| 1. |
- Azizi, Shoaib, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Demand-controlled energy systems in commercial and institutional buildings : a review of methods and potentials
- 2019
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Ingår i: eceee 2019 Summer Study on energy efficiency. - : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE). - 9789198387858 - 9789198387841 ; , s. 1444-1450
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) are by farthe most energy intensive systems in commercial and institutionalbuildings with office spaces. This makes HVAC systemsattractive targets for energy efficiency improvement. New technologicaladvancements can play significant role on improvingenergy efficiency. Such advancements have been also emergedin form of novel management and control strategies, whichmight lead to considerable energy savings with relatively minorinvestments. This paper evaluates demand control HVAC andlighting to assess the energy saving potential of upgrading theconventional building energy systems.This paper provides a summary of different methods and occupancydetection technologies. A range of technologies andmethods are covered that vary in complexity, limitations andenergy saving potential. Additional benefits such as demandresponse are evaluated and other emerging applications arediscussed. Based on the review of methods and potentials, thepaper assesses the state of the art in demand controlled energysystems and suggests areas for further research.
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| 2. |
- Johansson, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Non-energy benefits in energy audit and energy efficiency network policy programs for industrial SMEs
- 2019
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Ingår i: ECEEE 2019 Summer Study Proceedings. - 9789198387858 - 9789198387841 ; , s. 225-233
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improved energy efficiency is a key component towards sustainable and climate-neutral industrial energy systems. The potential for industrial energy efficiency varies between sectors and processes but is stated to be high. Implementation of energy efficiency measures and activities could also result in benefits in addition to energy cost savings, benefits that are more difficult to quantify in economic terms. Research shows that additional gains from investments are underestimated as non-energy benefits (NEBs) are often neglected when the financial attractiveness of energy efficiency investments are evaluated. In the literature, great attention has been given to realise industrial energy efficiency potential through industrial energy policies and programs, in order to promote investments and implementation of new, more efficient technologies and processes. The most internationally common industrial energy policies for industrial SMEs are energy audit programs, but energy efficiency networks have also received increased attention from policymakers. However, there is a scarcity of studies exploring NEBs in relation to industrial SME energy audits and energy efficiency network policy programs. The aim of this study was to identify and compare NEBs from two key energy efficiency policies: energy audit and energy efficiency network programs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with executives at two groups of industrial companies: companies that participated in the regional Swedish energy efficiency network policy program, and participants from the national energy audit program, Swedish Energy Audit Program (SEAP). The overall most commonly mentioned NEBs were related to production, such as increased lifetime of equipment and more reliable production. However, while participants from the energy audit program related these NEBs mainly to technical installations, network participants also saw these types of NEBs from energy management practices. If NEBs were to be included in energy audit programs the benefit of the audits could be increased, but will then particularly affect the technical installations. NEBs in terms of network participation were shown to lead to an increase in the general benefits of the networks, and for network companies NEBs are also linked to measures related to operation and maintenance, i.e., energy management practices. One difference between the two groups was that NEB improved the company’s environmental image. Two of the companies participating in the network policy program had presented their participation on their public webpage perceiving this as a very important benefit, while respondents from the energy audit program could not relate their company image to their energy audit. One additional NEB that was found, not previously mentioned in the scientific literature on NEBs, was that among the network participants, establishing contacts with other companies in the region was considered of great importance, and further contacts that would not have been established outside of the network. Results even found new customer relationships as a result of the network. This finding is of a general nature, thus apart from the other commonly known NEBs, an additional NEB that primarily relates to participation in energy efficiency networks that this study found is establishing new relationships with other companies in the region.
