| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Andersson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Local and Systemic Immunity During Five Vaccinations Against SARS-CoV-2 in Zanubrutinib-Treated Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Hematology. - : Elmer Press, Inc.. - 1927-1212 .- 1927-1220. ; 12:4, s. 170-175
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and are at risk of inferior response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination, especially if treated with the first-generation Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) ibrutinib. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the third-generation BTKi, zanubrutinib, on systemic and mucosal response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Methods: Nine patients with CLL with ongoing zanubrutinib therapy were included and donated blood and saliva during SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, before vaccine doses 3 and 5 and 2 - 3 weeks after doses 3, 4, and 5. Ibrutinib-treated control patients (n = 7) and healthy aged-matched controls (n = 7) gave blood 2 - 3 weeks after vaccine dose 5. We quantified reactivity and neutralization capacity of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and IgA antibodies (Abs) in both serum and saliva, and reactivity of T cells activated with viral peptides.Results: Both zanubrutinib- and ibrutinib-treated patients had significantly, up to 1,000-fold, lower total spike-specific Ab levels after dose 5 compared to healthy controls (P < 0.01). Spike-IgG levels in serum from zanubrutinib-treated patients correlated well to neutralization capacity (r = 0.68; P < 0.0001) and were thus functional. Mucosal immunity (specific IgA in serum and saliva) was practically absent in zanubrutinib-treated patients even after five vaccine doses, whereas healthy controls had significantly higher levels (tested in serum after vaccine dose 5) (P < 0.05). In contrast, T-cell reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 peptides was equally high in zanubrutinib- and ibrutinib-treated patients as in healthy control donors.Conclusions: In our small cohort of zanubrutinib-treated CLL patients, we conclude that up to five doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induced no detectable IgA mucosal immunity, which likely will impair the primary barrier defence against the infection. Systemic IgG responses were also impaired, whereas T-cell responses were normal. Further and larger studies are needed to evaluate the impact of these findings on disease protection.
|
|
| 3. |
- Anniballi, F., et al.
(författare)
-
Management of animal botulism outbreaks : From clinical suspicion to practical countermeasures to prevent or minimize outbreaks
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Biosecurity and bioterrorism. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1538-7135 .- 1557-850X. ; 11:SUPPL. 1, s. S191-S199
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Botulism is a severe neuroparalytic disease that affects humans, all warm-blooded animals, and some fishes. The disease is caused by exposure to toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum and other botulinum toxin-producing clostridia. Botulism in animals represents a severe environmental and economic concern because of its high mortality rate. Moreover, meat or other products from affected animals entering the food chain may result in a public health problem. To this end, early diagnosis is crucial to define and apply appropriate veterinary public health measures. Clinical diagnosis is based on clinical findings eliminating other causes of neuromuscular disorders and on the absence of internal lesions observed during postmortem examination. Since clinical signs alone are often insufficient to make a definitive diagnosis, laboratory confirmation is required. Botulinum antitoxin administration and supportive therapies are used to treat sick animals. Once the diagnosis has been made, euthanasia is frequently advisable. Vaccine administration is subject to health authorities' permission, and it is restricted to a small number of animal species. Several measures can be adopted to prevent or minimize outbreaks. In this article we outline all phases of management of animal botulism outbreaks occurring in wet wild birds, poultry, cattle, horses, and fur farm animals. © 2013, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
|
|
| 4. |
- Brænne, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
-
Dynamic changes in immune gene co-expression networks predict development of type 1 diabetes
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11, s. 1-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Significant progress has been made in elucidating genetic risk factors influencing Type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, features other than genetic variants that initiate and/or accelerate islet autoimmunity that lead to the development of clinical T1D remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that genetic and environmental risk factors can both contribute to T1D through dynamic alterations of molecular interactions in physiologic networks. To test this hypothesis, we utilized longitudinal blood transcriptomic profiles in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study to generate gene co-expression networks. In network modules that contain immune response genes associated with T1D, we observed highly dynamic differences in module connectivity in the 600 days (~ 2 years) preceding clinical diagnosis of T1D. Our results suggest that gene co-expression is highly plastic and that connectivity differences in T1D-associated immune system genes influence the timing and development of clinical disease.
