| 1. |
- Ludvigsson, Johnny, et al.
(författare)
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GAD65 antigen therapy in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus
- 2012
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 366:5, s. 433-442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The 65-kD isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that alum-formulated GAD65 (GAD-alum) can preserve beta-cell function in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes.METHODS: We studied 334 patients, 10 to 20 years of age, with type 1 diabetes, fasting C-peptide levels of more than 0.3 ng per milliliter (0.1 nmol per liter), and detectable serum GAD65 autoantibodies. Within 3 months after diagnosis, patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three study treatments: four doses of GAD-alum, two doses of GAD-alum followed by two doses of placebo, or four doses of placebo. The primary outcome was the change in the stimulated serum C-peptide level (after a mixed-meal tolerance test) between the baseline visit and the 15-month visit. Secondary outcomes included the glycated hemoglobin level, mean daily insulin dose, rate of hypoglycemia, and fasting and maximum stimulated C-peptide levels.RESULTS: The stimulated C-peptide level declined to a similar degree in all study groups, and the primary outcome at 15 months did not differ significantly between the combined active-drug groups and the placebo group (P=0.10). The use of GAD-alum as compared with placebo did not affect the insulin dose, glycated hemoglobin level, or hypoglycemia rate. Adverse events were infrequent and mild in the three groups, with no significant differences.CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with GAD-alum did not significantly reduce the loss of stimulated C peptide or improve clinical outcomes over a 15-month period.
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| 2. |
- Gyllenberg, A, et al.
(författare)
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Age-dependent variation of genotypes in MHC II transactivator gene (CIITA) in controls and association to type 1 diabetes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Genes and Immunity. - Stockholm : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5470 .- 1466-4879. ; 76:2, s. 202-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The major histocompatibility complex class II transactivator (CIITA) gene (16p13) has been reported to associate with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and myocardial infarction, recently also to celiac disease at genome-wide level. However, attempts to replicate association have been inconclusive. Previously, we have observed linkage to the CIITA region in Scandinavian type 1 diabetes (T1D) families. Here we analyze five Swedish T1D cohorts and a combined control material from previous studies of CIITA. We investigate how the genotype distribution within the CIITA gene varies depending on age, and the association to T1D. Unexpectedly, we find a significant difference in the genotype distribution for markers in CIITA (rs11074932, P=4 × 10(-5) and rs3087456, P=0.05) with respect to age, in the collected control material. This observation is replicated in an independent cohort material of about 2000 individuals (P=0.006, P=0.007). We also detect association to T1D for both markers, rs11074932 (P=0.004) and rs3087456 (P=0.001), after adjusting for age at sampling. The association remains independent of the adjacent T1D risk gene CLEC16A. Our results indicate an age-dependent variation in CIITA allele frequencies, a finding of relevance for the contrasting outcomes of previously published association studies.
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| 3. |
- Mak, Jonathan K. L., et al.
(författare)
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Development of an Electronic Frailty Index for Hospitalized Older Adults in Sweden
- 2022
-
Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - : Oxford University Press. - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 77:11, s. 2311-2319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Frailty assessment in the Swedish health system relies on the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), but it requires training, in-person evaluation, and is often missing in medical records. We aimed to develop an electronic frailty index (eFI) from routinely collected electronic health records (EHRs) and assess its association with adverse outcomes in hospitalized older adults. Methods EHRs were extracted for 18 225 patients with unplanned admissions between 1 March 2020 and 17 June 2021 from 9 geriatric clinics in Stockholm, Sweden. A 48-item eFI was constructed using diagnostic codes, functioning and other health indicators, and laboratory data. The CFS, Hospital Frailty Risk Score, and Charlson Comorbidity Index were used for comparative assessment of the eFI. We modeled in-hospital mortality and 30-day readmission using logistic regression; 30-day and 6-month mortality using Cox regression; and length of stay using linear regression. Results Thirteen thousand one hundred and eighty-eight patients were included in analyses (mean age 83.1 years). A 0.03 increment in the eFI was associated with higher risks of in-hospital (odds ratio: 1.65; 95% confidence interval: 1.54-1.78), 30-day (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.43; 1.38-1.48), and 6-month mortality (HR: 1.34; 1.31-1.37) adjusted for age and sex. Of the frailty and comorbidity measures, the eFI had the highest area under receiver operating characteristic curve for in-hospital mortality of 0.813. Higher eFI was associated with longer length of stay, but had a rather poor discrimination for 30-day readmission. Conclusions An EHR-based eFI has robust associations with adverse outcomes, suggesting that it can be used in risk stratification in hospitalized older adults.
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| 4. |
- Mak, Jonathan K. L., et al.
(författare)
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Two Years with COVID-19 : The Electronic Frailty Index Identifies High-Risk Patients in the Stockholm GeroCovid Study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Gerontology. - : S. Karger. - 0304-324X .- 1423-0003. ; 69:4, s. 396-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Frailty, a measure of biological aging, has been linked to worse COVID-19 outcomes. However, as the mortality differs across the COVID-19 waves, it is less clear whether a medical record-based electronic frailty index (eFI) that we have previously developed for older adults could be used for risk stratification in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Objectives: The aim of the study was to examine the association of frailty with mortality, readmission, and length of stay in older COVID-19 patients and to compare the predictive accuracy of the eFI to other frailty and comorbidity measures. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records (EHRs) from nine geriatric clinics in Stockholm, Sweden, comprising 3,980 COVID-19 patients (mean age 81.6 years) admitted between March 2020 and March 2022. Frailty was assessed using a 48-item eFI developed for Swedish geriatric patients, the Clinical Frailty Scale, and the Hospital Frailty Risk Score. Comorbidity was measured using the Charlson Comorbidity Index. We analyzed in-hospital mortality and 30-day readmission using logistic regression, 30-day and 6-month mortality using Cox regression, and the length of stay using linear regression. Predictive accuracy of the logistic regression and Cox models was evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Harrell's C-statistic, respectively. Results: Across the study period, the in-hospital mortality rate decreased from 13.9% in the first wave to 3.6% in the latest (Omicron) wave. Controlling for age and sex, a 10% increment in the eFI was significantly associated with higher risks of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio = 2.95; 95% confidence interval = 2.42-3.62), 30-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.39; 2.08-2.74), 6-month mortality (HR = 2.29; 2.04-2.56), and a longer length of stay (beta-coefficient = 2.00; 1.65-2.34) but not with 30-day readmission. The association between the eFI and in-hospital mortality remained robust across the waves, even after the vaccination rollout. Among all measures, the eFI had the best discrimination for in-hospital (AUC = 0.780), 30-day (Harrell's C = 0.733), and 6-month mortality (Harrell's C = 0.719). Conclusion: An eFI based on routinely collected EHRs can be applied in identifying high-risk older COVID-19 patients during the continuing pandemic.
