| 1. |
- Karivieri, Arja
(författare)
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Athenian Lamps in the Early Byzantine Period : Export, Import and Imitation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Glass, wax and metal. - Oxford : Archaeopress. - 9781789692167 ; , s. 90-94
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Athenian terracotta lamps dominated the market in Greece from the 3rd to the first half of the 5th century AD. When political and economic changes took place in the society it had a strong impact on the trade networks in the 5th century, while at the same time the development of the Eastern Roman Empire created new links for the export and import of products. The movement of goods and people was intensified for political, military and religious reasons. Oil lamps were essential for households, for religious services, and also to lighten meeting places, newly built churches and monasteries. As ancient temples were closed and Christianity prevailed, a new market was created for lamp workshops for new important customers: church officials and pilgrims to holy places.This paper analyzes in detail what methods the Athenian lamp producers used in their efforts to keep their trade contacts and market at a time when North African and Asia Minor products became more popular in the Eastern Mediterranean towards the end of the 5th century. Another aspect of the article deals with the imitation of imported lamps during this period.
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| 2. |
- Karivieri, Arja
(författare)
-
Olaus Magnus the Goth on Fire, Light and Lighting Devices of the Northern People
- 2019
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Ingår i: Glass, wax and metal. - Oxford : Archaeopress. - 9781789692167 ; , s. 32-38
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Olaus Magnus, Archbishop of Uppsala, published Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus in Rome in 1555. This encyclopedic, illustrated work on the customs and history of the Nordic people became popular and it was translated into several European languages during the following decades. In this article, a special focus is given to the various instances where Olaus Magnus comments on fire, light and lighting devices in Scandinavia, such as the symbolic meaning of fire and light at wedding ceremonies, lighting the guild feasts, light in Christian processions and in the church, lighting in wintertime, light and fire in summertime, fire and lights during warfare, birds and lights, and fishing by means of fire.Finally, the evidence provided by Olaus Magnus is compared with other sources, and what archival sources reveal about the use of light and lighting devices at Häme and Turku Castles in Finland during the same period.
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