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| 2. |
- Bengtsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic universities- do they have any entrepreneurial objectives and strategies?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Uddevalla Symposium. - 9789197794343 ; , s. 63-78
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on a survey of the 20 largest Nordic universities, 12 Humboldtian type universities and 8 technical universities, and their espoused objectives and strategies regarding their entrepreneurial and innovation role related to regional and national economic development. The study is based on archival data; public documents issued by each university and higher education authorities. The paper describes and analyzes objectives, strategies, organizational capabilities and performance measures in relation to the Nordic universities’ innovative and entrepreneurial role and finally discusses reasons for varying empirical patterns.
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| 3. |
- Bernhard, Irene, 1953-
(författare)
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Entrepreneurs and Policy Networks : A Study of the Implementation of two Swedish Municipal Contact Centers
- 2012. - 1
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Ingår i: Uddevalla Symposium 2012<em> </em>. - Trollhättan : University West. - 9789197794343 ; , s. 79-93
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to discuss lessons learned of policy entrepreneurs to analyze how local policy entrepreneurs are acting in setting up local municipal contact centers - a Swedish local e-governmental initiative. The increased interest in political entrepreneurship has both analytical and practical grounds and implications. The networked governance settings demand new roles of entrepreneurial actors, which are approached here in relation to their localization, how they act to expand action spaces for themselves as well as others in the local community.…This case study is based on qualitative field studies. The main methods used were interviews with key actors, document studies and observations. The results indicate two main implications of Contact Centers; they localize public services and combine different services into a one-stop operation, striving to provide a ‘holistic’ approach to the individual citizen in her local context. However, contact center implementation also includes an organizational change within the municipalities, facilitating a reorganization of back-office procedures in order to optimize the efficiency and quality aspects. The policy entrepreneurs forming the contact centers promoted them from different perspectives and with varying ambitions. In one of the studied cases the core values of inclusion and participation grounded the design of the contact center, while in the other case the issue as such was the key – a new organizational approach. This is here explained as two illustrations of different approaches of policy networks and entrepreneurial behavior.
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| 4. |
- Birksjö, David, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish Innovation Paradox Revisited : A Discussion about Measurement Problems
- 2012
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Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and innovation networks. - Trollhättan : University West. - 9789197794343 ; , s. 95-110
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The literature in the field of innovation lacks clear definitions of how to classify different types of innovations and how they are operationalized and measured. This can create problems when innovation policies are developed.Recent responses to the Swedish paradox (Granberg and Jacobsson, 2006; McKelvey et al. 2007) – where investments in knowledge and R&D not in a corresponding manner contributes to innovations and economic growth – states that measurement problems may be the answer to the existence of this paradox. Innovations are often measured by number of patents, patent citations and R&D expenditures.In this paper we primarily focus on the number of patent applications as proxy for innovation to provide better information for decision making and research.The study consists of two empirical parts. One focusing on data covering the Swedish security industry and data on patents applications. The other part is a qualitative study where managers are interviewed about innovativeness within their company. This allows us to find innovations that are not showing in the patent data.Our study showed that major innovations were often introduced from other industries – implemented by large dominating companies – and they were seldom patented. Our quantitative data indicates a lower level of innovation that arguably could be assumed to be the case judging from our qualitative data which includes a number of unpatented innovations. Notwithstanding considerable measurement problems, it seems that the Swedish security industry is characterised by high growth in terms of number of firms but a relatively modest amount of patented innovations. Major innovations have rather come from other industries, or have not been patented and therefore they are not captured in statistics when using patent as a proxy for innovation. This study provides empirics from the Swedish security industry that indicates these claims.With this paper we want to provide a basis for discussion about the use of patent statistics as an indicator of innovation. We also suggest that the usage of patents as a proxy for innovations need to be further discussed and elaborated.
