| 1. |
- Strömberg, Tomas, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
Ventilation inhomogeneity assessed by nitrogen washout and ventilation- perfusion mismatch by capnography in stable and induced airway obstruction
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Pulmonology. - 8755-6863 .- 1099-0496. ; 29:2, s. 94-102
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few studies have been published on gas distribution in the lung during acute and stable airway obstruction in children. Multiple breath nitrogen (N(2)) washout is an established method for assessing ventilation inhomogeneity, while the tidal breathing capnogram may be used as an indicator of ventilation-perfusion (V(')(A)/Q) mismatch. We hypothesized that significant V(')(A)/Q mismatch is not seen in stable airway obstruction unless obstruction is severe, and that stable and induced airway obstruction of similar severity would result in different degrees of V(')(A)/Q mismatch. To test this hypothesis, we performed spirometry measurements of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV(1)), multiple breath N(2) washout, and tidal breathing capnography in 11 young patients (9-30 years) with cystic fibrosis, 37 asthmatic patients (8-18 years), and 34 healthy subjects (7-20 years). Lung function was measured at rest, after airway obstruction induced by cold dry air hyperventilation or methacholine challenge, and after beta(2)-agonist treatment. V(')(A)/Q mismatch was assessed from the slopes of the phases II and III of the capnogram. We observed a normal capnogram during stable obstruction of moderate severity despite significant ventilation inhomogeneity. In patients with severe stable obstruction and in those with induced airway obstruction significant ventilation inhomogeneity and pathological capnograms were seen. Induced airway obstruction, resulted in a more pathological capnogram than stable obstruction of similar severity. beta(2)-agonist treatment reduced ventilation inhomogeneity, but did not improve the capnogram. Our findings are compatible with the presence of an efficient pulmonary blood flow regulatory mechanism that adequately compensates for chronic ventilation inhomogeneity of moderate severity, but not for severe or sudden airway obstruction.
|
|
| 2. |
- Aljassim, Fatma, et al.
(författare)
-
A whisper from the silent lung zone.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Pediatric pulmonology. - : Wiley. - 1099-0496 .- 8755-6863. ; 44:8, s. 829-32
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple breath inert gas washout (MBW) is now regarded as "an insightful, sound, and useful tool to explore the lung and its response to injury in all of its compartments". We describe the important finding of pronounced intra-acinar airways response to indirect challenge testing, detected using MBW but missed by spirometry, in an adolescent with evidence of airway inflammation, and a background of severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection as an infant. These tests were performed as part of an 18-year follow up of a cohort with severe RSV infection (requiring hospitalization) in the first year of life, and has previously reported significantly higher rates of symptoms of allergic asthma and other features of atopic disease at 13 years in comparison to age matched controls. Small airway dysfunction and ventilation inhomogeneity have emerged as important features of early respiratory disease processes, and this case report provides further evidence supporting its important role in reactive airways disease.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Donoso, Felipe, et al.
(författare)
-
Pulmonary function in children and adolescents after esophageal atresia repair
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Pulmonology. - : Wiley. - 8755-6863 .- 1099-0496. ; 55:1, s. 206-213
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionRespiratory morbidity after esophageal atresia (EA) is common. The aims of this study were to assess pulmonary function, to identify risk factors for pulmonary function impairment (PFI), and to investigate the relations between respiratory morbidity, defined as medical treatment for respiratory symptoms or recent pneumonia and PFI after EA repair.Material and MethodsSingle center retrospective observational study including patients with EA who participated in the follow‐up program for 8‐ or 15‐year old patients from 2014 to 2018 and performed pulmonary function testing by body plethysmography, dynamic spirometry, impulse oscillometry, and diffusing capacity of the lungs. Univariate and multiple stepwise logistic regression with PFI as outcome were performed. Anastomotic leak, episodes of general anesthesia, extubation day, birth weight, age at follow up, gross classification, and abnormal reflux index were independent variables.ResultsIn total, 47 patients were included. PFI was found in 19 patients (41%) and 16 out of 19 patients (84%) had an obstructive pattern. Respiratory morbidity was found in 23 (52%, NA = 3) of the patients with no correlation to PFI. Birth weight, age at follow‐up, and episodes of general anesthesia were identified as risk factors for PFI.ConclusionRespiratory morbidity and PFI were common in children and adolescents after EA repair. The major component of PFI was obstruction of the airways. The risk for PFI increased with lower birth weight and older age at follow up. The poor correlation between respiratory morbidity and PFI motivates the need of clinical follow up including pulmonary function tests.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Ersson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Prevalence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and laryngeal obstruction in adolescent athletes
