| 1. |
- Björklund, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Västerås slott : Slott och borgar
- 2000
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- En majoritet av dagens byggnadsuppgifter gäller att hantera det redan byggda. När vi står inför situationen att restaurera en befintlig byggnad är det viktigt att förstå olika tidsperioders stilideal liksom byggnadsteknik och material. Först då kan vi göra en väl avvägd analys, som tar tillvara och utvecklar de kvaliteter som byggnaderna själva besitter. Därför är utbildningen upplagd som ett växelspel mellan föreläsningar, seminarier, exkursioner och en för året vald studieuppgift.Slott och borgar har varit läsårets tema. Vi har valt att arbeta med Västerås och Örebro slott - två ganska bortglömda Vasaslott som är väl värda att lyfta fram. Särskilt har vi studerat de senaste 300 årens förändringar, som inte tidigare ägnats lika stora forskarmöda som medelitden och Vasatiden. I dessa två exempel finns en provkarta på estetiska, praktiska och tekniska ingrepp från Carl Hårlemans tid och fram till idag.Studierna har således omfattat både gestaltning, funktion och byggnadsteknik. Avsikten är att visa på kvaliteter i de omvandlingar och restaureringar som skett, men också att peka på problem och analysera olika möjligheter inför framtiden. Arbetet har skett i samarbete med Statens fastighetsverk och är tänkt att utgöra ett underlag till vårdprogram och framtida restaureringsinsatser.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Couto, Rafael C., et al.
(författare)
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Anomalously strong two-electron one-photon X-ray decay transitions in CO caused by avoided crossing
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The unique opportunity to study and control electron-nuclear quantum dynamics in coupled potentials offered by the resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) technique is utilized to unravel an anomalously strong two-electron one-photon transition from core-excited to Rydberg final states in the CO molecule. High-resolution RIXS measurements of CO in the energy region of 12-14 eV are presented and analyzed by means of quantum simulations using the wave packet propagation formalism and ab initio calculations of potential energy curves and transition dipole moments. The very good overall agreement between the experimental results and the theoretical predictions allows an in-depth interpretation of the salient spectral features in terms of Coulomb mixing of "dark" with "bright" final states leading to an effective two-electron one-photon transition. The present work illustrates that the improved spectral resolution of RIXS spectra achievable today may call for more advanced theories than what has been used in the past.
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| 4. |
- Couto, Rafael C., et al.
(författare)
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Coupled electron-nuclear dynamics in resonant 1 sigma -> 2 pi x-ray Raman scattering of CO molecules
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physical Review A. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9926. ; 93:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a detailed experimental-theoretical analysis of O K-edge resonant 1 sigma-2 pi inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) from carbon monoxide with unprecedented energy resolution. We employ high-level ab initio calculations to compute the potential energy curves of the states involved in the RIXS process and simulate the measured RIXS spectra using the wave-packet-propagation formalism, including Coulomb coupling in the final-state manifold. The theoretical analysis allows us to explain all the key features of the experimental spectra, including some that were not seen before. First, we clearly show the interference effect between different RIXS channels corresponding to the transition via orthogonal (1)Pi(x) and (1)Pi(y) core-excited states of CO. Second, the RIXS region of 13 eV energy loss presents a triple structure, revealed only by the high-resolution measurement. In previous studies, this region was attributed solely to a valence state. Here we show a strong Coulomb mixing of the Rydberg and valence final states, which opens the forbidden RIXS channels to the "dark" final Rydberg states and drastically changes the RIXS profile. Third, using a combination of high-resolution experiment and high-level theory, we improve the vertical bar 4 sigma(-1)2 pi(1)> final-state potential-energy curve by fitting its bottom part with the experiment. Also, the coupling constants between Rydberg and valence states were refined via comparison with the experiment. Our results illustrate the large potential of the RIXS technique for advanced studies of highly excited states of neutral molecules.
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| 5. |
- Couto, Rafael C., et al.
(författare)
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Coupled electron-nuclear dynamics in resonant 1σ→2π x-ray Raman scattering of CO molecules
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics). - 1050-2947. ; 93:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a detailed experimental-theoretical analysis of O K-edge resonant 1σ-2π inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) from carbon monoxide with unprecedented energy resolution. We employ high-level ab initio calculations to compute the potential energy curves of the states involved in the RIXS process and simulate the measured RIXS spectra using the wave-packet-propagation formalism, including Coulomb coupling in the final-state manifold. The theoretical analysis allows us to explain all the key features of the experimental spectra, including some that were not seen before. First, we clearly show the interference effect between different RIXS channels corresponding to the transition via orthogonal Πx1 and Πy1 core-excited states of CO. Second, the RIXS region of 13 eV energy loss presents a triple structure, revealed only by the high-resolution measurement. In previous studies, this region was attributed solely to a valence state. Here we show a strong Coulomb mixing of the Rydberg and valence final states, which opens the forbidden RIXS channels to the "dark" final Rydberg states and drastically changes the RIXS profile. Third, using a combination of high-resolution experiment and high-level theory, we improve the |4σ-12π1) final-state potential-energy curve by fitting its bottom part with the experiment. Also, the coupling constants between Rydberg and valence states were refined via comparison with the experiment. Our results illustrate the large potential of the RIXS technique for advanced studies of highly excited states of neutral molecules.
