| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Allemann, Hanna, et al.
(author)
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Perceptions of Information and Communication Technology as Support for Family Members of Persons With Heart Failure : Qualitative Study
- 2019
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In: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC. - 1438-8871. ; 21:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Heart failure (HF) affects not only the person diagnosed with the syndrome but also family members, who often have the role of informal carers. The needs of these carers are not always met, and information and communications technology (ICT) could have the potential to support them in their everyday life. However, knowledge is lacking about how family members perceive ICT and see opportunities for this technology to support them.Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of ICT solutions as supportive aids among family members of persons with HF.Methods: A qualitative design was applied. A total of 8 focus groups, comprising 23 family members of persons affected by HF, were conducted between March 2015 and January 2017. Participants were recruited from 1 hospital in Sweden. A purposeful sampling strategy was used to find family members of persons with symptomatic HF from diverse backgrounds. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Results: The analysis revealed 4 categories and 9 subcategories. The first category, about how ICT could provide relevant support, included descriptions of how ICT could be used for communication with health care personnel, for information and communication retrieval, plus opportunities to interact with persons in similar life situations and to share support with peers and extended family. The second category, about how ICT could provide access, entailed how ICT could offer solutions not bound by time or place and how it could be both timely and adaptable to different life situations. ICT could also provide an arena for family members to which they might not otherwise have had access. The third category concerned how ICT could be too impersonal and how it could entail limited personal interaction and individualization, which could lead to concerns about usability. It was emphasized that ICT could not replace physical meetings. The fourth category considered how ICT could be out of scope, reflecting the fact that some family members were generally uninterested in ICT and had difficulties envisioning how it could be used for support. It was also discussed as more of a solution for the future.Conclusions: Family members described multiple uses for ICT and agreed that ICT could provide access to relevant sources of information from which family members could potentially exchange support. ICT was also considered to have its limitations and was out of scope for some but with expected use in the future. Even though some family members seemed hesitant about ICT solutions in general, this might not mean they are unreceptive to suggestions about their usage in, for example, health care. Thus, a variety of factors should be considered to facilitate future implementations of ICT tools in clinical practice.
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| 3. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(author)
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Do politicians' preferences correspond to those of the voters : an investigation of political representation
- 2004
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper investigates to what extent voters and politicians have the same preferences for locally provided welfare services. We make use of two different types of survey questionnaires; one directed towards voters and one directed towards politicians. We reach two main conclusions in the paper. First, we find that politicians have preferences for significantly different spending on locally provided welfare services compared to voters. Second, this difference remains even after controlling for politicians and voters having different socio-economic characteristics. For example, when analyzing female representation, we find that female politicians have significantly different preferences for spending than female voters. One implication of the latter result is that an increase in the ratio of female to male politicians may not be the only way to deal with the desire to increase the political representation of women.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(author)
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Swedish Economic National Report
- 2005
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In: Yearbook for Nordic Tax Research 2005: Local Taxation. - : Universitetsforlaget, Oslo.
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 6. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(author)
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Using a discontinuous grant rule to identify the effect of grants on local taxes and spending
- 2006
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Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- When investigating the effects of federal grants on the behavior of lower-level governments, it is hard to defend the handling of grants as an exogenous factor affecting local governments; federal governments often set grants based on characteristics and performance of local governments. In this paper we make use of a discontinuity in the Swedish grant system in order to estimate the causal effects of general intergovernmental grants on local spending and local tax rates. The formula for the distribution of funds is used as an exclusion restriction in an IV-estimation. We find evidence of crowding-in, where federal grants are shifted to more local spending, but not to reduced local tax rates. Our results thus confirm a flypaper effect for Sweden.
