| 1. |
- Borgström, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Visual event-related potentials to novel objects predict rapid word learning ability in 20-month-olds
- 2017
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Ingår i: Developmental Neuropsychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 8756-5641 .- 1532-6942. ; 41:5-8, s. 308-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an event-related potentials (ERP) study, twenty-month-old children (n = 37) were presented with pseudowords to map to novel object referents in five presentations. Quicker attenuation of the visual Negative central component (Nc) to novel objects predicted a larger difference in N400 amplitude between congruous and incongruous presentations of pseudowords at test. Furthermore, better initial recognition of familiar objects (Nc difference between familiar and novel objects) predicted the strength of the N400 incongruity effect to the verbal labels of these real objects. This study presents novel evidence for a link between efficient visual processing of objects and word learning ability. © 2016 Kristina Borgström, Janne von Koss Torkildsen, and Magnus Lindgren.
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| 2. |
- Diamantopoulou, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of executive functioning and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on children's peer relations and school performance
- 2007
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Ingår i: Developmental Neuropsychology. - 8756-5641 .- 1532-6942. ; 32:1, s. 521-542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the predictive relations from symptoms of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and executive functioning (EF) to social and school functioning in 112 (62 girls) school children. High levels of teacher and parent ratings of ADHD symptoms at the ages of 8-8 1/2 years, and poor EF measured at the age of 8 1/2, were associated with poor social functioning measured by peer nominations and poor teacher ratings of school functioning at the age of 9 1/2. ADHD symptoms independently predicted social and school functioning, whereas EF independently predicted only school functioning. Interaction effects between ADHD and EF and between EF and gender were found: At high levels of symptoms of inattention, the poorer the EF, the greater the need for special education. At high levels of symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity, the poorer the EF, the higher the levels of physical aggression. Girls with poor EF were less accepted by peers than equivalent boys.
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| 3. |
- Domellöf, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Developmental progression and side specialization in upper-limb movements from 4 to 8 years in children born preterm and fullterm
- 2018
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Ingår i: Developmental Neuropsychology. - : Routledge. - 8756-5641 .- 1532-6942. ; 43:3, s. 219-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated developmental changes and differences in upper-limb movement organization from 4 to 8 years of age in children born preterm (PT) and fullterm (FT). Kinematic recordings of precision-demanding unimanual movements and lateral assessments were carried out in 37 children (18 PT). All children, particularly children born PT, displayed considerable gain in movement kinematics. Contrary to controls, children born PT displayed persistently less-evident side preference. Gestational age (GA) contributed significantly to kinematic differences shown, with larger upper-limb deviances in the lowest GAs, in agreement with cross-sectional findings of altered hemispheric connections and delayed side-specialization among children born very PT.
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| 4. |
- Forssman, Linda, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Independent contributions of cognitive functioning and social risk factors to symptoms of ADHD in two Nordic population-based cohorts
- 2009
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Ingår i: Developmental Neuropsychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 8756-5641 .- 1532-6942. ; 34:6, s. 721-735
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined independent contributions of executive functioning (EF), state regulation (SR), and social risk factors to symptom dimensions of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in two cohorts, which included 221 Norwegian children and 294 Finnish adolescents. Independent contributions of EF and SR were shown in the Norwegian cohort and EF contributed independently in the Finnish cohort. When controlling for each symptom dimension, cognitive functioning and social risk factors were differentially associated with inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms. The results show the need to include both social risk factors and cognitive functioning to obtain a better understanding of ADHD symptoms.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Gredebäck, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Eye tracking in infancy research.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Developmental Neuropsychology. - 8756-5641 .- 1532-6942. ; 35, s. 1-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Gredebäck, Gustaf, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Eye tracking in infancy research
- 2010
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Ingår i: Developmental Neuropsychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 8756-5641 .- 1532-6942. ; 35:1, s. 1-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current review offers a unique introduction to the use of corneal reflection eye tracking in infancy research. We provide a detailed description of how to calibrate, collect, and analyze infants' gaze in a series of experimental paradigms, focusing specifically on the analysis of visual tracking, point of gaze, and the latency of gaze shifts (prediction and reactive gaze shifts). The article ends with a critical discussion about the pros and cons of corneal reflection eye tracking.