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| 5. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the H→ γγ and H→ ZZ∗→ 4 ℓ cross-sections in pp collisions at √s=13.6 TeV with the ATLAS detector
- 2024
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Institute for Ionics. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 84:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The inclusive Higgs boson production cross-section is measured in the di-photon and the ZZ∗→ 4 ℓ decay channels using 31.4 and 29.0 fb - 1 of pp collision data respectively, collected with the ATLAS detector at a centre-of-mass energy of s=13.6 TeV . To reduce the model dependence, the measurement in each channel is restricted to a particle-level phase space that closely matches the channel’s detector-level kinematic selection, and it is corrected for detector effects. These measured fiducial cross-sections are σfid,γγ= 76-13+14 fb, and σfid,4ℓ= 2.80±0.74 fb, in agreement with the corresponding Standard Model predictions of 67.6 ± 3.7 fb and 3.67 ± 0.19 fb. Assuming Standard Model acceptances and branching fractions for the two channels, the fiducial measurements are extrapolated to the full phase space yielding total cross-sections of σ(pp→H)=67-11+12 pb and 46 ± 12 pb at 13.6 TeV from the di-photon and ZZ∗→ 4 ℓ measurements respectively. The two measurements are combined into a total cross-section measurement of σ(pp→ H) = 58.2 ± 8.7 pb, to be compared with the Standard Model prediction of σ(pp→ H) SM= 59.9 ± 2.6 pb.
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| 6. |
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Africa's return migrants : the new developers?
- 2015
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many African migrants residing abroad nurture a hope to one day return, at least temporarily, to their home country. In the wake of economic crises in the developed world, alongside rapid economic growth in parts of Africa, the impetus to 'return' is likely to increase. Such returnees are often portrayed as agents of development, bringing with them capital, knowledge and skills as well as connections and experience gained abroad. Yet, the reality is altogether more complex.In this much-needed volume, based on extensive original fieldwork, the authors reveal that there is all too often a gaping divide between abstract policy assumptions and migrants' actual practices. In contrast to the prevailing optimism of policies on migration and development, Africa's Return Migrants demonstrates that the capital obtained abroad is not always advantageous and that it can even hamper successful entrepreneurship and other forms of economic, political and social engagement.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Akram, Asif, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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A Research Framework to Study how Digital Service Innovation Transforms Value Networks
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of IRIS 2011. - Turku, Finland : Turku Center for Computer Science. - 9789521226489 ; , s. 29-40
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports from preparations in an ongoing research study concerning how digital service innovation transforms value networks in manufacturing industries. The research study is in the context of the vehicle industry and concerns digital e-maintenance services based on remote diagnostics systems. This digital service innovation in particular is of great importance since manufacturing industries have great potential to expand their business and found new and extended boundaries and relationships with other stakeholder in a network they are attached to. Core challenges and opportunities for digital service innovation will lead us to the study of its influence on the business and innovation environment i.e. the value network. This paper presents a framework to study how digital service innovation transforms value networks based on literature reviews on value network, digital innovation and transformation of value networks.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Akram, Asif, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Digital Visions vs. Product Practices : Understanding Tensions in Incumbent Manufacturing Firms
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. - Los Alamitos, CA : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781479925049 - 9781479925056 ; , s. 4516-4525
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Incumbent manufacturing firms face challenges when expanding their product focus with digital services. Such expansion creates tensions in organizations in the servitization process. While management visions and conceptualizes new service oriented businesses, the actual practice of implementing these service concepts is influenced by the product paradigmatic way of thinking in the organization. This dominant thinking creates tensions between business visions and business practice. We use the case of remote diagnostics services to provide insights into a manufacturing firm’s attempt to transform the dominant oriented business models into a new networked environment. We suggest that such acts that may or may not lead to transition are lingered by dominant logics related to the product focus. This indicates that firms are required to embed new logics into their existing practice in order to exploit the full potential of digital technology. © 2014 IEEE.
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| 11. |
- Akram, Asif, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding Tensions in Incumbent Manufacturing Firms – A Study of Digitalized Products
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 47th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Computer Society Press.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Incumbent manufacturing firms face challenges when expanding their product focus with digital services. Such expansion creates tensions in organizations in the servitization process. While management visions and conceptualizes new service oriented businesses, the actual practice of implementing these service concepts is influenced by the product paradigmatic way of thinking in the organization. This dominant thinking creates tensions between business visions and business practice. We use the case of remote diagnostics services to provide insights into a manufacturing firm’s attempt to transform the dominant oriented business models into a new networked environment. We suggest that such acts that may or may not lead to transition are lingered by dominant logics related to the product focus. This indicates that firms are required to embed new logics into their existing practice in order to exploit the full potential of digital technology.
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| 12. |
- Akram, Asif, 1978-
(författare)
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Value Network Transformation : Digital Service Innovation in the Vehicle Industry
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Advancement in digital technology is rapidly changing the contemporary landscape of business and associated networks for manufacturing firms. Many traditional physical products are now being embedded with digital components, providing them digital capability to become digitized products. The digitization of physical products has become an important driver for digital service innovation within manufacturing industries. Such digital service innovation transforms value networks of manufacturing firms in various industries. While digitization of products and digital service innovation can be observed in many manufacturing industries, this thesis focuses on the transformation of value networks within the vehicle industry.This thesis is a collection of papers and a cover paper. The thesis reports from a collaborative project in the vehicle industry. The project explored new digital services for vehicles based on remote diagnostics technology. The exploration and conceptualization of digital services is investigated in a collaborative manner with participants from the vehicle industry. The results reflect that there is a paradigm shift for manufacturing firms digitizing their products, and stretching the business scope from product to solution oriented business.This thesis contributes to the existing literature on digital innovation with insights on the transformation of value networks in the vehicle industry. The research question addressed in this thesis is: How are value networks of manufacturing firms transformed by digital service innovation? To answer the question, this thesis conceptualizes how the value creating pattern of digitized products transforms value networks of manufacturing firms. A model is presented that reflects how the symbiotic value relationship between the digitized product and digital services transforms the roles, relationships and exchanges in the value networks of manufacturing firms. The model can serve as an analytical tool to further advance the knowledge on business aspects in digital innovation. This thesis contributes to practice by providing an understanding of how manufacturing firms can leverage value of digitized products and digital services in value networks.
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| 13. |
- Akram, Asif, et al.