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| 6. |
- Junique, Stéphane, et al.
(författare)
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Multiple quantum well spatial light modulators design-fabrication-characterization
- 2001
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - San Diego, CA : SPIE. ; , s. 62-71
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple quantum well spatial light modulators (MQW SLMs) are promising devices for future high-speed applications. We present results obtained with a single-pixel amplitude modulator. We discuss the status of our work on a 128x—128-pixel ternary SLM. This SLM will run at 10 kHz and have one low-reflectance level and two high reflectance levels with a phase difference of Ï€. We also present a study of the relation between the coding domain and the structural design of modulators.
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| 7. |
- Leijon, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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An electrical approach to wave energy conversion
- 2006
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Ingår i: Renewable energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; :31, s. 1309-1319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motions in nature, for example ocean waves, can play a significant role in tomorrow's electricity production, but the constructions require adaptations to its media. Engineers planning hydropower plants have always taken natural conditions, such as fall height, speed of flow, and geometry, as basic design parameters and constraints in the design. The present paper describes a novel approach for electric power conversion of the vast ocean wave energy. The suggested linear electric energy converter is adapted to the natural wave motion using straightforward technology. Extensive simulations of the wave energy concept are presented, along with results from the experimental setup of a multisided permanent magnet linear generator. The prototype is designed through systematic electromagnetic field calculations. The experimental results are used for the verification of measurements in the design process of future full-scale direct wave energy converters. The present paper, describes the energy conversion concept from a system perspective, and also discusses the economical and some environmental considerations for the project.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Andersson, Egil, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Core-valence double photoionization of the CS2 molecule
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 133:9, s. 94305-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Double photoionization spectra of the CS2 molecule have been recorded using the TOF-PEPECO technique in combination with synchrotron radiation at the photon energies h nu=220, 230, 240, 243, and 362.7 eV. The spectra were recorded in the S 2p and C 1s inner-shell ionization regions and reflect dicationic states formed out of one inner-shell vacancy and one vacancy in the valence region. MCSCF calculations were performed to model the energies of the dicationic states. The spectra associated with a S 2p vacancy are well structured and have been interpreted in some detail by comparison to conventional S 2p and valence photoelectron spectra. The lowest inner-shell-valence dicationic state is observed at the vertical double ionization energy 188.45 eV and is associated with a (2p(3/2))(-1)(2 pi(g))(-1) double vacancy. The spectrum connected to the C 1s vacancy shows a distinct line at 310.8 eV, accompanied by additional broad features at higher double ionization energies. This line is associated with a (C 1s)(-1)(2 pi(g))(-1) double vacancy. (C-) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3469812]
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of recrystallization and grain size on the martensitic transformation in Fe-31% Mn-5% Si alloy
- 1996
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Ingår i: Materials transactions, JIM. - : Japan Institute of Metals. - 0916-1821 .- 2432-471X. ; 37:7, s. 1363-1370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of recrystallization and grain size have been studied in an Fe-31%Mn-5%Si shape memory alloy. The amount of martensite formed in samples which have been hot rolled at 1373 K and subsequently homogenized for 24 h at 1273 K followed by a final 30 min anneal at 1323 K is twice as large as in samples which have been hot rolled and homogenized in the same way as the former followed by a compression and a subsequent recrystallization at 1323 K for 30 min. The only difference between the samples is the plastic deformation induced by the compression. We thus conclude that some effect of the compressive deformation remains despite the recrystallization and suppresses the subsequent martensite formation. However, we have not yet been able to identify this effect. This matter will be subject to further investigations. No significant change is found in the M(S) and A(S) temperatures for the gamma <----> epsilon transformations determined by DSC. When the grain size varies between 40 and 160 mu m in completely recrystallized samples the variation in transformation temperatures is small, less than 10 K.
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| 14. |
- Bagheri, Niusha, et al.
