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| 2. |
- Babapour Chafi, Maral, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Use profiles in Activity-based Flexible Offices – A case study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nordic Ergonomics Society (NES2017) Conference Proceedings; A-L. Osvalder, M. Blomé, and H. Bodnar (Eds.), 20-23 August, Lund. p. 197-204. (2017). - 9789177531524 ; , s. 6-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the users in an Activity-based flexible office follow the intended desk-sharing policy, and further explore if any use patterns emerge regarding workstation choices and preferences. Survey data was collected at a case organisation in Sweden. From all the 66 employees that had been relocated and received the survey electronically, 46 respondents completed the survey. The majority of the respondents followed the desk-sharing policy and did not claim workstations. Motives for switching workstations and workstation choices were related to the nature of respondents’ activities (e.g. temporal conditions), as well as their preferences.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Brolin, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Virtual test persons based on diverse anthropometric data for ergonomics simulations and analysis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 49th NES 2017 Conference "Joy at Work", Lund, August 20-23, 2017. - Lund : Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. - 9789177531524 ; , s. 232-239
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a study where diverse anthropometric data is included in the process of generating data for a group of virtual test persons. Data on body size, strength and ROM were either collected on an individual level or predicted and synthesized and then used in cluster analyses to generate six unique virtual test persons. Results show that the method is able to generate detailed virtual test persons which enables more realistic and accurate simulations, as strength and ROM data is included into the motion prediction algorithms used to generate motions.
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| 5. |
- de Vries, Linda, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Living Labs: a forum for enabling co-creation between multi-disciplinary actors in the workplace?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Nordic Ergonomics Society NES Annual Conference 2017 "Joy at work", 20-23 August 2017, Lund, Sweden. - 9789177531524
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Living Labs are promoted throughout the EU and beyond as being ‘user-centred, open innovation ecosystems based on a systematic user co-creation approach integrating research and innovation processes in real life communities and settings’. This paper aims to understand what Living Labs are and how they may best be utilised within the context of digitalisation of sociotechnical work. Using a combination of literature study and field studies at two Living Labs within the freight transportation sector, it discusses the potential of Living Labs as a forum for enabling co-creation between multi-disciplinary actors directly in the workplace.
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| 8. |
- Insanic, Jasmina, et al.
(författare)
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Expert user perspectives of the Ergo-Index model for analysis of work tasks
- 2017
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Ingår i: NES2017 Conference Proceedings. - Lund : Lund University. ; , s. 313-320
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to evaluate an updated beta version of Ergo-Index, a digital tool for ergonomic risk assessments. The evaluation was performed with 15 expert users who assessed type, distance, height and exposure time of certain work tasks, as well as the usability of the tool. In conclusion, the users find the present state of the Ergo-Index suitable as a first screening method. Assessments of lifting work have the greatest inter-rater reliability. Further development of the digitalized version of the tool is needed to improve accuracy assessing input regarding pushing and pulling work tasks, and to increase usability.
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| 9. |
- Lagerström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Development of an online course “Work and Technology on Human Terms”
- 2017
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Ingår i: NORDIC ERGONOMICS SOCIETY ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2017, Aug 20-23, Lund, Sweden. - 9789177531524
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prevent has collaborated with five Swedish universities of technology to produce an online course in human factors engineering, ergonomics, work science and related subjects. The online course could serve as a pedagogic tool to attract more students to the subject, not only in engineering university programs, but also in economics and human relations programs. In addition to these primary target groups, profes- sionals with an equivalent university education can study the course. The online course is free of charge and in English comprising 14 chapters as well as four work- place cases. It is available in August 2017 at www.onhumanterms.org. The user is free to start and finish the online course independently of others and comprises to- tally approximately 20 hours of study. The user will get a certificate after finishing the complete course including self-correcting knowledge tests.
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| 10. |
- Lindvall, Linus, et al.
(författare)
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How not to run into a wall : A comparative experiment of Movement in Virtual Reality
- 2017
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Ingår i: NES 2017: Conference Proceedings. - : Nordic Ergonomics and Human Factors Society (NES). - 9789177531524 ; , s. 354-362
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent technical developments have resulted in the increased use of Virtual Reality and Head Mounted Displays (HMDs) for entertainment and industrial purposes (Bengtson, Borsos, & Krupenia, 2017). A persistent problem associated with the use of HMDs for VR is that when moving within a virtual environment, the user can experience motion sickness and disorientation resulting in reduced ease of use or efficiency. The purpose of the current research was to establish which movement-based design principle(s) is/are best suited for a virtual environment. Three movement techniques were implemented and tested; a fading teleport, a drag/floating movement, and a hybrid concept. Of interest were motion sickness, disorientation, ease of use, and efficiency. Results indicated that the fading teleport technique best supported ease of use and also reduced disorientation. Further investigation into the teleportation technique and how it can be further improved is suggested.
