| 1. |
- Aparicio Rivera, Jorge, et al.
(författare)
-
Heapless : Dynamic Data Structures without Dynamic Heap Allocator for Rust
- 2018
-
Ingår i: 2018 IEEE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS (INDIN). - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE. - 9781538648292 ; , s. 87-94
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dynamic memory management is typically implemented using a global memory allocator, which may negatively impact the performance, reliability, and predictability of a program; in effect standards around safety-critical applications often discourage or even disallow dynamic memory management. This paper presents heapless, a collection of dynamic data structures (for vectors, strings, and circular buffers) that can be either stack or statically allocated, thus free of global allocator dependencies. The proposed data structures for vectors and strings closely mimic the Rust standard library implementations while adding support to gracefully handling cases of capacity exceedance. Our circular buffers act as queues and allowing channel like usage (by splitting). The Rust memory model together with the ability of local reasoning on memory requirements (brought by heapless) facilitates establishing robustness/safety guarantees and minimize attack surfaces of (industrial) IoT systems. We show that the heapless data structures are highly efficient and have predictable performance, thus suitable for hard real-time applications. Moreover, in our implementation heapless data structures are non-relocatable allowing mapping to hardware, useful, e.g., to DMA transfers. The feasibility, performance, and advantages of heapless are demonstrated by implementing a JSON serialization and de-serialization library for an ARM Cortex-M based IoT platform.
|
|
| 2. |
- Karnouskos, Stamatis, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing the Integration of Software Agents and Industrial Automation Systems with ISO/IEC 25010
- 2018
-
Ingår i: 2018 IEEE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS (INDIN). - : IEEE. - 9781538648292 - 9781538648308 ; , s. 61-66
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agent-technologies have been used for higher-level decision making in addition to carrying out lower-level automation and control functions in industrial systems. Recent research has identified a number of architectural patterns for the use of agents in industrial automation systems but these practices vary in several ways, including how closely agents are coupled with physical systems and their control functions. Such practices may play a pivotal role in the Cyber-Physical System integration and interaction. Hence, there is a clear need for a common set of criteria for assessing available practices and identifying a best-fit practice for a given industrial use case. Unfortunately, no such common criteria exist currently. This work proposes an assessment criteria approach as well as a methodology to enable the use case based selection of a best practice for integrating agents and industrial systems. The software product quality model proposed by the ISO/IEC 25010 family of standards is used as starting point and is put in the industrial automation context. Subsequently, the proposed methodology is applied, and a survey of experts in the domain is carried out, in order to reveal some insights on the key characteristics of the subject matter.
|
|
| 3. |
- Nilsson, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
-
Semantic Interoperability in Industry 4.0 : Survey of Recent Developments and Outlook
- 2018
-
Ingår i: 2018 IEEE 16th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN). - : IEEE. - 9781538648292 ; , s. 127-132
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Semantic interoperability is the ability of systems to exchange information with unambiguous meaning. This is an outstanding challenge in the development of Industry 4.0 due to the trend towards dynamic re-configurable production processes with increasingly complex automation systems and a diversity of standards, components, tools and services. The cost of making systems interoperable is a major limiting factor in the adoption of new technology and the envisioned development of production industry. Therefore, methods and concepts enabling efficient interoperation of heterogeneous systems are investigated to understand how the interoperability problem should be addressed. To support this development, we survey the literature on interoperability to identify automation approaches that address semantic interoperability, in particular in dynamic cyber-physical systems at large scale. We find that different aspects of the interoperability problem are investigated, some based on a conventional bottom-up standardization approach, while others consider a goal-driven computational approach; and that the different directions explored are related to open questions that motivates further research. We argue that a goaldriven machine learning approach to semantic interoperability can result in solutions that are applicable across standardization domains and thus is a promising direction of research in this era of the industrial internet of things.
|
|
| 4. |
- Ovsiannikova, Polina, et al.
(författare)
-
Active Learning of Formal Plant Models for Cyber-Physical Systems
- 2018
-
Ingår i: 2018 IEEE 16th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN). - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE. - 9781538648292 ; , s. 719-724
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the world becomes more and more automated, the degree of cyber-physical systems involvement cannot be overestimated. A large part of them are safety-critical, thus, it is especially important to ensure their correctness before start of operation or reconfiguration. For this purpose the model checking approach should be used since it allows rigorously proving system correctness by checking all possible states. To ensure the compliance of controller-plant properties with system requirements, the closed-loop verification approach should be chosen, which requires not only a formal model of the controller, but also a formal model of the plant. In this paper we propose an approach for constructing formal models of context-free deterministic plants automatically using active learning algorithms. The case study shows its successful application to plant model generation for the elevator cyber-physical system.
|
|
| 5. |
- Pakonen, Antti, et al.
