ingår i: One Earth. - : ELSEVIER. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 4:9, s. 1322-1332 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Service industries are generally considered "green'' because of their marginal direct emissions; however, they account for 65% of the world gross domestic product and over 20% of total global trade in 2019. Here, we quantify the evolution of carbon emissions embodied in services trade from 2010 to 2018 and identify the driving factors of emission change at the global and regional scales. The annual growth rate of embodied emissions exported from the Global South (2.0%) is double that of the Global North (1.0%), with a different trade structure. We further identify three trade patterns of service export in the Global South based on the bilateral trade partnership and annual growth rate. Three kinds of specific emission mitigation policies are proposed based on the characters of services trade and different trade structures between different regions. The results provide quantitative evidence currently lacking and critical to policy decision making.
34.	Jacquemont, Juliette, et al. (författare) Ocean conservation boosts climate change mitigation and adaptation 2022 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 5:10, s. 1126-1138 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly being promoted as an ocean-based climate solution. However, such claims remain controversial because of the diffuse and poorly synthesized literature on climate benefits of MPAs. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic literature review of 22,403 publications spanning 241 MPAs and analyzed these across 16 ecological and social pathways through which MPAs could contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation. Our meta-analysis demonstrates that marine conservation can significantly enhance carbon sequestration, coastal protection, biodiversity, and the reproductive capacity of marine organisms as well as fishers’ catch and income. Most of these benefits are only achieved in fully or highly protected areas and increase with MPA age. Although MPAs alone cannot offset all climate change impacts, they are a useful tool for climate change mitigation and adaptation of social-ecological systems.
35.	Kan, Siyi, et al. (författare) Risk of intact forest landscape loss goes beyond global agricultural supply chains 2023 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3322 .- 2590-3330. ; 6:1, s. 55-65 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The continued loss of unfragmented intact forest landscapes (IFLs) despite numerous global conservation initiatives indicates the need for improved knowledge of proximate and underlying drivers. Yet the role of non-agricultural activities in forest degradation and fragmentation has not received adequate attention. We focus on IFL loss caused by various economic activities and investigate the influence of global consumption and trade via the multi-regional input-output model. For IFL loss associated with the 2014 world economy, over 60% was related to final consumption of non-agricultural products. More than one-third of IFL loss was linked to export, primarily from Russia, Canada, and tropical regions to mainland China, the EU, and the United States. Of IFL loss associated with export, 51% and 26% was directly caused by logging and mining or energy extraction, respectively. The dispersed nature of IFL loss drivers and their indirect links to individual final consumers call for stronger government engagement and supply chain interventions.
36.	Kastner, Thomas, et al. (författare) Global agricultural trade and land system sustainability: Implications for ecosystem carbon storage, biodiversity, and human nutrition 2021 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3322 .- 2590-3330. ; 4:10, s. 1425-1443 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Global land systems are increasingly shaped by international trade of agricultural products. An increasing number of studies have quantified the implications of agricultural trade for single different aspects of land system sustainability. Bringing together studies across different sustainability dimensions, this review inves-tigates how global agricultural trade flows have affected land systems and resulting impacts on food and nutrient availability, natural habitat conversion, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem carbon storage. We show that the effects of trade on land systems are highly heterogeneous across regions and commodities, revealing both synergies and trade-offs between improved nutrition and environmental conservation. For instance, we find that while the concentration of cereal production in North America has spared land, the increased demand for tropical products induced by trade has negatively impacted tropical ecosystems. Based on the current state of knowledge, we identify six pathways for how future research can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of how agricultural trade can positively contribute to meeting global sustainability goals.
37.	Kehoe, Laura, et al. (författare) Inclusion, Transparency, and Enforcement: How the EU-Mercosur Trade Agreement Fails the Sustainability Test Comment 2020 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3322 .- 2590-3330. ; 3:3, s. 268-272 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Trade agreements could help to protect human rights, critical ecosystems, and the climate-but only if sustainability becomes a cornerstone of international trade. The EU-Mercosur trade agreement fails to meet our three tenets of sustainable trade agreements: (1) inclusion of local communities, (2) transparency mechanisms to trace commodities and provide open-access information, and (3) enforcement to legally uphold sustainability commitments.