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| 7. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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Using a discontinuous grant rule to identify the effect of grants on local taxes and spending
- 2008
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In: Journal of Public Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0047-2727 .- 1879-2316. ; 92:12, s. 2320-2335
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- When investigating the effects of federal grants on the behavior of lower-level governments, it is hard to defend the handling of grants as an exogenous factor. Federal governments often set grants based on characteristics and performance of decentralized governments. In this paper we make use of a discontinuity in the Swedish grant system in order to estimate the causal effects of general intergovernmental grants on local spending and local tax rates. The formula for the distribution of funds is used as an exclusion restriction in an IV-estimation. We find evidence of crowding-in, where federal grants are shifted to more local spending, but not to reduced local tax rates.
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| 8. |
- Edmark, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Identifying Strategic Interactions in Swedish Local Income Tax Policies
- 2006
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Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- This paper uses data on Swedish local governments to test for strategic interaction in tax setting. We make no a priori assumptions regarding the underlying behaviour of individuals, but instead attempt to test for the presence and type of underlying spatial process. First, we employ the estimation methods used in most earlier studies, however, we stress that these methods are limited in identifying the source of interaction. Hence, we make use of a number of additional, indirect predictions from the theories of tax competition and yardstick competition, in order to test for the presence of strategic interaction. Using such additional predictions of the theories serves a twofold purpose - first it helps us establish if the spatial coefficient is due to strategic interactions or merely reflecting spatial error correlation, and second, it helps identify the source of interaction. The analysis provides strong evidence for spatial dependence in tax rates among Swedish local governments. Moreover, we find weak evidence of tax competition or yardstick competition effects in the setting of tax rates.
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| 9. |
- Edmark, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Identifying Strategic Interactions in Swedish Local Income Tax Policies
- 2008
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In: Journal of Urban Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0094-1190 .- 1095-9068. ; 63:6, s. 849-857
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper uses data on Swedish local governments to test for strategic interaction in local tax setting. We make use of a number of indirect predictions from the theories of tax competition and yardstick competition in order to test for the presence of strategic interaction in these forms. Using such additional predictions of the theories serves a twofold purpose-first it helps us establish if the spatial coefficient is due to strategic interactions or merely reflecting spatial error correlation, and second, it helps identify the source of interaction. The analysis provides strong evidence for spatial correlation in tax rates among Swedish local governments. Moreover, we find weak evidence of tax competition effects in the setting of tax rates.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Enefalk, Hanna, 1976-
(author)
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En patriotisk drömvärld : Musik, nationalism och genus under det långa 1800-talet
- 2008
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The subject of this thesis is Scandinavian nationalism from the late 18th century to ca 1920. The focus lies on that particular aspect of nationalism that was at the same time the most mundane and the most enigmatic: the ever-present depicting of the nation in words, pictures and music, which in effect created a parallel universe, a patriotic dreamland. This creation was highly gendered, and the media in which it flourished most abundantly was the patriotic song. The study therefore uses song texts as its primary source material and builds upon the theoretical foundations laid by, e.g., Joan Scott and Michael Billig.Geographically, the investigation centers on Sweden, using Norway and Swedish-speaking Finland as objects of comparison. The main producers of the lyrics and their intended target groups are identified, and an in-depth analysis of a large corpus of songs is made.The main conclusion is that the patriotic songs, in spite of spreading to an ever increasing proportion of the population, were not an expression of the ‘voice of the people’ or even that of the bourgeoisie as a whole. The texts were chiefly written by male academics, and from their formative years during the Napoleonic wars the songs preserved an obsession with a warlike unmarried manhood. Only in the last decades of the period were civilian virtues and national womanhood slightly more emphasized. It is suggested that the songs, apart from being an expression of what Billig has termed ‘banal nationalism,’ also functioned as a bastion of a ‘banal androcentrism.’The thesis shows that the patriotic dreamland of the patriotic songs was designed in a way that promoted the interests of its producers and reproducers. The seemingly semi-autonomous quality of the discourse is also discussed, employing meme theory as used by, e.g., Daniel Dennett.
