| 1. |
- Amundsdotter, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Developing innovative organisations : using action-orientated gender research
- 2012
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Ingår i: Promoting innovation. - Stockholm : Vinnova. - 9789186517717 ; , s. 310-327
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lack of gender awareness affects not only the conditions under which people work, itis also an obstacle to organisations’ ability to produce, develop and organise for innovation.This article presents an approach called action-orientated gender research, amerger of two theoretical perspectives: a) the doing-gender perspective, with its understandingof gender as formed in on-going relational activities and b) learning theorywithin the action research tradition, which focuses on reflection, learning and especiallyreflective learning for transformation. Gender theory and learning theory are combinedinto joint learning processes in networks of participants from different organisationswithin innovation systems. This makes it possible to uncover taken-for-grantedassumptions and gendered power relations which constrain the development of newinnovative possibilities in organisations.This article will present basic theoretical characteristic of the action-orientatedgender research approach, plus examples of how we have worked with this approachin a network of middle managers. Moreover, we will elaborate on the important considerationswe have discovered for organising transformative learning aimed at developinggender-aware, innovative organisations. The empirical material in the articlecomes from two meetings. One in which co-research was conducted with two managersworking in the same organisation. The other meeting took place one month laterwhen all the managers in the Gender network were present. During this second meeting,observations from the earlier co-research were presented and discussed using theconcentric circle method.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2012
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Ingår i: Promoting innovation. - Stockholm : Vinnova. - 9789186517717 ; , s. 9-19
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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PART I: Policies for Innovation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Promoting Innovation. - Stockholm : Vinnova. - 9789186517717 ; , s. 21-24
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Berglund, Karin, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Innovative policies? Entrepreneurship and innovation policy from a gender perspective
- 2012
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Ingår i: Promoting innovation. - Stockholm : Vinnova. - 9789186517717 ; , s. 25-46
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Innovation and entrepreneurship are no longer two words that only assist in describing societal phenomena of “newness”, “change” and “diffusion”; they have also grown into important policy areas for assisting the European Union Member States to estab-lish conditions for creating economic growth, new jobs and social cohesion. Our inter-est lies in understanding the gender dimension of innovation and entrepreneurship policy. Do entrepreneurship and innovation policies consolidate, adapt to, challenge, or even transform the gender system? The gender system is referred to here as a theo-retical concept which recognises how men and women are separated in society, hori-zontally as well as vertically. This chapter provides a discourse analysis of two texts within the framework of the Lisbon Strategy - Innovative Sweden (2004) and the Green Paper of Entrepreneurship (European Commisson, 2003), with the aim of look-ing into how innovation and entrepreneurship policies are gendered.
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| 5. |
- Callerstig, Anne-Charlott, 1971-
(författare)
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Public servants as agents for change in gender mainstreaming - the complexity of practice
- 2012
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Ingår i: Promoting Innovation. - Stockholm : VINNOVA. - 9789186517717 ; , s. 239-269
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter describes and discusses actions taken to integrate a gender perspective (gender mainstreaming) within the Swedish government agency of VINNOVA. Despite the popularity of gender mainstreaming, its rapid spread and adoption both in Sweden and internationally, it is a largely contested concept. Theorists on gender mainstreaming suggest that the strategy may lead to co-optation with the dominant discourse in an organisation and thus no transformation of the current agenda taking place. Others have argued that it provides a possibility to change by addressing root causes. Previous studies of the implementation of the gender mainstreaming strategy have often been built on analyses on a theoretical or policy level. This chapter takes a different approach by examining the micro-practices developed by actors in public organisations when implementing gender mainstreaming strategies. This is done by examining the roles of both actors and agency. The chapter is based on the results of a case study of the work at VINNOVA; these results are initially described in the article based on the actors’ own accounts of their work. The intriguing “story” of developments in the organisation is followed by a discussion of the micro-practices and strategies in use, based on notions of tempered radicalism (Meyerson and Scully 1995, Meyerson, 2001ab) and small-wins strategies (Weick 1984). The questions of co-optation and subversiveness are problematised through an examination of different strategies of resistance and negotiation (Swan and Fox 2010) used in and around the work. In this context, notions of actors and agency are seen as interlinked, bringing together political intervention and professional and personal positioning (Parsons and Priola 2012) in the practical equality work.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Hedlund, Gun, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Gendered partnerships and networks in Swedish innovation policy : a case study of multi-level governance
