| 1. |
- Bladh, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgA and IgG in nasal secretions, saliva and serum
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-3224. ; 15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Several novel vaccine platforms aim at mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract to block SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Standardized methods for mucosal sample collection and quantification of mucosal antibodies are therefore urgently needed for harmonized comparisons and interpretations across mucosal vaccine trials and real-world data.Methods: Using commercial electrochemiluminescence antibody panels, we compared SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgA and IgG in paired saliva, nasal secretions, and serum from 1048 healthcare workers with and without prior infection.Results: Spike-specific IgA correlated well in nasal secretions and saliva (r>0.65, p<0.0001), but the levels were more than three-fold higher in nasal secretions as compared to in saliva (p<0.01). Correlations between the total population of spike-specific IgA and spike-specific secretory IgA (SIgA) were significantly stronger (p<0.0001) in nasal secretions (r=0.96, p<0.0001) as opposed to in saliva (r=0.77, p<0.0001), and spike-specific IgA correlated stronger (p<0.0001) between serum and saliva (r=0.73, p<0.001) as opposed to between serum and nasal secretions (r=0.54, p<0.001), suggesting transudation of monomeric spike specific IgA from the circulation to saliva. Notably, spike-specific SIgA had a markedly higher SARS-CoV-2 variant cross-binding capacity as compared to the total population of spike specific IgA and IgG in both nasal secretions, saliva and serum, (all p<0.0001), which emphasizes the importance of taking potential serum derived monomeric IgA into consideration when investigating mucosal immune responses.Discussion: Taken together, although spike-specific IgA can be reliably measured in both nasal secretions and saliva, our findings imply an advantage of higher levels and likely also a larger proportion of SIgA in nasal secretions as compared to in saliva. We further corroborate the superior variant cross-binding capacity of SIgA in mucosal secretions, highlighting the potential protective benefits of a vaccine targeting the upper respiratory tract.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Bring, Arvid, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects on groundwater storage of restoring, constructing or draining wetlands in temperate and boreal climates: a systematic review
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2047-2382. ; 11:1
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drainage activities have caused widespread wetland loss, groundwater drawdown and impairment of ecosystem services. There are now several national programs for wetland restoration, primarily focused on reintroducing ecosystem services such as habitats and nutrient retention. In Sweden, recent dry summers have also reinforced interest in hydrological functions such as the potential for enhanced groundwater storage, both in and around the wetland. However, there are several knowledge gaps regarding groundwater storage effects of restoration, including if they extend beyond the wetland and how they vary with local conditions. Therefore, we have systematically reviewed groundwater storage effects from the interventions of restoring, constructing or draining boreo-temperate wetlands. Drainage was included primarily to evaluate to what degree restoration can reverse drainage effects. Methods: We searched 8 databases for scientific journal publications in English, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, French, German and Polish. Gray literature was searched in English and Swedish. Articles were included based on their relevance for Swedish conditions, i.e., in previously glaciated areas with boreal or temperate climate. Extracted outcome data were groundwater level changes, along with other variables including type of wetland and intervention and, when reported, distance between sampling point and intervention. Meta-analyses were conducted separately for studies that reported groundwater levels at different distances and studies that reported overall effects. Included studies were subject to critical appraisal to evaluate their susceptibility to bias, primarily selection bias, performance bias, and detection bias. Critical appraisal results were used in sensitivity analysis. Review findings: Out of 11,288 screened records, 224 articles fulfilled the criteria, and from these, 146 studies were included in meta-analysis. Most studies (89%) investigated peatlands, primarily from Finland, the UK and Canada. Restoration and drainage studies were equally common. Only nine studies reported measurements beyond the wetland area. Our synthesis is therefore primarily focused on effects within wetlands. In peatland restoration, the observed groundwater level rise decreased exponentially with distance from the restored ditch and was reduced to 50% after 9 [95% confidence interval: 5, 26] m. Drainage reached somewhat farther, with 50% of the groundwater drawdown remaining at 21 [11, 64] m. On average, restoration increased groundwater levels by 22 [16, 28] cm near the intervention, whereas drainage caused a drawdown of 19 [10, 27] cm. Assuming that sampling was unbiased, effects were similar for bogs, fens and mires. Restricting the meta-analysis to the 58% of studies that were of high validity did not alter conclusions. Conclusions: Effects of peatland restoration and drainage were of similar magnitudes but opposite directions. This indicates that, on average, rewetting of drained peatlands can be expected to restore groundwater levels near the ditch. However, restoration may not reach all the area affected by drainage, and there was a strong dependence on local context. For managers of wetland projects, it is thus important to follow up and monitor restoration effects and reinforce the intervention if necessary. Our results also point to a need for better impact evaluation if increased storage beyond the restored wetland area is desired.