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| 11. |
- Osvalder, Anna-Lisa, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Excavator simulator training to improve safety, quality, economy and sustainable behaviour
- 2017
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Ingår i: NES 2017 Conference Proceedings. - 9789177531524
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excavator operator is a creative profession that optimally combines solid crafts-manship with modern technology. It requires extensive training to become skilled. Safety is of highest concern in education, since several risk factors are involved when unexperienced operators control powerful machines. An instructor needs constantly supervise real-life training. Training simulators are useful tools. Simulator technology enables a safe and effective environment no matter of weather conditions, for a low cost in a non-polluted way. Students can practice as much as needed without an instructor and follow-ups are easy to assess. The purpose of this study was to further develop an excavator full-scale training simulator. The aim was to identify tacit knowledge and key parameters that characterise a skilled excavator operator and develop instructive training assignments to improve students’ skills in regard to safety, quality, economy and environmental sustainability. The assignments should be appropriate for student training, repeated training and for evaluation of competences when selecting new employees at construction sites. The methods used were literature studies, cognitive theory, interviews with instructors, professional expert drivers and students, observations at construction sites, focus groups with simulator developers and usability tests with students and instructors of implemented changes. The key parameters found for being a skilled excavator operator were divided into physical and mental capabilities. Regarding physical abilities coordination, reaction time, fine motor skill and peripheral vision are most important as well as possibilities to reach and grab various operating devices such as levers, knobs and regulators. Regarding mental capabilities attention, perception, ability to concentrate and simultaneous capacity are essential, which in over-all can lead to achieving high situation awareness. In the simulation software the abilities became about 30 metrics and were registered as physical and mental abilities in real time. Advanced algorithms were developed for continuous evaluation of combinations of metrics to find hazardous behaviour, environmental sustainable operations and high quality operations. This resulted in three final scores describing achievement of safety, quality and economy when executing a training task in the simulator. When executing a task, the students are provided with continuous feedback on the screen about their present success rate regarding safety, quality and economy. The results from the usability tests showed that the students became more motivated and enthusiastic, due to the continuous feedback of their performance and the possibility to understand what to improve. To compare results from time to time individually as well as informal competitions between students could make them gain better skill in a shorter time. To conclude, presenting results of how well you perform excavating in a safe way with high quality and economy and understanding how improvements of performance can be done are important aspects for the student’s adaption to real working situations.
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| 12. |
- Simonsen, Eva, 1980
(författare)
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A comparison of human factors evaluation approaches for nuclear power plant control room assessment and their relation to levels of design decision specificity
- 2017
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Ingår i: NES 2017 Conference Proceedings; A-L. Osvalder, M. Blomé, and H. Bodnar (Eds.), 20-23 August, Lund.. - 9789177531524 ; , s. 405-414
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many design decisions must be made and repeatedly evaluated during the development process to form a nuclear power plant control room system that supports safe operation. The purpose of this paper is to compare utilised approaches to evaluate nuclear power plant control room systems and explore how they relate to design decisions at different levels of specificity. The method used was a review of academic literature. The result showed that evaluation of more specific design decisions is largely addressed. However, there is a need to further develop methodologies and methods for formative evaluation of more general design decisions to support assessment earlier in the development process.
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| 13. |
- Waleh Åström, Amanda, et al.