- 2012
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Ingår i: Promoting innovation. - Stockholm : VINNOVA. - 9789186517717 ; , s. 155-172
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this chapter is to describe the relationshipbetween formal Swedish partner-ships of the European Regional Development Fund and informal gendered networking related to the policy of women’s entrepreneurship. In choosingtwo cases, the counties of Jönköping and Jämtland, we wish to investigate similarities and differences related to the aim of the study. The process surrounding the Structural Fundprojects is an illustration of multi-level governance. The formal institutions support the idea of gen-der-inclusivenetworks. In our empirical data we find that there areseveral different kinds of networks and networking. On the one hand, the relationship between the for-mal, institutionalised partnership and its elite network and women in business seems weak, whilst on the other handbeingstrong amongst male Triple Helix actors. The social dimension of networking seems more important than we had expected; thus local setting and geographical proximity to other agents is vital. This contrasts withthe organisation of the large Structural Fundregions which includes several counties. It also contrasts with“created” networks and arenas in whichpeople with no priorcon-nections are supposed to interact. Our empirical studies indicate that sphere-bridging exists on different levels, sometimes on the target group level and sometimes on the operational level. When writing project applications or running projects, however those networks are embedded in a firm and bureaucratic structure.
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| 9. |
- Hudson, Christine
(författare)
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New Subject Positions for Non-Traditional Actors or Business as Usual in the Strong Region Discourse?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Promoting Innovation. - Stockholm : Vinnova. - 9789186517717 ; , s. 68-90
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish regional policy has moved from being ahighly centralised, national government regional policy aiming at levelling outterritorial differences and aiding problem regions to a more decentralised,neo-liberal policy focusing on promoting growth in the whole country. In this new policy, emphasis is placed on the need for increased entrepreneurship and the development of innovation systems in order to facilitate the region’s economic growth so that it becomes a strong region. Applying Carol Bacchi’s “What’s the Problem?” approach to government policy documents and reports concerning regional policy between 1993 and 2010, this chapter analyses the gendered consequences ofthe strong region discourse and asks what spaces and subject positions are being created for those who do not fit the strong region image? Who is constructed as the entrepreneurial citizen capable of promoting innovation? The chapter identifies several competing discourses at work: the strong region discourse, the gender equality for growth discourse, and the women as a problemin achieving regional development discourse. It argues that these are, somewhat paradoxically, complementary and contradictory - both opening and closing spaces and opportunities for subjectivities for women and other “Others”, particularly when gender, ethnicity and age intersect. It concludes that the male norm underlying the construction of entrepreneurship and innovation still continues to dominate and the networks and clusters that women engage in are generally not ascribed a place in innovation systems and consequently not defined as “innovation”. Nevertheless, although it still appears to be businessas usual, potential may lurk in the cracks between the representations of women, immigrants and young people, both as problems and as assets. These can perhaps provide opportunities to challenge the dominant gendered, radicalised and sexualised power relations in regional policy and the construction of innovation as “masculine”.
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| 10. |
- Källhammer, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Gendered innovative design : critical reflections stimulated by personas
- 2012
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Ingår i: Promoting innovation. - Stockholm : Vinnova. - 9789186517717 ; , s. 328-350
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter focuses on our re-design of the Persona Method into a tool for criticalreflection on gender issues in entrepreneurship and innovation systems. Whereas suchsystems often are considered gender neutral, we in contrast are emphasizing the needfor communicating and discussing the 'doing of gender’ with actors within those constellations.The aim of this chapter is to explore our development of the Persona Methodfor action-based design in gender equality interventions. A persona is a fictionalcharacter used in our research work to increase gender awareness in interventions. Themethod is used to communicate issues and concerns as well as visions in participatoryinquiries. In our experience the Persona Method engages people in dialogues aboutgender; people totally unfamiliar with gender theories. We therefore examine actionbaseddesign using personas in order to advance the discussion beyond the “problematicwomen issue”. Not only do we highlight a way to discuss gender inequality, ultimatelywe illustrate a means of unsettling and challenging conventional beliefs ongender.