|
|
| 7. |
- Bring, Arvid, et al.
(författare)
-
Groundwater storage effects from restoring, constructing or draining wetlands in temperate and boreal climates: a systematic review protocol
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2047-2382. ; 9:1
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wetlands in many parts of the world have been degraded, as use of the land for food production and forestry for human needs have taken precedence. Drainage of wetlands has led to deteriorated wetland conditions and lowered water tables. Across the world, there are several programs for wetland restoration and construction, primarily to reintroduce lost habitats for wildlife, and to obtain nutrient retention functions. In Sweden, recent dry and hot summers have reinforced interest in the hydrological functions that wetlands may have, in particular as potential support for water storage in the landscape and added groundwater storage during dry periods. However, the agreement on substantial effects on groundwater is limited, and there are several critical knowledge gaps, including the extent to which such effects extend outside the wetland itself, and how they vary with local conditions, such as topography, soil, and climate. Therefore, this review will address the groundwater storage effect of restoring, constructing or draining wetlands in the boreo-temperate region. Methods: We will conduct a systematic review of the evidence, drawing on both peer-reviewed and grey literature. Articles in English, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, French, German and Polish will be retrieved from academic databases, Google Scholar, and websites of specialist organizations. We will screen literature in two stages, first at the title and abstract level and then in full text, the latter with blinded decisions by two independent reviewers for all articles. Articles will be included based on relevance criteria for a Swedish context: wetlands on previously glaciated soils in boreal and temperate climates. Data will be extracted from all included articles, including wetland type, intervention type, and hydrogeological setting. Studies will be subject to critical appraisal to evaluate their susceptibility to bias. Provided enough evidence of sufficient reliability, we will carry out meta-analyses of effect sizes in relation to various factors. The review will include a narrative synthesis in which we summarize the results of the review.
|
|
| 8. |
- Dahle, Charlotte, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
-
Methods of choice for diagnostic antinuclear antibody (ANA) screening : Benefit of adding antigen-specific assays to immunofluorescence microscopy
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of Autoimmunity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0896-8411 .- 1095-9157. ; 22:3, s. 241-248
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. To evaluate and compare the performances of three enzyme-immunoassays (EIAs) and a double radial immunodiffusion (DRID) test in addition to immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy for routine laboratory screening of patient sera sent for antinuclear antibody (ANA) analysis. Methods. 3079 consecutive patient sera sent for routine testing of ANA were analysed by IF microscopy on HEp-2 cells (IF-ANA), three different ANA-EIAs, and a DRID test for antibodies against extractable nuclear antigens. The IF-ANA and DRID tests were regarded as reference methods. Results. By IF-ANA and/or DRID, 375 sera (12%) turned out ANA-positive. A further 171 sera (6%) were positive by EIA, but could not be confirmed either by IF microscopy or DRID. 32 of the 375 ANA-positive (9%) sera were negative by IF microscopy, but had precipitating antibodies against Ro/SS-A (52 and/or 60 kD). Conclusions. Different assays for ANA analysis give overlapping results to a certain extent, but are by no means interchangeable. Thus, different ANA tests reflect different aspects of these autoantibodies. The diagnostic utility of ANA testing still mainly refers to IF-microscopy and precipitin tests. IF-ANA should not be abandoned as the golden standard in clinical routine, until diagnostic and classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus and other systemic inflammatory autoimmune diseases have been revised. However, in addition we strongly advocate that a specific test for anti-Ro/SS-A antibodies is always included.
|
|
| 9. |
- Envall, Ida, et al.