(författare)
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Change in the emission saturation and kinetics of upconversion nanoparticles under different light irradiations
- 2019
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Ingår i: Optical materials (Amsterdam). - : Elsevier. - 0925-3467 .- 1873-1252. ; 97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nd3+-sensitized upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) can be excited by both 980 and 808 nm light, which is regarded as a particularly advantageous property of these particles. In this work, we demonstrate that the nanoparticles can exhibit significantly different response when excited at these two excitation wavelengths, showing dependence on the intensity of the excitation light and the way it is distributed in time. Specifically, with 808 nm excitation saturation in the emitted luminescence is more readily reached with increasing excitation intensities than upon 980 nm excitation. This is accompanied by delayed upconversion luminescence (UCL) kinetics and weaker UCL intensities. The different luminescence response at 808 and 980 nm excitation reported in this work is relevant in a manifold of applications using UCNPs as labels and sensors. This could also open new possibilities for multi-wavelength excitable UCNPs for upconversion color display and in laser-scanning microscopy providing selective readouts and sub-sectioning of samples.
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| 15. |
- Berg, Elisabeth Gräslund, et al.
(författare)
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Praktiker som gör skillnad : Om den verb-inriktade metoden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Historisk Tidskrift. - 0345-469X .- 2002-4827. ; 133:3, s. 335-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses the so-called verb-oriented method and its role in the research project Gender and Work in early modern Sweden (GaW), which is based at Uppsala University. It provides a presentation of the GaW-database, which has been designed to allow analysis according to the verb-method. Finally, the article points out that this method can be combined with a number of different theoretical approaches as long as the focus is on practices. It is therefore compatible with the approaches of e.g., Judith Butler, Michel de Certeau, and Amartya Sen. Work is defined as "time-use with the purpose of making a living" and the article discusses why data on time-use, or actual work activities, are better suited for research into early modern Swedish working life than other types of data. It shows that activities are usually described in the sources by verb-phrases, and explains how and from what sources verb-phrases are collected and analyzed within the project. In order to allow for generalizations the verb-method presupposes large amounts of data. This is the rationale for the GaW-database, which at present includes around 5000 verb-phrases and 75000 data posts.
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| 16. |
- Bergstrand, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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On the decay time of upconversion luminescence
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nanoscale. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2040-3364 .- 2040-3372. ; 11:11, s. 4959-4969
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we systematically investigate the decay characteristics of upconversion luminescence (UCL) under anti-Stokes excitation through numerical simulations based on rate-equation models. We find that a UCL decay profile generally involves contributions from the sensitizer's excited-state lifetime, energy transfer and cross-relaxation processes. It should thus be regarded as the overall temporal response of the whole upconversion system to the excitation function rather than the intrinsic lifetime of the luminescence emitting state. Only under certain conditions, such as when the effective lifetime of the sensitizer's excited state is significantly shorter than that of the UCL emitting state and of the absence of cross-relaxation processes involving the emitting energy level, the UCL decay time approaches the intrinsic lifetime of the emitting state. Subsequently, Stokes excitation is generally preferred in order to accurately quantify the intrinsic lifetime of the emitting state. However, possible cross-relaxation between doped ions at high doping levels can complicate the decay characteristics of the luminescence and even make the Stokes-excitation approach fail. A strong cross-relaxation process can also account for the power dependence of the decay characteristics of UCL.
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| 17. |
- Boren, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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The molecular mechanism for the genetic disorder familial defective apolipoprotein B100
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 1083-351X. ; 276:12, s. 9214-9218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Familial defective apolipoprotein B100 (FDB) is a genetic disorder in which low density lipoproteins (LDL) bind defectively to the LDL receptor, resulting in hypercholesterolemia and premature atherosclerosis. FDB is caused by a mutation (R3500Q) that changes the conformation of apolipoprotein (apo) B100 near the receptor-binding site. We previously showed that arginine, not simply a positive charge, at residue 3500 is essential for normal receptor binding and that the carboxyl terminus of apoB100 is necessary for mutations affecting arginine 3500 to disrupt LDL receptor binding. Thus, normal receptor binding involves an interaction between arginine 3500 and tryptophan 4369 in the carboxyl tail of apoB100. W4369Y LDL and R3500Q LDL isolated from transgenic mice had identically defective LDL binding and a higher affinity for the monoclonal antibody MB47, which has an epitope flanking residue 3500. We conclude that arginine 3500 interacts with tryptophan 4369 and facilitates the conformation of apoB100 required for normal receptor binding of LDL. From our findings, we developed a model that explains how the carboxyl terminus of apoB100 interacts with the backbone of apoB100 that enwraps the LDL particle. Our model also explains how all known ligand-defective mutations in apoB100, including a newly discovered R3480W mutation in apoB100, cause defective receptor binding.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Coates, A. J., et al.