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| 11. |
- Lindberg, Malin
(författare)
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A striking pattern : Co-construction of innovation, men and masculinity in Sweden’s innovation policy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Promoting innovation. - Stockholm : Vinnova. - 9789186517717 ; , s. 47-67
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter explores the mutual interconnectedness of gender and innovation in innovation policy, using Sweden as an empirical case. Firstly, the priority pattern of actors and industries in innovation policy programmes and strategies is examined. Secondly, the link from the priority pattern to men and masculinities is scrutinised. Thirdly, the dynamics of this link are discussed in relation to prospects for a policy that is not based on segregating and hierarchical gender constructions. The empirical data covers all national (and a selection of regional) policy programmes promoting innovation systems and clusters since the turn of the millennium in Sweden, as described in public policy documents. It is revealed that the groups of Basic and Manufacturing Industries and New Technologies, both primarily employing men as employees and entrepreneurs, have been given high priority within Sweden’s innovation policy whilst the group of Service and Experience Industries, employing mostly women, has been given low priority. On a symbolic level, the two prioritised groups can be connected to two forms of masculinities: one based on physical strength and mechanical skills and the other on a calculating rationality among technological experts. Introducing the concept of co-construction of gender and innovation, it is highlighted how gender/masculinity and innovation are mutually constructed within the innovation policy when the pattern of prioritisation coincides with the gender-segregated labour market. Three different strategies could be combined to change these gendered patterns: inclusion, reversal and displacement. These reduce formal barriers to women and men in the formulation of policy programmes and strategies, acknowledge the importance of areas employing many women in policy priorities and reach beyond dualistic gender constructions by including a wide range of actors, areas and innovations. Innovation systems and clusters which manage to bridge the gap between different industries have the potential to reach beyond segregating and hierarchical gender constructions in Sweden’s innovation policy.
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| 12. |
- Lindgren, Gerd, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Economic Geography in Regional Planning : Homosocial Stories or Allowing Spaces
- 2012
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Ingår i: Promoting innovation. - Stockholm : VINNOVA. - 9789186517717 ; , s. 135-155
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The regional programme “Sustainable Värmlandic Growth for the period 2004 – 2007” is a textbook example of the regional development policy that was developed since the early 1990s in Sweden. One can find many similarities with the work being done in this county and the theoretical explanations developed in the "new economic geography". This programme lends itself very well to an analysis of economic geography and gender mainstreaming in regional policy, which we perform in this paper. We build the paper on a qualitative study in the Värmland region in the late 2000s. The study was carried out through making close readings of the growth programme documents and interactive research together with thirty appointed women in senior positions in the region. Our analysis indicates that the process of developing the growth programme was influenced by homotopical networks (place-specific male homosocial practices), as the large partnership that was formed was dominated by men and people from central areas, reconstructing past power relations. We can also conclude that the male dominated clusters were prioritised in the regional growth programme, while potentially successful clusters and innovation systems which included large numbers of women, were to a large degree excluded. We also conclude that the growth programme was not gender mainstreamed. We suggest that the concept of allowing spaces can be applied in ordet to identify alternative development possibilities and for new initiatives to take place, e.g. implying to integrate the women-dominated clusters in as potential clusters to build regional development on. Allowing spaces, we suggest, could have a potential to integrate gender into the discussion of regional development.