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| 8. |
- Herlitz, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive Sex Differences Are Not Magnified as a Function of Age, Sex Hormones, or Puberty Development During Early Adolescence
- 2013
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Ingår i: Developmental Neuropsychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 8756-5641 .- 1532-6942. ; 38:3, s. 167-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Are cognitive sex differences magnified by individual differences in age, sex hormones, or puberty development? Cross-sectional samples of 12- to 14-year-old boys (n = 85) and girls (n = 102) completed tasks assessing episodic memory, face recognition, verbal fluency, and mental rotations. Blood estradiol, free testosterone, and self-rated puberty scores were obtained. Sex differences were found on all cognitive measures. However, the magnitude was not larger for older children, hormones and cognitive performance were not associated, and early maturers did not perform better than late maturers. Thus, cognitive sex differences were not associated with age, levels of sex hormones, or puberty development.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Korkman, Marit, et al.
(författare)
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Neurocognitive test profiles of extremely low birth weight five-year-old children differ according to neuromotor status
- 2008
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Ingår i: Developmental Neuropsychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 8756-5641 .- 1532-6942. ; 33:5, s. 637-655
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neurocognitive outcome of children born with extremely low birth weight (ELBW) is highly variable due to the complexity of morbidity. So far, no study has compared comprehensive neuropsychological test profiles in groups with different neuromotor status. In a national cohort of ELBW children neuropsychological test profiles were assessed in 4 groups defined according to a neurological examination at 5 years of age: normal neuromotor status (N = 56). motor coordination problems (N = 32), Multiple Subtle neuromotor signs including, both motor coordination problems and deviant reflexes (N = 20), and spastic diplegia (N = 12). The neurocognitive assessment included a test of intelligence. the Wechsler Primary and Preschool Scale of Intelligence-Revised (WPPSI-R) and 14 subtests of attention and executive functions, verbal functions, Manual motor functions, visuoconstructional functions and verbal learning (NEPSY). The children with normal neuromotor status performed within the average range: children with motor coordination problems had widespread impairment and children with spastic diplegia and children with multiple minor neuromotor(Or Signs had uneven test profiles with stronger verbal results but weaknesses in attention and executive functions, and in manual motor and visuoconstructional tasks. In conclusion, very preterm children with neuromotor signs, including motor coordination problems, are at risk for neurocognitive impairment. in spite of average intelligence. More impaired children have more irregular test profiles. Follow-up and neuropsychological assessment of very preterm children with minor neuromotor signs are therefore indicated.
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| 11. |
- Lassander, Maarit, et al.
(författare)
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The Effects of School-based Mindfulness Intervention on Executive Functioning in a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: Developmental Neuropsychology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 8756-5641 .- 1532-6942. ; 45:7-8, s. 469-484
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Executive functions (EFs) are essential for student's learning and classroom functioning. The current cluster randomized controlled trial examines the effects of mindfulness intervention vs. active control program (i.e., relaxation) focusing on the main EFs (i.e., working memory, response inhibition, cognitive processing, cognitive flexibility and verbal fluency). A total of 131 students from 6th grade and 8th grade (median age 12 and 15) from four comprehensive schools participated. The schools were to equal shares randomized to intervention and active control groups, i.e., groups who underwent a 9-week mindfulness practice or relaxation program, respectively. Participants completed a cognitive test-package at baseline/pre-intervention, post-intervention at 9 weeks and follow-up at 6 months. Both intervention and active relaxation-based control groups improved on a majority of EF measures at both 9 weeks and 6 months. There was no significant difference between the mindfulness intervention group and the active control program in EFs. The current study suggests that mindfulness intervention and active control program do not differ in their effects to EFs, although both may have positive outcomes. Further research with both active and inactive control groups is needed to map the potential benefits of similar programs for cognitive functioning.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Olsson, K., et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive Development in Single-Suture Craniosynostosis : A Systematic Review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Developmental Neuropsychology. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 8756-5641 .- 1532-6942. ; 48:5, s. 215-247
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is conflicting evidence whether single-suture craniosynostosis (SSC), is linked to adversities of cognitive development. To assess the evidence for a link between SSC and cognition, a systematic literature search was conducted and eligible studies assessed for inclusion by two independent readers. Forty-eight studies met inclusion criteria. Small to medium but persistent effects on both general and some specific cognitive functions across age bands were found in higher quality studies for SSC overall. There was limited evidence for effects related to surgical correction. Methodologies varied substantially and there was a lack of longitudinal studies using broad assessment batteries.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Stige, Signe, et al.