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| 12. |
- Frenkel, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Improper excess light energy dissipation in Arabidopsis results in a metabolic reprogramming
- 2009
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In: BMC Plant Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2229. ; 9:12, s. 1-16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Plant performance is affected by the level of expression of PsbS, a key photoprotective protein involved in the process of feedback de-excitation (FDE), or the qE component of non-photochemical quenching, NPQ. Results: In studies presented here, under constant laboratory conditions the metabolite profiles of leaves of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and plants lacking or overexpressing PsbS were very similar, but under natural conditions their differences in levels of PsbS expression were associated with major changes in metabolite profiles. Some carbohydrates and amino acids differed ten-fold in abundance between PsbS-lacking mutants and over-expressers, with wild-type plants having intermediate amounts, showing that a metabolic shift had occurred. The transcriptomes of the genotypes also varied under field conditions, and the genes induced in plants lacking PsbS were similar to those reportedly induced in plants exposed to ozone stress or treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Genes involved in the biosynthesis of JA were up-regulated, and enzymes involved in this pathway accumulated. JA levels in the undamaged leaves of field-grown plants did not differ between wild-type and PsbS-lacking mutants, but they were higher in the mutants when they were exposed to herbivory. Conclusion: These findings suggest that lack of FDE results in increased photooxidative stress in the chloroplasts of Arabidopsis plants grown in the field, which elicits a response at the transcriptome level, causing a redirection of metabolism from growth towards defence that resembles a MeJA/JA response.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Müssener, Ulrika, et al.
(author)
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Promoting Healthy Behaviors Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Intellectual Disability : Protocol for Developing a Digital Intervention With Co-Design Workshops
- 2023
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In: JMIR Research Protocols. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 1929-0748. ; 12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with a poorer health profile and higher mortality. Young people with ID have more sedentary lifestyles than their typically developing peers. Consequently, this group is at significant risk of developing lifestyle diseases (ie, noncommunicable diseases) later in life. Increasing physical activity and eating a healthier diet have been argued to be effective ways to improve the health of adolescents and young adults with ID. Digital interventions are a viable option for improving health behaviors. Objective: This research protocol describes a co-design approach using workshops to develop a digital intervention that promotes healthy behaviors, including increasing physical activity and eating a healthier diet, among adolescents and young adults with ID. Methods: A participatory design using a co-design approach will be applied as a strategy to include potential users of the digital intervention and other stakeholders in the research process, comprising research design, data collection, and data analysis. A total of 7 to 10 workshops will be conducted aimed at developing a digital intervention and will include procedures for assessing needs; facilitators and barriers to health promotion; physical, mental, and social well-being; participation; and relationships. The workshops will include 12 to 18 stakeholders with experience of clinical practice and research related to young people with ID, including relatives, as well as adolescents and young adults (aged 16-25 years) with mild to moderate ID. Participants will perform a mixture of individual and group work using whiteboards, sticky notes, felt-tip pens, cards, balls, stickers, and wireframe templates. Data analysis will take place concurrently with data collection as an iterative process. Transcribed data from the audio and video recordings of the groups’ discussions will be analyzed following a qualitative methodological procedure. Results: This study protocol provides a systematic record of the scientific methodologies used when developing the digital intervention and provides insights into the potential practical solutions and challenges when following a co-design approach in which relatives and professionals, as well as adolescents and young adults with ID, are included as research partners. Recruitment of participants started in April 2023. Data collection, analysis, and reporting will be completed in December 2023. Conclusions: This study will explore the effectiveness of workshops at gathering rich, reliable, and valid data in a co-design approach with participants. The results will provide increased knowledge in how to use technology to develop novel, evidence-based, and scalable interventions that adolescents and young adults with ID can and want to use to motivate physical activity and a healthier diet. The project will provide a simple and cognitively accessible digital solution for promoting lifestyle behaviors tailored to the needs of adolescents and young adults with ID.
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| 15. |
- Petrén, Hampus, et al.
