| 1. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
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Architectural Allocation Alternatives and Associated Concerns in Cyber-Physical Systems : A Case Study
- 2015. - 9
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ECSAW '15). - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450333931
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyber-physical systems is an extension of traditional embedded systems, where communication to the outside world is given more emphasis. This leads to a new design space also for software development, allowing new allocation strategies for functionality. In traditional embedded systems, all functionality was inside the product, but now it becomes possible to partition the software between the embedded systems and IT systems outside the product. This paper investigates, through a case study from the automotive domain, possible new allocation alternatives where computation is offloaded from the embedded system to a server, and what additional architectural concerns this leads to, including performance, resource utilization, robustness, and lifecycle aspects. In addition, the paper addresses new opportunities created by allocating functionality outside the embedded systems, and thus making data available for extended services, as well as the larger concerns that result on the organizational level, including new competency in architecture and DevOps.
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| 2. |
- Behnam, Moris, et al.
(författare)
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Software architecture for next generation hyperparallel cyber-physical hardware platforms : challenges and opportunities
- 2015
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Ingår i: ECSAW '15 Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450333931
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present what is destined to become the de-facto standard for hardware platforms for next generation cyber-physical systems. Heterogeneous System Architecture (HSA) is an initiative to harmonize the industry around a common architecture which is easier to program and is an open standard defining the key interfaces for parallel computation. Since HSA is supported by virtually all major players in the silicon market we can conjecture that HSA, with its capabilities and quirks, will highly influence both the hardware and software for next generation cyber-physical systems. In this paper we describe HSA and discuss how its nature will influence architectures of system software and application software. Specifically, we believe that the system software needs to both leverage the hyperparallel nature of HSA while providing predictable and efficient resource allocation to different parallel activities. The application software, on the other hand, should be isolated from the complexity of the hardware architecture but yet be able to efficiently use the full potential of the hyperparallel nature of HSA.
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| 3. |
- Bosnic, Ivana, et al.
(författare)
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Introducing SCRUM into a Distributed Software Development Course
- 2015
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Ingår i: Workshop on Enhancing Software Engineering Education WESEE2015. - Dubrovnik, Croatia : ACM. - 9781450333931
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The growing enactment of Global Software Engineering in industry has triggered educational institutions to perceive the importance of preparing students for distributed software development. During the last twelve years we have disclosed advantages and pitfalls of GSE to our students through our Distributed Software Development course. After running the projects according to the iterative process model for eleven years, we decided to shift to an agile development model, SCRUM. This decision was due to the growing industrial adoption of agile methods, but more importantly to increase proactiveness, sense of responsibility, and to balance the workload among the project team members. In this paper we describe the process and outcomes of our first attempt at introducing SCRUM in our distributed course.
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| 4. |
- Burgin, Mark, et al.
(författare)
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A Taxonomy of Computation and Information Architecture : ECSA 2015 ASDS Workshop. In Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ECSAW '15). ACM, New York, NY, USA.
- 2015
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Ingår i: 9th European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops ECSAW 2015. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450333931
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents taxonomy of models of computation. It includes Existential (Physical, Abstract and Cognitive), Organizational, Temporal, Representational, Domain/Data, Operational, Process-oriented and Level-based taxonomy. It is connected to more general notion of natural computation, intrinsic to physical systems, and particularly to cognitive computation in living organisms and artificial cognitive systems. Computation is often understood through the Turing machine model, in the fields of computability, computational complexity and even as a basis for the present-day computer hardware and software architectures. However, several aspects of computation, even those existing in today's applications, are left outside in this model, thus adequate models of real-time, distributed, self-organized, resource-aware, adaptive, learning computation systems are currently being developed.
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| 5. |
- Burgin, Mark, et al.