(författare)
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The development of visual P3a and P3b.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Developmental Neuropsychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 8756-5641 .- 1532-6942. ; 32:1, s. 563-584
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship of visual P3a and P3b to age and neuropsychological performance was investigated in 26 healthy children (6.8–15.8 years) and 129 adult volunteers (20.0–88.8 years).Within the sample of children, an effect of age on midline topography was observed, with higher frontal amplitudes in the youngest compared to the oldest children. Increasing age was associated with lower P3a and P3b amplitude and shorter P3b latency at Fz. Performance on neuropsychological tests (matrix reasoning from WASI, digit span from WAIS, word order and hand movement from Kaufman) was only weakly associated with measures of P3a and P3b. The analyses were then repeated with the full life-span sample (n = 155). It was found that for P3a, amplitude decreased and latency increased with age. For P3b, the pattern was more complex, with a nonlinear amplitude reduction and no latency change with age. It appears that the development of P3a in children represents the start of processes that later continue in the adult life-span, but that the automatic processes indexed by P3a seems to mature earlier than the controlled processes reflected by P3b. Finally, it was demonstrated that the relationships between neuropsychological test scores (matrix reasoning, digit span) and P3 parameters were complex, following a mix of linear and nonlinear patterns. It is suggested that the neuropsychological significance of the different P3a and P3b parameters may change from childhood to the adult life-span.
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| 16. |
- Thorell, Lisa B., et al.
(författare)
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The Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI) : A new rating instrument for parents and teachers
- 2008
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Ingår i: Developmental Neuropsychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 8756-5641 .- 1532-6942. ; 33:4, s. 536-552
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poor executive functioning has been shown to be of central importance in disruptive behavior disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and a large number of laboratory measures of executive functioning have been developed. There are, however, few available questionnaires tapping executive functioning and those that exist also include items focused directly on the symptom criteria for ADHD, which makes it difficult to draw conclusions regarding executive functioning per se. In the present study, a new rating instrument, the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI) was therefore introduced. This instrument was shown to have good test-retest reliability. Using factor analysis, two factors tapping working memory and inhibition emerged using parent ratings and these two factors were replicated using teacher ratings. Modest, yet mostly significant, relations to laboratory measures of working memory and inhibition were found. Ratings on the CHEXI were also found to be significantly related to ADHD symptoms as well as early academic achievement. Interestingly, ratings on the CHEXI and laboratory measures of working memory and inhibition were shown to explain independent variance in ADHD symptoms and academic achievement, which point to the importance of using a multi-assessment strategy when studying executive functioning.
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| 17. |
- Tillman, Carin, et al.
(författare)
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The Relation Between Working Memory Components and ADHD Symptoms From a Developmental Perspective
- 2011
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Ingår i: Developmental Neuropsychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 8756-5641 .- 1532-6942. ; 36:2, s. 181-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to examine the relations between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and four working memory (WM) components (short-term memory and central executive in verbal and visuospatial domains) in 284 6-16-year-old children from the general population. The results showed that verbal and visuospatial short-term memory and verbal central executive uniquely contributed to inattention symptoms. Age interacted with verbal short-term memory in predicting inattention, with the relation being stronger in older children. These findings support the notion of ADHD as a developmental disorder, with changes in associated neuropsychological deficits across time. The results further indicate ADHD-related deficits in several specific WM components.