(författare)
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Value Network Transformation By Digital Service Innovation In The Vehicle Industry
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 15th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems | Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS). - Brisbane, Australia : Association for Information Systems. - 9781864356441
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper reports from preparations in an ongoing research study concerning how digital service innovation transforms value networks in the vehicle industry. The research study concerns digital services based on remote diagnostics systems. This digital service innovation in particular is of great importance since the vehicle industry has great potential to expand its business and found new and extended boundaries and relationships with other stakeholder in the networks they are attached to. Core challenges and opportunities for digital service innovation will lead us to the study of its influence on the business and innovation environment i.e. the value network. In this paper, we propose three propositions to study transformation from product oriented value networks to digital service oriented value networks.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Bergquist, Magnus, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Combining Actor Network Theory and Genre Theory to Understand the Evolution of Digital genres
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the JAIS Theory Development Workshop. Sprouts Working Papers on Information Systems. - Amsterdam : Sprouts Alliance. ; 8:20, s. 36-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we argue that a combination of Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and Genre Theory can constitute a theoretical framework for understanding how digital genres evolve. Genre theory states that genres evolve over time through reciprocal interaction between institutionalized practices and individual action; that they develop from actors’ responses to recurrent situations, and are shaped around characteristics as content, form, functionality and purpose. Genres emerge out of practice and at the same time they shape that practice. While genre theory can describe the characteristics of a genre, it cannot handle the process of how a genre is formed and what powers and forces are involved in this shaping process. In order to address this problem, several authors have incorporated structuration theory into genre analysis. However, structuration theory can only catch these constitutional processes of genre in a very broad manner. As a genre is evolving and stabilizing over time in interplay with different actors, it goes beyond what is possible to explain only by means of structuration theory. Instead, ANT could work as a tool to capture the process of how a genre takes form in negotiations with different stakeholders. In this paper we discuss how genre theory and ANT can be combined in a framework for analyzing emerging genres. We apply this theoretical framework on an e-newspaper project that embodies a new genre in the making. We will here show how evolving genre characteristics are developed, formed and stabilized in a negotiation and struggle between the involved actors when they translate their interests in ways that finally are resulting in a new genre.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Carlsson, Christel, et al.
(författare)
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Transport av kemiska bekämpningsmedel samt fastläggnings- och nedbrytningskarakterisering i en vertikal transekt genom mark- och grundvattenzonen i Vemmenhögs tillrinningsområde, södra Sverige
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektets mål har varit att undersöka förekomst, fastläggning, transport och nedbrytning av kemiska bekämpningsmedel (KB) i djupare grundvatten i ett litet avrinningsområde i Vemmenhög i Skåne. Inom ramen för studien har grundvatten provtagits på varierande djup (5,5-35 m) och analyserats med avseende på 150 olika KB vid fem olika tillfällen utan att några detekterats (undantaget ett enstaka fynd av AMPA). Dessa djupare grundvatten daterades till mellan 40 och >60 år. I grunt grundvatten från området finns fynd av KB och med hjälp av statistisk analys av spridningsdata och data över fynd visades att den enskilt största faktorn som avgör om KB återfinns i grundvattnet eller ej är dosen vid besprutningstillfället. En högre dos ökar sannolikheten för fynd i grundvattnet. En matematisk modellering har genomförts för att förklara förekomst av 6 olika KB i grunt grundvatten. För modelleringen användes bl.a. experimentellt bestämda parametrar för nedbrytning och fastläggning. Modelleringen möjliggjorde att fynd av lågsorberande KB kunde kopplas till spridningen av dessa substanser, medan fynd av de relativt starkt sorberande substanserna inte kunde förklaras.
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| 20. |
- Chowdhury, Soumitra, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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A Proposed Conceptual Framework For Identifying The Logic Of Digital Services
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 15th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, PACIS 2011. - Brisbane : Association for Information Systems. - 9781864356441
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we propose a conceptual framework for identifying the logic of digital services. Digital services are those services that we acquire after the digitalization of previously non-digital products or services. The objective of the framework is to apply it in identifying the logic of digital services which are the results of digital innovation in the context of remote diagnostic services in the vehicle industry. While building the framework, looking at the transformation of the non-digital to digital service and the involvement of physical products, i.e., digital devices in the transformation, it was found essential to identify the logic of the digital services on the basis of service logic and goods logic.For that purpose, we have reviewed the literature on service logic and goods logic as those logics discuss differently about the determination and meaning of value, role of customer, role of physical products, primary unit of exchange and some other aspects which are important to know in case of transforming a non-digital service to digital service. These logics and the concept of digital innovation are utilized in building the framework for identifying the logic of digital services.
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| 21. |
- Chowdhury, Soumitra, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Architectural Characteristics of Digital Services Enabled by Embedded Technology : A Study on Remote Diagnostics Services
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 47th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. - Los Alamitos, CA : IEEE. - 9781479925056 - 9781479925049 ; , s. 3909-3918
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we characterize the architecture of digital services that are enabled by embedded technology. Digitalization with embedded technology in physical products has become a common phenomenon. In spite of growing instance of such digitalization, little is known about the architectural characteristics of digital services enabled by embedded technology. Based on a research on vehicular remote diagnostics services, we characterize the architecture of such digital services. Following the framework on layered modular architecture continuum, our findings provide the following architectural characteristics: i) the architecture of the digital services spans along the layered modular architecture continuum, ii) the application program of the digital services is simultaneously de-coupled and partly coupled with the embedded devices, iii) there exist layers within layer of the digital services, iv) application program layer of the digital services is a closed innovation platform. © 2014 IEEE
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| 22. |
- Chowdhury, Soumitra, et al.
(författare)
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Architectural Characteristics of Digital Services Enabled by Embedded Technology: A Study on Remote Diagnostics Services
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 47th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Computer Society Press.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper, we characterize the architecture of digital services that are enabled by embedded technology. Digitalization with embedded technology in physical products has become a common phenomenon. In spite of growing instance of such digitalization, little is known about the architectural characteristics of embedded technology enabled digital services. Based on a research on vehicular remote diagnostics services, we characterize the architecture of such digital services. Following the framework on layered modular architecture continuum, our findings provide the following architectural characteristics: i) the architecture of the digital services spans along the layered modular architecture continuum, ii) the application program of the digital services is simultaneously de-coupled and partly coupled with the embedded devices, iii) there exist layers within layer of the digital services, iv) application program layer of the digital services is a closed innovation platform.
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| 23. |
- Chowdhury, Soumitra, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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E-Maintenance as an Emerging Customer Value Generating IT-Enabled Resource
- 2012
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Ingår i: MCIS 2012 Proceedings. - : Elsevier.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports business related challenges and opportunities for e-maintenance as an emerging customer value generating IT-enabled resource. The research study is concerned with the e- maintenance based on remote diagnostics in the vehicle industry. E-maintenance of vehicles is of great importance as e-maintenance technology has great potential to provide various state of the art maintenance related services for the vehicles. This emerging technology brings challenges and opportunities to generate value both for the companies and their customers. In this paper, we have presented several business related challenges and opportunities for e-maintenance. In the form of a set of propositions, the contribution of this paper is to conceptualize e-maintenance as an emerging customer value generating IT-enabled resource by showing challenges and opportunities related to it.