(författare)
-
Existing evidence related to soil retention of phosphorus from on-site wastewater treatment systems in boreal and temperate climate zones : a systematic map
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - : Springer Nature. - 2047-2382. ; 12:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In Sweden there are nearly one million soil-based on-site wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs). OWTSs may contribute to eutrophication of surface waters, due to the discharge of phosphorus (P). Hence, in certain cases, a high P removal rate (up to 90%) of OWTSs is required by Swedish authorities. Since these requirements may have costly consequences to property owners, it is debated whether they are too strict. In this debate, it is often claimed that the soil retention of P occurring in the natural environments may be underestimated by authorities. Soil retention is the inhibition of the transport of P through the ground, due to different chemical, physical and biological processes occurring there. These processes make the P transport slower, which may reduce the unwanted impact on receiving water bodies. However, the efficiency of soil retention of P remains unclear. The objective of this systematic map was to collect, code, organise and elucidate the relevant evidence related to the topic, to be able to guide stakeholders through the evidence base, and to support future research synthesising, commissioning, and funding. The systematic map was carried out in response to needs declared by the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management but the conclusions should be valid for a wider range of countries across boreo-temperate regions.Methods: Searches were made for peer-reviewed and grey literature using bibliographic databases, search engines, specialist websites, and stakeholder contacts. The references were screened for relevance according to a predefined set of eligibility criteria. A detailed database of the relevant studies was compiled. Data and metadata that enable evaluation and discussion of the character and quality of the evidence base were extracted and coded. Special focus was placed on assessing if existing evidence could contribute to policy and practice decision making. Descriptive information about the evidence base was presented in tables and figures. An interactive evidence atlas and a choropleth were created, displaying the locations of all studies.Review findings: 234 articles out of 10,797 screened records fulfilled the eligibility criteria. These articles contain 256 studies, performed in the field or in the laboratory. Six different study types were identified, based on where the measurements were conducted. Most studies, including laboratory studies, lack replicates. Most field studies are observational case studies.Conclusions: It is not possible to derive valid generic measures of the efficiency of soil retention of P occurring in the natural soil environment from available research. Neither does the evidence base allow for answering the question of the magnitude of the potential impact of OWTSs on the P concentration in recipients on a general basis, or under what conditions OWTSs generally have such an impact. A compilation of groundwater studies may provide examples of how far the P may reach in x years, but the number of groundwater studies is insufficient to draw any general conclusions, given the complexity and variability of the systems. Future research should strive for replicated study designs, more elaborate reporting, and the establishment of a reporting standard.
|
|
| 10. |
- Envall, Ida, et al.
(författare)
-
What is the effect of giving the grazers access to additional nutrient sources on biodiversity in semi-natural pastures? A systematic review protocol
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2047-2382. ; 10:1
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Semi-natural pastures are unfertilized grasslands with a long history of traditional low-input grazing management. This kind of pastures are recognized for their high species richness. However, as a consequence of modernization of agriculture, many of the semi-natural pastures have been lost during the last century, leading to a serious threat to farmland biodiversity. Semi-natural pastures are relatively low in productivity. Hence, to increase profitability, farmers may want to give the grazing animals access to additional nutrient sources. This can be done either as supplementary feeding, or by fencing the semi-natural pastures into the same enclosure as improved, more nutrient-rich, pastures. These practices are, however, controversial. It is argued that since semi-natural pastures are species-rich partly because they are nutrient-poor, introducing additional nutrients into the system should be avoided. Accordingly, in Sweden, these interventions are often prohibited while receiving financial subsidies for management of semi-natural pastures. However, since many farmers are dependent on such support to maintain their pastures, these prohibitions often cause problems. The question has been raised whether giving the grazers access to additional nutrient sources really affect the biodiversity in semi-natural pastures, as is assumed. The primary aim of the proposed systematic review is to answer this question.Method: Peer-reviewed and grey literature will be searched for using bibliographic databases, search engines, specialist websites and stakeholder contacts. The references will be screened for relevance according to a predefined set of eligibility criteria. The criteria will be tested and clarified iteratively, until consistency in interpretations is achieved. Thereafter, the literature will be screened in two stages, first based upon title and abstract and then by examining full texts. Full text screening will be performed with blinded decisions by two independent reviewers. Each relevant study will then be critically appraised, based on a set of predefined validity criteria. A narrative synthesis will be provided, outlining the evidence base in terms of bibliographic information and study metadata. If possible, quantitative syntheses based on meta-analyses will be performed. Identified relevant knowledge gaps will be highlighted and discussed.