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| 18. |
- Träff, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Development of Cognitive Functions and Academic Skills in 9-to 10-year-old Children with Borderline Intellectual Functioning
- 2021
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Ingår i: Developmental Neuropsychology. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 8756-5641 .- 1532-6942. ; 46:1, s. 54-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This longitudinal study examined whether the cognitive and academic development of children (M-age = 10.52 years) with Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF), is characterized by developmental delay or atypical development. Cognitive tasks, arithmetic tasks, and reading tasks were administrated during three succeeding years to the BIF group and a Chronological Age-Matched Comparison (CAMC) group. The BIF children displayed weaknesses in relation to all tasks, and slower developmental rates on four arithmetic tasks and word reading. The results provide evidence in support of the developmental delay model as the BIF children overall displayed similar developmental growth and trends as the CAMC group.
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| 19. |
- Träff, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Number Magnitude Processing and Verbal Working Memory in Children with Mild Intellectual Disabilities
- 2020
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Ingår i: Developmental Neuropsychology. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 8756-5641 .- 1532-6942. ; 45:3, s. 139-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined if children (M-age = 14.60) with Mild Intellectual Disabilities (MID) display weaknesses in number processing and verbal working memory. An age-matched and mental age-matched (MA, M-age = 6.17) design extended by a group of 9-10-year-olds, and a group of 11-12-year-olds were used. The MID childrens working memory was equal to the MA group but poorer than the other groups. On number tasks, the MID group was faster than the MA group but slower than the other groups. All groups obtained equal Weber fraction scores and distance effects on the number comparison tasks. The MID group performed subitizing and counting faster than the MA group, but slower than the 11-12-year-olds. The results demonstrate that number processing and working memory in children with MID is characterized by a developmental delay, not a deficit. Their main problem is to access the quantitative meaning of Arabic numerals. The development of different types of cognitive abilities is differently affected by educational experience and intellectual ability. The innate number system appears to be unaffected by intellectual capacity or educational experience, while the innate working memory ability is affected by intellectual capacity but not by educational experience. Culturally acquired symbolic number abilities are strongly affected by educational experience.
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| 20. |
- Wåhlstedt, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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ADHD symptoms and Executive Function Impairment : Early Predictors of Later Behavioral Problems
- 2008
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Ingår i: Developmental Neuropsychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 8756-5641 .- 1532-6942. ; 33:2, s. 160-178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This longitudinal study investigated ADHD symptoms and EF impairments in terms of continuity and cross-domain associations, as well as their predictive relations to a range of socioemotional problem behaviors. We applied a factorial ANOVA design to study additive and interactive effects in a sample of non-clinical preschool children (N = 87) and complemented these analyses with group contrasts. The results showed that early ADHD symptoms and EF impairments acted as predictors of continuing problems within each domain. However, it was only ADHD symptoms that predicted other aspects of socioemotional functioning such as dysfunctional emotional regulation and lower levels of social competence. There was no indication of interactive effects on any measure. In conclusion, our results showed that both ADHD symptoms and impaired EF act as early predictors of problem behaviors, although it is clear that predictions based on ADHD symptoms encompass a wider range of problems in early school age children.
