| 1. |
- Broberg, Thomas K, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-crash factors influencing drivers of older ages in intersection collisions
- 2008
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Ingår i: 2008 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury; Bern; Switzerland; 17 September 2008 through 19 September 2008. - 9783033015807 ; , s. 149-161
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study is to understand the driver needs from a preventive and protective perspective focusing on cognitive pre-crash factors influencing the older driver in intersection collisions. The study combines information from a statistical dataset and 33 in-depth cases. The statistical data confirms results from prior studies indicating that the 55+ drivers are relatively more involved in collisions occurring in intersections having an overall higher injury risk compared to the comparative group of drivers aged 25-35. The in-depth data indicates that missed observations were one major cause in the development of the collision scenarios studied. The major possible causes together with the contributing causes are analyzed and discussed.
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| 2. |
- Carlsson, Anna K, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Female volunteer motion in rear impact sled tests in comparison to results from earlier male volunteer tests
- 2008
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Ingår i: 2008 INTERNATIONAL IRCOBI CONFERENCEONTHE BIOMECHANICS OF INJURY17. – 19. September 2008– BERN (Switzerland)PROCEEDINGS. ; , s. 461-464, s. 461-464
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vehicle related crashes causing neck injuries (whiplash) are costly and common, and injury statistic data shows a larger risk of neck injuries for females than for males. This study aims at investigating differences between female and male dynamic response in rear impacts. Rear impact sled tests with female volunteers were carried out and the results were compared with previously performed tests with males in matching test conditions. The volunteer tests were performed at a change of velocity of 7 km/h. The comparison of the average response of the males and the females and their response corridors showed several differences. The horizontal head acceleration peak value was on average 40% higher and occurred on average 18% earlier for the female volunteers compared to the male volunteers. The NIC value was 45% lower and 30% earlier for the females, probably due to a 27% smaller initial head-to-head restraint distance and thereby a 24% earlier head restraint contact. The results provide characteristic differences between dynamic responses of females and males in low speed rear impacts. These results contribute to the understanding of human dynamic response in rear impacts. In addition, they can be used in the process of future development if numerical and/or mechanical human models for crash testing.
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| 3. |
- Pipkorn, Bengt, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Mathematical human body models in side impacts- A validation study with particular emphasis on the torso and shoulder and their influence on head and neck motion
- 2008
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Ingår i: Int. Res. Counc. Biomech. Inj. - Int. IRCOBI Conf. Biomech. Inj., Proc.. - 9783033015807 ; , s. 99-114, s. 99-114
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability of three mathematical human body models to predict previously published human responses in two different side impact loading configurations was evaluated using an objective rating method. In particular the kinematics of the shoulder, T1 and head were evaluated. The human body models evaluated were THUMS, HUMOS 2 and the GM model. The impact loading configurations used were pendulum impact tests and sled tests. In the pendulum configurations, the closest correlation to the published responses was shown by THUMS followed by the GM model. In the sled configuration, closest correlation to the published responses was shown by HUMOS 2 followed by THUMS. According to the objective rating method the published responses in the pendulum configuration were predicted by all human body models. The published responses in the sled configuration were predicted by HUMOS 2 and THUMS.
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| 4. |
- Törnvall, Fredrik, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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EVALUATION OF DUMMY SHOULDER KINEMATICS IN OBLIQUE FRONTAL COLLISIONS
- 2008
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Ingår i: IRCOBI. - 9783033015807 ; , s. 195-210
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study evaluates shoulder kinematics of the Hybrid III and THOR NT, with the firstversion of a new shoulder design (SD-1), in 45° far-side, full frontal and 30° near-side collisions. Intotal eleven dummy tests were conducted in the three collision angles, while film and instrument datawere generated and compared with those of PMHS data from Törnvall (2008). For the 45° far-sideimpact, the THOR SD-1NT dummy retained the shoulder belt on the shoulder during on-loading, as didthe PMHSs, whereas the THOR NT did not. In the 30° near-side impact,
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