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| 24. |
- Chowdhury, Soumitra, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Service innovation in digitalized product platforms : An illustration of the implications of generativity on remote diagnostics of public transport buses
- 2021
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Ingår i: Technology in society. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0160-791X .- 1879-3274. ; 65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The digitalization of products stimulates service innovation and new business opportunities for industrial manufacturing firms. These opportunities are driven by generativity, which denotes digital technology's capacity in enabling organizations to innovate. While generativity on the one hand provides opportunities for digital service innovation, on the other hand it challenges the traditional business logic of industrial manufacturing firms. The traditional stable product-centric businesses where resources of a product platform are controlled by industrial manufacturing firms become destabilized and driven towards a flexible service innovation. The aim of this research is to explore the implications of generativity for service innovation in digitalized product platforms. We show the paradoxical relationship between generativity and control by following a bus manufacturer's endeavour in service innovation with digitalized public transport buses. We contribute with empirical illustrations of the implications for service innovation with three different degrees of control in digitalized product platforms.
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| 25. |
- Chowdhury, Soumitra, 1983-
(författare)
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Service Logic in Digitalized Product Platforms : A Study of Digital Service Innovation in the Vehicle Industry
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The digitalization of products has become an important driver for service innovation in manufacturing firms. The embedding of digital technology in previously non-digital products creates digitalized product platforms that enable digital service innovation. Digital service innovation offers new business opportunities for manufacturing industries, as well as challenges established premises for value creation. While digital service innovation can be found in many manufacturing industries, this thesis studies service logic in digitalized product platforms in the vehicle industry.Existing Information Systems (IS) literature presents challenges in digital service innovation relating to value, architecture, and generativity. The design of the architecture of digitalized product platforms requires the identification and combination of digital and non-digital assets. Understanding the architectural aspects is useful in digital service innovation. Moreover, with growing instances of generative digital technologies, it is challenging to develop strategies to leverage generativity for service design in digitalized product platforms. While digital technologies are embedded in products, the role of technology-embeddedness in value creation of digital services is relatively unexplored. Drawing on these challenges, this thesis describes and conceptualizes the underlying premises brought by the architecture and generativity to the value creation of services in digitalized product platforms. The research question addressed in this thesis is: What are the underlying premises for services in digitalized product platforms?To address the question, an interpretive qualitative research approach was adopted in a collaborative research project concerning services enabled by digitalization of vehicles. Drawing on digital innovation and service literature, this thesis presents a theoretical perspective on the role of the architecture and generativity of digitalized product platforms for value creation of digital services. This perspective is conceptualized as underlying premises for this specific class of services. The premises frame the service logic in digitalized product platforms and provide a ground for understanding services in digitalized product platforms in relation to value dimensions, architecture and generativity. The premises are based on five concepts: value-in-architecture, value-in-connectivity, fundamental asset for value creation, mutual dependence of modular and layered modular assets, and re-evaluation of value propositions. The proposed premises offer a basis for understanding value creation of this class of services, and guidance for manufacturing firms designing digitalized product platforms.
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| 26. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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ITIL Compliance with Service-Dominant Logic
- 2020
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Ingår i: e-Service Journal. - : Indiana University Press. - 1528-8226 .- 1528-8234. ; 11:2, s. 74-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increased recognition of the benefits of Service-Dominant (S-D Logic) has encouraged IT organizations to adopt an S-D Logic perspective. In order to streamline the service transformation process, a majority of them are using the best practice ITIL. However, the development of several ITIL books lacks a solid theoretical grounding based on S-D Logic. This is problematic because it hinders IT-organizations to efficiently adopt a service perspective. The purpose of this paper is to present knowledge concerning how ITIL complies with the service perspective of S-D logic. The findings consist of knowledge about areas in ITIL which comply with S-D logic and areas where there is room for improvement. To increase compliance with a service-oriented perspective, ITIL needs to adopt contemporary definitions of service and value, including a stronger emphasis on value co-creation and abandoning a language that corresponds to traditional goods-dominant logic. The findings contribute to an improved understanding of shortcomings of ITIL regarding service-orientation. Based on the findings, this paper suggests some actions that can be applied as a remedy in cases where ITIL has low compliance with S-D logic. Moreover, the knowledge presented is essential for organizations that are using ITIL to transform their service processes to digital formats.
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| 27. |
- D'Hertefeldt, Tina, Universitetslektor, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Dead or dormant? Using vital stains to evaluate heat treatment of invasive Japanese knotweed
- 2023
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Ingår i: Swedish Oikos Meeting. ; , s. 8-8
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One of the most widely established invasive alien plant species in Sweden is the Japanese knotweed. A range of control measures exist, and there is great need of methods to evaluate their effectiveness. No single method currently guarantees eradication of the Japanese knotweed, hence there is considerable interest to develop more efficient techniques. One is heat treatment using steam or hot water. The effects of heat on above-ground biomass are easy to evaluate but it has proven to be more problematic to evaluate vitality of below-ground rhizomes, which can stay dormant under unfavorable conditions. We have therefore evaluated rhizome vitality using combined greenhouse trials and fluorescence microscopy observations with the vital stains fluorescence diacetate (FDA) and propidium iodide (PI). Fluorescence diacetate was effective in separating live rhizomes from rhizomes that were autoclaved at 121°C. However, while propidium iodide is routinely used to identify dead cells by staining their nuclei, unexpectedly few nuclei were stained in the heat-treated rhizomes. When temperature was reduced to 80°C for 1 hour, FDA indicated some live meristems. However, at 80°C for longer periods, no fluorescence was visible which indicated dead rhizomes. This shows the importance of treatment longevity in order to terminate persistent rhizomes of Japanese knotweed. Type of presentation: Flash talk.
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| 28. |
- Donat-Vargas, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations between repeated measure of plasma perfluoroalkyl substances and cardiometabolic risk factors
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 124, s. 58-65
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent synthetic chemicals that may affect components of metabolic risk through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor but epidemiological data remain scarce and inconsistent.Objective: To estimate associations between repeated measurements of the main PFAS in plasma and total cholesterol, triglycerides and hypertension among the control subjects from a population-based nested case-control study on diabetes type 2 in middle-aged women and men.Methods: Participants (n = 187) were free of diabetes at both baseline and follow-up visits to the Västerbotten Intervention Programme, 10 years apart: during 1990 to 2003 (baseline) and 2001 to 2013 (follow-up). Participants left blood samples, completed questionnaires on diet and lifestyle factors, and underwent medical examinations, including measurement of blood pressure. PFAS and lipids were later determined in stored plasma samples. Associations for the repeated measurements were assessed using generalized estimating equations.Results: Six PFAS exceeded the limit of quantitation. Repeated measures of PFAS in plasma, cardiometabolic risk factors and confounders, showed an average decrease of triglycerides from −0.16 mmol/l (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.33, 0.02 for PFOA) to −0.26 mmol/l (95% CI: −0.50, −0.08 for PFOS), when comparing the highest tertile of PFAS plasma levels with the lowest. Associations based on average PFAS measurements and follow-up triglycerides revealed similar inverse associations, although attenuated. The estimates for cholesterol and hypertension were inconsistent and with few exception non-significant.Conclusions: This study found inverse associations between PFAS and triglycerides, but did not support any clear link with either cholesterol or hypertension.