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Pulmonology. - : Wiley. - 8755-6863 .- 1099-0496. ; 55:12, s. 3509-3516
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) in adolescent athletes.METHODS: All adolescents (n = 549) attending first year at a sports high school in 2016 and 2017, were invited to answer a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms. The 367 responding participants were divided into two groups based on whether they reported exercise-induced dyspnea (dyspnea group) or not (non-dyspnea group). Randomly selected participants in each group were invited to undergo two standardized exercise tests, an EIB test and a continuous laryngoscopy exercise (CLE) test, to investigate EILO.RESULTS: In total, 98 participants completed an EIB test, 75 of whom also completed a CLE test. Positive EIB tests: eight of 41 in the dyspnea group and 16 of 57 in the non-dyspnea group. Positive CLE tests: five of 34 in the dyspnea group and three of 41 in the non-dyspnea group. The estimated prevalence of EIB was 23.1 % (95 % CI 14.5 - 33.8) and of EILO 8.1 % (95 % CI 2.5 - 18.5) in the whole study population. No differences in prevalence of EIB or EILO were found between the dyspnea and the non-dyspnea groups.CONCLUSION: EIB was highly prevalent in this cohort of adolescent athletes. EILO was less prevalent, but represents an important differential diagnosis to EIB. Self-reported exercise-induced dyspnea is a weak indicator for both EIB and EILO and standardized testing should be provided.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Goksör, Emma, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
High risk of adult asthma following severe wheezing in early life.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Pediatric pulmonology. - : Wiley. - 1099-0496 .- 8755-6863. ; 50:8, s. 789-797
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Severe wheezing in early life is associated with an increased risk of asthma during childhood and adolescence. The aim of the present follow-up was to investigate the asthma prevalence and risk factors for asthma in adulthood. Methods: We have prospectively studied asthma development in 101 children hospitalized due to severe wheezing before the age of 24 months. The cohort was re-investigated at a mean age of 27 years and tested for bronchial hyper-responsiveness and allergic sensitization. The response rate in adulthood was 81% (82/101). The results were compared with a population-based, age-matched control group (n=1,210) recruited from the West Sweden Asthma Study. Results: Current doctor-diagnosed asthma was found in 37% (30/82) compared with 7% (82/1,210) in the control group. The risk of adult asthma in the cohort compared with the control group was increased 10-fold (adjusted OR 10.0, 95% CI 5.3-18.7), independently of allergic rhinitis, gender, smoking and heredity. Within the cohort, current allergy (aOR 9.6, 95% CI 3.0-31.2) and female gender (aOR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1-9.3) independently increased the risk of adult asthma. Females with current allergy had the highest risk of adult asthma (OR 29.4, 95% CI 5.0-173.3), compared with males without allergy. When separately adjusting for factors present at admission in early life within the cohort, a family history of asthma was a significant risk factor for asthma in adulthood (aOR 4.0, 95% CI 1.3-12.5). Conclusion: Subjects with severe early wheezing have a 10-fold increase in the risk of adult asthma compared to an age-matched control group, adjusted for allergic rhinitis, gender, smoking and heredity. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
|
|
| 11. |
- Goksör, Emma, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Reduced airway function in early adulthood among subjects with wheezing disorder before two years of age.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Pediatric pulmonology. - : Wiley. - 1099-0496 .- 8755-6863. ; 43:4, s. 396-403