38.	McPhearson, Timon, et al. (författare) A social-ecological-technological systems framework for urban ecosystem services 2022 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 5:5, s. 505-518 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract As rates of urbanization and climatic change soar, decision-makers are increasingly challenged to provide innovative solutions that simultaneously address climate change impacts and risks and inclusively ensure quality of life for urban residents. Cities have turned to nature-based solutions to help address these challenges. Nature-based solutions, through the provision of ecosystem services, can yield numerous benefits for people and address multiple challenges simultaneously. Yet, efforts to mainstream nature-based solutions are impaired by the complexity of the interacting social, ecological, and technological dimensions of urban systems. This complexity must be understood and managed to ensure ecosystem-service provisioning is effective, equitable, and resilient. Here, we provide a social-ecological-technological system (SETS) framework that builds on decades of urban ecosystem services research to better understand four core challenges associated with urban nature-based solutions: multi-functionality, systemic valuation, scale mismatch of ecosystem services, and inequity and injustice. The framework illustrates the importance of coordinating natural, technological, and socio-economic systems when designing, planning, and managing urban nature-based solutions to enable optimal social-ecological outcomes.
39.	Metson, Genevieve, et al. (författare) Nitrogen and the food system 2021 Ingår i: One Earth. - : ELSEVIER. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 4:1, s. 3-7 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract To stave off world hunger, humanity manipulated and unbalanced the nitrogen cycle. Todays excess fixed nitrogen is a global pollutant, of which our food system is a primary driver. Yet, food insecurity remains a global concern. In this Voices, food-system experts offer insights into the challenge of the sustainable management of nitrogen.
40.	Mohamed, Awaz, et al. (författare) Securing Nature's Contributions to People requires at least 20%-25% (semi-)natural habitat in human-modified landscapes 2024 Ingår i: One Earth. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 7:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The cascading effects of biodiversity decline on human well-being present a pressing challenge for sustainable development. Conservation efforts often prioritize safeguarding specific species, habitats, or intact ecosystems but overlook biodiversity's fundamental role in providing Nature's Contributions to People (NCP) in human -modified landscapes. Here, we systematically review 154 peer -reviewed studies to estimate the minimum levels of (semi -)natural habitat quantity, quality, and spatial configuration needed in human -modified landscapes to secure functional integrity essential for sustaining NCP provision. We find that the provision of multiple NCP is threatened when (semi -)natural habitat in the landscape falls below an area of 20%- 25% for each km2. Five NCP almost completely disappear below a level of 10% habitat. The exact quantity, quality, and spatial configuration of habitat required depends on local context and specific NCP. Today, about two-thirds of human -modified lands have insufficient (semi -)natural habitat, requiring action for NCP regeneration. Our findings serve as a generic guideline to target conservation actions outside natural areas.
41.	Mohan, Aniruddh, et al. (författare) UNFCCC must confront the political economy of net-negative emissions 2021 Ingår i: One Earth. - Cambridge, MA, United States : Cell Press. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 4:10, s. 1348-1351 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Recent demands by developing countries, like India, that developed countries need to reach net-negative emissions, must be negotiated seriously under the UNFCCC. Failure to acknowledge that limiting global average temperature rise to 1.5°C leaves very little carbon budget for equitable redistribution risks further ambiguity on how to achieve the Paris Agreement’s goals.
42.	Nielsen, K. S., et al. (författare) Improving Climate Change Mitigation Analysis : A Framework for Examining Feasibility 2020 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 3:3, s. 325-336 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Limiting global warming to 2°C or less compared with pre-industrial temperatures will require unprecedented rates of decarbonization globally. The scale and scope of transformational change required across sectors and actors in society raises critical questions of feasibility. Much of the literature on mitigation pathways addresses technological and economic aspects of feasibility, but overlooks the behavioral, cultural, and social factors that affect theoretical and practical mitigation pathways. We present a tripartite framework that “unpacks” the concept of mitigation pathways by distinguishing three factors that together determine actual mitigation: technical potential, initiative feasibility, and behavioral plasticity. The framework aims to integrate and streamline heterogeneous disciplinary research traditions toward a more comprehensive and transparent approach that will facilitate learning across disciplines and enable mitigation pathways to more fully reflect available knowledge. We offer three suggestions for integrating the tripartite framework into current research on climate change mitigation.
