| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
-
2nd Crossmmla : Multimodal learning analytics across physical and digital spaces
- 2018
-
Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Students’ learning is ubiquitous. It happens wherever the learner is rather than being constrained to a specific physical or digital learning space (e.g. the classroom or the institutional LMS respectively). A critical question is: how to integrate and coordinate learning analytics to provide continued support to learning across physical and digital spaces? CrossMMLA is the successor to the Learning Analytics Across Spaces (CrossLAK) and MultiModal Learning Analytics (MMLA) series of workshops that were merged in 2017 after successful cross-pollination between the two communities. Although it may be said that CrossLAK and MMLA perspectives follow different philosophical and practical approaches, they both share a common aim. This aim is: deploying learning analytics innovations that can be used across diverse authentic learning environments whilst learners feature various modalities of interaction or behaviour.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Aadland, Torgeir, et al.
(författare)
-
Mitigating the lack of prior entrepreneurial experience and exposure through entrepreneurship education programs
- 2023
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research. - UK : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1355-2554 .- 1758-6534. ; 30:11, s. 19-44
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeTo increase the understanding of how entrepreneurship education impacts entrepreneurial careers, the purpose of the paper is to investigate the role that a venture creation program (VCP) might have in mitigating or surpassing a lack of other antecedents of entrepreneurial careers. In particular, the authors focus on entrepreneurial pedigree and prior entrepreneurial experience.Design/methodology/approachData from graduates of VCPs at three universities in Northern Europe were collected through an online survey. Questions addressed graduate background prior to education, yearly occupational employment subsequent to graduation and graduates' own perceptions of entrepreneurial activity in employment positions. The survey was sent to 1,326 graduates and received 692 responses (52.2% response rate).FindingsThe type of VCP, either independent (Ind-VCP) or corporate venture creation (Corp-VCP), influenced the mitigation of prior entrepreneurial experience. Prior entrepreneurial experience, together with Ind-VCP, made a career as self-employed more likely. However, this was not the case for Corp-VCP in subsequently choosing intrapreneurial careers. Entrepreneurial pedigree had no significant effect on career choice other than for hybrid careers.Research limitations/implicationsEntrepreneurial experience gained from VCPs seems to influence graduates toward future entrepreneurial careers. Evidence supports the conclusion that many VCP graduates who lack prior entrepreneurial experience or entrepreneurial pedigree can develop sufficient entrepreneurial competencies through the program.Originality/valueThis study offers novel evidence that entrepreneurship education can compensate for a lack of prior entrepreneurial experience and exposure for students preparing for entrepreneurial careers.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Aagergaard, Sine, et al.
(författare)
-
Scandinavian women’s football in world : migration, management and mixed identity
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Soccer & Society. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1466-0970 .- 1743-9590. ; 14:6, s. 769-780
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This special issue has grown out of an ongoing Nordic collaborative research project (Nordcorp) using Scandinavian women’s football as a strategically selected extreme case (of organizational development) to study a Nordic sport model in transition. The common point of interest for the project group, which overlaps with the editors and authors in this issue of Soccer and Society, is a fascination with the current development of Scandinavian women’s football that stands out as an intriguing subject for bothsports research and the social sciences.
|
|
| 8. |
- Aagesen, Peter Tolstrup, et al.
(författare)
-
Personality of Interaction : Expressing Brand Personalities Through Interaction Aesthetics
- 2015
-
Ingår i: 34th annual Chi Conference On Human Factors in Computing Systems, Chi 2016. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Digital Library. ; , s. 3126-3130
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Practicing designers must usually relate to branding in some manner. A designed artifact must support the brand in a constructive way and help establish positive brand experiences, which in turn have strategic value for the brand's institution. While there is obvious application of visual branding knowledge to the visual form of interactive artifacts, interviews with expert practitioners reveal a lack of systematic means to craft an interaction aesthetic to support a brand. Our empirical study relates attributes of interactive experience to that of 'brand personality', a common way of quantifying how a brand should be perceived. We show that particular attributes of interactivity, such as whether an interaction has a continuous rather than discrete flow, are related to particular brand traits. Our empirical results establish a clear commercial significance for deeper, systematic ways of analyzing and critiquing interactive experiences.
|
|
| 9. |
- Aamaas, Åsmund, et al.
(författare)
-
Globale utfordringar i en nordisk kontext : utvikling av studentsentrert pedagogikk i SPICA-nettverket
- 2016
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Globala utfodringar i en nordisk kontekst – utvikling av studentcentrert pedagogikk i SPICA-nettverket En bærebjølke i SPICA-nettverket er utviklingen og gjennomføringen av et fellesnordisk kurs (5ECTS) med studenter og forelesere fra Grønland, Island, Færøyene, Norge, Sverige, Danmark og Finland. Kurset brukar innovative metoder basert på flipped classroom, place-based learning og challenge-based learning. Kurset består av envirtuell del med bruk av flipped classroom og nettkonferenser, et intensivkurs på en uge og etterarbeid i form av en individuell reflekterande texst. I mars 2016 er intensivkurset i Island. Under NU-konferensen ønskar vi å presentere og diskutera det pedagogiske utviklingsarbeidet i SPICA nettverket. Hovedmålsettingen med intensivkurset er å styrke lærerstudenternes kompetense i det profesjonsrettede arbeidet med dialog, tolerence, handlingskompetense og aktivt medborgerskap i skolen for slik å legge til rette for et bærekraftig og fredelig samfunn i tråd med skolens samfunnsmandat. Nettverket fokuserer på følles nordiske løsninger på lokale, regionale og globale ineressekonflikter og utfodringer, og nyanser mellom ulike problemløsningsstrategier. Nettverkets pedagogikk skal bygge et stilas for studentenes læring og samtidig gi kompetense i bruk av pedagogiske metoder. I forkant av intensivkurset spiller lærerne i nettverket inn korte filmer tilpasset kurset som studentene ser asynkront før synkrone nettdisusjoner i grupper på 4-5 studenter gjennomføres. Dette er i tråd med metoden flippes classroom. Filmene er knyttet opp mot utfordringer og muligheter i en islandsk kontext sett i sammanheng med overordnete tematiske og teoretiske perspektiver for kurset. Dette er i tråd med metoden place-basedlearning. Arbeidet er samtidigt relevante både i en lokal, regional og global kontext. I nettdiskusjoner med bakgrunn i filmene og egen forkunnskap arbeider studentgrupper med deltakere fra ulike land og institusjoner, seg fram mot en utfordring de vill jobbe med under intensivkurset. Det vi væra en islandk student i hvar gruppe. Utfordringen gruppen velger skal være knyttet opp mot målsetninger for kurset og sees i sammenheng med undervisning i skolen. Dette er slik i tråd med challenge-based learning. Studenten blir også bevisstgjort egne meninger og holdninger i møte aktuelle utfodringer. Studentene lærer å anvende vitenskapelig teori, terminologi og forklaringstyper i en nordisk arbeidsgruppe. SPICA-nettverket finansieras av Nordiska ministerråd og involverar følgende institusjoner: Grønlands Universitet (Illinniarfissuaq), Háskóli Islands, Fróöskaparsetur, Føroya, Malmö högskola, Oulun yliopisto, University College Lillebælt og Høgskolen i Størtøst Norge.