|
|
| 5. |
- Cedervall, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
-
Timed Up-and-Go Dual-Task Testing in the Assessment of Cognitive Function : A Mixed Methods Observational Study for Development of the UDDGait Protocol
- 2020
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New methods to screen for and identify early-stage dementia disorders are highly sought after. The purpose of this pilot study is to develop a study protocol for a dual-task test aimed at aiding the early detection of dementia disorders. We used the Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test, which is a mobility task involving starting in a sitting position, standing up, walking three meters to cross a line on the floor, turning around, walking back and sitting down again. We combined TUG with the verbal task of naming different animals. Pilot study participants were 43 individuals with and without established dementia diagnoses who attended a clinic for memory assessment. Video-recorded test performances were systematically analysed. Deviant test performances concerning the interplay between test administration and participants' responses to the assessment instructions were revealed and led to refinements being made to the final study protocol. Exploration of the dual-task test outcome measures in a sub-sample of 22 persons, ten with and twelve without dementia, indicated that step-length and number of named animals after the turning point of the dual-task test might constitute appropriate measures for examining this kind of sample. We concluded that the refined study protocol is feasible for testing individuals undergoing initial memory assessments and healthy controls. Follow-up studies with larger samples are being carried out and will bring new knowledge to this area of research. It may also provide an opportunity for further studies exploring possibilities for broad clinical implementation.
|
|
| 6. |
- Gradin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Urinary cytokines correlate with acute kidney injury in critically ill COVID-19 patients
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Cytokine. - : Springer Nature. - 1043-4666 .- 1096-0023. ; 146
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury is common in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU. Urinary biomarkers are a non-invasive way of assaying renal damage, and so far, urinary cytokines are not fully investigated. The current study aimed to assess urinary cytokine levels in COVID-19 patients.METHODS: Urine was collected from COVID-19 patients (n = 29) in intensive care and compared to a preoperative group of patients (n = 9) with no critical illness. 92 urinary cytokines were analyzed in multiplex using the Olink Target 96 inflammation panel and compared to clinical characteristics, and urinary markers of kidney injury.RESULTS: There were strong correlations between proinflammatory cytokines and between urinary cytokines and urinary kidney injury markers in 29 COVID-19 patients. Several cytokines were correlated to kidney injury, 31 cytokines to AKI stage and 19 cytokines correlated to maximal creatinine.CONCLUSIONS: Urinary inflammatory cytokines from a wide range of immune cell lineages were significantly upregulated during COVID-19 and the upregulation correlated with acute kidney injury as well as urinary markers of kidney tissue damage.
|
|
| 7. |
- Havervall, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
-
Robust humoral and cellular immune responses and low risk for reinfection at least 8 months following asymptomatic to mild COVID-19
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 291:1, s. 72-80
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Emerging data support detectable immune responses for months after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination, but it is not yet established to what degree and for how long protection against reinfection lasts.Methods: We investigated SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immune responses more than 8 months post-asymptomatic, mild and severe infection in a cohort of 1884 healthcare workers (HCW) and 51 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Possible protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection was analyzed by a weekly 3-month polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening of 252 HCW that had seroconverted 7 months prior to start of screening and 48 HCW that had remained seronegative at multiple time points.Results: All COVID-19 patients and 96% (355/370) of HCW who were anti-spike IgG positive at inclusion remained anti-spike IgG positive at the 8-month follow-up. Circulating SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cell responses were detected in 88% (45/51) of COVID-19 patients and in 63% (233/370) of seropositive HCW. The cumulative incidence of PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was 1% (3/252) among anti-spike IgG positive HCW (0.13 cases per 100 weeks at risk) compared to 23% (11/48) among anti-spike IgG negative HCW (2.78 cases per 100 weeks at risk), resulting in a protective effect of 95.2% (95% CI 81.9%-99.1%).Conclusions: The vast majority of anti-spike IgG positive individuals remain anti-spike IgG positive for at least 8 months regardless of initial COVID-19 disease severity. The presence of anti-spike IgG antibodies is associated with a substantially reduced risk of reinfection up to 9 months following asymptomatic to mild COVID-19.
|
|
| 8. |
- Johnson, Randi K., et al.
(författare)
-
Metabolite-related dietary patterns and the development of islet autoimmunity
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of diet in type 1 diabetes development is poorly understood. Metabolites, which reflect dietary response, may help elucidate this role. We explored metabolomics and lipidomics differences between 352 cases of islet autoimmunity (IA) and controls in the TEDDY (The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young) study. We created dietary patterns reflecting pre-IA metabolite differences between groups and examined their association with IA. Secondary outcomes included IA cases positive for multiple autoantibodies (mAb+). The association of 853 plasma metabolites with outcomes was tested at seroconversion to IA, just prior to seroconversion, and during infancy. Key compounds in enriched metabolite sets were used to create dietary patterns reflecting metabolite composition, which were then tested for association with outcomes in the nested case-control subset and the full TEDDY cohort. Unsaturated phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, phosphatidylethanolamines, glucosylceramides, and phospholipid ethers in infancy were inversely associated with mAb+ risk, while dicarboxylic acids were associated with an increased risk. An infancy dietary pattern representing higher levels of unsaturated phosphatidylcholines and phospholipid ethers, and lower sphingomyelins was protective for mAb+ in the nested case-control study only. Characterization of this high-risk infant metabolomics profile may help shape the future of early diagnosis or prevention efforts. © 2019, The Author(s).
|
|
| 9. |
- Krischer, Jeffrey P, et al.