43.	Nik, Vahid, 1979, et al. (författare) The Importance of Developing Climate-Resilient Pathways for Energy Transition and Climate Change Adaptation 2020 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3322 .- 2590-3330. ; 3:4, s. 423-424 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Recently in Joule, Lombardi et al. developed an approach to formulating socially and politically favorable energy-system decarbonization strategies, pointing out the strong impacts of weather on the developed optimal solution. Considering climate resilience has timely importance to guarantee the climate change adaptation of energy infrastructure while improving its sustainability.
44.	Obura, David O., et al. (författare) Achieving a nature- and people-positive future 2023 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 6:2, s. 105-117 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Despite decades of increasing investment in conservation, we have not succeeded in “bending the curve” of biodiversity decline. Efforts to meet new targets and goals for the next three decades risk repeating this outcome due to three factors: neglect of increasing drivers of decline; unrealistic expectations and time frames of biodiversity recovery; and insufficient attention to justice within and between generations and across countries. Our Earth system justice approach identifies six sets of actions that when tackled simultaneously address these failings: (1) reduce and reverse direct and indirect drivers causing decline; (2) halt and reverse biodiversity loss; (3) restore and regenerate biodiversity to a safe state; (4) raise minimum wellbeing for all; (5) eliminate over-consumption and excesses associated with accumulation of capital; and (6) uphold and respect the rights and responsibilities of all communities, present and future. Current conservation campaigns primarily address actions 2 and 3, with urgent upscaling of actions 1, 4, 5, and 6 needed to help deliver the post-2020 global biodiversity framework.
45.	Pai, Sandeep, et al. (författare) Meeting well-below 2°C target would increase energy sector jobs globally 2021 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3322 .- 2590-3330. ; 4:7, s. 1026-1036 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract To limit global warming to well-below 2°C (WB2C), fossil fuels must be replaced by low-carbon energy sources. Support for this transition is often dampened by the impact on fossil fuel jobs. Previous work shows that pro-climate polices could increase employment by 20 million net energy jobs, but these studies rely on Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) jobs data, assumptions about jobs in non-OECD countries, and a single baseline assumption. Here we combine a global dataset of job intensities across 11 energy technologies and five job categories in 50 countries with an integrated assessment model under three shared socioeconomic pathways. We estimate direct energy jobs under a WB2C scenario and current policy scenarios. We find that, by 2050, energy sector jobs would grow from today's 18 million to 26 million under a WB2C scenario compared with 21 million under the current policy scenario. Fossil fuel extraction jobs would rapidly decline, but losses will be compensated by gains in solar and wind jobs, particularly in the manufacturing sector (totaling 7.7 million in 2050).
46.	Palomo, Ignacio, et al. (författare) Assessing nature-based solutions for transformative change 2021 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 4:5, s. 730-741 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Global sustainability targets demand transformative changes. Nature-based solutions (NbS) are gaining traction in science and policy, but their potential for transformative change remains unexplored. We provide a framework to evaluate how NbS contribute to transformative change and apply it to 93 NbS from mountain social-ecological systems (SES). The framework serves to assess what elements may catalyze transformative change, how transformative change occurs, and what its outcomes are. Our results show that NbS are as much “people based” as “nature based.” Most NbS are based on four elements with transformation potential: nature's values, knowledge types, community engagement, and nature management practices. Our results confirm the potential of NbS for transformative change, observed through changes in non-sustainable trajectories of SES. We illustrate the components of our framework through a novel classification of NbS. The framework provides key components for assessing the effectiveness of NbS and allows tracking long-term transformative change processes.