|
|
| 10. |
- Aamodt Bentsen, Beint Magnus
(författare)
-
Attitudes Towards Immigrants among Youth in Sweden
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Attitudes towards out-groups have been of academic interest for a long time, and two often-used theoretical frameworks are intergroup contact theory, and group threat theory. This article combines insights from both to investigating attitudes among youth in Sweden using multiple regression analysis. I seek particularly to understand the role that contact has on reducing attitudes, and what role different contact situations, and forms may play. Specifically contact in schools and the local area is investigated after controlling for the effect of personal friendships. The analysis finds that high quality contact does have an effect on attitudes among Swedish youth even after controlling for background variables. Superficial contact has no additional effect in the investigated context. Group threat effects are also found to be important for the groups that are most directly in competition with immigrants in the labor market.
|
|
| 11. |
- Aamodt Bentsen, Beint Magnus
(författare)
-
Intergroup Contact and Negative Attitudes Towards Immigrants Among Youth in Sweden : Individual and Contextual Factors
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of International Migration and Integration. - : Springer. - 1488-3473 .- 1874-6365. ; 23, s. 243-266
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Negative attitudes towards out-groups have been of academic interest for many years — and even more so with the increased levels of migration to European countries in recent years. Building on insights from intergroup contact theory, this paper seeks to extend our knowledge of the association between contact and negative attitudes toward immigrants among youth in Sweden. Multiple regression analysis and fixed effects models are used to analyze a large, high-quality dataset on Swedish adolescents based on representative survey information, complemented with extensive registry data and official statistics. Our objective is to measure contact on different levels in order to better understand the importance of these different contact variables’ associations with negative attitudes. The results of the analysis indicate that high-quality contact in the form of friendship is associated with a reduction in negative attitudes among Swedish adolescents, even after controlling for background variables. Superficial forms of contact — measured on the school level — are, on the other hand, associated with an increase in negative attitudes.
|
|
| 12. |
- Aarstad, Åsne, et al.
(författare)
-
Researching Private Security in Africa : Two Theoretical Orientations, Two Tales of Security Governance
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Global Policy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1758-5880 .- 1758-5899. ; 9:4, s. 586-588
-
Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The two books highlight two different views on the way that private security is governed in the African states under review. The Governance of Private Security by Marco Boggero. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. xvii + 199 pp., £99.99 hardcover 978‐3‐319‐69592‐1, £79.50 e‐book 978‐3‐319‐69593‐8 Private Security in Africa: From the Global Assemblage to the Everyday edited by Paul Higate and Mats Utas. London: Zed Books, 2017. 192 pp., £24.99 paperback 9781786990259
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Aasp, John
(utställningsansvarig, creator_code:cre_t)
-
In the Mix
- 2015
-
Konstnärligt arbeteabstract
- "In the Mix" was an exhibition of artistic work by students from the universities Alfred, Concordia, Cornell, Rochester Institute of Technology, Syracuse, University of Buffalo and University of Rochester, New York state, U.S.A. Karin Grundström and Timothy Engström acted as jurors in the selection process of the artistic work and presented a statement for the exhibition. "In the Mix" was curated by John Aasp, the Gallery director at the College of Imaging arts and sciences at RIT.
|
|
| 15. |
- Abbasi, Maisam, et al.
(författare)
-
Developing environmentally sustainable logistics : exploring themes and challenges from a logistics service providers' perspective
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research Part D. - : Elsevier. - 1361-9209 .- 1879-2340. ; 46, s. 273-283
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to explore themes and challenges in developing environmentally sustainable logistical activities. The approach is explorative with a cross sectional design that takes advantage of ten case studies out of selected logistics service providers (LSPs) operating primarily in the Scandinavian countries The findings illustrate the major themes by analyzing current and future activities in developing environmentally sustainable logistical activities. In addition, four categories of challenges are identified: customer priorities, managerial complexity, network imbalance, and technological and legislative uncertainties. It is concluded that there is a great need for a holistic perspective where LSPs and product owners together analyze and design future logistical setups The suggested holistic and integrative model, building on a three-dimensional concurrent engineering framework, provides new opportunities for research. Further research is needed to improve the interrelationship between LSPs and their customers in the development of sustainable logistical solutions This paper puts forward recommendations for the sustainable development of logistics by combining the results from the case studies with a review of related literature. This will be beneficial for managers and policy makers when they approach sustainable logistical challenges. The emergence and synthesis of themes and challenges are critical for a sustainable society. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
|
|
| 16. |
- Abbondanza, Giuseppe, et al.
(författare)
-
Templated electrodeposition as a scalable and surfactant-free approach to the synthesis of Au nanoparticles with tunable aspect ratios
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nanoscale Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2516-0230. ; 4:11, s. 2452-2467
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A high-throughput method for the fabrication of ordered arrays of Au nanoparticles is presented. It is based on pulsed electrodeposition into porous anodic alumina templates. In contrast to many synthesis routes, it is cyanide-free, prior separation of the alumina template from the aluminium substrate is not required, and the use of contaminating surfactants/capping agents often found in colloidal synthesis is avoided. The aspect ratio of the nanoparticles can also be tuned by selecting an appropriate electrodeposition time. We show how to fabricate arrays of nanoparticles, both with branched bases and with hemispherical bases. Furthermore, we compare the different morphologies produced with electron microscopies and grazing-incidence synchrotron X-ray diffraction. We find the nanoparticles are polycrystalline in nature and are compressively strained perpendicular to the direction of growth, and expansively strained along the direction of growth. We discuss how this can produce dislocations and twinning defects that could be beneficial for catalysis.
|
|
| 17. |
- Abdel-Fatah, Dana, et al.
