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- Söderbom, Fredrik
(författare)
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Small Nucleolar RNAs : Identification, Structure,and Function
- 2006
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Ingår i: Small RNAs. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783540281306 ; , s. 31-56
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The revelation in the last few years of a large number of new noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) has revolutionized our view of how gene regulation works. This is to a large extent due to the recent advances in computational as well as experimental methodology, combined with an increasing number of sequenced genomes which have had an enormous impact on the quest for new small ncRNAs. These RNAs have a function per se and are not merely intermediates in the transfer of information from genes to proteins. Instead they have turned out to be involved in the regulation of many complex biological processes, including stress response, cell differentiation, and even in control of diseases. This chapter briefly describes some of the methods used to identify and isolate different classes of ncRNAs in the size range 50–500 nt. One of these, small nucleolar RNAs, will be discussed in detail.
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| 2. |
- Wagner, Gerhart E. H., et al.
(författare)
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Small regulatory RNAs in bacteria
- 2006
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Ingår i: Small RNAs. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783540281306 ; , s. 1-29
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years, small regulatory RNAs have been discovered at a staggering rate both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. By now it is clear that post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression mediated by such RNAs is the rule rather than—as previously believed—the exception. In this chapter, we focus on small RNAs (sRNAs) encoded by bacterial chromosomes. The strategies for their discovery, their biological roles, and their mechanisms of action are discussed. Even though the number of well-characterized sRNAs in, for example, the best studied model enterobacterium Escherichia coli, is still small, the emerging pattern suggests that antisense mechanisms predominate. In terms of their roles in bacterial physiology, most of these RNAs appear to be involved in stress response regulation. Some other examples indicate functions in regulation of virulence. Two aspects of sRNA-mediated control arising from recent observations are addressed as well. Firstly, some sRNAs need proteins (notably Hfq) as helpers in their antisense activities—at this point the reason for this requirement is not understood. Secondly, only limited sequence complementarity is generally observed in antisense–target RNA pairs. This raises the fundamental question of how specific recognition is accomplished, and what the structure/sequence determinants for rapid and productive interaction are.
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