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| 21. |
- Åsberg Johnels, Jakob, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Face Processing in School Children with Dyslexia: Neuropsychological and Eye-tracking Findings
- 2022
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Ingår i: Developmental Neuropsychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 8756-5641 .- 1532-6942. ; 47:2, s. 78-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental difficulty affecting reading, but recent data in adults suggest that difficulties also extend to face processing. Here, we tested face processing in school children with and without dyslexia, using eye-tracking and neuropsychological tests. Children with dyslexia didn't differ significantly from controls in face gaze patterns, face memory, or face identification accuracy. However, they were slower and more heterogeneous, with larger within-group variance than controls. Increased gaze patterns toward the eyes were associated with better face memory in controls. We discuss the possible role of experiential factors in prior research linking dyslexia and face processing differences.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Arendt Nielsen, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Pathophysiological mechanisms in chronic musculoskeletal pain (fibromyalgia) : the role of central and peripheral sensitization and pain disinhibition
- 2007
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Ingår i: Baillière's Best Practice & Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1521-6942 .- 1532-1770. ; 21:3, s. 465-480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic musculoskeletal pain has biological, psychological and social components. This review deals with the biological factors, with emphasis on the fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Studies on central sensitization of pain-transmitting neurons, changes in endogenous pain modulation that give rise to pain disinhibition, referred pain, pain-related decrease in muscle strength and endurance, and pain generators in deep tissues are reviewed. In FMS there is strong scientific support for the statement that the biological part of the syndrome is a longstanding or permanent change in the function of the nociceptive nervous system that can be equated with a disease. Further research is necessary in order to determine which methods are best for diagnosis of the pain hypersensitivity in clinical practice. FMS may be the far end of a continuum that starts with chronic localized/regional musculoskeletal pain and ends with widespread chronic disabling pain. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 25. |
- Axen, I, et al.
(författare)
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Trajectories of low back pain
- 2013
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Ingår i: Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1770 .- 1521-6942. ; 27:5, s. 601-612
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 26. |
- Barturen, G, et al.
(författare)
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SLE redefined on the basis of molecular pathways
- 2017
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Ingår i: Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1770 .- 1521-6942. ; 31:3, s. 291-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 27. |
- Bengtsson, Anders A., et al.
(författare)
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Role of interferons in SLE
- 2017
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Ingår i: Baillière's Best Practice & Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1521-6942 .- 1532-1770. ; 31:3, s. 415-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects many different organ systems, with excessive production of type I interferons (IFNs) and auto antibodies against nucleic acids as hallmarks. Activation of the type I IFN system in SLE is due to continuous stimulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells by endogenous nucleic acids, leading to sustained type I IFN production. This is reflected by an over expression of type I IFN-regulated genes or an IFN signature. Type I IFNs have effects on both the innate and adaptive immune systems, which contribute to both loss of tolerance and the autoimmune disease process. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of IFNs in SLE, focusing on their regulation, the influence of genetic background, and environmental factors and therapies that are under development aiming to inhibit the type I IFN system in SLE.
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| 28. |
- Bergman, Stefan, 1959-
(författare)
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Management of musculoskeletal pain
- 2007
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Ingår i: Baillière's Best Practice & Research. - Oxford : Bailliere Tindall. - 1521-6942 .- 1532-1770. ; 21:1, s. 153-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a major public health problem affecting about one third of the adult population. Pain is often present without any specific findings in the musculoskeletal system and a strictly biomedical approach could be inadequate. A biopsychosocial model could give a better understanding of symptoms and new targets for management. Identification of risk factors for chronicity is important for prevention and early intervention. The cornerstones in management of chronic non-specific, and often widespread, musculoskeletal pain are non-pharmacological. Physical exercise and cognitive behavioral therapy, ideally in combination, are first line treatments in e.g. chronic low back pain and fibromyalgia. Analgesics are useful when there is a specific nociceptive component, but are often of limited usefulness in non-specific or chronic widespread pain (including fibromyalgia). Antidepressants and anticonvulsants could be of value in some patients but there is a need for more knowledge in order to give general recommendations.