(författare)
-
Qualitative Field Study of Host Community/Refugee from Syria Relations in Croatia, Germany, Jordan and Sweden : FOCUS Research Project Deliverable 4.2
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The FOCUS project is undertaking a range of research and piloting tasks which aim to improve understanding of dynamic integration and to assist the implementation of effective practices. As part of this work a detailed programme of qualitative research has been undertaken in four countries. This report presents the country-specific findings of this research, which will be further consolidated in a cross-site analysis to be completed in the coming months. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with members of the receiving communities and with members of the arriving communities in a total of 10 site in four countries which have different experiences of migration from Syria in recent years (Sweden, Germany, Jordan, Croatia).
|
|
| 18. |
- Abdel-Halim, Maha, et al.
(författare)
-
The Impact of Dental Implant Length on Failure Rates : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Materials. - : MDPI. - 1996-1944. ; 14:14
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present review aimed to evaluate the impact of implant length on failure rates between short (<10 mm) and long (>= 10 mm) dental implants. An electronic search was undertaken in three databases, as well as a manual search of journals. Implant failure was the outcome evaluated. Meta-analysis was performed in addition to a meta-regression in order to verify how the risk ratio (RR) was associated with the follow-up time. The review included 353 publications. Altogether, there were 25,490 short and 159,435 long implants. Pairwise meta-analysis showed that short implants had a higher failure risk than long implants (RR 2.437, p < 0.001). There was a decrease in the probability of implant failure with longer implants when implants of different length groups were compared. A sensitivity analysis, which plotted together only studies with follow-up times of 7 years or less, resulted in an estimated increase of 0.6 in RR for every additional month of follow-up. In conclusion, short implants showed a 2.5 times higher risk of failure than long implants. Implant failure is multifactorial, and the implant length is only one of the many factors contributing to the loss of an implant. A good treatment plan and the patient's general health should be taken into account when planning for an implant treatment.
|
|
| 19. |
- Abdelhady, Dalia, et al.
(författare)
-
Gaza and the Right to Have Rights
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Migration Research. - : Helsinki University Press. - 1799-649X. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 20. |
- Abdelhady, Dalia, et al.
(författare)
-
NJMR : Over 10 Years of Commitment to Publishing Excellent Research
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Migration Research. - : Helsinki University Press. - 1799-649X. ; 12:4, s. 376-378
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When Nordic Migration Research (NMR) was launched in 2008, there was total agreement among the founding members that one of the primary objectives of the organization was to establish a high-quality, interdisciplinary Nordic journal for research on international migration and migration-related issues in an international and transnational setting. Accordingly, the NMR statutes define the aim of the Nordic Journal for Migration Research (NJMR) as "devoted to publishing high-quality, peer -reviewed research in different aspects of international migration and ethnic relations, such as integration, ethnicity/race, culture, religion, marginalization, citizenship, nationalism, discrimination and racism". The statutes further specify that the NJMR aims to develop into "a forum for both applied and theoretical research, seeking to attract high-quality, original contributions from both Nordic and non-Nordic countries", and that an important part of its mission and raison d'etre would be to focus particularly, although not exclusively, on the areas mentioned above with respect to their relevance to and impact on "the Nordic countries in a global perspective" (Hedetoft & Sicakkan 2011: 1).
|
|
| 21. |
- Abdul Rahim, Maha, et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of Crown-Implant Ratio and Implant Inclination on Marginal Bone Loss around Dental Implants Supporting Single Crowns in the Posterior Region : A Retrospective Clinical Study.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 12:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this present record-based retrospective study was to investigate the influence of the crown-implant ratio (CIR) and implant inclination in relation to the occlusal plane on the marginal bone loss (MBL) around dental implants supporting single crowns in the posterior region of the jaws. All the cases of implant-supported single crowns in the premolar and molar regions were initially considered for inclusion. Only implants not lost, with baseline radiographs taken within 12 months after implant placement and with a minimum of 36 months of radiological follow-up, were considered for the analysis of MBL. Univariate linear regression models were used to compare MBL over time between 12 clinical covariates, after which a linear mixed-effects model was built. After the exclusion of 49 cases, a total of 316 implant-supported single crowns in 234 patients were included. The results from the statistical models suggested that implant inclination and anatomical- and clinical CIR (the main related factors investigated in the study) were not statistically significantly related to MBL over time. Age (older people), tooth region (premolar), and bruxism (bruxers) had a statistically significant influence on MBL over time.
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Abdulcadir, Jasmine, et al.
(författare)
-
Seven Things to Know about Female Genital Surgeries in Africa
- 2012
-
Ingår i: The Hastings center report. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0093-0334 .- 1552-146X. ; 42:6, s. 19-27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Starting in the early 1980s, media coverage of customary African genital surgeries for females has been problematic and overly reliant on sources from within a global activist and advocacy movement opposed to the practice, variously described as female genital mutilation, female genital cutting, or female circumcision. Here, we use the more neutral expression female genital surgery. In their passion to end the practice, anti-mutilation advocacy organizations often make claims about female genital surgeries in Africa that are inaccurate or overgeneralized or that don't apply to most cases. The aim of this article—which we offer as a public policy advisory statement from a group of concerned research scholars, physicians, and policy experts—is not to take a collective stance on the practice of genital surgeries for either females or males. Our main aim is to express our concern about the media coverage of female genital surgeries in Africa, to call for greater accuracy in cultural representations of little-known others, and to strive for evenhandedness and high standards of reason and evidence in any future public policy debates. In effect, the statement is an invitation to actually have that debate, with all sides of the story fairly represented.
|
|
| 24. |
- Abdulraheem, Salem, et al.
(författare)
-
Do fixed orthodontic appliances cause halitosis? A systematic review
- 2019
-
Ingår i: BMC Oral Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1472-6831. ; 19:1
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine: (I) the current evidence of the impact of fixed orthodontic appliances on the development of halitosis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, and (II) the influence of different orthodontic bracket systems on halitosis. Material and methods: Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) were searched prior to March 15, 2018. The review was systematically conducted and reported according to the Cochrane Handbook and the PRISMA statement. Only Randomised Clinical Trials (RCTs) were considered. Selected full-text papers were independently assessed by four investigators and any disagreements were resolved by consensus. The Cochrane Handbook was used to grade the risk of bias and the quality of evidence was rated according to GRADE. Results: Out of 363 identified studies, three RCTs on halitosis and fixed orthodontic appliances met the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias in the three studies was rated as high and the quality of evidence was rated as very low. Conclusions/clinical implications: There is a lack of scientific evidence that subjects with fixed orthodontic appliances develop halitosis during treatment. Additional well-conducted RCTs with extended periods of assessment are needed as well as consensus concerning cut-off values for the diagnosis of halitosis.
|
|
| 25. |
- Abdulraheem, Salem, et al.