(författare)
-
Predicting Islet Cell Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes : An 8-Year TEDDY Study Progress Report
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1935-5548 .- 0149-5992. ; 42:6, s. 1051-1060
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the predictive power of The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY)-identified risk factors for islet autoimmunity (IA), the type of autoantibody appearing first, and type 1 diabetes (T1D).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 7,777 children were followed from birth to a median of 9.1 years of age for the development of islet autoantibodies and progression to T1D. Time-dependent sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to provide estimates of their individual and collective ability to predict IA and T1D.RESULTS: HLA genotype (DR3/4 vs. others) was the best predictor for IA (Youden's index J = 0.117) and single nucleotide polymorphism rs2476601, in PTPN22, was the best predictor for insulin autoantibodies (IAA) appearing first (IAA-first) (J = 0.123). For GAD autoantibodies (GADA)-first, weight at 1 year was the best predictor (J = 0.114). In a multivariate model, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.678 (95% CI 0.655, 0.701), 0.707 (95% CI 0.676, 0.739), and 0.686 (95% CI 0.651, 0.722) for IA, IAA-first, and GADA-first, respectively, at 6 years. The AUC of the prediction model for T1D at 3 years after the appearance of multiple autoantibodies reached 0.706 (95% CI 0.649, 0.762).CONCLUSIONS: Prediction modeling statistics are valuable tools, when applied in a time-until-event setting, to evaluate the ability of risk factors to discriminate between those who will and those who will not get disease. Although significantly associated with IA and T1D, the TEDDY risk factors individually contribute little to prediction. However, in combination, these factors increased IA and T1D prediction substantially.
|
|
| 10. |
- Liedberg, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Fast-track access to urologic care for patients with macroscopic haematuria is efficient and cost-effective : results from a prospective intervention study
- 2016
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 115, s. 770-775
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:The delay between onset of macroscopic haematuria and diagnosis of bladder cancer is often long.Methods:We evaluated timely diagnosis and health-care costs for patients with macroscopic haematuria given fast-track access to diagnostics. During a 15-month period, a telephone hotline for fast-track diagnostics was provided in nine Swedish municipalities for patients aged ⩾50 years with macroscopic haematuria. The control group comprised 101 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer in the same catchment area with macroscopic haematuria who underwent regular diagnostic process.Results:In all 275 patients who called ‘the Red Phone’ hotline were investigated, and 47 of them (17%) were diagnosed with cancer and 36 of those had bladder cancer. Median time from patient-reported haematuria to diagnosis was 29 (interquartile range (IQR) 14−104) days and 50 (IQR 27−165) days in the intervention and the control group, respectively (P=0.03). The median health-care costs were lower in the intervention group (655 (IQR 655−655) EUR) than in the control group (767 (IQR 490−1096) EUR) (P=0.002).Conclusions:Direct access to urologic expertise and fast-track diagnostics is motivated for patients with macroscopic haematuria to reduce diagnostic intervals and lower health-care expenditures.British Journal of Cancer advance online publication, 25 August 2016; doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.265 www.bjcancer.com.
|
|
| 11. |
- Lindholm, Mark, et al.
(författare)
-
Radiographic and clinical signs of periodontitis and associated bacterial species in a Swedish adolescent population
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 94:5, s. 630-640
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Periodontitis in adolescents has historically been rare in the Nordic countries but could be expected to increase due to changes in demographics. The primary aim was to cross-sectionally examine the presence of radiographic bone loss in adolescents in Västerbotten County, Sweden. The secondary aim was to compare periodontal and microbial parameters, as well as demographic patterns, in controls without bone loss with cases with bone loss.Methods: Adolescents born 2001 and who had a dental examination 2016 (n = 1656) were screened for proximal bone loss using bitewing radiographs taken during dental examinations (2014-2016). Individuals that exhibited proximal bone loss (> 2 mm) were invited to participate in a complete periodontal examination. Subgingival plaque and saliva were also sampled. For each adolescent with bone loss, two healthy individuals as controls were examined. Selected bacterial species in saliva and subgingival plaque were quantitatively examined by quantitative PCR. The subgingival plaque samples were also analysed with cultivation technique.Results: Proximal bone loss was identified in 24 individuals (1.45%) based on all the radiographs. Thirteen of these cases were periodontally examined and matched with 26 controls. Most cases were diagnosed with periodontitis (12/13 [92%]), whereas none of the controls had periodontitis. Higher concentrations and higher prevalence of the bacteria Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Filifactor alocis were generally found in the cases.Conclusion:The results suggest that periodontitis among adolescents, because of demographic differences (an increasingly heterogenous population), in Sweden is increasing and emphasizes the importance of radiographs for early detection of this disease.
|
|
| 12. |
- Mattsson Hultén, Lillemor, 1951, et al.