(author)
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Differences in mating system and predicted parental conflict affect post-pollination reproductive isolation in a flowering plant
- 2023
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In: Evolution; international journal of organic evolution. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1558-5646 .- 0014-3820. ; 77:4, s. 1019-1030
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mating system shifts from outcrossing to selfing are frequent in plant evolution. Relative to outcrossing, selfing is associated with reduced parental conflict over seed provisioning, which may result in postzygotic, asymmetric, reproductive isolation in crosses between populations of different mating systems. To test the hypothesis that post-pollination reproductive isolation between populations increases with increasing differences in mating system and predicted parental conflict, we performed a crossing experiment involving all combinations of three self-compatible populations (with low outcrossing rates), and three self-incompatible populations (with high outcrossing rates) of the arctic-alpine herb Arabis alpina, assessing fitness-related seed and plant traits of the progeny. Predicted levels of parental conflict ("genome strength") were quantified based on strength of self-incompatibility and estimates of outcrossing rates. Crosses between self-compatible and self-incompatible populations yielded very small seeds of low viability, resulting in strong reproductive isolation. In 14 of 15 reciprocal between-population crosses, seeds were heavier when the paternal plant had the stronger genome, and seed mass differences between cross directions increased with an increased difference in parental conflict. Overall, our results suggest that, when sufficiently large, differences in mating system and hence in expected parental conflict may result in strong post-pollination reproductive barriers contributing to speciation.
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| 16. |
- Söderlund, Robert, et al.
(author)
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Prevalence and genomic characteristics of zoonotic gastro-intestinal pathogens and ESBL/pAmpC producing Enterobacteriaceae among Swedish corvid birds
- 2019
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In: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2000-8686. ; 9:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Wild birds pose a potential threat to animal and human health by spreading infectious diseases. In the present study, we studied the occurrence of bacterial zoonotic pathogens as well as enterobacteria with transferrable antimicrobial resistance genes among Swedish corvids.Materials and methods: Intestines from 66 jackdaws, crows, rooks and magpies from the vicinity of livestock farms at 14 locations in 7 counties were analysed by direct culture or PCR screening followed by culture. Isolates were investigated by whole-genome sequencing.Results and discussion: Campylobacter jejuni were detected in 82% and Yersinia in 3% of the birds. ESBL-producing E. coli were found in one sample (2%) and carried bla CTX-M-55. No Enterobacteriaceae with transferable carbapenem resistance were identified. No Salmonella or E. coli O157:H7 were found, but PCR analysis for enterohaemorrhagic E. coli virulence genes revealed 35% positive samples for intimin, 9% for verotoxin 1 and 17% for verotoxin 2. C. jejuni isolates from corvids were compared to previously published isolates from Swedish sources by multi-locus sequence typing based on genome sequences. All corvid C. jejuni isolates formed a cluster, intermingled with human and chicken isolates. Our results indicate that C. jejuni is ubiquitous among Swedish corvid birds, with sporadic transmission to poultry and humans.
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| 17. |
- Ågren, Hanna, et al.