(författare)
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A Taxonomy of Computation and Information Architecture
- 2015
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Ingår i: In Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ECSAW '15). ACM, New York, NY, USA.. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450333931 ; 07-11-September-2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays computation is typically understood through the Turing machine model, in the fields of computability, computational complexity and even as a basis for present-day computer hardware and software architectures. Those are technologies designed in the first place to process data. Being description of data manipulation, Turing model of computation presents only one aspect of computation in the real world – an abstraction of the execution of an algorithm. However, several other possible aspects of computation, even those existing in today’s applications, are left outside, thus adequate models in distributed, self-organized, resource-aware, adaptive, learning computation systems are needed. This paper presents taxonomy of existing models of computation. It is connected to more general notion of natural computation, intrinsic to physical systems, and particularly cognitive computation in cognitive systems. We see Turing model of computation as a basic mechanism which can be used to build more complex computational architectures, that in combination with interaction with the environment (learning) give advanced information-processing behaviors in cognitive systems.
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| 6. |
- Giaimo, Federico, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Improving Bandwidth Efficiency with Self-Adaptation for Data Marshalling on the Example of a Self-Driving Miniature Car
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Article No. 21. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450333931
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Publish/subscribe communication is a common architectural design pattern in component-based software systems used in many of today’s cyber-physical systems to exchange information between distributed software components. These systems typically deal with an increased number of data transfers, with a risk of lacking resources. Our recent domain analysis for a lane-following algorithm of a self-driving miniature car unveiled that the actual “information increment” between two subsequently sent packets is often small. Such scenario enables possibilities for a more efficient data exchange by avoiding redundant and/or unnecessary information transfer. In this paper, we propose and evaluate our concept for “self-adaptive data marshalling” that transparently adapts data types in messages to be exchanged by analyzing the actual information increment. The approach could reduce the bandwidth usage by more than 50% in comparison to the current approach, and by approximately 33% compared to the use of the general-purpose compression library zlib.
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| 7. |
- Herold, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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Feature-Oriented Reflexion Modelling
- 2015
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Ingår i: ECSAW '15 Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450333931
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Holstein, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Contradiction of separation through virtualization and inter virtual machine communication in automotive scenarios
- 2015
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Ingår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450333931
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A trend in automotive infotainment software is to create a separation of components based on di-erent domains (e.g. Navigation, Radio, etc.). This intends to limit susceptibility to errors, simplify maintainability and to organize development based on domains. Multi-OS environments create another layer of separation through hardware/software virtualization. Using a hypervisor for virtualization allows the development of mixed critical systems. However, we see a contradiction in current architectures, which on one side aim to separate everything into virtual machines (VMs), while on the other side allow inter-VM-connectivity. In the end all applications are composited into one homogeneous UI and the previous intent of separation is disregarded. In this paper we investigate current architectures for invehicle infotainment systems (IVIS), i.e. mixed critical systems for automotive purposes, and show that regulations and/or requirements break the previous intents of the architecture.
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| 10. |
- Maras, J., et al.
(författare)
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Towards specifying pragmatic software reuse
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops, ECSAW 2015; 07-11-September-2015, (ACM International Conference Proceeding Series). - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450333931 ; 07-11-September-2015, s. Art. no a54-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2015 ACM. Software reuse has numerous benefits, including reduced de-velopment time, defect density, and increased developer pro-ductivity. Numerous approaches to software reuse have been developed and we can divide them into two categories: pre-planned approaches, where software artifacts are developed to be reused; and pragmatic approaches, that facilitate the reuse of software artifacts not necessarily designed for reuse. In this paper, we specify the general approach to pragmatic software reuse, which consists of three steps:i) feature loca-tion, which identifies the source code of an individual fea-ture; ii) code analysis and modification, which fixes conicts that can happen when achieving reuse; and iii) feature in-tegration, which achieves reuse by integrating code into the target system. We also discuss how certain steps in the process are used in current state-of-The-Art pragmatic reuse approaches. In addition, based on the experience of devel-oping an approach to pragmatically reusing web application features, we identify general challenges in pragmatic reuse approaches.
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| 11. |
- Mikkilineni, Rao, et al.