(författare)
-
Counterexample visualization and explanation for function block diagrams
- 2018
-
Ingår i: 2018 IEEE 16th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN). - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE. - 9781538648292 ; , s. 747-753
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Model checking is a proven, effective method for verifying instrumentation and control system application logics. If a model of the system being verified does not satisfy a specification, the failure scenario is presented to the user as a counterexample trace. Analysis of the counterexample can be time-consuming if the trace is long, the model is large, or the specification is complex. Spurious counterexamples (“false negatives”) often exacerbate the problem. In this paper, we present a method that assists in identifying the root of the failure in both the model and the specification, by animating the model of the function block diagram as well as the LTL property. We also introduce a practical tool for visualizing LTL properties by animation and highlighting of important values based on causality. Using 43 actual design issues identified in practical nuclear industry projects, we then evaluate usefulness of the property visualization and explanation features.
|
|
| 6. |
- Patil, Sandeep, et al.
(författare)
-
Adapting Software Design Patterns To Develop Reusable IEC 61499 Function Block Applications
- 2018
-
Ingår i: 2018 IEEE 16th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN). - : IEEE. - 9781538648292 ; , s. 725-732
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design patterns in software engineering is a generic solution provided for repeatable problems occurring frequently in a software design. They are used a lot in the field of software engineering, especially for object-oriented software development. Different standards exist for design and development of industrial cyber-physical systems and the IEC 61499 standard is one of them. The standard presents a reference component architecture for design and development of distributed industrial cyber-physical systems. There is a lack of design patterns for application development with IEC 61499 standard and this paper address this by proposing some patterns. The design patterns presented are inspired by popular design patterns used in software engineering.
|
|
| 7. |
- Ribeiro, Luis, et al.
(författare)
-
Performance assessment of the integration between industrial agents and low-level automation functions
- 2018
-
Ingår i: 2018 IEEE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS (INDIN). - : IEEE. - 9781538648292 - 9781538648308 ; , s. 121-126
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing need for more adaptive production environments is a big motivator for the adoption of agent-based technologies in industrial systems, as they provide better mechanisms for handling dynamically and intelligently various kinds of production disturbances. Unlike with the utilization of most conventional automation languages, the use of agents enables, in an easy way, the setup of dynamic and autonomous adaptive processes to handle large and complex engineering system functions and interactions. Agent-technologies in cyber-physical systems contexts require at some point integration with automation controllers. However, most commonly available and used agent system implementations in the industry were not designed for hard real-time control use cases, and do not utilize real-time operating systems or dedicated hardware. Hence, they cannot match the hard-real-time performance of automation controllers. This work provides some insights on the performance that can be achieved with agent-based approaches that integrate with low-level automation system functions. It considers the performance of the agent-based practices in light of non-real-time dedicated hardware or operating systems. The results show that agents are well suited for the majority of soft-real-time control applications.
|
|
| 8. |
- Yousefnezhad, Narges, et al.
(författare)
-
MeDI : measurement-based device identification framework for internet of things
- 2018
-
Ingår i: 2018 IEEE 16th international conference on industrial informatics (INDIN). - : IEEE. - 9781538648308 - 9781538648285 - 9781538648292 ; , s. 95-100
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- IoT systems may provide information from different sensors that may reveal potentially confidential data, such as a person's presence or not. The primary question to address is how we can identify the sensors and other devices in a reliable way before receiving data from them and using or sharing it. In other words, we need to verify the identity of sensors and devices. A malicious device could claim that it is the legitimate sensor and trigger security problems. For instance, it might send false data about the environment, harmfully affecting the outputs and behavior of the system. For this purpose, using only primary identity values such as IP address, MAC address, and even the public-key cryptography key pair is not enough since IPs can be dynamic, MACs can be spoofed, and cryptography key pairs can be stolen. Therefore, the server requires supplementary security considerations such as contextual features to verify the device identity. This paper presents a measurement-based method to detect and alert false data reports during the reception process by means of sensor behavior. As a proof of concept, we develop a classification-based methodology for device identification, which can be implemented in a real IoT scenario.
|
|