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| 29. |
- Donat-Vargas, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
-
Persistent Organochlorine Pollutants in Plasma, Blood Pressure, and Hypertension in a Longitudinal Study
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Hypertension. - 0194-911X .- 1524-4563. ; 71:6, s. 1258-1268
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) have shown to be involved in the atherosclerotic process and to cause endothelial cell dysfunction. To assess longitudinally whether plasma concentrations of different POPs were associated with blood pressure and risk of hypertension in middle-aged women and men. Study subjects were 850 participants in the VIP (Västerbotten Intervention Programme) with 2 blood samples and blood pressure measurements, 10 years apart, during 1990 to 2003 (baseline) and during 2000 to 2013 (follow-up). Dioxin-like and nondioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs, NDL-PCBs) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) were measured. Associations were assessed using generalized estimating equations. At baseline sampling 49% and at follow-up 64% had hypertension. DL-PCBs and DDE, but not NDL-PCBs or hexachlorobenzene, were associated with hypertension. Only the association for DL-PCBs remained statistically significant after lipid-standardization and adjustment for body mass index and total serum lipids. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of hypertension based on repeated measurements were 1.52 (95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.13) for DL-PCBs (third versus first tertile of lipid-standardized POPs). In stratified adjusted analyses, odds ratio for those born after 1950 increased to 3.99 (95% confidence interval, 2.15-7.43), whereas no association was observed among those born earlier. Based on repeated measurements, the accumulated exposure to DL-PCBs and DDE, although less clear for the latter, may disrupt the normal blood pressure levels and increase the odds of hypertension. Moreover, individuals experiencing early-life POP exposure may be at elevated risk of vascular POP effects.
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| 30. |
- Donat-Vargas, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
-
Urinary phosphate is associated with cardiovascular disease incidence.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 294:3, s. 358-369
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Elevated phosphate (P) in urine may reflect a high intake of inorganic P salts from food additives. Elevated P in plasma is linked to vascular dysfunction and calcification.OBJECTIVE: To explore associations between P in urine as well as in plasma and questionnaire-estimated P intake, and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD).METHODS: We used the Swedish Mammography Cohort-Clinical, a population-based cohort study. At baseline (2004-2009), P was measured in urine and plasma in 1625 women. Dietary P was estimated via a food-frequency questionnaire. Incident CVD was ascertained via register-linkage. Associations were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression.RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 9.4 years, 164 composite CVD cases occurred (63 myocardial infarctions [MIs] and 101 strokes). Median P (percentiles 5-95) in urine and plasma were 2.4 (1.40-3.79) mmol/mmol creatinine and 1.13 (0.92-1.36) mmol/L, respectively, whereas dietary P intake was 1510 (1148-1918) mg/day. No correlations were observed between urinary and plasma P (r = -0.07) or dietary P (r = 0.10). Urinary P was associated with composite CVD and MI. The hazard ratio of CVD comparing extreme tertiles was 1.57 (95% confidence interval 1.05, 2.35; P trend 0.037)-independently of sodium excretion, the estimated glomerular filtration rate, both P and calcium in plasma, and diuretic use. Association with CVD for plasma P was 1.41 (0.96, 2.07; P trend 0.077).CONCLUSION: Higher level of urinary P, likely reflecting a high consumption of highly processed foods, was linked to CVD. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the potential cardiovascular toxicity associated with excessive intake of P beyond nutritional requirements.
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| 31. |
- Echeverri, Per, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
-
Professional identity in service work : why front-line employees do what they do
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of service theory and practice. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2055-6225 .- 2055-6233. ; 28:3, s. 315-335
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify the key elements of professional identity in service work in order to provide more in-depth theoretical explanations as to why service workers do as they do while co-creating service. Design/methodology/approach: This study takes a multi-perspective on professional identity, i.e. using both an employee and a customer perspective, arguing that the phenomenon mainly consists of what these interactants jointly do during the service interaction and of the meanings that are attributed to it. The authors draw on a detailed empirical study of professionals working at a customer centre. Methodologically, the study is based on practice theory, which helps us to illuminate and analyse both the micro practices and the meaning attributed to the professional identity of service workers. Findings: The key elements of professional identity in service work are outlined within a framework that describes and explains three different facets of the service workers’ professional identity, i.e. as a core (i.e. individual resources, cognitive understanding, interaction), as conditions (i.e. service prerequisites), and as contour (i.e. demeanour and functions). Research limitations/implications: The findings are based on an empirical data set from a public transport customer centre. As the results are limited to one context, they do not provide statistical generalizability. Although limited to one service industry, the findings may still be of high relevance to a wide range of service organisations. Practical implications: The study shows the significance of managers not just talking about the importance of being service-minded; more exactly, a wide range of service prerequisites, beyond cognitive understanding, needs to be in place. It is crucial that service workers are given the time to develop their contextual knowledge of their customers, and of other parts of the service organisation. Originality/value: This study offers original empirical contributions concerning the key elements of professional identity. An alternative conceptualization of professional identity is provided, through which the paper adds to service research, explaining more specifically what kinds of knowledge and skills are in use during the co-creation of services.