|
|
| 11. |
- Erlanson-Albertsson, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
A burning existence
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Hett om kalla fakta. - 9173070335 ; , s. 133-133
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Havervall, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
-
Antibody responses after a single dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in healthcare workers previously infected with SARS-CoV-2
- 2021
-
Ingår i: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3964. ; 70
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Recent reports demonstrate robust serological responses to a single dose of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Data on immune responses following a single-dose adenovirus-vectored vaccine expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) in individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection are however limited, and current guidelines recommend a two-dose regimen regardless of preexisting immunity. Methods: We compared RBD-specific IgG and RBD-ACE2 blocking antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 wild type and variants of concern following two doses of the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 in SARS-CoV-2 naive healthcare workers (n=65) and a single dose of the adenovector vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in 82 healthcare workers more than (n=45) and less than (n=37) 11 months post mild SARS-CoV-2 infection at time of vaccination. Findings: The post-vaccine levels of RBD-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 wild type and variants of concern including Delta lineage 1.617.2 were similar or higher in participants receiving a single dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine post SARS-CoV-2 infection (both more than and less than 11 months post infection) compared to SARS-CoV-2 naive participants who received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine. Interpretation: Our data support that a single dose ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine that is administered up to at least 11 months post SARS-CoV-2 infection serves as an effective immune booster. This provides a possible rationale for a single-dose vaccine regimen. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
|
|
| 14. |
- Havervall, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on vaccine-induced immune responses over time
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Clinical & Translational Immunology (CTI). - : Wiley. - 2050-0068. ; 11:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To determine the long-term impact of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on immune responses after COVID-19 vaccination. Methods. Using longitudinally collected blood samples from the COMMUNITY study, we determined binding (WHO BAU mL(-1)) and neutralising antibody titres against ten SARS-CoV-2 variants over 7 months following BNT162b2 in SARS-CoV-2-recovered (n = 118) and SARS-CoV-2-naive (n = 289) healthcare workers with confirmed prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. A smaller group with (n = 47) and without (n = 60) confirmed prior SARS-CoV-2 infection receiving ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 was followed for 3 months. SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T-cell responses were investigated in a subset of SARS-CoV-2-naive and SARS-CoV-2-recovered vaccinees. Results. Vaccination with both vaccine platforms resulted in substantially enhanced T-cell responses, anti-spike IgG responses and neutralising antibodies effective against ten SARS-CoV-2 variants in SARS-CoV-2-recovered participants as compared to SARS-CoV-2-naive participants. The enhanced immune responses sustained over 7 months following vaccination. Conclusion. These findings imply that prior SARS-CoV-2 infection should be taken into consideration when planning booster doses and design of current and future COVID-19 vaccine programmes.