(författare)
-
15-Lipoxygenase-2 is expressed in macrophages in human carotid plaques and regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha
- 2010
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Investigation. - : Wiley. - 1365-2362 .- 0014-2972. ; 40:1, s. 11-17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Macrophages are prominent in hypoxic areas of atherosclerotic lesions and their secreted cytokines, growth factors and activity of enzymes are involved in atherogenesis. Previously, we showed that 15-lipoxygenase (LOX)-2 is expressed in human monocyte-derived macrophages and that hypoxia increases 15-LOX-2 expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules. Here we investigated whether human carotid plaque macrophages express 15-LOX-2 and whether its expression in macrophages is regulated by hypoxia through hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). Materials and methods Carotid plaques from 47 patients with high-grade symptomatic carotid artery stenosis were analysed using immunohistochemistry, and stained areas were quantified by digital image analysis. Carotid plaque macrophages were isolated with anti-CD14 immunobeads using an immunomagnetic bead technique. Primary macrophages were transfected with HIF-1α siRNA or control siRNA before extraction of RNA and medium analysis. Results In paired tissue sections, the extent of staining for CD68 correlated with staining for 15-LOX-2 but not for 15-LOX-1. In carotid plaque macrophages isolated with anti-CD14 immunobeads, 15-LOX-2 mRNA was expressed at high levels. In primary macrophages, 15-LOX-2 expression was significantly increased by incubation with the HIF-1α stabilizer dimethyloxalylglycine. Knockdown of HIF-1α significantly decreased production of the 15-LOX-2 enzyme products 12- and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. In carotid plaques, HIF-1α staining correlated with staining for 15-LOX-2. Conclusions These results demonstrate that 15-LOX-2 is highly expressed in human plaques and is correlated with the presence of macrophages and HIF-1α. 15-LOX-2 enzyme activity can be modulated by HIF-1α. Thus, increased expression of 15-LOX-2 in macrophages in hypoxic atherosclerotic plaque may enhance inflammation and the recruitment of inflammatory cells.
|
|
| 13. |
- Pemberton, Nils, et al.
(författare)
-
Microwave-assisted synthesis of highly substituted aminomethylated 2-pyridones
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of Organic Chemistry. - Easton, Pa. : American Chemical Society. - 0022-3263 .- 1520-6904. ; 69:23, s. 7830-7835
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By employing microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) efficient conditions to introduce aminomethylene substituents in highly substituted bicyclic 2-pyridones have been established. Primary amino methylene substituents were introduced via a cyanodehalogenation followed by a borane dimethyl sulfide reduction of the afforded nitrile. In both of these transformations, microwave irradiation proved to be superior to traditional conditions and the primary amines were obtained in good overall yields (55-58% over three steps). To incorporate tertiary aminomethylene substituents in the 2-pyridone framework, a microwave-assisted Mannich reaction using preformed iminium salts proved to be effective. Thus highly substituted 2-pyridones were obtained in 48-93% yields.