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To compare airway function in early adulthood in subjects with wheezing in infancy with age-matched controls and to analyze what accounts for a possible difference. METHODS: Asthma development has been prospectively studied in 101 children hospitalized due to wheezing before the age of two. The cohort was re-investigated at age 17-20 years and tested with spirometry and for bronchial hyper-responsiveness and allergic sensitization. An age-matched population (n = 294) was used for comparison. RESULTS: The cohort had a significantly lower FEV(1)/FVC ratio and MEF(50), both pre- and post-bronchodilation, compared with the controls, P < 0.01. The reduction in airway function was most evident in current asthmatic female subjects, but a reduced pre-bronchodilation FEV(1)/FVC ratio was also seen in symptom-free cohort subjects, P = 0.03. In the multivariate analysis, female gender was the most prominent independent risk factor for reduced airway function in early adulthood, pre-bronchodilation OR 4.0 (1.4-11.3) and post-bronchodilation OR 8.8 (1.8-42.0). In addition, a history of early wheezing, that is, belonging to the cohort, was an independent risk factor for reduced airway function pre-bronchodilation, OR 3.3 (1.3-8.7). Furthermore, there was an association between current bronchial hyper-responsiveness and an increased risk of reduced airway function post-bronchodilation, OR 7.3 (2.0-26.6). CONCLUSION: Reduced airway function in early adulthood was found in subjects with wheezing early in life, compared with age-matched controls. The reduction was most prominent in females with current asthma.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Gustafsson, Per M., 1952
(författare)
-
Peripheral airway involvement in CF and asthma compared by inert gas washout
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Pediatr Pulmonol. - : Wiley. - 8755-6863. ; 42:2, s. 168-76
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple-breath N2 washouts were performed before and after bronchodilation in 15 patients with moderately severe asthma (mean age 13 years), and in 11 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF; mean age 16 years) matched for FEV1. Eighteen healthy subjects (mean age 15 years) were studied before bronchodilation. The lung clearance index (LCI) was determined from the washout curve and gas trapping was assessed from five subsequent large breaths. Analysis of the progression of the concentration normalized phase III slopes (Sn(III)) over the washout was used to determine inhomogeneity in the conducting airways (S(cond)) and inhomogeneity close to or within the gas exchange zone (S(acin)). Before bronchodilation all washout indexes were abnormal in the CF group, and all but S(acin) in the asthma group. Two indexes were higher in CF than in asthma: LCI (11.5 (3.3) vs. 8.7 (1.3); P < 0.01), and S(acin) (0.307 (0.207) vs. 0.142 (0.071); P < 0.01), while gas trapping indexes and S(cond) (0.151 (0.071) vs. 0.127 (0.041)) did not differ significantly. After bronchodilation, all indexes improved in asthma and only S(cond) remained abnormally elevated. In CF, only a modest but statistically significant S(acin) improvement was seen and all indexes stayed abnormal. The study shows that overall ventilation inhomogeneity and particularly inhomogeneity in or close to the gas exchange zone are more pronounced in CF than in asthma matched for FEV1, while inhomogeneity in the conducting airway zone is similar. After bronchodilation, residual abnormalities of airway function are seen all through the airway tree in CF but only in the conducting airways in asthma.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Heijkenskjöld-Rentzhog, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
The fraction of NO in exhaled air and estimates of alveolar NO in adolescents with asthma : methodological aspects
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Pulmonology. - : Wiley. - 8755-6863 .- 1099-0496. ; 47:10, s. 941-949
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RationaleThis study investigated the oral contribution to exhaled NO in young people with asthma and its potential effects on estimated alveolar NO (CalvNO), a proposed marker of inflammation in peripheral airways. Secondary aims were to investigate the effects of various exhalation flow-rates and the feasibility of different proposed adjustments of (CalvNO) for trumpet model and axial diffusion (TMAD).MethodsExhaled NO at flow rates of 50–300 ml/sec, and salivary nitrite was measured before and after antibacterial mouthwash in 29 healthy young people (10–20 years) and 29 with asthma (10–19 years). CalvNO was calculated using the slope–intercept model with and without TMAD adjustment.ResultsExhaled NO at 50 ml/sec decreased significantly after mouthwash, to a similar degree in asthmatic and healthy subjects (8.8% vs. 9.8%, P = 0.49). The two groups had similar salivary nitrite levels (56.4 vs. 78.4 µM, P = 0.25). CalvNO was not significantly decreased by mouthwash. CalvNO levels were similar when flow-rates between 50–200 or 100–300 ml/sec were used (P = 0.34 in asthmatics and P = 0.90 in healthy subjects). A positive association was found between bronchial and alveolar NO in asthmatic subjects and this disappeared after the TMAD-adjustment. Negative TMAD-adjusted CalvNO values were found in a minority of the subjects.ConclusionsYoung people with and without asthma have similar salivary nitrite levels and oral contributions to exhaled NO and therefore no antibacterial mouthwash is necessary in routine use. TMAD corrections of alveolar NO could be successfully applied in young people with asthma and yielded negative results only in a minority of subjects.