|
|
| 15. |
- Havervall, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
-
Robust humoral and cellular immune responses and low risk for reinfection at least 8 months following asymptomatic to mild COVID-19
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 291:1, s. 72-80
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Emerging data support detectable immune responses for months after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination, but it is not yet established to what degree and for how long protection against reinfection lasts.Methods: We investigated SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immune responses more than 8 months post-asymptomatic, mild and severe infection in a cohort of 1884 healthcare workers (HCW) and 51 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Possible protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection was analyzed by a weekly 3-month polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening of 252 HCW that had seroconverted 7 months prior to start of screening and 48 HCW that had remained seronegative at multiple time points.Results: All COVID-19 patients and 96% (355/370) of HCW who were anti-spike IgG positive at inclusion remained anti-spike IgG positive at the 8-month follow-up. Circulating SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cell responses were detected in 88% (45/51) of COVID-19 patients and in 63% (233/370) of seropositive HCW. The cumulative incidence of PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was 1% (3/252) among anti-spike IgG positive HCW (0.13 cases per 100 weeks at risk) compared to 23% (11/48) among anti-spike IgG negative HCW (2.78 cases per 100 weeks at risk), resulting in a protective effect of 95.2% (95% CI 81.9%-99.1%).Conclusions: The vast majority of anti-spike IgG positive individuals remain anti-spike IgG positive for at least 8 months regardless of initial COVID-19 disease severity. The presence of anti-spike IgG antibodies is associated with a substantially reduced risk of reinfection up to 9 months following asymptomatic to mild COVID-19.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Marking, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
-
Correlates of protection and viral load trajectories in omicron breakthrough infections in triple vaccinated healthcare workers
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vaccination offers protection against severe COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 omicron but is less effective against infection. Characteristics such as serum antibody titer correlation to protection, viral abundance and clearance of omicron infection in vaccinated individuals are scarce. We present a 4-week twice-weekly SARS-CoV-2 qPCR screening in 368 triple vaccinated healthcare workers. Spike-specific IgG levels, neutralization titers and mucosal spike-specific IgA-levels were determined at study start and qPCR-positive participants were sampled repeatedly for two weeks. 81 (cumulative incidence 22%) BA.1, BA.1.1 and BA.2 infections were detected. High serum antibody titers are shown to be protective against infection (p < 0.01), linked to reduced viral load (p < 0.01) and time to viral clearance (p < 0.05). Pre-omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection is independently associated to increased protection against omicron, largely mediated by mucosal spike specific IgA responses (nested models lr test p = 0.02 and 0.008). Only 10% of infected participants remain asymptomatic through the course of their infection. We demonstrate that high levels of vaccine-induced spike-specific WT antibodies are linked to increased protection against infection and to reduced viral load if infected, and suggest that the additional protection offered by pre-omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection largely is mediated by mucosal spike-specific IgA.
|
|
| 18. |
- Marking, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
-
Duration of SARS-CoV-2 Immune Responses Up to Six Months Following Homologous or Heterologous Primary Immunization with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccines
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Vaccines. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-393X. ; 10:3, s. 359-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heterologous primary immunization against SARS-CoV-2 is part of applied recommendations. However, little is known about duration of immune responses after heterologous vaccine regimens. To evaluate duration of immune responses after primary vaccination with homologous adeno-vectored ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (ChAd) or heterologous ChAd/BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine (BNT), anti-spike-IgG and SARS-CoV-2 VOC-neutralizing antibody responses were measured in 354 healthcare workers (HCW) at 2 weeks, 3 months, 5 months and 6 months after the second vaccine dose. T-cell responses were investigated using a whole blood interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) release assay 2 weeks and 3 months post second vaccine dose. Two hundred and ten HCW immunized with homologous BNT were enrolled for comparison of antibody responses. In study participants naive to SARS-CoV-2 prior to vaccination, heterologous ChAd/BNT resulted in 6-fold higher peak anti-spike IgG antibody titers compared to homologous ChAd vaccination. The half-life of antibody titers was 3.1 months (95% CI 2.8-3.6) following homologous ChAd vaccination and 1.9 months (95% CI 1.7-2.1) after heterologous vaccination, reducing the GMT difference between the groups to 3-fold 6 months post vaccination. Peak T-cell responses were stronger in ChAd/BNT vaccinees, but no significant difference was observed 3 months post vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to vaccination resulted in substantially higher peak GMTs and IFN-gamma levels and enhanced SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody and T cell responses over time. Heterologous primary SARS-CoV-2 immunization with ChAd and BNT elicits a stronger initial immune response compared to homologous vaccination with ChAd. However, although the differences in humoral responses remain over 6 months, the difference in SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses are no longer significant three months after vaccination.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Reis, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
-
Compliance with SSRI medication during 6 months of treatment for major depression : an evaluation by determination of repeated serum drug concentrations
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 82:3, s. 443-446
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A recent estimation in a psychiatric cohort showed numbers of noncompliance between 10% and 60%. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is one method assessing compliance by analysis of drug concentration in the blood.Method: During a 24-week phase IV clinical trial, five repeated serum samples of sertraline (SERT) and N-desmethylsertraline (DSERT), trough values in steady state, were collected per patient. Previous results show that the intraindividual variation over time of the ratio DSERT/SERT is low. Hence, we hypothesized that significant partial noncompliance could be scrutinized further by an assessment of the DSERT/SERT ratio. The main aim was to test the applicability of a novel type of TDM procedure based on repeated metabolite/parent compound ratio measurements.Result: 9.4% of the per-protocol population in the trial (n=96) were in either hidden total (n=4) or hidden partial (n=5) noncompliance. Only by using the novel TDM ratio screening method could a majority of these patients be identified.