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| 13. |
- Lundkvist, Hans, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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’Doing Gender’ in a Local and Regional Context : An Innovative Process of Mainstreaming Gender Equality
- 2012
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Ingår i: Promoting Innovation. - Stockholm : VINNOVA–Verket för Innovationssystem. - 9789186517717 ; , s. 291-311
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainable regional and business development depends on access to people motivated to invest their lives in a region and its enterprise. However in a time of demographical changes, urbanisation and new values on life and work among the next generation, the issue of attractiveness is crucial for both a region and its workplaces. The purpose of this chapter is to describe a process methodology for increased gender awareness in an enterprise and to emphasise the relationship between organisational and regional de- velopment. In this context, we use the innovative combination of the two scientific fields, gender and action-research in a collaborative project between researchers and an engineering enterprise in a semi-rural area of Sweden. This collaboration aims for a more gender mainstreamed organisation so as to retain and attract the most suitable labour for the future. During the long-term process, the employer and employees be- came more conscious of the importance of gender-equal issues; a factor we believe to be an important prerequisite of sustainable growth.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Scholten, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Inward and Outward learning processes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Promoting innovation. - : Vinnova. - 9789186517717 ; , s. 198-220
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I artikeln diskuteras erfarenheter av att arbeta med tillämpad genusforskning i starka innovationsmiljöer. Under tre år arbetade författarna med en stark innovationsmiljö för att utveckla genus- och jämställdhetsperspektiv. I artikeln analyseras framgångsfaktorer och svårigheter utifrån projektets design och dess konsekvenser.
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| 16. |
- Sundin, Elisabeth, 1946-
(författare)
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Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Gender : The construction of projects for entrepreneurship and innovation in the healthcare and care sectors
- 2012
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Ingår i: Promoting innovation. - Stockholm : Vinnova. - 9789186517717 ; , s. 155-172
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This anthology uses a gender perspective to analyse constraining structures in innovation systems. Focusing on mainstream policies as well as regional and organisational practices, it presents procedures, methods and methodologies to develop genderaware, innovative organisations.Fostering innovation requires ability to question what is taken for granted and perceived as the natural order. Challenging this order often requires a critical mind where a gender perspective can be useful. The experience of integrating a gender perspective can be likened to turning a kaleidoscope; the resulting shift in perspective causes new images and highlights new opportunities.This anthology is the result of more than ten years’ research and development work funded by VINNOVA and aimed at establishing a research field in gender and innovation. Ten years ago, there were few researchers and limited research focusing on this area. Today, the picture is different and this anthology presents the analyses of 31 researchers on how gender is a constraining structure within innovation systems. There is little doubt that integrating a gender perspective helps promoting innovation.
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| 17. |
- Sundin, Elisabeth, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2012
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Ingår i: Promoting innovation. - Stockholm : Vinnova. - 9789186517717 ; , s. 9-20
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This anthology uses a gender perspective to analyse constraining structures in innovation systems. Focusing on mainstream policies as well as regional and organisational practices, it presents procedures, methods and methodologies to develop genderaware, innovative organisations.Fostering innovation requires ability to question what is taken for granted and perceived as the natural order. Challenging this order often requires a critical mind where a gender perspective can be useful. The experience of integrating a gender perspective can be likened to turning a kaleidoscope; the resulting shift in perspective causes new images and highlights new opportunities.This anthology is the result of more than ten years’ research and development work funded by VINNOVA and aimed at establishing a research field in gender and innovation. Ten years ago, there were few researchers and limited research focusing on this area. Today, the picture is different and this anthology presents the analyses of 31 researchers on how gender is a constraining structure within innovation systems. There is little doubt that integrating a gender perspective helps promoting innovation.
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| 18. |
- Sundin, Elisabeth, 1946-
(författare)
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Practices for Innovation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Promoting innovation. - Stockholm : Vinnova. - 9789186517717 ; , s. 131-134
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This anthology uses a gender perspective to analyse constraining structures in innovation systems. Focusing on mainstream policies as well as regional and organisational practices, it presents procedures, methods and methodologies to develop genderaware, innovative organisations.Fostering innovation requires ability to question what is taken for granted and perceived as the natural order. Challenging this order often requires a critical mind where a gender perspective can be useful. The experience of integrating a gender perspective can be likened to turning a kaleidoscope; the resulting shift in perspective causes new images and highlights new opportunities.This anthology is the result of more than ten years’ research and development work funded by VINNOVA and aimed at establishing a research field in gender and innovation. Ten years ago, there were few researchers and limited research focusing on this area. Today, the picture is different and this anthology presents the analyses of 31 researchers on how gender is a constraining structure within innovation systems. There is little doubt that integrating a gender perspective helps promoting innovation.
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