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Kalm-Stephens, Pia, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Concurrence of elevated FeNO and airway hyperresponsiveness in nonasthmatic adolescents
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Pulmonology. - : Wiley. - 8755-6863 .- 1099-0496. ; 55:3, s. 571-579
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate airway responsiveness and eosinophil and neutrophil inflammatory markers in clinically confirmed nonasthmatic adolescents with elevated fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), a marker of type-2 inflammation in the airways.METHODOLOGY: A total of 959 subjects from a general population, aged 12 to 15 years, answered a standardised questionnaire and underwent FeNO measurements at a screening visit at school. Adolescents without asthma, who had elevated FeNO (FeNO100 > 15 ppb) (n = 19), and control subjects, with low FeNO (FeNO100 < 5 ppb) and without reported symptoms of asthma or allergy (n = 28), participated in a follow-up study where FeNO50 , airway responsiveness to methacholine (PD20 ), blood eosinophil counts, and serum neutrophil lipocalin (HNL) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were measured. Questionnaire follow-ups were performed 4 and 16 years later.RESULTS: Airway responsiveness (PD20 : 6.94 [1.87, 11.39] vs 11.42 [6.33, 59.4] µmol; P < .05) and blood eosinophil counts (0.31 [0.20, 0.44] vs 0.13 [0.1, 0.22] 109 /L; P < .001) (geometric mean [95% CI]) were higher among cases than controls. A significant correlation between blood eosinophils and FeNO was found (rho = 0.41; P = .005). In contrast, serum HNL and MPO were lower in cases than controls (P < .05 both), and there was a negative correlation between HNL and FeNO (r = -0.31; P = .04). At both follow-ups, a higher proportion of subjects reported allergic symptoms compared with baseline (P = .02, P = .01).CONCLUSIONS: Elevated FeNO in nonasthmatic adolescents was associated with airway hyperresponsiveness, elevated blood eosinophil counts, and lower systemic activation of neutrophils.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Keen, Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
Low levels of exhaled nitric oxide are associated with impaired lung function in cystic fibrosis.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Pediatric pulmonology. - : Wiley. - 1099-0496 .- 8755-6863. ; 45:3, s. 241-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is often reduced in cystic fibrosis (CF). FENO at different expiratory flows can provide an indication of the site of nitric oxide production. The aim of this study was to examine whether NO parameters are related to overall (FEV(1)) or peripheral (lung clearance index, LCI, measured by multiple breath SF(6) washout) airway function and systemic inflammation in CF. Secondary aim was to compare alveolar NO and bronchial NO flux calculated by two different mathematical models, a linear and a nonlinear method. Thirty-five healthy and 45 CF children were recruited. FENO at 50 ml/sec (FENO(50)) and bronchial NO flux were lower in CF than controls, 9.5 (2.7-38.8) (median (range)) versus 12.4 (5.2-40.1) ppb, P = 0.029, and 391 (97-1772) versus 578 (123-1993) (pl/sec), P = 0.036, respectively. No difference in alveolar NO was shown. The nonlinear method resulted in lower alveolar NO and higher bronchial flux, than the linear method, but the result was closely correlated in both groups. LCI was higher in CF than controls, 8.4 (6.5-12.9) versus 5.9 (5.1-7.8), P < 0.001. FENO(50) was negatively correlated with LCI (r = -0.43; P = 0.003) and positively correlated with FEV(1) (r = 0.42, P = 0.004) in CF. Alveolar NO correlated negatively with inflammatory markers: orosomucoid (r = -0.42, P = 0.005), platelets (r = -0.50, P < 0.001) and white blood cell count (r = -0.48, P = 0.001). In conclusion, FENO(50) and bronchial NO flux are reduced in young CF subjects and low FENO(50) is associated with overall and small airway obstruction. NO parameters derived from the different models were closely related but the values differed slightly.
|
|
| 25. |
- Kielt, Matthew, et al.