(författare)
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Workshop on Architecting Self-Managing Distributed Systems: ASDS @ ECSA 2015
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ECSAW '15). ACM, New York, NY, USA. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450333931 ; 07-11-September-2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Novel approaches in theory and practice of unified modeling of the computer and the computed in order to create self-managing adaptive computations, also parallel calls for new computing models to address distributed, interactive, concurrent dynamic processes are driving a new approach to distributed computing system design. ASDS workshop addresses these and other related approaches to increase the efficiency of computations in order to meet the challenges of high degree of scaling and large fluctuations. We believe that introducing elements of cognition into distributed computing systems that makes them "aware" of both the process intent and its evolution will enable self-managing capabilities to address both scale and fluctuations. The workshop brings together researchers in software architecture, computing and cognition to discuss and evaluate various approaches to introduce cognition into distributed computing elements. The outcome of the workshop will be an increased shared understanding of challenges and opportunities in architecting distributed computing systems with self-management using elements of cognitive computing.
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| 12. |
- Papatheocharous, Efi, et al.
(författare)
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Decision support for choosing architectural assets in the development of software-intensive systems : The GRADE taxonomy
- 2015
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Ingår i: ECSAW '15 Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Digital Library. - 9781450333931
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Engineering software-intensive systems is a complex process that typically involves making many critical decisions. A continuous challenge during system design, analysis and development is deciding on the reference architecture that could reduce risks and deliver the expected functionality and quality of a product or a service to its users. The lack of evidence in documenting strategies supporting decision-making in the selection of architectural assets in systems and software engineering creates an impediment in learning, improving and also reducing the risks involved. In order to fill this gap, ten experienced researchers in the field of decision support for the selection of architectural assets in engineering software-intensive systems conducted a workshop to reduce traceability of strategies and define a dedicated taxonomy. The result was the GRADE taxonomy, whose key elements can be used to support decision-making as exemplified through a real case instantiation for validation purposes. The overall aim is to support future work of researchers and practitioners in decision-making in the context of architectural assets in the development of software-intensive systems. The taxonomy may be used in three ways: (i) identify new opportunities in structuring decisions; (ii) support the review of alternatives and enable informed decisions; and (iii) evaluate decisions by describing in a retrospective fashion decisions, factors impacting the decision and the outcome.
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| 13. |
- Papatheocharous, Efi, et al.
(författare)
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Decision support for choosing architectural assets in the development of software-intensive systems : The GRADE taxonomy
- 2015. - 8
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ECSAW '15). - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450333931
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Engineering software-intensive systems is a complex process that typically involves making many critical decisions. A continuous challenge during system design, analysis and development is deciding on the reference architecture that could reduce risks and deliver the expected functionality and quality of a product or a service to its users. The lack of evidence in documenting strategies supporting decision-making in the selection of architectural assets in systems and software engineering creates an impediment in learning, improving and also reducing the risks involved. In order to fill this gap, ten experienced researchers in the field of decision support for the selection of architectural assets in engineering software-intensive systems conducted a workshop to reduce traceability of strategies and define a dedicated taxonomy. The result was the GRADE taxonomy, whose key elements can be used to support decision-making as exemplified through a real case instantiation for validation purposes. The overall aim is to support future work of researchers and practitioners in decision-making in the context of architectural assets in the development of software-intensive systems. The taxonomy may be used in three ways: (i) identify new opportunities in structuring decisions; (ii) support the review of alternatives and enable informed decisions; and (iii) evaluate decisions by describing in a retrospective fashion decisions, factors impacting the decision and the outcome.
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| 14. |
- Pei-Breivold, Hongyu, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences and Reflections on Cloud Computing Course for Second and Third Cycle Education
- 2015
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Ingår i: ECSAW '15 Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450333931 ; , s. Article No. 29-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evolution of Cloud Computing motivates teaching this subject to computer science senior students and graduate students so that they can gain broad exposure to the main body of knowledge of Cloud Computing and get prepared for occupations in industry. We started the development of such a course from the end of 2013. To efficiently develop a course that introduces a new technology and has a good balance of a theoretical base and practical experience, we have designed such a course in two steps, by giving a course to the third cycle education and then to the second cycle education after refinement. In this paper, we report on our experiences gained from giving the course to the third cycle education and our reflections from the experience. We also discuss what we can improve on the next course occasion and for the second cycle education on this subject.