(författare)
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Recent Results from Titan's Ionosphere
- 2011
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Ingår i: Space Science Reviews. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0038-6308 .- 1572-9672. ; 162:1-4, s. 85-111
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Titan has the most significant atmosphere of any moon in the solar system, with a pressure at the surface larger than the Earth's. It also has a significant ionosphere, which is usually immersed in Saturn's magnetosphere. Occasionally it exits into Saturn's magnetosheath. In this paper we review several recent advances in our understanding of Titan's ionosphere, and present some comparisons with the other unmagnetized objects Mars and Venus. We present aspects of the ionospheric structure, chemistry, electrodynamic coupling and transport processes. We also review observations of ionospheric photoelectrons at Titan, Mars and Venus. Where appropriate, we mention the effects on ionospheric escape.
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| 20. |
- Couto, Rafael Carvalho, et al.
(författare)
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Breaking inversion symmetry by protonation : Experimental and theoretical NEXAFS study of the diazynium ion, N2H
- 2021
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 23:32, s. 17166-17176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As an example of symmetry breaking in NEXAFS spectra of protonated species we present a high resolution NEXAFS spectrum of protonated dinitrogen, the diazynium ion N2H+. By ab initio calculations we show that the spectrum consists of a superposition of two nitrogen 1s absorption spectra, each including a π∗ band, and a nitrogen 1s to H+ charge transfer band followed by a weak irregular progression of high energy excitations. Calculations also show that, as an effect of symmetry breaking by protonation, the π∗ transitions are separated by 0.23 eV, only slightly exceeding the difference in the corresponding dark (symmetry forbidden) and bright (symmetry allowed) core excitations of neutral N2. By DFT and calculations and vibrational analysis, the complex π∗ excitation band of N2H+ is understood as due to the superposition of the significantly different vibrational progressions of excitations from terminal and central nitrogen atoms, both leading to bent final state geometries. We also show computationally that the electronic structure of the charge transfer excitation smoothly depends on the nitrogen-proton distance and that there is a clear extension of the spectra going from infinity to close nitrogen-proton distance where fine structures show some, although not fully detailed, similarities. An interesting feature of partial localization of the nitrogen core orbitals, with a strong, non-monotonous, variation with nitrogen-proton distance could be highlighted. Specific effects could be unraveled when comparing molecular cation NEXAFS spectra, as represented by recently recorded spectra of N2+ and CO+, and spectra of protonated molecules as represented here by the N2H+ ion. Both types containing rich physical effects not represented in NEXAFS of neutral molecules because of the positive charge, whereas protonation also breaks the symmetry. The effect of the protonation on dinitrogen can be separated in charge, which extends the high-energy part of the spectrum, and symmetry-breaking, which is most clearly seen in the low-energy π∗ transition.
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| 21. |
- Couto, Rafael Carvalho, et al.
(författare)
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The carbon and oxygen K-edge NEXAFS spectra of CO
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 22:28, s. 16215-16223
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present and analyze high resolution near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra of CO+ at the carbon and oxygen K-edges. The spectra show a wealth of features that appear very differently at the two K-edges. The analysis of these features can be divided into three parts; (i) repopulation transition to the open shell orbital – here the C(1s) or O(1s) to 5σ transition, where the normal core hole state is reached from a different initial state and different interaction than in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; (ii) spin coupled split valence bands corresponding to C(1s) or O(1s) to π* transitions; (iii) remainder weak and long progressions towards the double ionization potentials containing a manifold of peaks. These parts, none of which has correspondence in NEXAFS spectra of neutral molecules, are dictated by the localization of the singly occupied 5σ orbital, adding a dimension of chemistry to the ionic NEXAFS technique.
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| 22. |
- Cravens, T. E., et al.
(författare)
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Dynamical and magnetic field time constants for Titan's ionosphere : Empirical estimates and comparisons with Venus
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 115:8, s. A08319-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasma in Titan's ionosphere flows in response to forcing from thermal pressure gradients, magnetic forces, gravity, and ion-neutral collisions. This paper takes an empirical approach to the ionospheric dynamics by using data from Cassini instruments to estimate pressures, flow speeds, and time constants on the dayside and nightside. The plasma flow speed relative to the neutral gas speed is approximately 1 m s(-1) near an altitude of 1000 km and 200 m s(-1) at 1500 km. For comparison, the thermospheric neutral wind speed is about 100 m s(-1). The ionospheric plasma is strongly coupled to the neutrals below an altitude of about 1300 km. Transport, vertical or horizontal, becomes more important than chemistry in controlling ionospheric densities above about 1200-1500 km, depending on the ion species. Empirical estimates are used to demonstrate that the structure of the ionospheric magnetic field is determined by plasma transport (including neutral wind effects) for altitudes above about 1000 km and by magnetic diffusion at lower altitudes. The paper suggests that a velocity shear layer near 1300 km could exist at some locations and could affect the structure of the magnetic field. Both Hall and polarization electric field terms in the magnetic induction equation are shown to be locally important in controlling the structure of Titan's ionospheric magnetic field. Comparisons are made between the ionospheric dynamics at Titan and at Venus.