(författare)
-
Hawthorne effect reporting in orthodontic randomized controlled trials : truth or myth? Blessing or curse?
- 2018
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 40:5, s. 475-479
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To investigate in 10 orthodontic journals how many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) considered the Hawthorne effect, and if considered, to determine whether it was related to the patients or the therapists involved in the trial and, finally, to discuss the Hawthorne effect in an educational way. Materials and methods A search was performed on the Medline database, via PubMed, for publication type ‘randomized controlled trial’ published for each journal between 1 August 2007 and 31 July 2017. The American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Angle Orthodontist, Australian Orthodontic Journal, Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics, European Journal of Orthodontics, Journal of Orthodontics, Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics, Korean Journal of Orthodontics, Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research and Progress in Orthodontics were assessed. Two independent reviewers extracted the data and identified whether the Hawthorne effect was considered or discussed in the articles and whether the Hawthorne effect was related to the behaviour of the patients, the therapists, or both. Results The initial search generated 502 possible trials. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 290 RCTs were included and assessed. The Hawthorne effect was considered or discussed in 10 of 290 RCTs (3.4%), and all were related to the patients’ and none to the therapists’ behaviour. Conclusions The Hawthorne effect reported in orthodontic RCTs was suboptimal. The researchers’ lack of knowledge about this phenomenon is evident, despite evidence that the Hawthorne effect may cause over-optimistic results or false-positive bias.
|
|
| 26. |
- Abdulraheem, Salem, et al.
(författare)
-
Teeth movement 12 years after orthodontic treatment with and without retainer : relapse or usual changes?
- 2020
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 42:1, s. 52-59
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To identify if lower incisor movements after orthodontic treatment are due to the relapse of the orthodontic treatment or due to natural growth. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The subjects consisted of 92 patients who have had orthodontic treatment, divided into three groups, group 1: 38 individuals had no retainer in the lower jaw. Group 2: 24 individuals had a retainer 0.028 inch, a spring hard wire bonded to the mandibular canines only. Group 3: 30 individuals had a 0.0195-inch Twist-Flex wire, bonded to all mandibular incisors and canines. Study models before orthodontic treatment (T0), immediately after orthodontic treatment (T1), 6 years after orthodontic treatment (T2), and 12 years after orthodontic treatment (T3) were used for the measurements. The wires in groups 2 and 3 were removed after mean 2.6 years (SD 1.49). Little Irregularity Index (LII), inter-canine distance, available mandibular anterior space, and number of crowded incisors were registered. A Tooth Displacement Index (TDI) was developed to measure the tooth displacement directions at T0 and T3. RESULTS: The LII showed equal values before treatment (T0) and at the follow-up registrations (T2 and T3). But about 25 per cent of the tooth displacements at T2 and T3 did not exist before treatment, at T0. This indicates usual growth changes and not relapse of the orthodontic treatment. CONCLUSION: As about 25 per cent of the displaced incisors can be considered as an effect of natural growth, not a relapse of the orthodontic treatment, it is valuable to use a displacement index in combination with other variables for investigations of stability after orthodontic treatment. Importance of the present study is that it is possible to differ between relapse and usual growth changes.
|
|
| 27. |
- Abdulraheem, Salem, et al.
(författare)
-
The reporting of blinding in orthodontic randomized controlled trials : where do we stand?
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford Academic. - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 41:1, s. 54-58
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To analyse in 10 orthodontic journals how many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) performed 'single-', 'double-', 'triple-', or 'outcome assessors blinding' and to evaluate, from the number of RCTs that did not conduct blinding, how many could actually have achieved it. Material and methods: Randomized controlled trials published in 10 orthodontic journals between 1 September 2012 and 28 February 2018 were included. A search was performed in PubMed and conducted for publication type 'randomized controlled trial' for each journal. Two reviewers independently analysed each RCT and registered that blinding was performed and included which specific type. It was also evaluated whether misclassifications of blinding items occurred and whether it was possible to achieve blinding among the RCTs that did not perform blinding. Results: After applying the inclusion criteria, 203 RCTs were assessed, and 61.6 per cent of them had used blinding, with the main type being 'outcome assessors blinding' (40.4%) followed by 'single-blinding' (15.3%), 'double-blinding' (2.5%), and 'triple-blinding' (3.4%). In 38.4 per cent of the trials, no blinding was performed; however, 79.4 per cent of them could have achieved blinding. Fifteen RCTs (7.3%) misclassified the blinding in relation to single-, double-, or triple-blinding. Journals followed the CONSORT (AJODO, EJO, JO, OCR) published together significantly more RCTs that performed blinding than journals not following the CONSORT. Conclusions: Blinding of outcome assessors was the most frequent type, as orthodontic trials are often of intervention design and thereby difficult to mask for patients and trial staff. The misclassifications of blinding items may indicate suboptimal knowledge among researchers and peer-reviewers regarding the definitions for diverse blinding types.
|
|
| 28. |
- Abe, Minori, et al.
(författare)
-
Accurate determination of the enhancement factor X for the nuclear Schiff moment in (TlF)-Tl-205 molecule based on the four-component relativistic coupled-cluster theory
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Molecular Physics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0026-8976 .- 1362-3028. ; 118:23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies of parity (P) and time-reversal (T) symmetry violations using molecules are important and attractive because they are complementary to the high-energy tests of physics beyond the Standard Model of elementary particles. The focus of our present work is to surpass the current accuracies of the quantity X, an enhancement factor for the nuclear Schiff moment (Q), and the nucleon electric dipole moments for the (TlF)-Tl-205 molecule. We obtain X = 6856 a.u. using a relativistic coupled-cluster singles and doubles and perturbative triples (CCSD(T)) approach. This new value of X improves the upper limits for Q and the proton EDM by about ten percent over the previous ones. [GRAPHICS] .
|
|
| 29. |
- Abid, Muhammad Adil, et al.