|
|
| 22. |
- Reis, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
-
Serum disposition of sertraline, N-desmethylsertraline and paroxetine : a pharmacokinetic evaluation of repeated drug concentration measurements during 6 months of treatment for major depression
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Human Psychopharmacology. - : Wiley. - 0885-6222 .- 1099-1077. ; 19:5, s. 283-291
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sertraline and paroxetine are frequently prescribed SSRIs for long-term treatment of major depression. Nevertheless, continuous follow-ups of drug concentrations prevailing in patients during the whole treatment period are not available. Hence, in a large phase IV clinical trial, a total of 353 patients with major depression were enrolled for a 6-month comparison of sertraline (50–150 mg daily) and paroxetine (20–60 mg daily). The present study reports the pharmacokinetic results of up to eight serum samples per patient.1 A profound variability was found in the interindividual steady state and trough serum levels of sertraline, desmethylsertraline and paroxetine: the coefficient of variation (CV) was 59% for sertraline, 51% for desmethylsertraline, 27% for the ratio desmethylsertraline/sertraline (50 mg/day), and 71% for paroxetine (20 mg/day). The intraindividual CV for the ratio desmethylsertraline/sertraline was only 19%, indicating intraindividual metabolizing stability over time. Both sertraline and paroxetine displayed sex differences in the dose-concentration correlation.2 It was possible to predict sertraline, but not paroxetine, steady state levels.3 The terminal elimination t½ for both drugs after 6 months of treatments was similar to data previously reported from short-term withdrawal studies.4 No correlation between serum drug concentrations and clinical effect was detected for either sertraline or paroxetine.For the future, continuous efforts are warranted to perform PK investigations in the natural clinical setting in which the drugs are usually prescribed.
|
|
| 23. |
- Tevell Åberg, Annica, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
A mass spectromeric study on meloxicam metabolism in horses and the fungus Cunninghamella elegans, and the relevance of this microbial system as a model of drug metabolism in the horse
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Mass Spectrometry. - : Wiley. - 1076-5174 .- 1096-9888. ; 44:7, s. 1026-1037
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a study where the metabolism of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug meloxicam was investigated in six horses and in the filamentous fungus Cunninghamella elegans. The metabolites identified were compared between the species, and then the fungus was used to produce larger amounts of the metabolites for future use as reference material. C. elegans proved to be a good model of phase I meloxicam metabolism in horses since all four metabolites found were the same in both species. Apart from the two main metabolites, 5'-hydroxymethylmeloxicam and 5'-carboxymeloxicam, a second isomer of hydroxymeloxicam and dihydroxylated meloxicam were detected for the first time in horse urine and the microbial incubations. Phase II metabolites were not discovered in the C. elegans samples but hydroxymeloxicam glucuronide was detected intact in horse urine for the first time in this study. Urine from six horses was further analyzed in a semi-quantitative sense and 5'-hydroxymethylmeloxicam gave peaks with much higher intensity compared to the parent drug and the other metabolites, and was detected for at least 14 days after the last given dose in some of the horses. From the results presented in this article, we suggest that analytical methods developed for the detection of meloxicam in horse urine after prohibited use should focus on the 5'-hydroxymethyl metabolite and that C. elegans can be used to produce large amounts of this metabolite for potential future use as a reference compound.