|
|
| 14. |
- Skarin, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
The workshop on animal botulism in europe
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Biosecurity and bioterrorism. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1538-7135 .- 1557-850X. ; 11:SUPPL. 1, s. S183-S190
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A workshop on animal botulism was held in Uppsala, Sweden, in June 2012. Its purpose was to explore the current status of the disease in Europe by gathering the European experts in animal botulism and to raise awareness of the disease among veterinarians and others involved in biopreparedness. Animal botulism is underreported and underdiagnosed, but an increasing number of reports, as well as the information gathered from this workshop, show that it is an emerging problem in Europe. The workshop was divided into 4 sessions: animal botulism in Europe, the bacteria behind the disease, detection and diagnostics, and European collaboration and surveillance. An electronic survey was conducted before the workshop to identify the 3 most needed discussion points, which were: prevention, preparedness and outbreak response; detection and diagnostics; and European collaboration and surveillance. The main conclusions drawn from these discussions were that there is an urgent need to replace the mouse bioassay for botulinum toxin detection with an in vitro test and that there is a need for a European network to function as a reference laboratory, which could also organize a European supply of botulinum antitoxin and vaccines. The foundation of such a network was discussed, and the proposals are presented here along with the outcome of discussions and a summary of the workshop itself. © 2013, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
|
|
| 15. |
- Ulfsdottir, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term neurological morbidity among children delivered by vacuum extraction : a national cohort study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 102:7, s. 843-853
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction This is the first nationwide cohort study of vacuum extraction (VE) and long-term neurological morbidity. We hypothesized that VE per se, and not only complicated labor, can cause intracranial bleedings, which could further cause neurological long-term morbidity. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of neonatal mortality, cerebral palsy (CP), and epilepsy among children delivered by VE in a long-term perspective.Material and methods The study population included 1 509 589 term singleton children planned for vaginal birth in Sweden (January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2017). We investigated the risk of neonatal death (ND), CP, and epilepsy among children delivered by VE (successful or failed) and compared their risks with those born by spontaneous vaginal birth and emergency cesarean section (ECS). We used logistic regression to study the adjusted associations with each outcome. The follow-up time was from birth until December 31, 2019.Results The percentage and total number of children with the outcomes were ND (0.04%, n = 616), CP (0.12%, n = 1822), and epilepsy (0.74%, n = 11 190). Compared with children delivered by ECS, those born by VE had no increased risk of ND, but there was an increased risk for those born after failed VE (adj OR 2.23 [1.33-3.72]). The risk of CP was similar among children born by VE and those born spontaneously vaginally. Further, the risk of CP was similar among children born after failed VE compared with ECS. The risk of epilepsy was not increased among children born by VE (successful/failed), compared with those who had spontaneous vaginal birth or ECS.Conclusions The outcomes ND, CP, and epilepsy are rare. In this nationwide cohort study, children born after successful VE had no increased risk of ND, CP or epilepsy compared with those delivered by ECS, but there was an increased risk of ND among those born by failed VE. Concerning the studied outcomes, VE appears to be a safe obstetric intervention; however, it requires a thorough risk assessment and awareness of when to convert to ECS.
|
|
| 16. |
- Veraart, Frank, et al.
(författare)
-
Creating, capturing, and circulating commodities: The technology and politics of material resource flows, from the 19th century to the present
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-790X .- 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 7:1, s. 1-7
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extractive resources are unevenly distributed geographically and our dependence on such resources is growing, which has led to ever increasing flows of resources across the world. This situation has caused concern for numerous actors. However, such worries are not new. Todays’ feel of a deeply interconnected, rapidly changing world with global grand challenges has striking resemblances with the nineteenth century mood in the industrializing countries. In this special issue we study the temporal dynamics and multiple geographies of resource flows, and how actors have attempted to shape and control them. In five articles by historians of technology and the environment from Sweden, Russia and the Netherlands, we aim to broaden the view on resource narratives and emphasize their non-static characters by showing developments of resources as they travel through time and space. This introductory article introduces and positions five themes that are addressed in the contributions of special issue. In this special issue scholars discuss (1) the social construction of resources, (2) the importance of resources to nation states, (3) resource flows as transnational practices, (4) technopolitics of resources, and (5) resource flows as global political power hierarches, of resources such as oil, metals, iron ore, uranium and stone.
|
|
| 17. |
- Woudstra, C., et al.
(författare)
-
Animal botulism outcomes in the ani bio threat project
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Biosecurity and bioterrorism. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1538-7135 .- 1557-850X. ; 11:SUPPL. 1, s. S177-S182
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Botulism disease in both humans and animals is a worldwide concern. Botulinum neurotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum and other Clostridium species are the most potent biological substances known and are responsible for flaccid paralysis leading to a high mortality rate. Clostridium botulinum and botulinum neurotoxins are considered potential weapons for bioterrorism and have been included in the Australia Group List of Biological Agents. In 2010 the European Commission (DG Justice, Freedom and Security) funded a 3-year project named AniBioThreat to improve the EU's capacity to counter animal bioterrorism threats. A detection portfolio with screening methods for botulism agents and incidents was needed to improve tracking and tracing of accidental and deliberate contamination of the feed and food chain with botulinum neurotoxins and other Clostridia. The complexity of this threat required acquiring new genetic information to better understand the diversity of these Clostridia and develop detection methods targeting both highly specific genetic markers of these Clostridia and the neurotoxins they are able to produce. Several European institutes participating in the AniBioThreat project collaborated on this program to achieve these objectives. Their scientific developments are discussed here. © 2013, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Åberg, Anna Cristina, et al.