47.	Pausata, Francesco S. R., et al. (författare) The Greening of the Sahara : Past Changes and Future Implications 2020 Ingår i: One Earth. - : ELSEVIER. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 2:3, s. 235-250 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract In the future, the Sahara and Sahelian regions could experience more rainfall than today as a result of climate change. Wetter periods, termed African humid periods, occurred in the past and witnessed a mesic landscape in place of today's hyperarid and semiarid environment. Such large past changes raise the question of whether the near future might hold in store similar environmental transformations, particularly in view of the growing human-induced climate, land-use, and land-cover changes. In the last decades, geoengineering initiatives (in the form of active re-greening projects of the Sahara and Sahel) have been proposed and could have significant effects on the climate of the region. Here, we synthesize the literature on past and projected changes in the hydroclimate of the Sahelian-Saharan region and the associated feedbacks. We further address the current state of knowledge concerning Saharan and Sahelian afforestation projects and their consequences. Our review underscores the importance of vegetation in land-atmosphere-ocean feedback processes and the far-field impacts of northern African ecosystem changes.
48.	Perri, Saverio, et al. (författare) Socio-political feedback on the path to net zero 2023 Ingår i: One Earth. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 6:6, s. 725-737 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Anthropogenic CO2 emissions must soon approach net zero to stabilize the global mean temperature. Although several international agreements have advocated for coordinated climate actions, their implementation has remained below expectations. One of the main challenges of international cooperation is different degrees of socio-political acceptance of decarbonization. Here, we interrogate a minimalistic model of the coupled human-natural system representing the impact of such socio-political acceptance on investments in clean energy infrastructure and the path to net-zero emissions. Despite its simplicity, the model can reproduce complex interactions between human and natural systems, and it can disentangle the effects climate policies from those of socio-political acceptance on the path to net zero. Although perfect coordination remains unlikely, because clean energy investments are limited by myopic economic strategies and policy systems that promote free-riding, more realistic decentralized cooperation with partial efforts from each actor could still lead to significant cuts in emissions.
49.	Qiu, Chunjing, et al. (författare) A strong mitigation scenario maintains climate neutrality of northern peatlands 2022 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 5:1, s. 86-97 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Northern peatlands store 300–600 Pg C, of which approximately half are underlain by permafrost. Climate warming and, in some regions, soil drying from enhanced evaporation are progressively threatening this large carbon stock. Here, we assess future CO2 and CH4 fluxes from northern peatlands using five land surface models that explicitly include representation of peatland processes. Under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 2.6, northern peatlands are projected to remain a net sink of CO2 and climate neutral for the next three centuries. A shift to a net CO2 source and a substantial increase in CH4 emissions are projected under RCP8.5, which could exacerbate global warming by 0.21°C (range, 0.09–0.49°C) by the year 2300. The true warming impact of peatlands might be higher owing to processes not simulated by the models and direct anthropogenic disturbance. Our study highlights the importance of understanding how future warming might trigger high carbon losses from northern peatlands.
50.	Rasmus, Sirpa, et al. (författare) Policy documents considering biodiversity, land use, and climate in the European Arctic reveal visible, hidden, and imagined nexus approaches 2024 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Cell Press. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Arctic is experiencing rapid and interlinked socio-environmental changes. Therefore, governance approaches that take the complex interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, increasing land use pressures, and local livelihoods into account are needed: nexus approaches. However, an overview of whether and to what extent Arctic policies address these nexus elements in concert has been missing. Here we analyzed a large sample of publicly available assessment reports and policy documents from the terrestrial European Arctic. Our results show that, although nexus approaches are widely adopted in Arctic policy reporting, the emphasis varies among the governance levels, and documents underestimate certain interactions: local communities and traditional livelihoods are seldom seen as actors with agency and impact. Practical implementations were identified as potential advancements in Arctic governance: ecosystem-specific, technological, and authoritative solutions; co-production of knowledge; and adaptive co-management. Implementation of nexus approaches can promote more holistic environmental governance and guide cross-sectoral policies.

Skapa referenser, mejla, bekava och länka

Länka till träfflistan

Träfflista för sökning "L773:2590 3330 OR L773:2590 3322 "

Avgränsa träffmängd

År