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| 23. |
- Cravens, T. E., et al.
(författare)
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Model-data comparisons for Titan's nightside ionosphere
- 2009
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Ingår i: Icarus. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-1035 .- 1090-2643. ; 199:1, s. 174-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solar and X-ray radiation and energetic plasma from Saturn's magnetosphere interact with the upper atmosphere producing an ionosphere at Titan. The highly coupled ionosphere and upper atmosphere system mediates the interaction between Titan and the external environment. A model of Titan's nightside ionosphere will be described and the results compared with data from the Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) and the Langmuir probe (LP) part of the Radio and Plasma Wave (RPWS) experiment for the T5 and T21 nightside encounters of the Cassini Orbiter with Titan. Electron impact ionization associated with the precipitation of magnetospheric electrons into the upper atmosphere is assumed to be the source of the nightside ionosphere, at least for altitudes above 1000 km. Magnetospheric electron fluxes measured by the Cassini electron spectrometer (CAPS ELS) are used as an input for the model. The model is used to interpret the observed composition and structure of the T5 and T21 ionospheres. The densities of many ion species (e.g., CH5+ and C2H5+) measured during T5 exhibit temporal and/or spatial variations apparently associated with variations in the fluxes of energetic electrons that precipitate into the atmosphere from Saturn's magnetosphere.
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| 24. |
- Cui, J., et al.
(författare)
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Ion transport in Titan's upper atmosphere
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 115, s. A06314-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on a combined Cassini data set including Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer, Radio Plasma Wave Science, and Magnetometer measurements made during nine close encounters of the Cassini spacecraft with Titan, we investigate the electron ( or total ion) distribution in the upper ionosphere of the satellite between 1250 and 1600 km. A comparison of the measured electron distribution with that in diffusive equilibrium suggests global ion escape from Titan with a total ion loss rate of similar to(1.7 +/- 0.4) x 10(25) s(-1). Significant diurnal variation in ion transport is implied by the data, characterized by ion outflow at the dayside and ion inflow at the nightside, especially below similar to 1400 km. This is interpreted as a result of day-to-night ion transport, with a horizontal transport rate estimated to be similar to(1.4 +/- 0.5) x 10(24) s(-1). Such an ion flow is likely to be an important source for Titan's nightside ionosphere, as proposed in Cui et al. [2009a].
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| 25. |
- Dakhel, Ardwan, et al.
(författare)
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Novel cardiovascular biomarkers associated with peripheral arterial disease in men screened for abdominal aortic aneurysm
- 2022
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Ingår i: Vasa - European Journal of Vascular Medicine. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 0301-1526. ; 51:3, s. 167-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common atherosclerotic disease with severity ranging from asymptomatic to chronic limb threatening ischemia. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to identify novel biomarkers associated with PAD. Patients and methods: Levels of 91 cardiovascular specific proteins in plasma samples were measured by the Proseek Multiplex CVD III96x96 panel from a cohort consisting of 267 65-year-old men recruited from a screening program for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) Levels of protein biomarkers were compared in men with and without PAD (defined as an ankle brachial index of <0.9) and their diagnostic potential was calculated by receiver-operating characteristic analysis. Results: The prevalence of PAD was 14.2% (38/267). After adjustment for multiple comparisons, levels of the following 11 biomarkers remained significantly higher (p<0.0001) in patients with PAD: secretoglobin family 3A member 2, osteoprotegerin, urokinase-type plasminogen activator surface receptor, serum macrophage chemokine ligand 16, matrix metalloproteinase 9, p-selectin, growth differentiation factor 15, elafin, cystatin B, trefoil factor 3, and fatty acid-binding protein 4. Multivariable logistic regression analysis (adjusted for smoking, use of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medication, and metformin) showed that 11 biomarkers were significantly associated with higher risk of PAD with odds ratios ranging from 1.6 to 2.4. Area under curve calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (diagnostic value) for each protein biomarker ranged from 0.63 to 0.74. Conclusions: We have identified multiple proteins with a potential to be diagnostic biomarkers for PAD, and further research is warranted to clarify their potential predictive and prognostic value.
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| 26. |
- Edberg, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Electron density and temperature measurements in the cold plasma environment of Titan : Implications for atmospheric escape
- 2010
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 37:20, s. L20105-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present electron temperature and density measurements of Titan's cold ionospheric plasma from the Langmuir probe instrument on Cassini from 52 flybys. An expression of the density as a function of temperature is presented for altitudes below two Titan radii. The density falls off exponentially with increased temperature as log(n(e)) = -2.0log(T-e) + 0.6 on average around Titan. We show that this relation varies with location around Titan as well as with the solar illumination direction. Significant heating of the electrons appears to take place on the night/wake side of Titan as the density-temperature relation is less steep there. Furthermore, we show that the magnetospheric ram pressure is not balanced by the thermal and magnetic pressure in the topside ionosphere and discuss its implications for plasma escape. The cold ionospheric plasma of Titan extends to higher altitudes in the wake region, indicating the loss of atmosphere down the induced magnetospheric tail.