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| 32. |
- Einberg, Eva-Lena, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Hur gör man barn delaktiga i forsknings- och innovationsprocesser vid utveckling av digitala hälsoinnovationer
- 2013
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Att drabbas av en svår eller kronisk sjukdom under barndomen kan bidra till fysiska och psykosociala svårigheter senare i livet. Kamratstöd mellan individer som delar samma erfarenhet är en viktig främjande faktor till hälsa och välbefinnande och kan verka som en buffert mot stress och motgångar. Empirisk evidens som kan vägleda utveckling av digitala och interaktiva lösningar för kamratstöd mellan barn som drabbas av sjukdom i skolåldern är idag begränsad. Den process som presenteras här är fokuserad på att etablera metodologi för barns delaktighet i innovationsprocesser och att fånga barns bakomliggande beteenden och mål relaterat till kamratstödjande processer och hälsa. Intervjuer i fokusgrupper är en teknik som främjar barns deltagande och fångar barns perspektiv, förståelse och erfarenhet relaterat till deras hälsa. Friska barn (8-12 år) rekryterades från en lokal grundskola till fyra fokusgrupper med fyra barn i varje grupp. Barnen träffades två gånger med en intervall på 1-2 veckor. Förändringar gjordes mellan varje fokusgrupp för att anpassa strukturen på träffarna till en nivå motsvarande barnens erfarenheter, ålder och förmåga och för att fokusera diskussionerna på innovationsprocessen. En blandning av informativa och kreativa tekniker som öppna frågor, brainstorming, rita och måla och fotografering användes för att underlätta för barnen att uttrycka sig. Barnen framförde efter deltagandet att de tyckte om att delta och ville träffas igen i den här formen av grupp. Vår anpassade struktur på fokusgrupper används idag med barn med erfarenhet av svår sjukdom (cancer) för att ta fram typanvändare (Personas) i innovationsprocessen. Barnen rekryterades från Barnonkologiskt centra i Lund och Hallands sjukhus i Halmstad till fem fokusgrupper med tre barn i varje grupp. Barns delaktighet genom vår metod har förbättrat förutsättningarna att fånga barns mål och beteende och tillfört unikt material till den fortsatta designprocessen.
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| 33. |
- Einberg, Eva-Lena, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Hur gör man barn delaktiga i forsknings- och innovationsprocesser vid utveckling av digitala hälsoinnovationer
- 2012
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Att drabbas av en svår eller kronisk sjukdom under barndomen kan bidra till fysiska och psykosociala svårigheter senare i livet. Kamratstöd mellan individer som delar samma erfarenhet är en viktig främjande faktor till hälsa och välbefinnande och kan verka som en buffert mot stress och motgångar. Empirisk evidens som kan vägleda utveckling av digitala och interaktiva lösningar för kamratstöd mellan barn som drabbas av sjukdom i skolåldern är idag begränsad. Den process som presenteras här är fokuserad på att etablera metodologi för barns delaktighet i innovationsprocesser och att fånga barns bakomliggande beteenden och mål relaterat till kamratstödjande processer och hälsa. Intervjuer i fokusgrupper är en teknik som främjar barns deltagande och fångar barns perspektiv, förståelse och erfarenhet relaterat till deras hälsa. Friska barn (8-12 år) rekryterades från en lokal grundskola till fyra fokusgrupper med fyra barn i varje grupp. Barnen träffades två gånger med en intervall på 1-2 veckor. Förändringar gjordes mellan varje fokusgrupp för att anpassa strukturen på träffarna till en nivå motsvarande barnens erfarenheter, ålder och förmåga och för att fokusera diskussionerna på innovationsprocessen. En blandning av informativa och kreativa tekniker som öppna frågor, brainstorming, rita och måla och fotografering användes för att underlätta för barnen att uttrycka sig. Barnen framförde efter deltagandet att de tyckte om att delta och ville träffas igen i den här formen av grupp. Vår anpassade struktur på fokusgrupper används idag med barn med erfarenhet av svår sjukdom (cancer) för att ta fram typanvändare (Personas) i innovationsprocessen. Barnen rekryterades från Barnonkologiskt centra i Lund och Hallands sjukhus i Halmstad till fem fokusgrupper med tre barn i varje grupp. Barns delaktighet genom vår metod har förbättrat förutsättningarna att fånga barns mål och beteende och tillfört unikt material till den fortsatta designprocessen.
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| 34. |
- Einberg, Eva-Lena, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Involving children in research and innovation processes in the development of digital health promotion intervention
- 2013
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionSevere or chronic illness in childhood may contribute to physical and psychosocial problems later in life. Peer support among individuals who share the same experience is an important factor in promoting health and wellbeing and can act as a buffer against stress and adversities. Empirical evidence that could guide development of digital and interactive solutions for peer support between school-aged children affected by illness is limited.Purpose/MethodsThe process presented here is focused on establishing method- ology for children's participation in innovation processes and to capture the child's underlying behaviors and goals related to peer support processes and health. Focus group interview is a child-friendly method that promotes participation and access to children's perspectives, insights and experiences related to their health. Healthy children were recruited from a local elementary school. Focus groups were carried out in two sessions for each group with an interval of 1-2 weeks.ResultsAdjustments were made between each focus group to adapt the meeting structure to a level commensurate with the chil- dren's experience, age and abilities and to focus discussions on innovation incentives related to a digital peer support service. A mixture of informative and creative techniques such as open questions, brainstorming, drawing and painting and photog- raphy were used to assist the children to express themselves. The children were pleased to participate and wanted to meet again in this form of group.ConclusionsOur adapted focus group structure are now being used with children with experience of severe illness (cancer) to develop Personas (fictitious characters of users) in the innovation pro- cess. Children's participation through our method has improved the chances of capturing children's goals and behavior, and added unique material for the continuing design process.