(författare)
-
Extraction of gait parameters from marker-free video recordings of Timed Up-and-Go tests : Validity, inter- and intra-rater reliability.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Gait & Posture. - : Elsevier. - 0966-6362 .- 1879-2219. ; 90, s. 489-495
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We study dual-task performance with marker-free video recordings of Timed Up-and-Go tests (TUG) and TUG combined with a cognitive/verbal task (TUG dual-task, TUGdt).RESEARCH QUESTION: Can gait parameters be accurately estimated from video-recorded TUG tests by a new semi-automatic method aided by a technique for human 2D pose estimation based on deep learning?METHODS: Thirty persons aged 60-85 years participated in the study, conducted in a laboratory environment. Data were collected by two synchronous video-cameras and a marker-based optoelectronic motion capture system as gold standard, to evaluate the gait parameters step length (SL), step width (SW), step duration (SD), single-stance duration (SSD) and double-stance duration (DSD). For reliability evaluations, data processing aided by a deep neural network model, involved three raters who conducted three repetitions of identifying anatomical keypoints in recordings of one randomly selected step from each of the participants. Validity was analysed using 95 % confidence intervals (CI) and p-values for method differences and Bland-Altman plots with limits of agreement. Inter- and intra-rater reliability were calculated as intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and standard errors of measurement. Smallest detectable change was calculated for inter-rater reliability.RESULTS: Mean ddifferences between video and the motion capture system data for SW, DSD, and SSD were significant (p < 0.001). However, mean differences for all parameters were small (-6.4%-13.0% of motion capture system) indicating good validity. Concerning reliability, almost all 95 % CI of the ICC estimates exceeded 0.90, indicating excellent reliability. Only inter-rater reliability for SW (95 % CI = 0.892;0.973) and one rater's intra-rater reliability for SSD (95 % CI = 0.793;0.951) were lower, but still showed good to excellent reliability.SIGNIFICANCE: The presented method for extraction of gait parameters from video appears suitable for valid and reliable quantification of gait. This opens up for analyses that may contribute to the knowledge of cognitive-motor interference in dual-task testing.
|
|
| 20. |
- Åberg, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Small-bowel obstruction after restorative proctocolectomy in patients with ulcerative colitis
- 2007
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Colorectal Disease. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0179-1958 .- 1432-1262. ; 22:6, s. 637-642
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The reported risk of small-bowel obstruction (SBO) after major abdominal surgery varies. The aim of this study was to study frequency and risk factors of SBO after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. METHODS: Review of the medical records of 188 patients operated with restorative proctocolectomy between 1985 and 1997. All admissions to the hospital were registered and symptoms and X-ray findings consistent with ileus were analysed in relation to preoperative and operative data. RESULTS: SBO was the dominating cause of hospitalization. Forty-eight patients (25.5%) had developed SBO after a median of 76 (range 6-196) months of follow-up, of whom 26 were operated on. The cause of obstruction was adhesion in all but one patient. Early obstruction events were common and accounted for 27% of all operations. Twenty-five of 26 patients who were operated on had a diverting loop-ileostomy compared to 111/162 in the not-operated-on group (p < 0.01). In total, 696 days were spent at the hospital because of SBO. CONCLUSION: SBO is common following pouch surgery and is the dominating cause of hospitalization postoperatively. About 25% of patients developed SBO and half of them needed surgery. The use of a diverting loop-ileostomy was related to an increased risk of surgery for SBO.
|
|
| 21. |
- Åberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Minnet av Mirjam - från Talmud till feministisk judendom
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Levande ord: Tolkningar av abrahamitiska källtexter. - 9789144076140 ; , s. 159-182
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- En genomgång av hur den bibliska gestalten Mirjam presenterats i rabbinsk litteratur och hur den senare använts och tolkats inom modern feministisk judendom.
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Åhman, Hanna Bozkurt, et al.
(författare)
-
Dual-task performance and neurodegeneration : Correlations between timed up-and-go dual-task test outcomes and Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - : IOS Press. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 71:Suppl 1, s. S75-S83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Tools to identify individuals at preclinical stages of dementia disorders are needed to enable early interventions. Alterations in dual-task performance have been detected early in progressive neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, dual-task testing may have the potential to screen for cognitive impairment caused by neurodegeneration. Exploring correlations between dual-task performance and biomarkers of neurodegeneration is therefore of interest.OBJECTIVE: To investigate correlations between Timed Up-and-Go dual-task (TUGdt) outcomes and Alzheimer's disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau).METHODS: This cross-sectional cohort study included 90 participants (age range 49-84 years) undergoing memory assessment, who were subsequently diagnosed with AD, other dementia disorders, mild cognitive impairment, or subjective cognitive impairment. TUG combined with "Naming Animals" (TUGdt NA) and "Months Backwards" (TUGdt MB), respectively, were used to assess dual-task performance. The number of correct words and time taken to complete the tests were measured. The CSF biomarkers were analysed by ELISA. Spearman's rank correlation was used for analyses between TUGdt outcomes (TUGdt NA and TUGdt MB), and CSF biomarkers, adjusted for age, gender, and educational level.RESULTS: The number of correct words, as well as the number of correct words/10 s during TUGdt NA correlated negatively to CSF t-tau and p-tau. No correlations were found between any time scores and CSF biomarkers.CONCLUSION: The correlations between TUGdt NA and t-tau and p-tau may indicate that neurodegeneration affects dual-task performance. Longitudinal studies are needed to further explore dual-task testing in screening for cognitive impairment due to neurodegeneration.
