| 1. |
- Alvinius, Aida, Docent, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Organizational Changes and their Presumptive Effect on the Military Families
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies. - 2596-3856. ; 6:1, s. 225-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the role of work-life balance in a recent relocation decision made by the Swedish Armed Forces. Applying the “What is the problem represented to be?” (WPR) discourse analysis method to documents concerning budget submissions over a five-year period (2020–2024) and a relocation decision from 2017, this study identifies a common focus on the reduction of organizational vulnerability. The way the problem of organizational vulnerability is presented, however, neglects considerations of employees’ work-life balance and serves to make effects of organizational changes at the individual level invisible. Founded on a social constructivist perspective, the study therefore argues that this neglect of work-life balance in official discourse on organizational change may be counterproductive to the proposed aim of a reduction in organizational vulnerability.
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| 2. |
- Bosdotter, Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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Why Fighter Pilots are Leaving the Swedish Armed Forces – and how to Retain them
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies. - : Scandinavian Military Studies. - 2596-3856. ; 5:1, s. 364-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The number of fighter pilots in Sweden retiring from service, many prematurely, currently exceeds the number of those being trained to replace them. This article examines the factors and circumstances related to the work motivation of pilots and what the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) can do to retain them. It examines the perspectives of fighter pilots serving today and those who have chosen to leave the SAF since 2013, providing descriptions of different ideal professional types and what might provoke them to leave the profession, or motivate them to stay longer. Four ideal types of pilots are identified. These ideal types are (a) the extrinsically motivated; (b) the high-performing; (c) the family-oriented; and (d) the specialist. This article supports the idea that there is no single inducement for fighter pilots to leave the SAF. Our recommendations for retaining pilots differ depending on type and experience level. While increased salaries and better retirement agreements are essential, local career opportunities, less time away from family, more administrative support to squadrons, long-term career planning, rewarding challenges, and opportunities to study are also important. Some uniquely positive aspects, such as serving a higher purpose, flying experiences, and squadron community, motivate fighter pilots to remain.
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| 3. |
- Bäckström, Peter, 1985-
(författare)
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Swedish veterans after Bosnia : the relationship between military deployment and labour market marginalisation
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies. - : Scandinavian Military Studies. - 2596-3856. ; 7:1, s. 62-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While the well-being of the Swedish peacekeepers deployed to Bosnia in the 1990s has received a great deal of attention over the years, very little is known about how these military veterans have fared on the labour market after returning home. In this paper, I provide novel evidence on the relationship between military deployment to Bosnia and adverse outcomes on the labour market. The analysis is based on longitudinal administrative data for a sample of 2,275 young Swedish veterans who served as peacekeepers in Bosnia at some point during the years 1993–1999. I follow these veterans for up to 20 years after deployment. Using propensity score matching based on a rich set of covariates, I estimate the effects of deployment on three broad measures of labour market marginalisation: long-term unemployment, work disability, and social welfare assistance. I find no indication of long-term labour market marginalisation for the veterans. Even though the veterans experienced an increase in the risk of unemployment in the years immediately following their return from service, in the long run their attachment to the labour market is not affected negatively.
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| 4. |
- Friedner Parrat, Charlotta, 1980-
(författare)
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Swedish Coastal Defence Over Four Centuries : War as a Changing Institution of International Society
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies. - : Scandinavian Military Studies. - 2596-3856. ; 5:1, s. 350-363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is an article on Swedish coastal defence over four centuries. It seeks to understand the changes in Swedish naval policy over time by exploring how the understanding of the nature of war visible in defence planning varies over time, due to both changing norms and changes in harder factors, such as geography, resources and adversaries’ capabilities. Its primary aim is to account for the development of Sweden’s naval capacities from the mid-seventeenth century onwards. For this, the article draws on sea power concepts. Its secondary aim is to explore the development of war as an institution of international society by studying only one – albeit historically very central – aspect of one state’s warring capacity over time, namely its navy.
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| 5. |
- Jonsson, Emma, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Multifaceted Conscription : A Comparative Study of Six European Countries
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies. - 2596-3856. ; 7:1, s. 19-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the last few decades have witnessed a shift from conscription to all-volunteer forces in many European countries, recent changes in the European security environment have raised new concerns and prompted several countries to reconsider conscription. However, modern conscription systems have also had to adapt to changing societies and an increasing emphasis on individualistic and neoliberal values. This study aims to examine the various forms of military conscription and illuminate the continuing viability of the conscription model in six European countries: Estonia, Finland, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland. Four of these countries have consistently maintained conscription (Estonia, Finland, Norway, and Switzerland), while Lithuania and Sweden have recently reinstated conscription. Although conscription systems differ among these countries, there is overall an increasing emphasis on conscript motivation and female participation. Three key aspects are identified to describe different conscription systems: the proportion of conscripted individuals in the birth cohort, motivation to serve, and the approach to female conscripts. Combining these aspects, the study identifies three types of conscription system in these six countries. This article demonstrates that conscription has evolved and adapted to changing societies and security situations instead of merely retaining its traditional form.