(författare)
-
A Genetic Algorithm for Optimizing Mobile Stroke Unit Deployment
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Procedia Computer Science. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0509. ; 225, s. 3536-3545
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A mobile stroke unit (MSU) is an advanced ambulance equipped with specialized technology and trained healthcare personnel to provide on-site diagnosis and treatment for stroke patients. Providing efficient access to healthcare (in a viable way) requires optimizing the placement of MSUs. In this study, we propose a time-efficient method based on a genetic algorithm (GA) to find the most suitable ambulance sites for the placement of MSUs (given the number of MSUs and a set of potential sites). We designed an efficient encoding scheme for the input data (the number of MSUs and potential sites) and developed custom selection, crossover, and mutation operators that are tailored according to the characteristics of the MSU allocation problem. We present a case study on the Southern Healthcare Region in Sweden to demonstrate the generality and robustness of our proposed GA method. Particularly, we demonstrate our method's flexibility and adaptability through a series of experiments across multiple settings. For the considered scenario, our proposed method outperforms the exhaustive search method by finding the best locations within 0.16, 1.44, and 10.09 minutes in the deployment of three MSUs, four MSUs, and five MSUs, resulting in 8.75x, 16.36x, and 24.77x faster performance, respectively. Furthermore, we validate the method's robustness by iterating GA multiple times and reporting its average fitness score (performance convergence). In addition, we show the effectiveness of our method by evaluating key hyperparameters, that is, population size, mutation rate, and the number of generations.
|
|
| 30. |
- Abildgaard, Anne, et al.
(författare)
-
Enacting the entrepreneurial self : Public-private innovation as an actualization of a neoliberal market dispositive
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Management. - : Elsevier. - 0956-5221 .- 1873-3387. ; 37:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing on Foucault’s writings on power, neoliberalism, and the dispositive, this article analyses the identity politics that is immanent in a new collaborative practice between the public and private sector called public-private innovation (PPI). We argue that PPI is an element in actualizing a neoliberal market dispositive through inclining subjects to work on themselves in order to actualize their entrepreneurial self, thereby disconnecting them from their public service identity. The construction of two narratives supports the constitution of the political space of PPI: the fiery soul narrative and the need narrative. An important part of this identity politics is the construction of the narrative of the individual entrepreneur. Rather than expressing new public governance in the public sector, PPI actualizes a dispositive that marketizes public services as part of a neoliberal agenda. The narrative of PPI distracts from the marketization of public sector and leaves no other space for public-sector employees than to constitute themselves within contradictory feelings of enthusiasm and anxiety, determination and self-blame, responsibility and inadequacy, and bustle and confusion.
|
|
| 31. |
- Abma, Tineke, et al.
(författare)
-
Social impact of participatory health research : collaborative none- linear processes of knowledge mobilization
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Educational action research. - : Routledge. - 0965-0792 .- 1747-5074. ; 25:4, s. 489-505
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social impact, defined as an effect on society, culture, quality of life, community services, or public policy beyond academia, is widely considered as a relevant requirement for scientific research, especially in the field of health care. Traditionally, in health research, the process of knowledge transfer is rather linear and one-sided and has not recognized and integrated the expertise of practitioners and those who use services. This can lead to discrimination or disqualification of knowledge and epistemic injustice. Epidemic injustice is a situation wherein certain kinds of knowers and knowledge are not taken seriously into account to define a situation. The purpose of our article is to explore how health researchers can achieve social impact for a wide audience, involving them in a non-linear process of joint learning on urgent problems recognized by the various stakeholders in public health. In participatory health research impact is not preordained by one group of stakeholders, but the result of a process of reflection and dialog with multiple stakeholders on what counts as valuable outcomes. This knowledge mobilization and winding pathway embarked upon during such research have the potential for impact along the way as opposed to the expectation that impact will occur merely at the end of a research project. We will discuss and illustrate the merits of taking a negotiated, discursive and flexible pathway in the area of community-based health promotion.
|
|
| 32. |
- Abolfathi, Bela, et al.
(författare)
-
The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey : First Spectroscopic Data from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the Second Phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 235:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since 2014 July. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the 14th from SDSS overall (making this Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes the data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (2014-2016 July) public. Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey; the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data-driven machine-learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from the SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS web site (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020 and will be followed by SDSS-V.
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
- Abrahamssom, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Onlay bone grafting of the mandible after periosteal expansion with an osmotic tissue expander : an experimental study in rabbits
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 21:12, s. 1404-1410
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the space-maintaining capacity of a titanium mesh or a bioresorbable mesh after periosteal expansion and to assess bone formation under a titanium mesh or a bioresorbable mesh on the lateral border of the mandible by qualitative and quantitative histological analysis. Material and methods: In 13 rabbits, a self-inflatable soft tissue expander was placed intraorally, bilaterally under the mandibular periosteum via an extra oral approach. After 2 weeks, the expanders were removed and a particulated onlay bone graft was placed and covered by a titanium mesh or a bioresorbable mesh. After 3 months, the animals were sacrificed and specimens were collected for histology. Results: The osmotic soft tissue expander created a subperiosteal pocket and a ridge of new bone had formed at the edges of the expanded periosteum in all sites. After the healing period of 3 months, soft tissue dehiscence was recorded in two of the sites with bioresorbable meshes. The mean bone fill was 65% under the titanium mesh and 85% under the bioresorbable mesh (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the titanium mesh and the bioresorbable mesh regarding the height of the meshes, mesh area and mineralized bone area. Scanning electron microscopy shows that new bone is growing in direct contact with the resorbable mesh and the titanium mesh. Conclusion: This study confirms that an osmotic soft tissue expander creates a surplus of periosteum and soft tissue and that new bone can be generated under a titanium mesh or bioresorbable mesh.
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
- Abrahamsson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Alterations of temporomandibular disorders before and after orthognathic surgery
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Angle orthodontist. - : Angle Orthodontist. - 0003-3219 .- 1945-7103. ; 77:4, s. 729-734
-
Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To answer the question whether orthognathic surgery does affect the prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature survey in the PubMed and Cochrane Library electronic databases was performed and covered the period from January 1966 to April 2006. The inclusion criteria were controlled, prospective or retrospective studies comparing TMDs before and after orthognathic surgery in patients with malocclusion. There were no language restrictions, and three reviewers selected and extracted the data independently. The quality of the retrieved articles was evaluated by four reviewers. RESULTS: The search strategy resulted in 467 articles, of which 3 met the inclusion criteria. Because of few studies with unambiguous results and heterogeneity in study design, the scientific evidence was insufficient to evaluate the effects that orthognathic surgery had on TMD. Moreover, the studies had problems with inadequate selection description, confounding factors, and lack of method error analysis. CONCLUSION: To obtain reliable scientific evidence, additional well-controlled and well-designed studies are needed to determine how and if orthognathic surgery alters signs and symptoms of TMD.