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| 27. |
- Edberg, Niklas J. T., et al.
(författare)
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Extreme densities in Titan's ionosphere during the T85 magnetosheath encounter
- 2013
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 40:12, s. 2879-2883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present Cassini Langmuir probe measurements of the highest electron number densities ever reported from the ionosphere of Titan. The measured density reached 4310cm(-3) during the T85 Titan flyby. This is at least 500cm(-3) higher than ever observed before and at least 50% above the average density for similar solar zenith angles. The peak of the ionospheric density is not reached on this flyby, making the maximum measured density a lower limit. During this flyby, we also report that an impacting coronal mass ejection (CME) leaves Titan in the magnetosheath of Saturn, where it is exposed to shocked solar wind plasma for at least 2 h 45 min. We suggest that the solar wind plasma in the magnetosheath during the CME conditions significantly modifies Titan's ionosphere by an addition of particle impact ionization by precipitating protons.
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| 28. |
- Edberg, Niklas J. T., et al.
(författare)
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Solar cycle modulation of Titan's ionosphere
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2169-9380. ; 118:8, s. 5255-5264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the six Cassini Titan flybys T83-T88 (May 2012 to November 2012) the electron density in the ionospheric peak region, as measured by the radio and plasma wave science instrument/Langmuir probe, has increased significantly, by 15-30%, compared to previous average. These measurements suggest that a longterm change has occurred in the ionosphere of Titan, likely caused by the rise to the new solar maximum with increased EUV fluxes. We compare measurements from TA, TB, and T5, from the declining phase of solar cycle 23 to the recent T83-T88 measurements during cycle 24, since the solar irradiances from those two intervals are comparable. The peak electron densities normalized to a common solar zenith angle N-norm from those two groups of flybys are comparable but increased compared to the solar minimum flybys (T16-T71). The integrated solar irradiance over the wavelengths 1-80nm, i.e., the solar energy flux, F-e, correlates well with the observed ionospheric peak density values. Chapman layer theory predicts that NnormFek, with k=0.5. We find observationally that the exponent k=0.540.18. Hence, the observations are in good agreement with theory despite the fact that many assumptions in Chapman theory are violated. This is also in good agreement with a similar study by Girazian and Withers (2013) on the ionosphere of Mars. We use this power law to estimate the peak electron density at the subsolar point of Titan during solar maximum conditions and find it to be about 6500cm(-3), i.e., 85-160% more than has been measured during the entire Cassini mission.
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| 29. |
- Edberg, Niklas J. T., et al.
(författare)
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Structured ionospheric outflow during the Cassini T55-T59 Titan flybys
- 2011
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Ingår i: Planetary and Space Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0032-0633 .- 1873-5088. ; 59:8, s. 788-797
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the final three of the five consecutive and similar Cassini Titan flybys T55-T59 we observe a region characterized by high plasma densities (electron densities of 1-8 cm(-3)) in the tail/nightside of Titan. This region is observed progressively farther downtail from pass to pass and is interpreted as a plume of ionospheric plasma escaping Titan, which appears steady in both location and time. The ions in this plasma plume are moving in the direction away from Titan and are a mixture of both light and heavy ions with composition revealing that their origin are in Titan's ionosphere, while the electrons are more isotropically distributed. Magnetic field measurements indicate the presence of a current sheet at the inner edge of this region. We discuss the mechanisms behind this outflow, and suggest that it could be caused by ambipolar diffusion, magnetic moment pumping or dispersive Alfven waves.
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| 30. |
- Engfeldt, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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RG 2000 – the New Gravity Reference Frame of Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Geophysica. - : Geophysical Society of Finland. - 0367-4231 .- 2324-0741. ; 54:1, s. 69-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increased need for improved geoid models for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) height determination calls for additional gravity observations and quality assurance of existing data. In this perspective, a modern gravity system and the renovation of an already existing high order gravity network is considered as a moderate strategic investment which provides a firm foundation for further activities. Here the new gravity reference frame RG 2000 for Sweden is presented. RG 2000 is realized by absolute gravity observations at 109 stations. The absolute points are connected via old and new relative gravity observations, including another 216 points. Points and observations have been chosen so that good overlap with the older Swedish reference frames, RG 62 and RG 82, is achieved, allowing to evaluate the older frames and transformations between them. RG 2000 is based on a zero permanent tide system with epoch 2000.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Futaana, Yoshifumi, et al.