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| 6. |
- Lundh Snis, Ulrika, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic Innovation Networks in Education : Dealing with Educational Challenges with Cross Boarder Collaboration and User Driven Design
- 2012
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Ingår i: Uddevalla Symposium 2012<em> </em>. - 9789197794343 ; , s. 553-571
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is an EU-funded project related to cross boarder collaboration for educational purposes supported by information and communication technologies between Danish, Norwegian and Swedish schools. The project started in 2011 and extends to 2014 so this empirically dominated paper reports on early findings related to cross-border collaboration challenges. The aim of the project is to develop innovative cross-border teaching models by the means of user-driven, practice-based co-design processes between practitioners and researchers. In the first year, 18 classes from 13 schools in Denmark, Norway and Sweden in the Öresund-Kattegatt-Skagerack region participated. Organized in so called Nordic class-match groups (consisting of students and teachers from one class in each country) new cross-border teaching models are co-created, tested and evaluated in an iterative process. Since teaching models are subject dependent, the project develop teaching models in several subject domains, i.e. math, language, science and social studies / history. Heretofore findings show, however, that organizational and technical issues have superseded and squeezed out subject-oriented discussions due to surprisingly many practical issues that needed to be handled first. We have identified three major thresholds to overcome. The first is related to technical difficulties in schools when diverse IT systems are to be synchronized. The second threshold concerns scheduling coordination difficulties in order to allow synchronous cross boarder collaboration. The third threshold concerns linguistic and communication difficulties rooted in participants communicating in their respective Nordic language. Being able to communicate within Nordic languages are explicit learning goals in all three schools systems, and therefore part of the project aim and consequently all participants are expected to use their native languages when communicating. The next phase of the project is therefore to find solutions to these technical, organizational and linguistic barriers, and already now we see some barrier breaking models taking shape in the active network of Nordic teachers, students, school leaders, IT support teams and researchers.
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| 8. |
- Wihlborg, Elin, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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“Östgöta Textile” an innovative network in a triple helix logic – towards peer incubating
- 2012
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Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and innovation networks. - Trollhättan : Department of Economics and IT, University West. - 9789197794343 ; , s. 691-706
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Policies and practices promoting growth in jobs and local/regional economies almost always include the promotion of firms. In the triple helix logic, the promotion of firms can be supported by a close network of actors from government and universities. However, even firms that have been in business for long may need support to develop or stay in business. This is probably even more the case in small, instable markets. In creative industries such as art and handicraft, these growth processes might be even more complicated and intricate.This paper tells the story of a group of small, creative firms collaborating in a regional network to improved growth. The firms are all led by enthusiastic women in different stages of doing business through textile handicraft. The common theme is taking the cultural heritage of textile design and production further and even becoming tourist attractions. They have formed a network named “Östgöta Textile” to help each other and find inspiration for growth through collaboration.Östgöta Textile is the outcome of a long process of network formation, aided by the university-led Kultexturism project that had the mission to help these women to form the network. By forming a network and finding public support (both economic and other resources), both the individual firms and the idea of the textile cultural heritage are promoted and marketed. The formalized network is called Östgöta Textile. During its first years, the network has focused on business learning schemes/education, shared marketing and exhibitions, a webpage etc. The analysis of Östgöta Texile shows that the local and low-tech firms have received an important amount of help and support from the academic and governmental networks during the formative process. We describe how different types of entrepreneurs have taken on leading roles in this process and finally we elaborate on the idea the network as a form of peer incubation.
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| 9. |
- Örnerheim, Mattias
(författare)
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Mapping via Time-Geography to Elucidate Institutional, Economic and Political Change
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 15th Uddevalla Symposium,2012, Entrepreneurship and Innovation Networks. - Bohus : Ale Tryckteam. - 9789197794343 ; , s. 1-10
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Change has always been an issue for studies in politics and economics. However, there are few systematic treatments of institutions. This paper exemplifies how institutions (i.e., rules, norms and conventions) relate to the time-geography concepts of constraints, which affect different agents, policy-making, as well as economic performance.This paper seeks to advance the current discussion and sets some groundwork for further elaboration on economic and political change from an ontological perspective based in time-geography. It offers an initial exploration of the analysis of institutional change by a conceptualization of constraints in time-geography.The contribution of this study lies in the fact that insights from a time-geography approach have the ability to make the evolutionary perspective more coherent in empirically-related works when grading and ordering institutions of relevance concerning economic and political evolvement.
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