|
|
| 37. |
- Abrahamsson, Cecilia
(författare)
-
Masticatory function and temporomandibular disorders in patients with dentofacial deformities : studies before and after orthodontic and orthognathic treatment
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ca 30 % av Sveriges befolkning genomgår någon gång i livet behandling med tandreglering. I de fall där bettavvikelsen är mer omfattande är enbart tandreglering inte tillräckligt för att uppnå ett bra bett. Istället kombinerar man tandregleringen med en kirurgisk förflyttning av käkarna s.k. ortognat kirurgi. Dessa patienter besväras ofta, före behandling, av smärta och funktionsstörningar i käkar och tuggmuskler och är dessutom ofta missnöjda med sitt utseende. Då denna behandling är omfattande, kostsam och inte helt utan komplikationer är det av stort intresse att undersöka utfallet av behandlingen och om denna motsvarar förväntningarna hos patienterna.Tidigare studier som har utvärderat utfallet av tandreglering i kombination med ortognat kirurgi har kommit fram till motsägelsefulla slutsatser vad gäller hur behandlingen har påverkat förekomsten av smärta och funktionsstörningar i käkar och tuggmuskulatur.Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling är att i en serie studier, före och efter ortognat kirurgi, utvärdera och jämföra före- komsten av smärta och käkfunktionsstörningar hos patienter med stora bettavvikelser.Avhandlingen är baserad på följande studier:delarbete I är en systematisk litteraturöversikt med följande frågeställning:Påverkar ortognat kirurgi förekomsten av smärta och funktionsstörningar i käkleder och tuggmuskulatur?I studien utvärderas den tillgängliga vetenskapliga litteraturen ur ett evidensbaserat perspektiv. Översikten omfattade tidsperioden januari 1966 till april 2006 och utökades senare till maj 2013.Slutsatser i delarbete I• Det finns ett otillräckligt vetenskapligt underlag för om förekomsten av diagnostiserad smärta och funktionsstörning i käkleder och tuggmuskler minskar efter ortognat kirurgi• Det vetenskapliga underlaget är begränsat när det gäller en minskning av palpationsömhet i tuggmuskler efter ortognata kirurgi.• Det finns ett otillräckligt vetenskapligt underlag för om förekomsten av käkledsljud påverkas av ortognat kirurgi.• Det behövs ytterligare en studier som är av hög eller medelhög kvalitet för att på ett evidensbaserat sätt kunna styrka behandlingsutfallet av ortognat kirurgi när det gäller smärta och funktionsstörningar i käkleder och tuggmuskler.delarbetena II och III är kontrollerade studier som undersöker förekomsten av smärta och funktionsstörningar i käkleder och tuggmuskler hos patienter med stora bettavvikelser, i jämförelse med personer med eller utan små bettavvikelser (ej i behov av tandreg- lering). Patienterna var remitterade för behandling med ortognat kirurgi. I delarbete III, som är en longitudinell uppföljningsstudie, analyseras hur förekomsten av smärta och funktionsstörningar i käkleder och tuggmuskler påverkas av behandlingen och även hur patienttillfredsställelsen är tillgodosedd.Slutsatser i delarbete II och III• Patienter som ska behandlas med ortognat kirurgi har mer smärta och funktionsstörningar i käkleder och tuggmuskler jämfört med kontrollgruppen.• Patienter som genomgått ortognat kirurgi har ett positivt behandlingsutfall avseende smärta från käkleder och tuggmuskler.• Efter behandling är förekomsten av smärta och funktionsstörningar i käkleder och tuggmuskler låg och i nivå med den i kontrollgruppen.Delarbete IV utvärderar den självupplevda tuggförmågan och den testade tuggprestationen före och efter ortognat kirurgi hos samma individer som i studie II och III.Slutsatser i delarbete IV• Patienter med stora bettavvikelser har innan ortognat kirurgi en sämre självupplevd tuggförmåga och testad tuggprestation jämfört med kontrollgruppen.• Efter behandling förbättras både den självupplevda tuggförmågan och tuggprestationen.Klinisk betydelse:Patienter som har stora bettavvikelser och dessutom smärta och funktionsstörningar i käkleder och tuggmuskler har oftast ett positivt behandlingsutfall efter ortognat kirurgi. Dessutom förbättras den självupplevda tuggförmågan och den testade tuggprestationen efter behandlingen. Patienter med stora bettavvikelser som ska behandlas med tandreglering i kombination med ortognat kirurgi kan därför rekommenderas behandlingen för möjlighet till minskade besvär från tuggmuskler och käkleder och förbättrad tuggförmåga.
|
|
| 38. |
- Abrahamsson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Masticatory function in patients with dentofacial deformities before and after orthognathic treatment : a prospective, longitudinal, and controlled study
- 2015
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 37:1, s. 67-72
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the self-estimated masticatory ability and masticatory performance in patients with dentofacial deformities before and after orthognathic treatment; in comparison to an age- and gender-matched control group. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The masticatory ability and masticatory performance were evaluated in 121 consecutive patients (treatment group), referred for orthognathic treatment. Eighteen months after treatment, 98 patients (81%) completed a follow-up examination. Masticatory ability was assessed on a visual analog scale, while the masticatory performance was evaluated by a masticatory test using round silicon tablets. Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) were registered by a clinical examination and a questionnaire. The control group comprised 56 age- and gender-matched subjects who were examined at baseline. RESULTS: At the baseline examination, the treatment group had a significantly lower masticatory ability and performance compared with the control group. After treatment, the masticatory ability significantly improved in the treatment group and reached the same level as in the control group. The masticatory performance index increased significantly but was still lower than in the control group. Both the masticatory ability and masticatory performance were affected by the number of occlusal contacts during maximal biting pressure and by the self-estimated overall symptoms of TMD. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with dentofacial deformities, corrected by orthognathic treatment, have a significant positive treatment outcome in respect of masticatory ability and masticatory performance. Furthermore, the occlusion and symptoms of TMD have an impact on both masticatory ability and masticatory performance.