(författare)
-
Classifying multicenter approaches to invasive mechanical ventilation for infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia using hierarchical clustering analysis
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Pulmonology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 8755-6863 .- 1099-0496. ; 58:8, s. 2323-2332
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionEvidence-based ventilation strategies for infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remain unknown. Determining whether contemporary ventilation approaches cluster as specific BPD strategies may better characterize care and enhance the design of clinical trials. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that unsupervised, multifactorial clustering analysis of point prevalence ventilator setting data would classify a discrete number of physiology-based approaches to mechanical ventilation in a multicenter cohort of infants with severe BPD.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis of a multicenter point prevalence study of infants with severe BPD treated with invasive mechanical ventilation. We clustered the cohort by mean airway pressure (MAP), positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), set respiratory rate, and inspiratory time (Ti) using Ward's hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA).ResultsSeventy-eight patients with severe BPD were included from 14 centers. HCA classified three discrete clusters as determined by an agglomerative coefficient of 0.97. Cluster stability was relatively strong as determined by Jaccard coefficient means of 0.79, 0.85, and 0.77 for clusters 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The median PEEP, MAP, rate, Ti, and PIP differed significantly between clusters for each comparison by Kruskall–Wallis testing (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsIn this study, unsupervised clustering analysis of ventilator setting data identified three discrete approaches to mechanical ventilation in a multicenter cohort of infants with severe BPD. Prospective trials are needed to determine whether these approaches to mechanical ventilation are associated with specific severe BPD clinical phenotypes and differentially modify respiratory outcomes.
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- Kollberg, Hans, et al.
(författare)
-
Oral administration of specific yolk antibodies (IgY) may prevent Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in patients with cystic fibrosis : a phase I feasibility study
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Pulmonology. - : Wiley. - 8755-6863 .- 1099-0496. ; 35:6, s. 433-40
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Respiratory infection is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infections ultimately occur in virtually all patients. It is impossible to eradicate PA when a patient has been chronically colonized. Immunotherapy with specific egg-yolk antibodies (IgY) may be an alternative to antibiotics for the prevention of PA infections. We wanted to determine if treatment with specific IgY can prolong the period between the first and the second PA colonization? And long-term, can the treatment diminish the number of positive PA cultures and postpone the onset of chronic colonization? CF patients gargled daily with an IgY-antibody preparation, purified from eggs of hens immunized with PA bacteria. They were compared to a group of patients who did not gargle with the preparation. Both groups had their first colonization with PA eradicated by antibiotics. The basic treatment was essentially the same in both groups. In the initial study, the period between the first and second colonization with PA was significantly prolonged for the treated vs. the control group (Kaplan-Meier P = 0.015, Breslow test). In the prolonged study, the treated group had only 2.5 sputum cultures positive for PA per 100 months of observation, and none of these patients became chronically colonized with PA. No adverse events were reported. In the control group, 13.7 cultures per 100 months of observation were positive for PA, and 5 (24%) patients became chronically colonized with PA. This feasibility study shows that antipseudomonal IgY has the potential to effectively prevent PA colonization without any severe adverse effects. A phase III study should be initiated.
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
- Lagerkvist, Anna-Lena, 1956, et al.