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| 35. |
- Einberg, Eva-Lena, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Participatory innovation process for development of a digital peer support service for children with cancer
- 2012
-
Ingår i: SIOP Publication Abstracts. - Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons. ; , s. 88-88
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Surviving cancer during childhood imposes a number of difficulties later in life. Peer support has been recognised as an important contributor to health and well-being but empirical evidence that could guide development of peer support programs for school aged children is scarce. The process presented here is focused on generic exploration of children’s needs and expectations related to peer support innovations to promote health and wellbeing of children with cancer. The purpose of this study is to establish a participatory innovation process that grasps the underlying behaviours and goals of children that will affect the design of a digital peer support service.Methods: Focus group interview is a child-friendly technique that promotes participation and access to children’s perspectives, insights and experiences related to their health. Healthy children 8–12 years of age were recruited from a local elementary school. Focus groups (n = 5 groups) were carried out in two sessions for each group (n = 4 children per group) with an interval of 1–2 weeks. Adjustments were made between each focus group to adapt the meeting structure to a level commensurate with the children’s experience, age and abilities and to focus discussions on innovation incentives related to a digital peer support service.Results: The adaptation process involved adjustments of the focus group structure to match children in the selected age group and to the aims of the innovation process. A mixture of informative and creative techniques (open questions, brainstorming, drawing, photography) assisted the children in talking and expressing themselves. The children were pleased to participate and wanted to meet again in this kind of study group. The adapted focus group sessions are now being used in the research and innovation process with children (8–12 yrs) with experience of cancer treatment.Conclusion: The final focus group structure capture children’s perspectives for the design of a digital peer support service.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Eriksson Baaz, Maria, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Introduction
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Africa's return migrants. - London & New York : Zed Books. - 9781783602339
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 40. |
- Eveborn, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Organiska mikroföroreningar i enskild dricksvattenförsörjning
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna studie har 72 fastigheter med enskild vattenförsörjning undersökts för att kartlägga förekomst av organiska mikroföroreningar i enskilt dricksvatten. Vattenprover från brunnarna analyserades för en lista med ca 130 organiska föroreningar inom undergruppernaperfluorerade alkylsyror (PFAS)läkemedelsresterhygien- och kosmetikaprodukterbekämpningsmedelstimulanterindustrikemikalier.Utöver de organiska mikroföroreningarna analyserades också en bred uppsättning standard-parametrar som bakterier, pH, nitrat, fosfat och metaller (basparametrar).Studien har fokuserat på dricksvattenbrunnar som riskerar att utsättas för påverkan från enskilda avlopp. Arbetet skedde i samarbete med tio kommuner och urvalet av fastigheter för studien gjordes i samverkan mellan SGU och de lokala kommunrepresentanterna. För de fastigheter som valdes ut bedömdes det finnas en risk för påverkan på dricksvattnet från omgivande enskilda avloppsanläggningar. Inom projektet inventerades och dokumenterades 96 omgivande avlopp i syfte att ytterligare kartlägga riskbilden för påverkan.Resultaten visar att spår av organiska mikroföroreningar är vanligt förekommande i enskilda dricksvattenbrunnar. I samtliga brunnar gjordes fynd av någon organisk mikroförorening. I den brunn som hade flest fynd påvisades 13 substanser. Bland de tio vanligast förekommande substanserna återfanns ämnen från samtliga undergrupper undantaget bekämpningsmedel. Halterna var i regel låga (i storleksordningen några ng/l) och endast för ett enstaka fall kan man med hänvisning till riktvärden säga att halten utgjorde en risk ur hälsomässigt perspektiv. I detta fall rörde det sig om förekomst av bekämpningsmedel.Det är väl känt att avlopp (även enskilda hushållsavlopp) är en viktig källa för spridning till miljön för många av de föroreningar som studien omfattar. Trots detta kan denna studie inte uppvisa några tydliga samband mellan de fynd som gjordes och den bedömda risken för påverkan från närliggande avlopp. Analysresultaten (som dock omfattar osäkerheter) indikerade snarare en komplex bild av spridning där påverkanskällor från ett större sammanhang i brunnens tillrinningsområde bidrar till diffus påverkan på dricksvattnet.En stor del av analyserna för organiska mikroföroreningar utfördes med dubbelprov (två prover uttogs vid samma tidpunkt). Resultatet från dubbelproven visade på osäkerheter i analyser och/eller provtagningsutförande. Orsaken till osäkerheterna kan vara problem med representativitet mellan prover, kontamination eller analysutförande. Huvudorsaken går inte att fastställa. En viktig slutsats är därför att kvalitetssäkringsrutiner är viktiga för den här typen av screeningprojekt. Stöd för sådana rutiner kan behöva tas fram inom screeningverksamheten i Sverige och fortsatt kartläggning av analysosäkerheter är önskvärt. Det finns också fortsatt ett behov av att undersöka och spåra hur organiska mikroföroreningar kommer ut och sprids i miljön för att så småningom kunna identifieras i grundvatten.
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| 41. |
- Finnveden, Göran, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
-
Regeringen måste satsa på resurseffektivt samhälle
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Dagens nyheter. - : AB Dagens nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; :2013-04-01
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Regeringen förbereder en avfallspolitisk proposition. Den kommer förhoppningsvis att klargöra vem som ska ha ansvaret att samla in våra förpackningar. Men fokus borde också ligga på hur vi kan gå mot ett samhälle där resurser används så effektivt som möjligt, skriver forskare på miljöområdet.
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| 42. |
- Frick, Inga-Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Antibacterial activity of the contact and complement systems is blocked by SIC, a protein secreted by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 1083-351X. ; 286, s. 1331-1340
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies have shown that activation of the complement and contact systems results in the generation of antibacterial peptides. Streptococcus pyogenes, a major bacterial pathogen in humans, exists in more than one hundred different serotypes due to sequence variation in the surface-associated M protein. Cases of invasive and life-threatening S. pyogenes infections are commonly associated with isolates of the M1 serotype, and in contrast to the large majority of M serotypes, M1 isolates all secrete the SIC protein. Here we show that SIC interferes with the activation of the contact system, and blocks the activity of antibacterial peptides generated through complement and contact activation. This effect promotes the growth of S. pyogenes in human plasma, and in a mouse model of S. pyogenes sepsis, SIC enhances bacterial dissemination, results which help to explain the high frequency of severe S. pyogenes infections caused by isolates of the M1 serotype.
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| 43. |
- Frick, Inga-Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Protein H--a surface protein of Streptococcus pyogenes with separate binding sites for IgG and albumin
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Molecular Microbiology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2958 .- 0950-382X. ; 12:1, s. 143-151
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protein H, a molecule expressed at the surface of some strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, has affinity for the constant (IgGFc) region of immunoglobulin (Ig) G. In absorption experiments with human plasma, protein H-sepharose could absorb not only IgG but also albumin from plasma. The affinity constant for the reaction between albumin and protein H was 7.8 x 10(9) M-1, which is higher than the affinity between IgG and protein H (Ka = 1.6 x 10(9) M-1). Fragments of protein H were generated with deletion plasmids and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. Using these fragments in various protein-protein interaction assays, the binding of albumin was mapped to three repeats (C1-C3) in the C-terminal half of protein H. On the albumin molecule, the binding site for protein H was found to overlap the site for protein G, another albumin- and IgGFc-binding bacterial surface protein. Also IgGFc-binding could be mapped with the protein H fragments and the region was found N-terminally of the C repeats. A synthetic peptide (25 amino acid residues long) based on a sequence in this region was shown to inhibit the binding of protein H to immobilized IgG or IgGFc. This sequence was not found in previously described IgGFc-binding proteins. However, two other cell surface proteins of S. pyogenes exhibited highly homologous regions. The results identify IgGFc- and albumin-binding regions of protein H and further define and emphasize the convergent evolution among bacterial surface proteins interacting with human plasma proteins.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Frick, Inga-Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
The contact system - a novel branch of innate immunity generating antibacterial peptides
- 2006
-
Ingår i: EMBO Journal. - : Wiley. - 0261-4189 .- 1460-2075. ; 25:23, s. 5569-5578
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Activation of the contact system has two classical consequences: initiation of the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, and cleavage of high molecular weight kininogen (HK) leading to the release of bradykinin, a potent proinflammatory peptide. In human plasma, activation of the contact system at the surface of significant bacterial pathogens was found to result in further HK processing and bacterial killing. A fragment comprising the D3 domain of HK is generated, and within this fragment a sequence of 26 amino acids is mainly responsible for the antibacterial activity. A synthetic peptide covering this sequence kills several bacterial species, also at physiological salt concentration, as effectively as the classical human antibacterial peptide LL-37. Moreover, in an animal model of infection, inhibition of the contact system promotes bacterial dissemination and growth. These data identify a novel and important role for the contact system in the defence against invasive bacterial infection.