|
|
| 39. |
- Abrahamsson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
TMD before and after correction of dentofacial deformities by orthodontic and orthognathic treatment
- 2013
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 0901-5027 .- 1399-0020. ; 46:6, s. 752-758
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract The aims of the study were to investigate the alteration of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) after correction of dentofacial deformities by orthodontic treatment in conjunction with orthognathic surgery; and to compare the frequency of TMD in patients with dentofacial deformities with an age and gender matched control group. TMD were evaluated in 121 consecutive patients (treatment group), referred for orthognathic surgery, by a questionnaire and a clinical examination. 18 months after treatment, 81% of the patients completed a follow-up examination. The control group comprised 56 age and gender matched subjects, of whom 68% presented for follow-up examination. TMD were diagnosed according to research diagnostic criteria for TMD. At baseline examination, the treatment group had a higher frequency of myofascial pain (P=.035) and arthralgia (P=.040) than the control group. At follow-up, the frequencies of myofascial pain, arthralgia and disc displacement had decreased in the treatment group (P=.050, P=.004, P=.041, respectively). The frequency of TMD was comparable in the two groups at follow-up. Patients with dentofacial deformities, corrected by orthodontic treatment in conjunction with orthognathic surgery, seem to have a positive treatment outcome in respect of TMD pain
|
|
| 40. |
- Abrahamsson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
TMD in consecutive patients referred for orthognathic surgery
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Angle orthodontist. - : The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation). - 0003-3219 .- 1945-7103. ; 33:4, s. 201-226
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To answer the question whether temporomandibular disorders (TMD) were more common in a group of individuals referred for orthognathic surgery than in a control group. The null hypothesis was that neither the frequency of signs and symptoms of TMD or diagnosed TMD would differ between the patient group and a control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 121 consecutive patients referred for orthognathic surgery at the Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Malmö University Hospital, Sweden, was interviewed and examined regarding signs and symptoms of TMD and headaches. A control group was formed by 56 age- and gender-matched individuals attending the Department of Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Sweden, and Public Dental Health Clinic in Oxie, County of Skane, Sweden. TMD diagnoses were used according to Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). RESULTS: The patient group showed more myofascial pain without limited opening, disc displacement with reduction, and arthralgia according to RDC/TMD than the control group. The patient group also had more symptoms and signs of TMD in general. CONCLUSIONS: The null hypothesis was rejected because patients who were to be treated with orthognathic surgery had more signs and symptoms of TMD and higher frequency of diagnosed TMD compared with the matched control group.
|
|
| 41. |
- Abrahamsson, Helene, et al.
(författare)
-
Treatment of temporomandibular joint luxation : a systematic literature review
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 24:1, s. 61-70
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of surgical and nonsurgical treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) luxation.Materials and methods: This systematic literature review searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to identify randomized controlled trials on TMJ luxation treatment published between the inception of each database and 26 March 2018.Results: Two authors assessed 113 unique abstracts according to the inclusion criteria and read nine articles in full text. Eight articles comprising 338 patients met the inclusion criteria, but none of these evaluated surgical techniques. Three studies including 185 patients concerned acute treatment with manual reduction of luxation while five studies including 153 patients evaluated minimally invasive methods with injection of autologous blood or dextrose prolotherapy for recurrent TMJ luxation. These studies reported that mouth opening after treatment was reduced and that independent of type of injection, recurrences of TMJ luxation were rare in most patients.Conclusions: In the absence of randomized studies on surgical techniques, autologous blood injection in the superior joint space and pericapsular tissues with intermaxillary fixation seems to be the treatment for recurrent TMJ luxation that at present has the best scientific support. Well-designed studies on surgical techniques with sufficient numbers of patients, long-term follow-ups, and patient experience assessment are needed for selection of the optimal surgical treatment methods.Clinical relevance: Autologous blood injection combined with intermaxillary fixation can be recommended for patients with recurrence of TMJ luxation.
|
|
| 42. |
- Abrahamsson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
Avslutning
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Lean i arbetslivet. - : Liber. - 9789147105601 ; , s. 317-324
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 43. |
- Abrahamsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Guided bone generation in a rabbit mandible model after periosteal expansion with an osmotic tissue expander.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 22:11, s. 1282-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the space-maintaining capacity of titanium mesh covered by a collagen membrane after soft tissue expansion on the lateral border of the mandible in rabbits, and to assess bone quantity and quality using autogenous particulate bone or bone-substitute (Bio-Oss(®) ), and if soft tissue ingrowth can be avoided by covering the mesh with a collagen membrane.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 11 rabbits, a self-inflatable soft tissue expander was placed under the lateral mandibular periosteum via an extra-oral approach. After 2 weeks, the expanders were removed and a particulated onlay bone graft and deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) (Bio-Oss(®) ) were placed in the expanded area and covered by a titanium mesh. The bone and DBBM were separated in two compartments under the mesh with a collagen membrane in between. The mesh was then covered with a collagen membrane. After 3 months, the animals were sacrificed and specimens were collected for histology.RESULTS: The osmotic soft tissue expander created a subperiosteal pocket and a ridge of new bone formed at the edges of the expanded periosteum in all sites. After the healing period of 3 months, no soft tissue dehiscence was recorded. The mean bone fill was 58.1±18% in the bone grafted area and 56.9±13.7% in the DBBM area. There was no significant difference between the autologous bone graft and the DDBM under the titanium mesh with regard to the total bone area or the mineralized bone area. Scanning electron microscopy showed that new bone was growing in direct contact with the DBBM particles and the titanium mesh. There is a soft tissue ingrowth even after soft tissue expansion and protection of the titanium mesh with a collagen membrane.CONCLUSION: This study confirms that an osmotic soft tissue expander creates a surplus of periosteum and soft tissue, and that new bone can subsequently be generated under a titanium mesh with the use of an autologous bone graft or DBBM.