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| 6. |
- Libel, Tamir
(författare)
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Professional Military Education as an Institution : A Short (Historical) Institutionalist Survey
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies. - Copenhagen : Scandinavian Military Studies. - 2596-3856. ; 4:1, s. 121-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to take a step towards overcoming two lacunae in Professional Military Education (PME) literature. First, the lack of conceptualisation of what PME is and its relationship to military professionalism. Second, the fact that the vast majority of PME literature consists of studies concerning a single PME organisation, e.g. a specific military academy or college; there is almost a complete lack of national, regional and global studies of PME. The current paper takes a first step in overcoming the first lacuna by defining PME as an institution and taking a historical institutionalist approach to tracing the evolution of PME in the Western world. This new approach will also demonstrate how a sound conceptualisation of PME could contribute to overcoming the second lacuna.
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| 7. |
- Modig, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Military Innovation as the Result of Mental Models of Technology
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies. - : Scandinavian Military Studies. - 2596-3856. ; 5:1, s. 45-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heightened political tensions and advances in technological development have prompted Scandinavian countries to increase investment in military research and capability development. The aim of this study is to gain a better understanding of why actors sharing similar strategic cultures implement new technology for military purposes differently. The research is founded on a cognitive-psychological perspective comparing two cases of innovation processes: Swedish nuclear weapons development during the Cold War and developments in Swedish cyber defence during the first decades of the 21st century. The main finding is that military innovation is better explained through a consideration of shared mental models of new technology than it is through a consideration of strategic cultures. The analysis shows there are implications for capability development. First, military innovation processes are only initiated if and when new technology appears militarily relevant to an actor; thus, the ability to correctly assess the military relevance of technology at an early stage is crucial. Second, the forming of shared mental models can both contribute to and counteract military innovation and, thus, decision-makers need to be aware both that mental models can be shared and that confirmation bias affects actors on a collective level. Third, it is likely that military innovation processes benefit from mental models being challenged and from diverging mental models being made evident. Consequently, it is good practice, also from this study’s perspective, to diversify and welcome different views on the use of new technology. Further studies are solicited in order to develop practical guidelines.
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| 8. |
- Nisser, John, 1990-
(författare)
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Integration is the New Black : Thoughts on Future Warfare in Academic and Military Discourses
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies. - : Scandinavian Military Studies. - 2596-3856. ; 5:1, s. 398-411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Western military policy-formation and doctrine seems to be gravitating towards the idea of integration, reflected in concepts such as integrated campaigning, Integrated Operating Concept, and Multi-Domain Integration – among others. Despite the increasing use of the term within military doctrines and concept papers, there is little scholarly writing on what “integration” actually means. This study contributes to the small but growing body of research on joint operations with a novel analysis on how the term “integration,” and its sister term “interoperability,” are used within academic and military discourses. The results show that the terms are given different meanings both across and within discourses. It can be deduced that “integration” is generally understood as the merging of domains and services towards joint goals while “interoperability” is often presented as the ability to combine systems, forces, and planning across services. These findings are used to create a conceptual model which distinguishes between operability, interoperability, and integration as preconditions for the conduct of joint operations. The model is in turn useful for both scholars and practitioners when discussing or assessing capabilities to perform joint operations.
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| 9. |
- Paananen, Soili, et al.
(författare)
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Diversity in Teams : Perceptions of Team Learning Behaviour in a Military Staff Exercise
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies (SJMS). - 2596-3856. ; 3:1, s. 1-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to analyse diversity in team learning behaviour between and among national respondents’ perceptions during a military staff exercise (CJSE). Edmondson’s team learning behaviour model is used as the theoretical basis of the study. The results showed statistically significant differences both between and among national respondents’ perceptions. The research results indicate that team leader coaching, team psychological safety, the importance of obtaining expert knowledge as well as pre-exercise training are perceived to be crucial for team learning behaviour. The study has theoretical and practical implications for a more nuanced understanding of the diversity of team learning behaviour in the context of a multinational military teamwork exercise and for working as a part of multinational temporal teams in particular.