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| 3. |
- Tettey, Uniben Yao Ayikoe, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Primary energy implications for low-energy buildings with different frame construction systems under varying climate scenarios
- 2019
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Ingår i: eceee 2019 Summer Study on energy efficiency. - : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE). - 9789198387841 - 9789198387858 ; , s. 1407-1417
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, a 6 storey prefabricated concrete building in Sweden is used as reference to explore life cycle primary energy implications of different frame construction systems under various climate scenarios. The building was redesigned as a low-energy building to the Swedish passive house criteria with frame construction systems in cross laminated timber, prefabricated timber modules and concrete. Using a system perspective approach, we account for relevant energy and material flows linked to the production, construction, operation and end-of-life phases of the building alternatives, including thermal mass effects under recent (2013) as reference and future (2090-2099) climate periods based on representative concentration pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. Results show that the buildings' heating and cooling demands vary significantly under the climate scenarios. The timber systems give lower production primary energy and higher biomass residues than the concrete alternative. The concrete system requires slightly lower operation energy due to thermal mass benefits but still, the timber systems give overall lower life cycle primary energy balance. This study shows that low-energy timber buildings with efficient energy supply can play an important role in mitigating climate change for a resource-efficient and sustainable built environment under current and future climate scenarios. © 2019 European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Glad, Wiktoria, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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The Vallastaden model : alternative urban governance and energy system designs
- 2019
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Ingår i: eceee Summer Study Proceedings 2019. - : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE). - 9789198387841
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2017, the new city district Vallastaden hosted an urban planning and housing exhibition to show the innovative and sustainable results of “the Vallastaden model”, a cross-sectoral governance concept and energy system designed at local level in Sweden.The concept cut across sectors such as energy, housing, transport and local businesses. One of the core features of the concept was quality criteria-based land sale. These quality criteria included alternative energy systems such as the design of passive and plus-energy housing, design diversity and renewable construction material, e.g. timber frames.This research analyses energy relevant European Union Directives as implemented at local level: the alternative urban governance concept “the Vallastaden model” and resulting diversity and alternative energy designs. Research questions are: how was alternative urban governance possible and how was the “Vallastaden” concept implemented?The research is a detailed case study, based on an analysis of public documents from the local council, interviews with stakeholders and field observations. The results show how for several years the concept was part of the political processes at local level, publicly debated and in focus during post-election periods, but survived and was eventually embraced by several political parties along the left-right scale.The implementation followed one of the core ideas of the concept: Diversity in architectural design and design of energy systems as well as housing tenure. In contrast to the visible diversity “above ground”, the underground energy system has one single designer: the local publicly owned energy company, which implemented an innovative infrastructure culvert for all basic energy services.The conclusion is that, under the pressure of joint challenges such as housing shortages, local economic constraints and low-emission carbon goals, alternative urban governance concepts can emerge which provide long-term commitments and joint efforts across sectors and political party agendas.
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| 5. |
- Mainali, Brijesh, Dr, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Criteria based approach for assessment of policy instruments for deep renovation of residential building in the Netherlands
- 2019
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Ingår i: ECEEE Summer Study proceedings. - : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE). - 9789198387841 ; , s. 599-606
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The building sector is responsible for more than 40 % of the energy use and 32 % of carbon dioxide emissions in the European Union (EU). Previous research has shown that the present rate of energy retrofit and refurbishment in Europe is far below (<50 %) than that is required to meet the EU's building related energy efficiency goals for 2020. Appropriate policy interventions for deep renovation is perceived as a catalytic agent in promoting energy efficiency and leveraging more investments in the building sector. EU directives regarding Energy Efficiency reflects in various member states' national targets and policy measures to improve the energy performance of the existing building stocks. Economic policy instruments seem to be influential in steering the deep renovation market, but this alone may not be sufficient for the sustainable growth of the market. There is a need for market-based approach to enhance the private sector involvement, both in terms of technical and financial capabilities. This paper evaluates the policy instrument used for promoting deep renovation of residential buildings in the Netherlands. A "Theory-based evaluation" technique has been used in analyzing the content of the policy instrument, and the underlying theories and policies, at output and impact level. A set of the evaluation criteria have been applied for assessing such policy instruments in leveraging energy efficiency investments and their effectiveness in terms of energy savings. The assessments are done based on the meta-analysis of relevant literature and data sources, and finalized in consultation with the Dutch partners from INNOVATE (Integrated solutions for ambitious energy refurbishment of private housing) project under Horizon 2020. Further, the challenges for scaling up such existing effort for the sustainable growth of the deep renovation market has been explored.
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| 6. |
- Nair, Gireesh, et al.
(författare)
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“Energy visualization” as a tool to influence the energy use in a municipality kitchen
- 2019
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Ingår i: eceee 2019 Summer Study on energy efficiency: Is efficient sufficient?, 3–8 June, Presqu’île de Giens, Hyères, France. - : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE). - 9789198387841 ; , s. 13-18
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, municipalities’ own and operate the kitchens that cook food for pre-schools, schools and the elderly care facilities. There are 68 kitchens in the municipality of Umeå and providing feedback to the kitchen staff on energy use could facilitate them to reduce the energy use in these facilities. Accordingly, an “energy visualization” project was initiated in one of the kitchen: Nordstjärnan, which is a newly built kitchen equipped with separate meters for appliances that continuously record the energy use.For the “energy visualization” project, a visualization design software called “Siemens Control Point” is used. The software is integrated with the existing steering and control system and connected to almost all sensors/meters in the building.The electricity use data from the kitchen was collected for 5 months prior to installation of the “energy visualization” project to establish a base line for the energy use. The average electricity use is referred in this paper as “Electricity budget”, which is calculated for each kitchen appliance that has an electricity meter.A trial was started in the kitchen from December 2018 onwards, wherein a display unit was designed to project the electricity use of the kitchen. The display unit, which is a large television screen, has different “slides”. For example, one of the slide is modelled to energy labelling. The energy labelling in the display has a rating from A+++ to D, which is calculated continuously based on the daily electricity use and the electricity budget. If the kitchen uses more electricity than budgeted then the rating will drop, and if the electricity use is less than the budget then the rating will increase. Furthermore, depending upon the energy performance of the kitchen the visualization screens also display “smileys” which are used as injunctive norms.
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