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| 29. |
- Bergman, Stefan, 1959-
(författare)
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Public health perspective - how to improve the musculoskeletal health of the population
- 2007
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Ingår i: Baillière's Best Practice & Research. - Oxford : Bailliere Tindall. - 1521-6942 .- 1532-1770. ; 21:1, s. 191-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common cause of long-term sick leave in several western countries and individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain score very low on health status measurements. Musculoskeletal health is multidimensional and is best understood from a biopsychosocial perspective. Body structure and function interacts with personal and environmental factors, affecting the ability to perform activities and participate in society. Interventions aimed at the whole population must attend to the underlying causes of musculoskeletal disorders and promote a healthy lifestyle. Safe environments and activities could reduce the risk of traumatic events and also make participation possible for those with a disability. Public beliefs about musculoskeletal symptoms and consequences need to be changed in order to minimise fear and avoidance, which, together with other psychosocial factors, could lead to chronicity. Public awareness and identification of those at risk for the development of musculoskeletal problems could lead to early and properly timed management.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Bremander, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Non-pharmacological management of musculoskeletal disease in primary care
- 2008
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Ingår i: Baillière's Best Practice & Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1521-6942 .- 1532-1770. ; 22:3, s. 563-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Musculoskeletal diseases as a group are one of the most common causes of contact in primary care and the most common causes of disability and long-term sick leave in several Western countries. Pain and dysfunction are often present without any specific findings in the musculoskeletal system, and a strictly biomedical approach is often inadequate. Body structure and function interact with personal and environmental factors, affecting the ability to perform activities and participate in society. It is important to meet these needs in primary care, and non-pharmacological principles such as physical activity and patient education with a cognitive approach are cornerstones in a multimodal management model.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Ebeling, P, et al.
(författare)
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Role of biochemical markers in the management of osteoporosis
- 2001
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Ingår i: Best Practice & Research: Clinical Rheumatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1770 .- 1521-6942. ; 15:3, s. 385-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several serum and urine biochemical markers of bone resorption and formation have been developed. Biochemical bone markers have been used as intermediate end-points in all major studies of anti-osteoporotic therapies. Bone resorption markers, in particular, may add an independent, predictive value to the assessment of bone loss and fracture risk. There are also potential advantages in monitoring anti-osteoporotic treatment in the short-term in addition to bone densitometry, to rapidly identify non-responders to therapy, or non-compliance. Despite these recent advances, until now bone markers have simply been very useful research tools, with their clinical utility being limited by intra-individual and diurnal variability. However, the probability of the true bone mineral density response to hormone replacement therapy for the individual patient may be predicted using algorithms based on a spectrum of cut-off bone marker levels with varying false positive and negative rates. Thus, the transition of biochemical bone markers into everyday clinical practice may be rapidly approaching.
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| 35. |
- Englund, Martin
(författare)
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The role of biomechanics in the initiation and progression of OA of the knee.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Best Practice & Research: Clinical Rheumatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1770 .- 1521-6942. ; 24:1, s. 39-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The knee is one of the most common joints affected by osteoarthritis (OA), frequently with clinical presentation by middle age or even earlier. Accumulating evidence supports that knee OA progression is often driven by biomechanical forces, and the pathological response of tissues to such forces leads to structural joint deterioration, knee symptoms and reduced function. Well-known biomechanical risk factors for progression include joint malalignment and meniscal tear. The high risk of OA after knee injury demonstrates the critical role of biomechanical factors also in incident disease in susceptible individuals. However, our knowledge of the contributing biomechanical mechanisms in the development of early disease and their order of significance is limited. Part of the problem is our current lack of understanding of early-stage OA, when it starts and how to define it.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Galindo-Feria, AS, et al.
(författare)
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Autoantibodies: Pathogenic or epiphenomenon
- 2022
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Ingår i: Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1770 .- 1521-6942. ; 36:2, s. 101767-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Haldeman, Scott, et al.