|
|
| 44. |
- Abrahamsson, Peter
(författare)
-
Intra-oral soft tissue expansion and volume stability of onlay bone grafts
- 2011
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Implantat är idag en väl etablerad behandlingsform. I många fallfinns dock inte tillräckligt med käkben för att på ett optimalt sättkunna rekonstruera patientens bett såväl ur funktionell som estetisksynpunkt. I dessa fall används olika tekniker för att tillförakäkben. Problemet med dessa tekniker är att benvolymen minskarunder inläkningen speciellt om ben transplanteras till laterala ochvertikala positioner. Vidare kan det vara svårt att få tillräckligtmed mjukvävnad för att uppnå estetiskt tillfredställande resultat,speciellt i överkäksfronten. Avhandlingens övergripande mål är attintroducera och utvärdera en ny teknik för mjukvävnadsexpansionför att optimera förutsättningarna för en efterföljande bentransplantationav tillräcklig volym för kommande installation avimplantat.I de experimentella studierna har kanin använts som försöksdjur.I delarbete (I) placerades en osmotisk mjukvävnadsexpander bilateraltunder benhinnan (periostet) på åtta djur via en extraoral entré.Efter två veckor hade periostet expanderat och en subperiostalficka bildats. Djuren avlivades och vävnad togs för histologisk undersökning.Denna visade inga inflammatoriska reaktioner eller resorptionerav benet. Periostet hade expanderats och nytt ben hadebildats i periferin av expandern genom att periostet lyfts långsamtoch stimulerat till bennybildning. På samma sätt som beskrivits ovan placerades expandern i delarbetena(II) och (III) på 13 respektive 11 kaniner.Efter 14 dagars expansion sövdes kaninerna på nytt, expandernavlägsnades och partikulerat käkben placerades på utsidan av mandibelnbilateralt (delarbete II). På ena sidan täcktes det med ett titannätoch på andra sidan med ett resorberbart nät. Efter tre månadersinläkning hade benbildning skett under båda näten. Volymen underdet resorberbara nätet var större (p<0.05) men inga skillnad noteradesi mängden mineraliserat ben. Två resorberbara nät perforeradeden orala slemhinnan. Detta berodde troligen på att det resorberbaranätet var svårare att konturera och anpass mot underkäken.I delarbete (III) placerades partikulerat ben och Bio Oss, separeratav ett kollagenmembran, unilateralt på mandibeln under etttitannät som i sin tur var täckt av ett kollagenmembran. Volymennybildat ben i anslutning till autologt ben respektive Bio Oss registreradesefter 3 månaders inläkning. Inga skillnader i benvolymförelåg. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) visade i båda studiernaatt ben växte i direkt kontakt med såväl autologt ben sombensubstitut.Till den kliniska studien (delarbete IV) rekryterades 20 patienterkonsekutivt. De fördelades slumpmässigt i två grupper. I experimentgruppenopererades 10 patienter med en osmotisk mjukvävnadsexpander.Efter två veckor avlägsnades denna och benuppbyggnadgjordes med partikulerat ben täckt av ett titannät ochett kollagenmembran. Efter sex månaders läkning installerades implantat.I referensgruppen gjordes benuppbyggnad med benblockföljt av en implantatoperation efter sex månader.Ett optiskt mätinstrument användes för att registrera förändringari mjukvävnaden efter såväl subperiostal expansion sombenuppbyggnad. Dessa förändringar lagrades i en PC där värdenakunde analyseras och jämföras.Resultaten från den kliniska studien stämde väl överens med deexperimentella. Expandern expanderade periost och täckandemjukvävnad. Det föreligger dock en risk att expandern perforerarmjukvävnaden. Den optiska mätningen visade en volymsförbättringefter mjukvävnadsexpansionen. Den expanderade vävnadenkunde användas till att täcka ett bentransplantat som skyddades av ett titannät samt ett kollagen membran. Trots tidigare vävnads expansionexponerades titannätet genom slemhinnan i två fall. Fixturinstallationkunde utföras som planerat både i den experimentellagruppen samt referens gruppen. Det optiska mätinstrumentet(PRIMOS® optical 3D) var ett lättanvänt och repeterbart mätinstrumentsom levererade vävnadsförändringar med stor exakthet.
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
- Abrahamsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Periosteal expansion of rabbit mandible with an osmotic self-inflatable expander
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0284-4311 .- 1651-2073. ; 43:3, s. 121-125
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to evaluate a new technique for intraoral expansion of soft tissue with a self-inflatable expander in rabbits. We placed a self-inflatable soft tissue expander bilaterally in eight rabbits under the periosteum of the mandible through an extraoral approach. The expander was left to self-inflate for two weeks, after which the animals were killed and specimens collected for histological examination. The self-inflatable soft tissue expanders expanded the periosteum. There were no dehiscences or infections. Histological observations showed no signs of any inflammatory reaction and there was no evidence of bony resorption. New bone had formed at the edges of the expanded periosteum. In the control area no new bone had formed. The osmotic soft tissue expander model for intraoral soft tissue and periosteal expansion suggests a promising way of creating a surplus of soft tissue that can be used to cover bone grafts.
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
- Abrahamsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Vertical bone augmentation with titanium granule blocks in rabbit calvaria
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Dental Research. - : Wiley Open Access. - 2057-4347. ; 3:3, s. 100-106
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To determine whether it is possible to vertically augment bone utilizing a block graft from compressed titanium granules mainly used previously for contained bone defects and to determine whether there exists a difference in osteoconductive properties between the white and the grey granules. In 11 rabbits, 4 titanium blocks were inserted on each rabbit's skull bone according to a randomized scheme. These blocks were made from standardized compressed titanium granules. Type A: PTG grey, small granules (Pourus Titanium Granules, Tigran, Malmo, Sweden); Type B: PTG grey, large granules; Type C: PTG white, small granules; Type D: PTG white large granules. After 12 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and specimens were collected for histology and mu CT scanning. From both the mu CT and histology, it can be said that bone formation was successfully achieved for all groups, and the granules maintained their volume. The histomorphometric BA (bone area) evaluation in the entire grafted area presented that there were no statistical differences between all groups tested. The lowest 1/4 BA in contact with the rabbit skull presented that groups A and C presented the highest mean BA, and group A presented significantly higher BA than that of group D (p = 0,049). No significant differences were noted between groups A, B and C. Within the limitation of this study, no differences were noted between small white or grey PTG blocks. The large granules presented less bone ingrowth area compared to the small granules and this trend was regardless of the different PTG types. The entire grafted area was not filled with new bone suggesting that bone migration occurred mostly from the existing cortical bone side suggesting contact osteogenesis.
|
|
| 50. |
- Abrahamsson, Thomas R, et al.
(författare)
-
Probiotic lactobacilli in breast milk and infant stool in relation to oral intake during the first year of life
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1536-4801 .- 0277-2116. ; 49:3, s. 349-354
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: This is to identify factors affecting the prevalence of Lactobacillus reuteri in maternal faeces and breast milk and infant faeces after oral supplementation with L reuteri and to assess the influence on microbial ecology, particularly Clostridium difficile and Bifidobacterium colonization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this double-blind trial, 232 mothers with a family history of atopic disease were randomized to a daily intake of either L reuteri American-type culture collection (ATCC) 55730 (1 x 10 colony-forming units [CFU]) or placebo for the last 4 weeks of pregnancy. Their babies then continued with the same study product daily from birth until 12 months of age. Bacterial counts and prevalence were assessed in maternal breast milk and faeces and infant faeces, using conventional cultivation methods. RESULTS: The prevalence of L reuteri was higher during the first year of life in the stool samples from infants in the active as compared with the placebo-treated group. The highest prevalence was recorded at 5 to 6 days of age (82% in the treated vs 20% in the placebo group, P < 0.001). Lactobacillus reuteri was isolated from 12% and 2%, respectively, in the colostrum samples (P < 0.05). Breast-feeding seemed to reduce faecal L reuteri counts, although antibiotics did not influence the levels of L reuteri. The administration of L reuteri did not affect bifidobacteria or C difficile colonization. CONCLUSION: Lactobacillus reuteri may be detected in breast milk after oral supplementation to the mother and in almost all infants after oral supplementation during the first year of life, as well as occasionally in many untreated infants.
|
|