(författare)
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Corotation Plasma Environment Model : An Empirical Probability Model of the Jovian Magnetosphere
- 2018
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 0093-3813 .- 1939-9375. ; 46:6, s. 2126-2145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We developed a new empirical model for corotating plasma in the Jovian magnetosphere. The model, named the corotation plasma environment model version 2 (CPEMv2), considers the charge density, velocity vector, and ion temperature based on Galileo/plasma system (PLS) ion data. In addition, we develop hot electron temperature and density models based on Galileo/PLS electron data. All of the models provide respective quantities in the magnetic equator plane of 9-30RJ, while the charge density model can be extended to 3-D space. A characteristic feature of the CPEM is its support of the percentile as a user input. This feature enables us to model extreme conditions in addition to normal states. In this paper, we review the foundations of the new empirical model, present a general derivation algorithm, and offer a detailed formulation of each parameter of the CPEMv2. As all CPEM parameters are of the analytical form, their implementation is straightforward, and execution involves the use of a small number of computational resources. The CPEM is flexible; for example, it can be extended, as new data (from observations or simulation results) become available. The CPEM can be used for the mission operation of the European Space Agency's mission to Jupiter, JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE), and for future data analyses.
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| 37. |
- Garnier, P., et al.
(författare)
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Titan's ionosphere in the magnetosheath : Cassini RPWS results during the T32 flyby
- 2009
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Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 27:11, s. 4257-4272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Cassini mission has provided much information about the Titan environment, with numerous low altitude encounters with the moon being always inside the magnetosphere. The only encounter taking place outside the magnetopause, in the magnetosheath, occurred the 13 June 2007 (T32 flyby). This paper is dedicated to the analysis of the Radio and Plasma Wave investigation data during this specific encounter, in particular with the Langmuir probe, providing a detailed picture of the cold plasma environment and of Titan's ionosphere with these unique plasma conditions. The various pressure terms were also calculated during the flyby. The comparison with the T30 flyby, whose geometry was very similar to the T32 encounter but where Titan was immersed in the kronian magnetosphere, reveals that the evolution of the incident plasma has a significant influence on the structure of the ionosphere, with in particular a change of the exo-ionospheric shape. The electrical conductivities are given along the trajectory of the spacecraft and the discovery of a polar plasma cavity is reported.
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| 38. |
- Guo, J. H., et al.
(författare)
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The molecular structure of alcohol-water mixtures determined by soft-X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier BV. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 137-40:SI, s. 425-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have examined the influence of the intermolecular interaction on the local electronic structure by using X-ray absorption and emission spectra of liquid methanol, water, and their mixtures (in molar ratios of 9:1 and 7:3). We find a strong involvement of hydrogen bonding in the mixing of water and methanol molecules. The local electronic structure of water and methanol clusters, where water cluster is bridging within a 6-member open-ring structured methanol cluster, is separately determined. The experimental findings suggest an incomplete mixing of water-alcohol systems and a strong self- association between methanol chain and water cluster through hydrogen bonding. The enhancement of joint water-methanol open-ring structure owes the explanation to the loss of entropy of the aqueous solutions.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Göransson, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Gender-specific R&D in Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Gender-Specific Research and Development – how women researchers respond to the needs of women end-users in China, Poland and Sweden. - 9789186113124 ; , s. 171-194
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Göransson, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Women in Science and Technology in the Nordic Countries
- 2010
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Ingår i: Gender-Specific Research and Development – how women researchers respond to the needs of women end-users in China, Poland and Sweden. - 9789186113124 ; , s. 23-54
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Hagnestål, Anders, 1976-
(författare)
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Coil Design and Related Studies for the Fusion-Fission Reactor Concept SFLM Hybrid
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A fusion-fission (hybrid) reactor is a combination of a fusion device and a subcritical fission reactor, where the fusion device acts as a neutron source and the power is mainly produced in the fission core. Hybrid reactors may be suitable for transmutation of transuranic isotopes in the spent nuclear fuel, due to the safety margin on criticality imposed by the subcritical fission core. The SFLM Hybrid project is a theoretical project that aims to point out the possibilities with steady-state mirror-based hybrid reactors. The quadrupolar magnetic mirror vacuum field is based on the Straight Field Line Mirror field and the central cell is 25 m long. A fission mantle surrounds the mirror cell. The fission to fusion power ratio is about 150 with keff = 0.97, implying that almost all the produced energy comes from fission. Beyond each mirror end magnetic expanders are located, which increase the plasma receiving “divertor” area and provide tolerable heat load on wall materials. The plasma is heated with ion cyclotron radio frequency heating and the fission mantle is cooled using a liquid lead-bismuth eutectic. The device is self-sufficient in tritium, and does not seem to suffer from severe material problems. A remaining issue may be the plasma electron temperature, which need to reach about 500 eV for efficient power production. In this doctoral thesis, theoretical work has been done with the magnetic coil system of such a device and also with the overall concept. A new coil type, the fishbone coil, suitable for single cell quadrupolar mirrors, has been invented. Two vacuum field coil sets with satisfying properties have been found, where the most recent coil set consists of fishbone coils. Finite ß effects on the magnetic field have been investigated, showing that the flux tube ellipticity increases with ß. The ellipticity of the vacuum field increases slightly with radius, but with finite ß it decreases with radius. The maximum flux surface radial extensions decrease with ß, which is an unexpected and beneficial result. A radial invariant has also been identified, and particle simulations have been made to emphasize that quadrupolar mirrors must be symmetric or confinement may be lost.