|
|
| 24. |
- Torell, Anna, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of a digital-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention in individuals with axial spondyloarthritis – a randomized controlled pilot study (RCT)
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - The EULAR journal 2023. ; , s. 1049-1049
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Physical exercise is an important treatment for individuals with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Although high-intensity training (HIT) has been shown to reduce disease symptoms and risk of comorbidity without exacerbating disease activity (1), compliance tends to decrease over time. Increased knowledge is needed on how to optimize and tailor individual exercise programs for continued regular exercising and improved health.Objective: To study the effects of HIT on aerobic capacity, body composition, disease activity, physical function, health status and fatigue in individuals with axSpA after a 12-week intervention supported by digital coaching.Methods: Twenty-two individuals (women, n=12), recruited from two rheumatology clinics in southern Sweden, were randomized to a HIT intervention group (HG; n=11) or a control group (CG; n=11). The HG completed three HIT sessions/week, including two interval training sessions (4x4 min), in self-selected activities for 12 weeks. The individuals in the HG were individually coached and had regular support from a physical therapist primarily by digital coaching. The CG continued exercising as usual. Assessment of aerobic capacity (VO2max), body composition (BMI and visceral fat area [cm2]), disease activity (CRP [µg/ml], BASDAI, 0-10 best-worst), physical function (BASFI, 0-10 best-worst), health status (EQ5D, 0-1 worst-best, ASAS health index [ASAS-HI], 0-17 best-worst), and fatigue (fatigue severity scale [FFS], 0-7 best-worst) were sampled at baseline and after 12 weeks. Mean and standard deviation (SD) were used for descriptive statistics. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate effect of group (HG*CG) and time (PRE*POST), with a post-hoc analysis using t-tests when ANOVA indicated a significant difference in main effects or interactions. A significance level of p≤0.05 was used. Fisher´s exact test was used to study the effects over time for CRP (as dichotomized variable, > or < 4 µg/ml).Results: Results presented are part of an ongoing RCT based on 19 individuals (women n=11) that have completed the 12-week follow-up analyses. The participants mean (SD) age was 48 (10) years, BMI 25 (4), VO2max 37 (6) mlO2/kg/min, and BASDAI 2.6 (0.3). No differences were present between the HG (n=9) and the CG group (n=10) at baseline for the studied variables. After 12 weeks of HIT an ANOVA interaction (p<0.05 showed that HG increased their VO2max (6.4 [3.6] mlO2/kg/min; p<0.001) but CG did not. For BMI, visceral fat area, disease activity (BASDAI), physical function (BASFI), fatigue (FFS) no differences in main effects or interactions were found (p>0.05). Health status (EQ5D) showed an ANOVA time main effect (p=0.007) where the HG increased their health status (0.10 [0.06] units; p=0.02) after 12-weeks, but CG did not. For health status measured with ASAS-HI no differences between groups were found. For dichotomized CRP-values no differences were found in either of the group’s pre-post. Conclusions: This pilot RCT shows that after 12 weeks of digital-based HIT intervention, the HG increased their aerobic capacity and EQ5D health status compared to CG, while body composition, disease activity, physical function, and fatigue did not show any significant differences between the groups. References(1) Sveaas SH, Bilberg a, Berg IJ, Provan SA, Rollefstad S, Semb AG, et al. high intensity exercise for 3 months reduces disease activity in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA): a multicentre randomised trial of 100 patients. Br J Sports med. 2019
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
- Vikström, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
-