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| 46. |
-
Grundvattendagarna 2013
- 2013
-
Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Den här rapporten innehåller en sammanställning av abstracts som ligger till underlag för de presentationer som presenterades på konferensen Grundvattendagarna i Lund den 16–17 oktober 2013. Konferensen anordnades av SGU i samarbete med Geologiska institutionen på Lunds uni-versitet och Länsstyrelsen Skåne. Ett av konferensens syften var att få till en bred uppslutning från olika organisationer, myndigheter, konsulter, universitet, etc., och att skapa goda förutsättningar för att överföra kunskap och knyta kontakter för framtida samarbeten. Totalt har inte mindre än 59 olika bidrag kommit in och omfattningen på innehållet är verkligen stort. Det har varit en ära att få anordna konferensen och vi är tacksamma för det stora intresse som ni visat.
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| 47. |
- Göransson, Gunnel, et al.
(författare)
-
Mass transport of contaminated soil released into surface water by landslides (Göta River, SW Sweden)
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1607-7938. ; 16:7, s. 1879-1893
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landslides of contaminated soil into surface water represent an overlooked exposure pathway that has not been addressed properly in existing risk analysis for landslide hazard, contaminated land, or river basin management. A landslide of contaminated soil into surface water implies an instantaneous exposure of the water to the soil, dramatically changing the prerequisites for the mobilisation and transport of pollutants. In this study, an analytical approach is taken to simulate the transport of suspended matter released in connection with landslides into rivers. Different analytical solutions to the advection-dispersion equation (ADE) were tested against the measured data from the shallow rotational, retrogressive landslide in clayey sediments that took place in 1993 on the Göta River, SW Sweden. The landslide encompassed three distinct events, namely an initial submerged slide, followed by a main slide, and a retrogressive slide. These slides generated three distinct and non-Gaussian peaks in the online turbidity recordings at the freshwater intake downstream the slide area. To our knowledge, this registration of the impact on a river of the sediment release from a landslide is one of few of its kind in the world and unique for Sweden. Considering the low frequency of such events, the data from this landslide are highly useful for evaluating how appropriate the ADE is to describe the effects of landslides into surface water. The results yielded realistic predictions of the measured variation in suspended particle matter (SPM) concentration, after proper calibration. For the three individual slides it was estimated that a total of about 0.6% of the total landslide mass went into suspension and was transported downstream. This release corresponds to about 1 to 2% of the annual suspended sediment transport for that river stretch. The studied landslide partly involved an industrial area, and by applying the analytical solution to estimate the transport of metals in the sediments, it was found that landslides may release a significant amount of pollutants if large contaminated areas are involved. However, further studies are needed to develop more detailed descriptions of the transport processes. There is also a need to increase the knowledge on possible environmental consequences in the near and far field, in a short- and long-time perspective. In summary, the release of pollutants should not be neglected in landslide risk assessments.
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| 48. |
- Heinonen, Suvi E, et al.
(författare)
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Animal Models of Diabetic Macrovascular Complications: Key Players in the Development of New Therapeutic Approaches.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Diabetes Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2314-6753 .- 2314-6745. ; 2015
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong, incapacitating metabolic disease associated with chronic macrovascular complications (coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease) and microvascular disorders leading to damage of the kidneys (nephropathy) and eyes (retinopathy). Based on the current trends, the rising prevalence of diabetes worldwide will lead to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Therefore, novel means to prevent and treat these complications are needed. Under the auspices of the IMI (Innovative Medicines Initiative), the SUMMIT (SUrrogate markers for Micro- and Macrovascular hard end points for Innovative diabetes Tools) consortium is working on the development of novel animal models that better replicate vascular complications of diabetes and on the characterization of the available models. In the past years, with the high level of genomic information available and more advanced molecular tools, a very large number of models has been created. Selecting the right model for a specific study is not a trivial task and will have an impact on the study results and their interpretation. This review gathers information on the available experimental animal models of diabetic macrovascular complications and evaluates their pros and cons for research purposes as well as for drug development.
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| 49. |
- Helte, Emilie, et al.
(författare)
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Fluoride in Drinking Water, Diet, and Urine in Relation to Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Incidence in Postmenopausal Women
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 129:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Although randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated that high fluoride increases bone mineral density (BMD) and skeletal fragility, observational studies of low-dose chronic exposure through drinking water (<1.5mg/L, the maximum recommended by the World Health Organization) have been inconclusive.Objective:We assessed associations of fluoride in urine, and intake via diet and drinking water, with BMD and fracture incidence in postmenopausal women exposed to drinking water fluoride ≤1mg/L.Methods:Data were from participants in the Swedish Mammography Cohort–Clinical, a population-based prospective cohort study. At baseline (2004–2009), fluoride exposure was assessed based on urine concentrations (n=4,306) and estimated dietary intake (including drinking water) (n=4,072), and BMD was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Incident fractures were ascertained via register-linkage through 2017. Residential history was collected to identify women with long-term consistent drinking water exposures prior to baseline.Results:At baseline, mean urine fluoride was 1.2mg/g creatinine (±1.9) and mean dietary intake was 2.2mg/d (±0.9), respectively. During follow-up, 850, 529, and 187 cases of any fractures, osteoporotic fractures, and hip fractures, respectively, were ascertained. Baseline BMD was slightly higher among women in the highest vs. lowest tertiles of exposure. Fluoride exposures were positively associated with incident hip fractures, with multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of 1.50 (95% CI: 1.04, 2.17) and 1.59 (95% CI: 1.10, 2.30), for the highest vs. lowest tertiles of urine fluoride and dietary fluoride, respectively. Associations with other fractures were less pronounced for urine fluoride, and null for dietary fluoride. Restricting the analyses to women with consistent long-term drinking water exposures prior to baseline strengthened associations between fractures and urinary fluoride.Discussion:In this cohort of postmenopausal women, the risk of fractures was increased in association with two separate indicators of fluoride exposure. Our findings are consistent with RCTs and suggest that high consumption of drinking water with a fluoride concentration of ∼1mg/L may increase both BMD and skeletal fragility in older women.
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| 50. |
- Henriksson, Greger, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental Policy Instruments Seen as Negotiations
- 2012
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Ingår i: Negotiating Environmental Conflicts. - Frankfurt am Main : Institut für Kulturanthropologie und Europäische Ethnologie. - 0724-4169. - 9783923992836 ; , s. 83-105-
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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