(författare)
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Uncertainty in monetary cost estimates for assessing working postures using inclinometry, observation or self-report
- 2017
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Ingår i: NES 2017 ”JOY AT WORK”. - 9789177531524 ; , s. 160-161
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundIn order to optimize cost-efficiency when collecting posture data in field studies, accurate cost data are needed. A few studies have assessed costs of different measurement methods, but they did not address the uncertainty of the cost estimates. Information on the uncertainty of cost estimates is key input when deciding which method to use.AimThis study aimed atassessingthe uncertainty in estimates of costs for collecting posture data by inclinometry, observations and self-report.MethodThe study wasbased on data collected at a Swedish paper mill (Heiden et al. 2017)1. Using a model developed by Trask et al. (2014)2, costs were calculatedfor measuring trunk and upperarm postures of twenty-eight workers during three full shifts using inclinometers, observations from recorded videos, and workers’ self-reports from a questionnaire. For each measurement method, the uncertainty of the actually observed total cost was assessed by determining the range of costs between an assumed best case (lowest cost) and worst case (highest cost) using scenario analysis.ResultsObservation was the most expensive method (€41499) and also showed a large uncertainty in the cost estimate (€19089–€87154). Self-reports had the lowest cost (€9156) with the smallest uncertainty (€3941–€27473). The overall cost for inclinometry was €16851 with best and worst cases €8567 and €60313, respectively. The actual costs of inclinometry and self-reports in the conducted study were reasonably close to the best case.DiscussionIn their study of flight baggage handling, Trask et al. (2014) concluded that inclinometry was more expensive than observation when measuring trunk and arm postures. In the present study, we found observation to be the more expensive. Given the uncertainty in cost estimates, both results are plausible. Notably, in Trask et al. (2014), video recordings were restricted to 4 hours, whereas in the present material, video recordings covered full 7 -to 12-hour shifts. The time allocated to collecting video material for observations will significantly affect the cost comparison of methods, and this may serve as an example that further investigations of separate cost components for each method are warranted.ConclusionsBased on a meticulous cost assessment, we found that cost estimates for observation of working postures were the most uncertain, followed by inclinometry and self-reports. A better understanding of data collection costs and their uncertainty, and thus of how to properly identifyan optimal measurement method, requires a deeper analysis of the cost model, and of the contributions of separate cost components to the overall cost1 https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxw02622 https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3416
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| 14. |
- Winkel, Jörgen, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Scientific evidence suggests a changed approach in ergonomic intervention research
- 2017
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Ingår i: Osvalder A.-L., Blomé M. & Bodnar H. (Eds.) NES 2017, Conference Proceedings. - Lund. - 9789177531524
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ergonomic interventions have generally been unsuccessful in improving workers’ health, with concurrent rationalization efforts negating potentially successful intervention initiatives. We propose the two aims are considered simultaneously, aiming at the joint consideration of competitive performance and work environment in a long-term perspective (“organizational sustainability”). A prerequisite is a high level of dialogue between the different groups of stakeholders, and we argue that the Nordic countries, through high levels of trust and justice (social capital), have unique opportunity to carry out such research. The present authors bring forth the vision of “a Nordic Model for development of more sustainable production systems”.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Örtengren, Roland, 1942
(författare)
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Exposure and risk quantification for improved relationship assessment in occupational investigations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Osvalder, A.-L., Blomé, M., Bodnar, H. NES 2017 Conference Proceedings "Joy at Work". - 9789177531524 ; , s. 470-475
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data gathered in occupational workplace investigations can be used as a source to improve the statistics. The aim of this paper is to start a discussion on how this can be done. Some suggestions for this are given: e.g. that there should be an increased use of quantitative data in occupational investigations. The number of variables used in exposure quantification should be limited and agreed upon. The variation in terminology should be reduced by improving the definitions of the terms used and also by developing a methods standard. In this way the relationships between exposure and effect could be formulated in quantitative terms. There are many influencing factors which affect the possibility to make comparisons over time, but increased use of precise concepts and standardized methods can result in much better statistics.
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| 17. |
- Österman, Cecilia, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Preventing workplace violence and threats among professional cleaners : how not to be in the ‘wrong place at the wrong time’
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 49<sup>th</sup> Annual Nordic Ergonomics Society Conference, "Joy at work". - Lund : Lund Universitet. - 9789177531524 ; , s. 460-467
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Professional cleaners work in a complex work environment, subjected to various physical and mental loads. This paper focuses on work related violence and threats and practical suggestions for its prevention and mitigation. By organizing and designing cleaning work in time and space it is possible to reduce the risk of cleaners being in the 'wrong place at the wrong time’. Cleaners need to have sufficient knowledge of how their work can be carried out as safely as possible; how to act when threatening or precarious situations occur, and feel confident in managerial support if they need to interrupt work in a threatening situation.
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| 18. |
- Österman, Cecilia, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Work environment challenges and participatory workplace interventions on passenger ships
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 49<sup>th</sup> Nordic Ergonomics Society (NES) Conference Joy at Work. - : Lund University. - 9789177531524 ; , s. 452-459
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is part of a larger research project investigating working conditions for employees in the service department on board passenger ships. A mixed methods approach was adopted, and this paper focuses on the findings related to the physical work environment. The main findings show the physical factors to be largely related to high physical load and time pressure. The design of workplaces and equipment is a cornerstone for a sustainable work environment. Participatory design practices open the opportunity to foster employee engagement in workplace design, contributing towards increased employee health and well-being.
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