Vaccine-induced correlate of protection against fatal COVID-19 in older and frail adults during waves of neutralization-resistant variants of concern : an observational study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: The Lancet Regional Health. - : Elsevier. - 2666-7762. ; 30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To inform future preventive measures including repeated vaccinations, we have searched for a clinically useful immune correlate of protection against fatal COVID-19 among nursing homes residents.METHODS: We performed repeated capillary blood sampling with analysis of S-binding IgG in an open cohort of nursing home residents in Sweden. We analyzed immunological and registry data from 16 September 2021 to 31 August 2022 with follow-up of deaths to 30 September 2022. The study period included implementation of the 3rd and 4th mRNA monovalent vaccine doses and Omicron virus waves.FINDINGS: A total of 3012 nursing home residents with median age 86 were enrolled. The 3rd mRNA dose elicited a 99-fold relative increase of S-binding IgG in blood and corresponding increase of neutralizing antibodies. The 4th mRNA vaccine dose boosted levels 3.8-fold. Half-life of S-binding IgG was 72 days. A total 528 residents acquired their first SARS-CoV-2 infection after the 3rd or the 4th vaccine dose and the associated 30-day mortality was 9.1%. We found no indication that levels of vaccine-induced antibodies protected against infection with Omicron VOCs. In contrast, the risk of death was inversely correlated to levels of S-directed IgG below the 20th percentile. The death risk plateaued at population average above the lower 35th percentile of S-binding IgG.INTERPRETATION: In the absence of neutralizing antibodies that protect from infection, quantification of S-binding IgG post vaccination may be useful to identify the most vulnerable for fatal COVID-19 among the oldest and frailest. This information is of importance for future strategies to protect vulnerable populations against neutralization resistant variants of concern.FUNDING: Swedish Research Council, SciLifeLab via Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, VINNOVA. Swedish Healthcare Regions, and Erling Persson Foundation.
|
|
| 27. |
- Åberg, Ida, et al.
(författare)
-
Green thumb and other metaphors: Exploring urban-nature relationships
- 2017
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper explores metaphors used when organizing the meanings of agriculture and gardening generally, and urban agriculture in particular. Urban agriculture is, according to common interpretations in research, an activity that urban dwellers can use to de-alienate or re-appropriate the relationship with nature, thus implying there was ever a real or more accurate relationship between humans and nature. Urban relationship to vegetation is often expressed as ambiguous, where the urban dwellers have little or no relationship to plants. One interviewee typically stated about himself: “Imagine that a kid from the concrete jungle can get a green thumb”. The metaphors ‘concrete jungle’ and a ‘green thumb’ relate to the place where the respondent reside and the type of nature available (the jungle), but also relate to qualities attached to human bodies. The ‘green thumb’ can thus be interpreted as both the physical link between plants and human bodies and a symbolic understanding of nature. Metaphors are of critical importance in political studies, not only in determining institutional politics, but also in the mapping of how the production of meaning as such is political. Metaphors will be studied here to explore imaginaries placing humans beside or within nature. Metaphors do not only transfer meaning; they also shape the relations between subjects or objects.
|
|
| 28. |
- Åberg, Ida, 1989-
(författare)
-
Imagining Urban Gardening Space : An Ethnographic Study of Urban Gardening in Sweden
- 2019
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Urban gardening is a phenomenon that increasingly occupies the limited space in cities. In discourse, urban gardening is constructed as a positive element and as something that can build a productive environment in urban areas. However, using urban space for gardening raises questions about the delimitations of public space. This thesis examines the boundaries for gardening practices in urban public space by mapping out the dominant descriptions of the phenomenon and then analyzing how some articulations make it possible for citizens to claim urban space for gardening. The study uses an ethnographic approach and the empirical material includes participant observations at an urban garden in Stockholm as well as articulations found in the media, interviews, and social media posts as well as participant observations at urban gardens, expos and seminars on urban gardening. The theoretical framework is informed by poststructuralist discourse theory, psychoanalysis and critical geography. The main results show that urban gardens renegotiate boundaries of property due to their semi-public character. Furthermore, affective bindings in the garden create a fantasy of an authentic relationship with nature, which gives force to the positive discourse of urban gardening and makes it possible for urban gardens to inhabit urban public space.
|
|