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| 47. |
- Hallenberg, Mats
(författare)
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Kungen, fogdarna och riket : Lokalförvaltning och statsbyggande under tidig Vasatid
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The growth of the 16th century Swedish state is studied through the local organization created by Gustavus Vasa. The state is viewed as an organization, a collective agent, which may function as a formidable instrument of power for those who can control it. The inspiration comes from Max Weber as well as theories on how modern firms come to exist and expand their activities.The main issue is to explain why Gustavus Vasa and his successors created a wide-embracing local organization run by the state. In most parts of Europe, the princes tried to strengthen their positions by acting through noble officials on the provincial level. In Sweden royal bailiffs took over the responsibility for the tax collection in the entire realm. These bailiffs were the only intermediates between the king and his subjects. This flat, non-hierarchical structure meant that the Swedish nobility in effect was left outside the royal administration.In the first years of the reign of Gustavus Vasa mobilization of political support was given top priority, as the new regime needed to establish its legitimacy. The civil administration also performed important military functions. In the years around 1540, the local organization co-operated with the district courts in compiling records on the tax-base of the realm. As the political situation stabilized, and the central government gained access to information on local resources, the state expanded its activities into new areas. Under the entrepreneurial leadership of Gustavus Vasa the bailiffs took over operations that had previously been performed within civil society. As a result, the local administration had to grow. After 1560 this expansion stopped, and the state administration instead became more differentiated. But the local bargaining between bailiffs and peasantry was still of great importance. It added an important dimension of flexibility to the system.This study also addresses the relationship between the royal bailiffs and the peasantry. The bailiffs often used harsh methods, but peasants' complaints could prove worth while, and there was room for acting out conflicts within the system. From the reign of Gustavus Vasa, a line of communication was opened between king and peasants, which helped increase the legitimacy of state government while at the same time securing access to first-hand information about local circumstances. The Swedish state thus was able to mobilize resources and political support for its activities on a lower level in society than most of its competitors could. The significance of this state building in local society is strongly emphasized in this dissertation.
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| 48. |
- Hebig, Regina, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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How do students experience and judge software comprehension techniques?
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Program Comprehension. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. ; , s. 425-435
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, there is a wide range of techniques to support softwarecomprehension. However, we do not fully understand yet whattechniques really help novices, to comprehend a software system.In this paper, we present a master level project course on softwareevolution, which has a large focus on software comprehension. Wecollected data about student's experience with diverse comprehension techniques during focus group discussions over the course oftwo years. Our results indicate that systematic code reading canbe supported by additional techniques to guiding reading efforts.Most techniques are considered valuable for gaining an overviewand some techniques are judged to be helpful only in later stagesof software comprehension efforts.
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| 49. |
- Hellgren, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Electronic structure of carbon nitride thin films studied by X-ray spectroscopy techniques
- 2005
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 471:02-jan, s. 19-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magnetron-sputtered carbon nitride thin films with different structures and compositions were analyzed by X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS and UPS), near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS), as well as X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES). In all techniques, the carbon spectra are broad and featureless with little variation depending on growth conditions. The nitrogen spectra, on the other hand, show more distinct features, providing a powerful tool for structural characterization. By comparing the experimental spectra with calculations on different model systems, we are able to identify three major bonding structures of the nitrogen-N1: nitrile (C equivalent to N) bonds; N2: Pyridine-like N, i.e., N bonded to two C atoms; and N3: graphite-like N, i.e., N bonded to three C atoms as if substituted in a graphitic network, however, possibly positioned in a pentagon and/or with sp(3) carbon neighbors. The presence of N2 and N3 are best detected by XPS, while N1 is better detected by NEXAFS. The calculated XES spectra also give good indications how valence band spectra should be interpreted. Films grown at the higher temperatures ( greater than or equal to 350 degreesC) show a pronounced angular dependence of the incoming photon beam in NEXATS measurements, which suggests a textured microstructure with standing graphitic basal planes, while amorphous films grown at low temperatures show isotropic properties.
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| 50. |
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