|
|
| 24. |
- Åhman, Hanna Bozkurt, et al.
(författare)
-
Dual-task tests discriminate between dementia, mild cognitive impairment, subjective cognitive impairment, and healthy controls : a cross-sectional cohort study
- 2020
-
Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2318. ; 20:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Discrimination between early-stage dementia and other cognitive impairment diagnoses is central to enable appropriate interventions. Previous studies indicate that dual-task testing may be useful in such differentiation. The objective of this study was to investigate whether dual-task test outcomes discriminate between groups of individuals with dementia disorder, mild cognitive impairment, subjective cognitive impairment, and healthy controls.METHODS: A total of 464 individuals (mean age 71 years, 47% women) were included in the study, of which 298 were patients undergoing memory assessment and 166 were cognitively healthy controls. Patients were grouped according to the diagnosis received: dementia disorder, mild cognitive impairment, or subjective cognitive impairment. Data collection included participants' demographic characteristics. The patients' cognitive test results and diagnoses were collected from their medical records. Healthy controls underwent the same cognitive tests as the patients. The mobility test Timed Up-and-Go (TUG single-task) and two dual-task tests including TUG (TUGdt) were carried out: TUGdt naming animals and TUGdt months backwards. The outcomes registered were: time scores for TUG single-task and both TUGdt tests, TUGdt costs (relative time difference between TUG single-task and TUGdt), number of different animals named, number of months recited in correct order, number of animals per 10 s, and number of months per 10 s. Logistic regression models examined associations between TUG outcomes pairwise between groups.RESULTS: The TUGdt outcomes "animals/10 s" and "months/10 s" discriminated significantly (p < 0.001) between individuals with an early-stage dementia diagnosis, mild cognitive impairment, subjective cognitive impairment, and healthy controls. The TUGdt outcome "animals/10 s" showed an odds ratio of 3.3 (95% confidence interval 2.0-5.4) for the groups dementia disorders vs. mild cognitive impairment. TUGdt cost outcomes, however, did not discriminate between any of the groups.CONCLUSIONS: The novel TUGdt outcomes "words per time unit", i.e. "animals/10 s" and "months/10 s", demonstrate high levels of discrimination between all investigated groups. Thus, the TUGdt tests in the current study could be useful as complementary tools in diagnostic assessments. Future studies will be focused on the predictive value of TUGdt outcomes concerning dementia risk for individuals with mild cognitive impairment or subjective cognitive impairment.
|
|
| 25. |
- Åhman, Hanna Bozkurt, et al.
(författare)
-
Dual-Task Tests Predict Conversion to Dementia-A Prospective Memory-Clinic-Based Cohort Study
- 2020
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate whether Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) dual-task (TUGdt) tests predict dementia incidence among patients with subjective or mild cognitive impairment (SCI; MCI). Other study objectives were to determine whether TUGdt improves dementia prediction compared to a) demographic characteristics and standard cognitive tests alone; and b) TUG and Verbal Fluency performed separately. Patients (n = 172, age range 39-91 years, 78 women) with SCI or MCI performed TUGdt tests, including 1) naming animals and 2) reciting months backwards, and clinical cognitive tests at baseline. Diagnoses were identified at follow-up after 2.5 years. Logistic regression was used to predict dementia incidence, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and c-statistics for predictive capacity. Analyses were stratified by age and gender. At follow-up, 51 patients had developed dementia. The TUGdt result "animals/10 s" was associated with dementia incidence (standardized odds ratio (OR) = 4.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.28-7.23, p < 0.001), more so among patients under the median age of 72 years (standardized OR = 19.4, 95% CI 3.53-106.17, p < 0.001). TUGdt "animals/10 s" improved dementia prediction compared to demographic characteristics and standard tests alone (c-statistics 0.88 to 0.94) and single-task tests (c-statistics 0.86 to 0.89), but only in the younger patient group. TUGdt has the potential to become a useful tool for dementia prediction.