(författare)
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Advancements in the Management of Spine Disorders
- 2012
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Ingår i: Best Practice & Research: Clinical Rheumatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1770 .- 1521-6942. ; 26:2, s. 263-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spinal disorders and especially back and neck pain affect more people and have greater impact on work capacity and health-care costs than any other musculoskeletal condition. One of the difficulties in reducing the burden of spinal disorders is the wide and heterogeneous range of specific diseases and non-specific musculoskeletal disorders that can involve the spinal column, most of which manifest as pain. Despite, or perhaps because of its impact, spinal disorders remain one of the most controversial and difficult conditions for clinicians, patients and policymakers to manage. This paper provides a brief summary of advances in the understanding of back and neck pain over the past decade as evidenced in the current literature. This paper includes the following sections: a classification of spinal disorders; the epidemiology of spine pain in the developed and developing world; key advancements in biological and biomechanical sciences in spine pain; the current status of potential methods for the prevention of back and neck pain; rheumatological and systemic disorders that impact the spine; and evidence-based surgical and non-surgical management of spine pain. The final section of this paper looks to the future and proposes actions and strategies that may be considered by the international Bone and Joint Decade (BJD), by providers, institutions and by policymakers so that we may better address the burden of spine disorders at global and local levels. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 40. |
- Heinegård, Dick, et al.
(författare)
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Preface.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Best Practice & Research: Clinical Rheumatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1770 .- 1521-6942. ; 25:6, s. 749-750
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Järvinen, Tero A. H., et al.
(författare)
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Muscle injuries : optimising recovery
- 2007
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Ingår i: Baillière's Best Practice & Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1521-6942 .- 1532-1770. ; 21:2, s. 317-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Muscle injuries are one of the most common traumas occurring in sports. Despite their clinical importance, there are only a few clinical studies on the treatment of muscle injuries. Lack of clinical studies is most probably attributable to the fact that there is not only a high heterogeneity in the severity of injuries, but also the injuries take place in different muscles, making it very demanding to carry out clinical trials. Accordingly, the current treatment principles of muscle injuries have either been derived from experimental studies or been tested empirically only. Clinically, first aid for muscle injuries follows the RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation) principle. The objective of RICE is to stop the injury-induced bleeding into the muscle tissue and thereby minimise the extent of the injury. Clinical examination should be carried out immediately after the injury and 5-7 days after the initial trauma, at which point the severity of the injury can be assessed more reliably. At that time, a more detailed characterisation of the injury can be made using imaging diagnostic modalities (ultrasound or MRI) if desired. The treatment of injured skeletal muscle should be carried out by immediate immobilisation of the injured muscle (clinically, relative immobility/avoidance of muscle contractions). However, the duration of immobilisation should be limited to a period sufficient to produce a scar of sufficient strength to bear the forces induced by remobilisation without re-rupture and the return to activity (mobilisation) should then be started gradually within the limits of pain. Early return to activity is needed to optimise the regeneration of healing muscle and recovery of the flexibility and strength of the injured skeletal muscle to pre-injury levels. The rehabilitation programme should be built around progressive agility and trunk stabilisation exercises, as these exercises seem to yield better outcome for injured skeletal muscle than programmes based exclusively on stretching and strengthening of the injured muscle.
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| 43. |
- Kanis, J A, et al.