(författare)
-
Repeated blood gas monitoring in healthy children and adolescents by the transcutaneous route.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Pediatric pulmonology. - : Wiley. - 8755-6863 .- 1099-0496. ; 35:4, s. 274-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to establish transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO(2)), carbon dioxide tension (tcPCO(2)), and oxygen saturation (tcSO(2)) values and to investigate the intra- and interindividual variation in these values in healthy children and adolescents. Forty-one healthy children/adolescents (21 girls; mean age, 12.1 years; SD, 3.5; range, 5.0-19.0 years) participated. Continuous recordings of tcPO(2), tcPCO(2), tcSO(2), and heart rate (HR) were made for 30 min on two occasions, with a mean interval of 10.3 days, with the child/adolescent in a sitting position. The respiratory rate (RR) was counted manually during the last 5 min of each recording. The mean values of tcPO(2), tcPCO(2), tcSO(2), HR, and RR during the last 5 min of the recordings were reported. At the first recording, the mean value for tcPO(2) was 10.8 kPa (SD 1.0), for tcPCO(2) 5.1 kPa (0.4), for tcSO(2) 97.4% (1.1), for HR 82.2 min(-1) (9.9), and for RR 19.0 min(-1) (2.8). The coefficient of variation for tcPO(2) was 9.3%, for tcPCO(2) 7.8%, for tcSO(2) 1.1%, for HR 12.0%, and for RR 14.7%. The mean intraindividual variation in tcPO(2) was 0.3 kPa (SD 1.0), tcPCO(2) 0.0 kPa (0.5), tcSO(2) 0.1% (1.3), HR 0.1 min(-1) (7.7), and RR 0.5 min(-1) (2.7). No significant differences were observed in tcPO(2), tcPCO(2), tcSO(2), HR, or RR between the two recordings. In conclusion, the reproducibility of tcPO(2), tcPCO(2), and tcSO(2) monitoring during 30 min in healthy children and adolescents was good. This indicates that transcutaneous blood gas monitoring may be used to document significant changes in blood gas tensions and oxygen saturation over time.
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
- Naumburg, Estelle, et al.
(författare)
-
Risk Factors for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Children and Young Adults
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Pulmonology. - : WILEY. - 8755-6863 .- 1099-0496. ; 52:5, s. 636-641
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) has been linked to preterm birth explained by congenital heart defects and pulmonary diseases. Working hypothesis: Other factors may influence the risk of PH among adolescences and children born premature. Study design: This national registry-based study assess risk of PH following premature birth adjusted for known risk factors. Patient-subject selection and methodology: All cases born 1993-2010, identified by diagnostic codes applicable to PH and retrieved from the Swedish Registry of Congenital Heart Disease (N = 67). Six controls were randomly selected and matched to each case by year of birth and hospital by the Swedish Medical Birth Register (N = 402). Maternal and infant data related to preterm birth, pulmonary diseases, and congenital defects were retrieved. The association between preterm birth and pulmonary hypertension was calculated by conditional logistic regression taking into account potential confounding factors. Results: One third of the cases and seven percent of the controls were born preterm in our study. Preterm birth was associated with PH, OR = 8.46 (95% CI 2.97-24.10) (P < 0.0001) even after adjusting for confounding factors. Other factors, such as acute pulmonary diseases, congenital heart defects, congenital diaphragm herniation, and chromosomal disorders were also associated with PH in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Children and young adults born preterm are known to have an increased risk of PH, previously explained by congenital heart defects and pulmonary diseases. By adjusting for such factors, our study indicates that new factors may play a role in the risk of developing PH among children born preterm.
|
|
| 39. |
- Nilsson, Elin, et al.
(författare)
-
Good effect of IgY against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis patients
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Pulmonology. - : Wiley. - 8755-6863 .- 1099-0496. ; 43:9, s. 892-899
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is an extended open study of oral prophylactic treatment with egg yolk antibodies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Anti-Pseudomonas IgY, of 17 Swedish patients with cystic fibrosis. They have been on prophylactic IgY treatment for up to 12 years and altogether for 114 patient years. A group of 23 Danish CF patients served as control. There has been a total absence of adverse events. Only 29 cultures have been positive for P. aeruginosa (cultures after chronic colonization not included), that is, 2.3/100 treatment months compared to 7.0/100 months in the control group (P = 0.028). In the IgY treated group only one pair of siblings (2/17) has been chronically colonized with P. aeruginosa compared to seven patients (7/23) in the control group. Atypical mycobacteria, S. maltophilia, A. xylosoxidans, and A. fumigatus have appeared only sporadically. There have been no cultures positive for B. cepacia. There was no decrease in pulmonary functions (P = 0.730) within the IgY group. Body mass index values were normal or close to normal for all IgY treated patients. In conclusion, Anti-Pseudomonas IgY has great potential to prevent P. aeruginosa infections.