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| 10. |
- Skoglund, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Russian Logistics in the Ukrainian War : Can Operational Failures be Attributed to logistics?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies. - : Scandinavian Military Studies. - 2596-3856. ; 5:1, s. 99-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lacking Russian progress in war in Ukraine is often attributed to failing logistics, yet the logistics and its eventually failure is not explained. The purpose with this paper is to present some logistics principles that can be used to describe the Russian way of logistics planning, and to infer whether failing logistics slowed down the military operations or if failing operational conduct led to revised operational plans that could not be sustained logistically. The initial Russian Course of Action (COA) to take Kyiv was probably well supported logistically. When the COA failed, contingency plans most likely did not take into consideration the logistical challenges of supporting another type of operation, partly because of the logistics vacuum resulting from the preceding exercises. In the southeast the logistical concept seems to build on the echelon principle, which fits poorly with the lack of operational success. Adding to this is successful Ukrainian tactics of targeting Russian logistics resources which significantly reduces the Russian fighting power. This assessment is based on openly accessible information about the Russian campaign. Reporting from an ongoing war poses challenges of verifying data. Both warring parties and other stakeholders pursue their own interest through strategic communication. Yet, by combining different sources we believe that our findings are quite robust. For future research, archival studies both in Ukraine and Russia, combined with interviews with logistics personnel at both sides would add new dimensions to the research. We realise though that such data sources will not be accessible for quite some time.
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| 11. |
- Victor Tillberg, Lotta, Docent, 1971-
(författare)
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The Dynamics of Military Skills : The Role of Experience-Based Knowledge in Challenging Situations
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies. - : Scandinavian Military Studies. - 2596-3856. ; 3:1, s. 55-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on narratives from Swedish officers’ experiences from challenging situations, the article investigates the role of experience-based knowledge in military practice. Officers must be prepared to act in situations in which they do not have full control, make decisions under uncertain circumstances, and master tasks with conflicting rules, objectives, and means. These conditions apply in an overseas warfare environment, and also back home. The officers’ ability to adequately interpret phenomena in a given situation includes a variety of inarticulable knowledge. The aim of this article is to examine two aspects of military practice: (I) what role experience plays when handling challenging situations, and (II) how different kinds of knowledge are active in forming a professional skill. Using a set of epistemological concepts (phronesis, knowledge of familiarity, skill acquisition model), the article presents an analytical framework that focuses on experience-based forms of knowledge. The results show that experience-based aspects of knowledge which are crucial in military practice run the risk of not being discussed, because established methods and research traditions are focusing on measurable forms of knowledge. Finally, the article discusses the risk of de-professionalization due to unilateral use of monitoring and evaluation methods that primarily focus on forms of knowledge that can be calculated and expressed explicitly.
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| 12. |
- Wallenius, Claes, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Anchoring Sweden’s Downsized Military : People’s Attitude to, Knowledge About, and Trust in Our Military Defense
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies. - : Scandinavian Military Studies. - 2596-3856. ; 4:1, s. 78-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hypothesis was that post-Cold War downsizing of the military defense is associated with low levels of public anchoring, and that better anchoring is associated with a perception of a better performance by the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) and with a SAF connection and military experience. An additional research question concerned the level of concordance between the military and political elites and the population on these issues. A questionnaire was sent to 3,000 randomly selected residents. The results showed that post-Cold War downsizing was only partly associated with low levels of anchoring. Better anchoring was associated with a perception of a better performance by the SAF and with SAF connection and experience. There was significant concordance between the elites and the public. The study shows that anchoring is best supported by increased communication of the results and benefits of the military defense to all subgroups of the population.
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| 13. |
- Wisén, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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Are Peacekeeping Missions Inevitably Stressful?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies. - : Scandinavian Military Studies. - 2596-3856. ; 4:1, s. 210-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 14. |
- Österberg, Johan, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptions of Officer Training Among Newly Employed Officers and Specialist Officers in the Swedish Armed Forces : A Qualitative Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies. - : Scandinavian Military Studies. - 2596-3856. ; 4:1, s. 50-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Professional officer training in Sweden has gone through some major changes in the last 30 years. The current officer system is a two-category system, where officers complete the three-year academic Officers’ Programme, and specialist officers complete 18 months of vocational training at the Swedish Armed Forces’ training schools. The aim of this study was to investigate newly graduated officers’ and specialist officers’ perceptions of their officer training. Results showed that their perceptions could be covered by three overriding themes: identification, vertical versus horizontal career paths and the perceived relevance of the officer training. Furthermore, the respondents’ officer identification seemed to have developed before officer training, and the individual motivators concerned deliberate choices of becoming either an officer or a specialist officer. Coaching was crucial to both officers and specialist officers. However, the officers stated that coaching came at an early stage of their basic military training, whereas specialist officers were coached at a later stage in their career. The implications for the Swedish Armed Forces is that identification and career path are issues that need to be addressed early in a soldier’s military career, and that officer training needs to be more focussed on defining career paths, especially for specialist officers.
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