| 1. |
- Andersson, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Wicked Cases and Late Binding in System of Systems
- 2022
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In: 2022 17th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SOSE 2022. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781665496230 ; , s. 354-359
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Systems of Systems is being applied in ever more complex contexts. This paper reports findings from a city logistics initiative. As many other environmental challenges, this setting can be characterized as 'wicked', e.g. the organizations that need to be involved solving the issues are contributing causes and there is no obvious single authority able to make decisions. Our findings suggest that such settings lead to vagueness and 'late binding' of key actors and incentives making the early modelling phases highly challenging. Supplementing the wave model of SoS development, we describe specific coping mechanisms for such settings including designing for multiple SoS archetypes and identifying and prioritizing archetype-generic capabilities.
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| 2. |
- Axelsson, Jakob, et al.
(author)
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On the Concepts of Capability and Constituent System Independence in Systems-of-Systems
- 2022
-
In: 2022 17th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SOSE 2022. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781665496230 ; , s. 247-252
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Systems-of-systems are designed to provide a capability that their constituent systems cannot achieve individually. A key property is that the constituent systems have some degree of operational and managerial independence. The concepts of capability and independence are thus central to the field of systems-of-systems. Yet the contemporary literature and standards only give vague definitions of these terms. This vagueness is a barrier to progress in the field, and this paper aims at contributing with a more detailed conceptualization. It describes a system capability as a state-transforming process that uses certain resources. Independence means that the system has a choice about when and how its capabilities should be activated. This requires that the system is an intelligent agent with a notion of utility, a perception of the world around it, and a decision-making capability. When given a mission, the system can complete that mission by activating appropriate combinations of capabilities. A system-of-systems can decompose its mission into parts that correspond to the capabilities of various constituent systems.
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| 3. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(author)
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Systems-of-Systems Design Patterns : A Systematic Literature Review and Synthesis
- 2022
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In: 2022 17th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SOSE 2022. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781665496230 ; , s. 171-176
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Design patterns are an established approach for reusing knowledge about good solutions to recurring problems. Patterns can be seen as a way of describing the best practices, and have been used in many different fields, ranging from building architecture and city planning to software development. There are also scattered results relating to patterns for systems-of-systems. The purpose of this paper is to summarize and review the literature on patterns for systems-of-systems and make a synthesis of a recommended approach for the field. Specifically, the novel contributions of the paper are to propose a consolidated structure for describing individual patterns and suggest the dimensions along which a pattern catalog can be organized. The paper also summarizes the concrete patterns suggested in the existing literature and classifies them according to the recommended structure.
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| 4. |
- Svenson, Pontus, et al.
(author)
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Constituent Systems Quality Requirements Engineering in Co-opetitive Systems of Systems
- 2022
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In: 2022 17th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SOSE 2022. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781665496230 ; , s. 347-352
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Systems of systems consist of independently owned, operated, and developed constituent systems that work together for mutual benefit. Co-opetitive systems of systems consist of constituent systems that in addition also compete. In this paper, we focus on quality requirement engineering for a constituent systems developer in such SoS. We discuss the needs and requirements of a structured quality requirements engineering process, with examples taken from the transportation domain, and find that there is a need for mediators and agreements between constituent systems developers to enable quality data exchange.
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| 5. |
- Svenson, Pontus, et al.
(author)
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Initiation and Formation of Constellations in Systems of Systems
- 2022
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In: 2022 17th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SOSE 2022. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781665496230 ; , s. 340-345
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Systems of systems engineering is aimed at developing solutions that provide the capability to fulfil a need that cannot be met by an integrated system. In many SoS, there is a need to solve several tasks at the same time. Each set of constituent systems that collaborate to solve such a task is a constellation. In this paper, we discuss the process of forming such constellations. We focus on collaborative systems of systems and describe conceptual models for the formation of constellations.
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