|
|
| 40. |
- Nord, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Lung deposition of nebulized surfactant in newborn piglets : Nasal CPAP vs Nasal IPPV
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Pulmonology. - : Wiley. - 8755-6863 .- 1099-0496. ; 55:2, s. 514-520
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Nasal continuous positive airway pressure support (nCPAP) is the standard of care for prematurely born infants at risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (nRDS). However, nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) may be an alternative to nCPAP in babies requiring surfactant, and in conjunction with surfactant nebulization, it could theoretically reduce the need for invasive mechanical ventilation. We compared lung deposition of nebulized poractant in newborn piglets supported by nCPAP or NIPPV. Methods: Twenty-five sedated newborn piglets (1.2-2.2 kg) received either nCPAP (3 cmH2O, n = 12) or NIPPV (3 cmH2O positive end expiratory pressure+3 cmH2O inspiratory pressure, n = 13) via custom-made nasal prongs (FiO2 0.4, Servo-i ventilator). Piglets received 200 mg kg−1 of technetium-99m-surfactant mixture continuously nebulized with a customized eFlow-Neos investigational vibrating-membrane nebulizer system. Blood gases were taken immediately before, during, and after nebulization. The deposition was estimated by gamma scintigraphy. Results: Mean surfactant deposition in the lungs was 15.9 ± 11.9% [8.3, 23.5] (mean ± SD [95% CI]) in the nCPAP group and 21.6 ± 10% [15.6, 27.6] in the NIPPV group (P =.20). Respiratory rates were similar in both groups. Minute volume was 489 ± 203 [360, 617] in the nCPAP group and 780 ± 239 [636, 924] mL kg−1 min−1 in the NIPPV group (P =.009). Blood gases were comparable in both groups. Conclusion: Irrespective of the noninvasive ventilatory support mode used, relatively high lung deposition rates of surfactant were achieved with nebulization. The amounts of deposited surfactant might suffice to elicit a pulmonary function improvement in the context of nRDS.
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
- Olesen, Hanne Vebert, et al.
(författare)
-
Gender differences in the Scandinavian cystic fibrosis population.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Pediatric pulmonology. - : Wiley. - 1099-0496 .- 8755-6863. ; 45:10, s. 959-65
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To explore whether gender differences in the Scandinavian Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients exist in the areas of key clinical parameters, complications, and medication.
|
|
| 43. |
- Popler, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
-
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 : Utility of KCNRG autoantibodies as a marker of active pulmonary disease and successful treatment with rituximab
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Pulmonology. - : Wiley. - 8755-6863 .- 1099-0496. ; 47:1, s. 84-87
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1), also known as Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy Candidiasis and Ectodermal Dysplasia (APECD) is a disorder caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. In some APS-1 patients, significant pulmonary disease is observed. Autoantibodies directed against the potassium channel regulatory protein (KCNRG), found in epithelial cells of terminal bronchioles, have been suggested as a marker for pulmonary disease in APS-1 patients. We report two patients with APS-1; one with and one without lung disease. Patient 1 had multiple admissions for pneumonia and respiratory insufficiency, required non-invasive ventilation, and had findings of bronchiectasis on thoracic imaging and significant lymphocytic infiltrates of the airways on lung biopsy. To verify the autoimmune cause of pulmonary symptoms APS-1 patients, both were tested in a blinded manner for the presence of autoantibodies to KCNRG in serum. We found that only Patient 1 had autoantibodies present. Additionally, Patient 1 had progressive disease despite treatment with several immunomodulating agents, including corticosteroids, azathioprine, and mycophenolate. Patient 1 had a lung biopsy performed which was consistent with B cell lymphocytic aggregates. Rituximab treatment was initiated with apparent good response. This report illustrates the practical use of KCNRG autoantibodies to identify APS-1 patients with pulmonary risk and the successful use of the monoclonal antibody, Rituximab, to treat pulmonary disease in APS-1 patients.