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| 15. |
- Svogor, Ivan, et al.
(författare)
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SCALL : Software Component Allocator for Heterogeneous Embedded Systems
- 2015
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Ingår i: ECSAW '15 Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops. - Dubrovnik/Cavtat, Croatia : ACM. - 9781450333931
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyber-physical systems have become complex and pervasive over time. They evolved from simple, single-task systems to systems with a large set of functionalities, connected to the Internet, distributed, multi-core, and with user-centric intuitive interfaces. Such an evolution advocates for better software architecture adapted to such systems. The SANCS 2015 workshop aims at gathering both practitioners and researchers on these topics to explore the next generation of cyber-physical systems.
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| 16. |
- Vogel, Bahtijar, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching Distributed Agile Development to Software Professionals : A Flexible Approach
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ECSA 2015). - New York, NY, USA : ACM Press. - 9781450333931 ; , s. 1-8
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software development today is based on a set of Agile approaches in the mindset of Lean. These emphasize the need for team collaboration and communication, rapid feedback and continuous learning. This creates the need for software intensive companies to educate their developers to these ways of working in a manner that allows fast adoption of the acquired skills also in professional capacity. As Agile emphasizes learning, teaching agile development can rely on modern, learner-centric approaches such as situated learning and the idea of a flipped classroom. In this paper we present and reflect upon a case study of two courses of teaching distributed agile development for software professionals based on modern learning theories engaging the learners directly in practice.
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| 17. |
- von Haugwitz, Rickard, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Probabilistic Computation and Emotion as Self-regulation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ECSAW '15). ACM, New York, NY, USA. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450333931
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A treatment of emotion as a means of meta-optimisation in cognitive systems is presented, drawing upon research in neuroscience and reinforcement learning. In particular, emotion is motivated and explained against the background of the free-energy principle and the Bayesian brain hypothesis, from the perspective of appraisal theory. Various implications of these models are examined in the context of reinforcement learning through a review of recent research. Based on the information processing view of computation, a probabilistic approach to modelling computational systems is tentatively proposed in order to better handle the sort of probabilistic information processing involved in modelling cognition. By taking information gain to be the essential property of computation, it is suggested that a general computing system may be modelled as updates of parameters defining probability distributions.
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| 18. |
- Wallmyr, Markus
(författare)
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Understanding the user in self-managing systems
- 2015
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Ingår i: 9th European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops ECSAW 2015. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450333931
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For distributed systems to appear both intelligent and attractive to the user, they should be grounded in user needs and their ability to use the system. Not only do this increase the possibility of user adoption, but adequate user understanding also gives input for designing system functionality that transforms the ways these tasks are traditionally performed. As intelligent systems increasingly affect our daily life and as distributed systems grow in range and complexity, new usage scenarios appear that need to be understood. Simultaneously, tasks where the human is the only possible operator are now getting closer to being executed by intelligent systems. However, this process of replacing human intelligence by machine control might not remove the human from the system altogether, though it might change human’s role and the character of the tasks performed, making old knowledge less applicable. This paper reflects on the necessity of including the user/operator in the design of intelligent distributed systems. In a novel approach a farming scenario is presented, assessing both local machine distributed systems and the intelligence of cloud-connected infrastructure.
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| 19. |
- Weyns, Danny, et al.
(författare)
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Design for Sustainability = Runtime Adaptation ∪ Evolution
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops;62. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Digital Library. - 9781450333931 ; , s. 1-7
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Continuous change changes everything; it introduces various uncertainties, which may harm the sustainability of software systems. We argue that integrating runtime adaptation and evolution is crucial for the sustainability of software sys- tems. Realising this integration calls for a radical change in the way software is developed and operated. Our posi- tion is that we need to Design for Sustainability. To that end, we present: (i) the AdEpS model (Adaptation and Evo- lution processes for Sustainability) to handle and mitigate uncertainties by means of integrating runtime adaptation and evolution, and (ii) a set of engineering principles to de- sign software systems that facilitate the application of the AdEpS model to build sustainable software.
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