(author)
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Do Politicians’ Preferences Correspond to those of the Voters? : An Investigation of Political Representation
- 2007
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In: Public Choice. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0048-5829 .- 1573-7101. ; 130:1-2, s. 137-162
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper investigates political representation by exploring the relationship between citizens' preferences and the preferences of their elected representatives. Using Swedish survey data, the empirical analysis shows that voters and politicians have significantly different preferences for local welfare services, implying that voters do not elect representatives with the same preferences as their own. The results show that when comparing a politician of a certain age, gender, educational level and marital status, with a voter with identical characteristics, the politician still has preferences for a significantly higher level of spending on the locally provided services. Hence our results indicate that the representation of different socio-economic groups does not necessarily lead to a larger degree of representation of these groups' agendas. Moreover, we find the observed difference to be largest for the least salient expenditure item. We do, however, not find any evidence for differences in preferences between the two groups being associated with a decline in trust for politicians among voters
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| 18. |
- Ågren, Hanna, 1975-
(author)
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Essays on Political Representation, Electoral Accountability and Strategic Interactions
- 2005
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis consists of an introduction and four self-contained essays.Essay 1 (with Matz Dahlberg and Eva Mörk) investigates political representation by exploring the relationship between citizens' preferences and the preferences of their elected representatives. Using Swedish survey data, the empirical analysis shows that voters and politicians have significantly different preferences for local welfare services, implying that voters do not elect representatives with the same preferences as their own. The results show that when comparing a politician of a certain age, gender, educational level and marital status, with a voter with identical characteristics, the politician still has preferences for a significantly higher level of spending on the locally provided services. Hence, our results indicate that the representation of different socio-economic groups does not necessarily lead to a larger degree of representation of these groups' agendas. Moreover, we find the observed difference to be largest for the least salient expenditure item. We do, however, not find any evidence for differences in preferences between the two groups being associated with a decline in trust for politicians among voters.Essay 2 examines the role of politicians' and voters' preferences in determining policy choices. The paper uses survey data to construct observable measures of actual policy preferences of both voters and their elected representatives, for local public services. The empirical analysis suggests the preferences of politicians and voters to have a significant impact on spending patterns during the election period. The impact of preferences depends on the spending category. The results show voters' preferences not to be expressed by politicians for the least salient issue, whereas for the most salient category, schooling, the growth in spending is determined by the preferred level of the electorate. The results suggest that the electoral cost of not implementing the policy choice of voters at large, is higher for the more salient public service.Essay 3 (with Karin Edmark) tests for strategic interaction in tax setting using panel data on Swedish local governments. Due to the existence of competing theoretical models, we make no a priori assumptions regarding the underlying behaviour of individuals, but instead test for the presence and type of underlying spatial process. The paper uses a number of additional, indirect predictions from the theories of tax and yardstick competition to test for the presence of strategic interaction. The analysis provides strong evidence of spatial dependence in tax rates among Swedish local governments. Moreover, we find evidence of both tax competition and yardstick competition effects in the setting of tax rates.Essay 4 investigates the idea that voters hold their local politicians accountable for the fiscal performance in their own jurisdiction, relative to neighbouring jurisdictions. The analysis is carried out using data on Swedish local governments. The approach used in the paper rests on the idea of yardstick competition theory, which formalizes the link between tax setting and voting behaviour. The results suggests that voters evaluate the incumbent party coalition based on relative fiscal policy, and provide evidence of yardstick competition effects. Moreover, unexpectedly, voters make performance comparisons of fiscal policies across municipalities with a different ideological position from that of their own municipality, suggesting there to be heterogeneity in the response of voters with respect to ideology.
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| 19. |
- Ågren, Helena, et al.
(author)
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Rambeslut
- 2016
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In: 10 förbättringar från DIALOGEN. - Jönköping : Jönköpings kommun, socialtjänsten. ; , s. 41-59
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I samverkan mellan Jönköpings kommun och Institutet för gerontologi, Hälsohögskolan i Jönköping, genomfördes en intervjustudie parallellt med införandet av rambeslut under hösten 2015. Att respektera individens rätt till självbestämmande och inflytande är grundläggande värden och förhåll-ningssätt i svensk äldreomsorg. Rambeslut i hemtjänsten är ett salutogent arbetssätt som syftar till att i högre utsträckning stärka individens möjlighet till självbestämmande och att utöva inflytande över insatsernas utformning avseende hur och när de ska utföras. Den här studien gav viktig kunskap kring äldre personers uppfattning av begrepp som inflytande och självbestämmande och vad hemtjänsten bör fokusera på för att de äldre ska ha ett reellt inflytande och självbestämmande. Resultaten används till att utveckla äldre personers möjlighet till inflytande och självbestämmande.
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| 21. |
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