|
|
| 26. |
- Åhman, Hanna Bozkurt, 1981-
(författare)
-
Timed Up-and-Go Dual-Task Tests for Early Detection of Dementia Disorder
- 2021
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dementia constitutes an important and growing public health concern. There is a need for new, simple, and inexpensive methods to detect dementia disorders early in the disease progression. For this purpose, dual-tasking, i.e., simultaneous performance of two tasks, has been proposed.The overall aim of this thesis was to explore if Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) dual-task (TUGdt) tests can be used for early detection of dementia disorder. Cross-sectional and longitudinal designs were used. Participants were recruited when undergoing memory assessment at memory clinics (patients) and through advertisements (controls). The TUGdt tests involved TUG combined with the cognitive tasks a) naming animals (TUGdt NA) and b) reciting months in reverse order (TUGdt MB). The tests were video recorded. Test outcomes were calculated using time scores and/or verbal performances. Additionally, the data collection comprised clinical tests and medical record reviews. Paper I included 90 patients who had carried out lumbar puncture as part of the memory assessment. By Spearman’s rank correlation, the TUGdt NA test outcomes “number of animals” and “animals/10 s” correlated negatively to the cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers t-tau and p-tau, suggesting that neurodegeneration is associated with dual-task performance. In Paper II, 298 patients and 166 controls participated. Logistic regression models showed that “animals/10 s” and “months/10 s” discriminated significantly between dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), and controls. Thus, TUGdt testing could be useful in diagnostic assessments. Paper III involved 172 patients, initially diagnosed with MCI or SCI, for whom diagnostic information was available after 2.5 years. Logistic regression showed inverse associations between “animals/10 s” and dementia incidence, particularly for patients <72 years (median age). For these younger patients, the predictive capacity of “animals/10 s” was excellent. Hence, TUGdt NA has potential for predicting dementia from SCI or MCI, particularly among younger patients. Paper IV included 166 controls for presenting TUGdt reference values in age- and sex-specific groups, and 43 controls for test-retest reliability. Reference values were calculated with quantile regression and may be useful in clinic and research. Intra-class correlation coefficients showed excellent reliability for time scores, while the other test outcomes were poor to good. “Animals/10 s” showed fair to good reliability despite being a ratio of other variables, which negatively affects reliability. In summary, TUGdt NA has the potential to be used for early detection of dementia disorder, and the test outcome “animals/10 s” merits further evaluation.
|
|
| 27. |
- Åhman, Hanna Bozkurt, et al.
(författare)
-
Timed "Up & Go" Dual-Task Tests : Age- and Sex-Specific Reference Values and Test-Retest Reliability in Cognitively Healthy Controls
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Physical Therapy. - : Oxford University Press. - 0031-9023 .- 1538-6724. ; 101:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to establish reference values for the Uppsala-Dalarna Dementia and Gait (UDDGait) Timed "Up & Go" dual-task (TUGdt) test variables in cognitively healthy adults and to assess these variables' test-retest reliability.METHODS: For reference values, 166 participants were recruited with approximately equal numbers and proportions of women and men in the age groups 50 to 59, 60 to 69, 70 to 79, and 80+ years (mean age = 70 years, age range = 50-91 years, 51% women). For reliability testing, 43 individuals (mean age = 69 years, age range = 50-89 years, 51% women) were recruited. Two dt tests were carried out: TUGdt naming animals and TUGdt months backward, representing 8 test variables: time scores, costs (the relative difference between single-task and dt time scores), "number of animals," "number of months," "animals/10 seconds ," and "months/10 seconds ." Reference ranges for the variables were established by quantile regression in age- and sex-specific groups. For reliability, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard error of measurement, minimal detectable change, and Bland-Altman plots were used.RESULTS: Reference values for the TUGdt test variables are presented for the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles. The reliability of TUGdt time scores was excellent (ICCs between 0.85 and 0.86). "Number of animals" and "animals/10 seconds" as well as "months/10 seconds" showed fair to good levels of reliability (ICCs between 0.45 and 0.58), whereas the reliability for both cost measures and "number of months" was poor (ICCs between 0.34 and 0.39).CONCLUSION: Normative reference values, potentially useful for clinical and research purposes, were presented in 4 age- and sex-specific groups from 50 years and older. Reliability for the test variables varied between poor and excellent, the lower estimates partly explained by some variables being the ratio of 2 other variables. In UDDGait, TUGdt tests are intended for diagnostic and predictive purposes, for which these tests are promising and require further investigations.IMPACT: Normative reference values and test-retest reliability results for the UDDGait TUGdt test variables were presented. These results should be useful for both clinical and research purposes.
|
|