(författare)
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How to decide who to treat
- 2009
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Ingår i: Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1770 .- 1521-6942. ; 23:6, s. 711-26
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fractures are the clinical consequence of osteoporosis and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although treatments are available that have been shown to decrease the risk of fracture, problems arise in identifying individuals at high risk of fracture so that intervention can be effectively targeted. Practice guidelines, available in many countries, differ markedly in approach, but generally recommend treatments on the basis of a previous fragility fracture and a defined threshold for bone mineral density (BMD). Recent developments in fracture risk assessment include the availability of the FRAX tool by the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases at Sheffield, UK, that integrates the weight of clinical risk factors for fracture risk with or without information on BMD and computes the 10-year probability of fracture. The tool increases sensitivity without trading specificity and is now being used in the re-appraisal of clinical guidelines.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Larsson, Britt, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Work related neck-shoulder pain : a review on magnitude, risk factors, biochemical characteristics, clinical picture and preventive interventions
- 2007
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Ingår i: Baillière's Best Practice & Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1521-6942 .- 1532-1770. ; 21:3, s. 447-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this review is to scrutinize the physiology of neck-shoulder pain and trapezius myalgia based on the most recent scientific literature. Therefore, systematic literature searches have been conducted. Occurrence of neck-shoulder pain, risk factors for development of neck-shoulder pain, and its work-relatedness are addressed. Furthermore, the latest information on the biochemical milieu within healthy and painful neck-shoulder muscles is reviewed. Finally diagnosis of and intervention for neck and shoulder pain are discussed. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 46. |
- Lidgren, Lars
(författare)
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Looking back at the start of the bone and joint decade what have we learnt?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Best Practice & Research: Clinical Rheumatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1770 .- 1521-6942. ; 26:2, s. 169-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 started as a Swedish initiative in 1996 leading to the UN declaration 1999 followed by the WHO launch 2000. A ten year multidisciplinary and global endeavor moving musculoskeletal conditions onto the research and health agenda is now recognized. Some lessons learned during the journey are presented.
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| 47. |
- Mahr, Alfred, et al.
(författare)
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ANCA-associated vasculitis and malignancy: Current evidence for cause and consequence relationships
- 2013
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Ingår i: Best Practice & Research: Clinical Rheumatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1770 .- 1521-6942. ; 27:1, s. 45-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this review, we summarise the current understanding of the potential link between cancer and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV), including granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's; GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). As is true for many autoimmune or inflammatory rheumatic diseases, AAV diagnosis and therapy are associated with an increased risk of de novo cancer development, likely as a result of impaired immunosurveillance, direct oncogenicity of immunosuppressive agents and perhaps malignant degeneration of tissues undergoing chronic immune stimulation. Data from several studies suggest a standardised incidence ratio of cancer in AAV of 1.6-2.0 compared to the general population and a possibly higher risk in GPA than in MPA. The most prominent cancers observed in AAV include urinary tract cancer, leukaemia and non-melanoma skin cancer. The effect of individual therapeutic agents is difficult to dissect, but cyclophosphamide has emerged as a major contributor to cancer development because of its direct carcinogenic properties. Awareness of cancer risk in AAV calls for increased implementation of measures to prevent or screen for cancer and development of less carcinogenic therapies. Cancer has also been suggested as a potential trigger or cause of AAV. Although some studies found that prior or concomitant history of cancer increases the risk of AAV, available data are inconsistent and suggest that the fraction of AAV that might be attributable to cancer is at best small. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 48. |
- Mann, HF, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment-resistant inflammatory myopathy
- 2010
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Ingår i: Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1770 .- 1521-6942. ; 24:3, s. 427-440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 49. |
- Mannerkorpi, Kaisa, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Non-pharmacological treatment of chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain
- 2007
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Ingår i: Baillière's Best Practice & Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1521-6942 .- 1532-1770. ; 21, s. 513-34
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-pharmacological treatment for patients with chronic widespread pain (CWP) and fibromyalgia (FM) aims to enhance overall health. This chapter reviews studies of exercise, education, movement therapies and sensory stimulation. Based on a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), we suggest that aerobic exercise of low to moderate intensity, such as walking and pool exercise, can improve symptoms and distress in patients with CWP and FM, and it may improve physical capacity in sedentary patients. Aerobic exercise of moderate to high intensity has been shown to improve aerobic capacity and tender-point status. Educational programmes have been shown to enhance self-efficacy and health perception. There is no conclusive evidence about the type of educational programme that works best, but a small-group format and interactive discussions appear to be important components. Exercise combined with education appears to produce synergies. Studies of movement therapies (such as qigong) and sensory treatments (such as acupuncture and massage) are few in number. There is today no conclusive evidence about the effects of these treatments in CWP, although positive effects have been reported in a few studies. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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