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
- Roback, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
-
A New Fiberoptical Respiratory Rate Monitor for the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Pulmonology. - : Wiley. - 8755-6863 .- 1099-0496. ; 39:2, s. 120-126
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new technique for respiratory rate measurement in the neonatal intensive care unit, fiberoptic respirometry (FORE), was tested using a specially designed nasal adapter. The aim was to investigate the system's accuracy and compare it to the transthoracic impedance (TTI) method and manual counting (MC). Further, the relationship between accuracy and degree of body movement was investigated. Seventeen neonates of median gestational age 35 weeks were included in the study. Video recordings (synchronized with data recordings) were used for classification of body movement. Breaths per minute data were obtained for 23-32-min periods per child, and a subset of these included MC performed by experienced nurses. A Bland-Altman analysis showed low accuracy of both FORE and TTI. A >20% deviation from MC was found in 22.7% and 23.8% of observations for the two methods, respectively. Both methods had accuracy problems during body movement. FORE tended to underestimate respiratory rate due to probe displacement, while TTI overestimated due to motion artefacts. The accuracy was also strongly subject-dependent. The neonates were undisturbed by the FORE device. In some cases, though, it was difficult to keep the adapter positioned in the airway. Further development should, therefore, focus on FORE adapter improvements to maintain probe position over time.
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
- Sandvik, R. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Contemporary N-2 and SF6 multiple breath washout in infants and toddlers with cystic fibrosis
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Pulmonology. - : Wiley. - 8755-6863 .- 1099-0496.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Multiple breath washout (MBW) is used for early detection of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease, with SF6MBW commonly viewed as the reference method. The use of N2MBW in infants and toddlers has been questioned for technical and physiological reasons, but a new correction of the N(2 )signal has minimized the technical part. The present study aimed to assess the remaining differences and the contributing mechanisms for the differences between SF6 and N2MBW,corrected-such as tidal volume reduction during N-2 washout with pure O-2. Method This was a longitudinal multicenter cohort study. SF6MBW and N2MBW were performed prospectively at three CF centers in the same visits on 154 test occasions across 62 children with CF (mean age: 22.7 months). Offline analysis using identical algorithms to the commercially available program provided outcomes of N-2,N-original and N-2,N-corrected for comparison with SF6MBW. Results Mean functional residual capacity, FRCN2,corrected was 14.3% lower than FRCN2, original, and 1.0% different from FRCSF6. Lung clearance index, LCIN2,corrected was 25.2% lower than LCIN2,original, and 7.3% higher than LCISF6. Mean (SD) tidal volume decreased significantly during N2MBWcorrected, compared to SF6MBW (-13.1 ml [-30.7; 4.6], p < 0.0001, equal to -12.0% [-25.7; 1.73]), but this tidal volume reduction did not correlate to the differences between LCIN2,corrected and LCISF6. The absolute differences in LCI increased significantly with higher LCISF6 (0.63/LCISF6) and (0.23/LCISF6), respectively, for N-2,N-original and N-2,N-corrected, but the relative differences were stable across disease severity for N-2,N-corrected, but not for N-2,N-original. Conclusion Only minor residual differences between FRCN2,corrected and FRCSF6 remained to show that the two methods measure gas volumes very similar in this age range. Small differences in LCI were found. Tidal volume reduction during N2MBW did not affect differences. The corrected N2MBW can now be used with confidence in young children with CF, although not interchangeably with SF6.
|
|
| 50. |
- Schaedel, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
-
Predictors of deterioration of lung function in cystic fibrosis.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Pulmonology. - : Wiley. - 8755-6863 .- 1099-0496. ; 33:6, s. 483-491
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The severity of lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) may be related to the type of mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, and to environmental and immunological factors. Since pulmonary disease is the main determinant of morbidity and mortality in CF, it is important to identify factors that can explain and predict this variation. The aim of this longitudinal study of the whole Swedish CF population over age 7 years was to correlate genetic and clinical data with the rate of decline in pulmonary function. The statistical analysis was performed using the mixed model regression method, supplemented with calculation of relative risks for severe lung disease in age cohorts.The severity of pulmonary disease was to some extent predicted by CFTR genotype. Furthermore, the present investigation is the first long-term study showing a significantly more rapid deterioration of lung function in patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus. Besides diabetes mellitus, pancreatic insufficiency and chronic Pseudomonas colonization were found to be negative predictors of pulmonary function. In contrast to several other reports, we found no significant differences in lung function between genders. Patients with pancreatic sufficiency have no or only a slight decline of lung function with age once treatment is started, but an early diagnosis in this group is desirable.
|
|
